10.22630/PEFIM.1711701387
1711701387
sggw
wwwwne@mail.sggw.pl
Tomasz Ruchniewicz
Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing
2081-3430
2544-0640
10.22630/PEFIM
http://pefim.sggw.pl/
07
21
2017
08
21
2017
17(66)
10.22630/PEFIM.2017.17.66
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pefim/2017/vol/issue17(66)
Światowy kryzys finansowy i działania naprawcze wobec gospodarki polskiej
Mieczysław
Adamowicz
Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1164-4966
Tomasz
Adamowicz
Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0378-3832
Wioletta
Miklaszewska
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Description and evaluation of the world financial crisis of the years 2007-2011, as well as pheatures and outcomes of this crisis in Poland and anticrisis activities undertaken by the government and financial institutions in Poland represent the subject and purpose of this article. The subject literature and informations from different national and international financial institutions and organizations were used as a source of research materials and data for analysis. Financial crisic appeared in Poland with some delay and was less intensive than in other developed countries. Anticrisis measures undertaken in Poland were adjusted to the European Union and International Monetary Fund recomendations. Polish Central Bank and government anticrisis activities referred to institutional sphere, mode of institution functioning and the area of financial policy. Reaction of enterprises, households, selfgoverning and public institutionas acting in real economy were observed and assessed.
08
21
2017
5
24
10.22630/PEFIM.2017.17.66.1
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s5
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s5
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s5.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s5.pdf
W poszukiwaniu wiarygodnych metod pomiaru skuteczności budowania marek miast
Anna
Augustyn
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku
Magdalena
Florek
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Marta
Hereźniak
Uniwersytet Łódzki
This paper attempts to present and systematize the diverse perspectives on effectiveness of branding activities in cities. The authors propose an approach to brand effectiveness measurement, drawing from both marketing and public management concepts and thus articulating implications for the practice of managing brands of cities. The analysis of current approaches to the measurement of brand building activities that can be applied to cities was performed upon the concepts from marketing and public management. Theoretical assumptions of various measurement models were examined, serving as a basis for the critical analysis of effectiveness indicators resulting therefrom. Special attention has been given to the concept of place brand equity as a multidimensional measure of place brand effectiveness through the lenses of the place’s key stakeholder groups. It is proposed that the development of the measurement system for the effectiveness of place brand strategy should begin with the realization how public entities interpret the very notion of place brand, what functions does it perform and what is the scope of its influence on the place’s reality. Such realization will have considerable impact on the effectiveness indicators that the public entities will consider indispensable for their brand strategies. Furthermore, the authors posit that to capture the multiple effects of brand strategy, the effectiveness indicators should encompass both tangible and intangible results of place branding and that it should not be limited to purely promotional indicators but rather include a wider set of measures referring to diverse timeframes.
08
21
2017
25
45
10.22630/PEFIM.2017.17.66.2
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s25
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s25
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s25.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s25.pdf
Płatności bezpośrednie dla rolnictwa w Polsce w warunkach pozostawania poza strefą euro
Wawrzyniec
Czubak
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0826-8461
Bartłomiej
Bajan
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1393-6580
Przemysław
Cieślak
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu
The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the effects that, for Polish farmers, entails staying out of the monetary union in relation to the conversion system of direct payments for countries that are not members of the euro zone. The analysis focuses on yearly differences between the reference values of exchange rate of the European Central Bank (ECB), which are the base for direct payments conversion and daily exchange rates in which the funds are paid to farmers. The analysis covers the payment campaigns 2005-2013. In the analysed period, farmers lost on the conversion of payments about 750 million zlotys, which does not exceed 1% of the received aid. The worrying fact however, may be short-term fluctuations of exchange rate, which in 2008 resulted in a loss of 25% (more than 2 billion zlotys) in relation to what beneficiaries would receive in case of participation in the euro zone.
08
21
2017
46
53
10.22630/PEFIM.2017.17.66.3
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s46
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s46
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s46.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s46.pdf
Nowe koncepcje marketingu w procesie tworzenia strategii marketingowej na rynkach międzynarodowych
Wojciech
Grzegorczyk
Uniwersytet Łódzki
The aim of this article is to present a critical approach to the concepts of building the company’s marketing strategy on international markets and to the content of its subsequent stages. In order to do that the author analyses both Polish and foreign literature on international marketing. The initial stages of international marketing strategies should include the selection of a foreign market and forms of expansion into it. The company’s marketing-mix programme can only be developed after that as the form of expansion determines the content and the combination of marketing tools. The international marketing strategy should be built on the basis of marketing research conducted sequentially. The concept of Agile Marketing, a popular subject of recent marketing literature, is not particularly useful here as it mainly refers to the implementation of marketing strategies on international markets. The other marketing concepts can be also used in the international expansion process, particulary in communication and promotiional activities on foreign markets.
08
21
2017
54
62
10.22630/PEFIM.2017.17.66.4
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s54
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s54
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s54.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s54.pdf
Źródła finansowania projektów europejskich w wymiarze transferów finansowych Polska – Unia Europejska
Dorota
Jegorow
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
The aim of this study is to present the real financing of projects implemented under the aegis of European funds of funds coming from non-returnable foreign sources in Poland since May 2004 until February 2017. In fact, this level is insignificant. The analysis of quantitative and qualitative takes into account the level of co-financing of European projects in terms of sources of grants and financial transfers between Poland and the European Union.
08
21
2017
63
72
10.22630/PEFIM.2017.17.66.5
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s63
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s63
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s63.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s63.pdf
Testowanie występowania „efektu stycznia” na podstawie indeksu sWiG80
Berenika
Karaszkiewicz
Politechnika Łódzka
Iwona
Staniec
Politechnika Łódzka
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5580-5450
The aim of the study is to verify the impact of the “January effect” on the instruments on the Stock Exchange in Warsaw. To carry out the study calculated the average monthly returns of companies included in index sWIG80 for the period from January 2007 to December 2015. The calculations were based on daily quotations of selected indices, using a simple rate of return. A study shows that since 2007, the “January effect” has occurred in the stock market, once in 2012. Conclusions from the analysis of the results can be practically applied in making investment decisions.
08
21
2017
73
82
10.22630/PEFIM.2017.17.66.6
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s73
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s73
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s73.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s73.pdf
Porównanie wybranych aspektów działań promocyjnych prowadzonych przez gminy wiejskie, miejsko-wiejskie i miejskie
Zdzisław
Kochanowicz
Warszawska Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczna w Warszawie
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5043-2176
Piotr
Bórawski
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7140
Justyna
Czaplicka
Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej w Warszawie
The aim of the study was to recognize and compare selected aspects of promotion activities conducted by urban-rural, urban communities, and rural communities. Within the framework of the main objective the following specific objectives were fulfilled: recognition of promotional measures applied by the examined communities, recognition of the forms of cooperation between communities, assessment of the importance of factors determining the tourist attractiveness of the community in the opinion of the respondents, and evaluation of the importance of barriers in the development of tourism in the studied municipality. The research group was comprised of 81 municipalities from seven Polish voivodeships. The diagnostic applied was a method using a survey technique according to a standardized questionnaire. The survey questionnaire was filled by responsible persons within the municipality, for undertaking promotional activities. It has been found that there are differences in the type of instruments used, and the extent to which individual activities are used, between promotional activities carried out by urban-rural, urban communities, and rural communities. In addition, research indicates that rural communities are less likely than urban / rural municipalities to offer cooperation with other entities. The analysis of respondents' responses also showed the importance of the supporting factors in the attractiveness of tourism and the barriers that may hinder the development of tourism in municipalities. The level of identification and promotion of a tourist product at the local level is an interesting area for further research.
08
21
2017
83
95
10.22630/PEFIM.2017.17.66.7
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s83
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s83
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s83.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s83.pdf
Wpływ globalizacji na zarządzanie we współczesnym przedsiębiorstwie
Adam
Miara
Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Informatyki i Przedsiębiorczości w Łomży
Many aspects functioning of an organization of conditions in a globalizing world economy forces the selection and implementation of enterprise new management methods. This article attempts to present the effects new global of management methods. Presents the idea and essence of globalization in relation to business management. Based on the review of the literature shows the advantages and disadvantages of global management methods in organizations.
08
21
2017
96
103
10.22630/PEFIM.2017.17.66.8
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s96
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s96
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s96.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s96.pdf
Styl życia– jako egzemplifikacja zmian zachowań konsumpcyjnych Polaków
Wojciech
Pizło
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5212-0990
Anna
Mazurkiewicz-Pizło
Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego w Warszawie
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8273-2229
The aim of the article is to diagnose and evaluate the lifestyle of Polish society. CBOS research results from 1987 to 2015 have been used in the article. According to CBOS research, the main characteristics of Poles' lifestyles are: happiness, personal security, cultural participation, spending time with family and friends, charity and ways of managing Raise money). The essence of "lifestyle" is presented as a conceptual category used in both economic and social sciences. As a result of the observation, it was stated that Observation of research results may lead to formulation of the following lifestyle conclusions: the number of Poles who have been lucky to feel safe increases (at least since 2004). Poles are richer, therefore the percentage of people spending time with family in restaurants increases - 60% of Poles are entering the European Union and cultural activity is increasing (in film screenings, concerts and exhibitions). The use of the Internet for "off-professional purposes" and the percentage of people reading books for pleasure are growing. Apart from these changes in the way of life of Poles, the dominant way to support charity was to "donate money" (1st place) and then "donate things like clothes, books (2nd place), as well as a decrease in the proportion of people taking financial commitments in "financial institutions".
08
21
2017
104
117
10.22630/PEFIM.2017.17.66.9
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s104
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s104
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s104.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s104.pdf
Uwarunkowania zarządzania wartością przedsiębiorstwa - kontekst Grupy Azoty Puławy
Zenon
Pokojski
Uniwersytet Marii Curie Skłodowskiej w Lublinie
This article presents the environmental structure of successful enterprise management in value growth approach. There were indicated two main trends in such management. One based on building value for the owners, the other focusing on building value for the business stakeholder. The purpose of the article is to show that in the longer term, building a company's value for owners comes along with value growth for its key stakeholders. The presented case of the Azoty Pulawy Group is a confirmation to this assumption. The analysis was based on a literature review of management sciences and and participant observations of the author as a Vice President of GA Puławy.
08
21
2017
118
132
10.22630/PEFIM.2017.17.66.10
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s118
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s118
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s118.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s118.pdf
Komunikacja marketingowa w procesie współpracy międzysektorowej organizacji pozarządowej
Edyta
Rudawska
Uniwersytet Szczeciński
Marta
Bloch
Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczno-Społeczna w Ostrołęce
Cross-sectoral cooperation is a complex process and a major challenge for NGOs, starting from its inception to implementing the agreement of the inter-organizational cooperation. It is often run in virtual environment since cooperating companies often remain in geographical distance. The terms of cross-sectoral cooperation of non-governmental organizations require the implementation of tools to improve the communication between the co-operators and between the co-operators and their environment. The purpose of this article is to assess the role of marketing communications in the cross-sectoral collaboration of NGO. The article is based on the literature review and primary research conducted among non-governmental organizations, public organizations and enterprises in the subregion Ostrołęka. The research was run with the use of the questionnaire in 2014. Non-governmental organizations with cross-sectoral collaboration have emphasized that marketing communication is a key barrier to the establishment and development of co-operation. Therefore the concept of marketing communication of NGO on the following stages of the cooperation process had been proposed.
08
21
2017
133
144
10.22630/PEFIM.2017.17.66.11
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s133
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s133
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s133.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s133.pdf
Mechanizm przestępstw karuzelowych i metody ich ograniczenia
Sonia
Kozub-Skalska
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
One of the mechanisms that significantly contributes to the existence of VAT gaps, is a tax fraud within the so-called tax carousel. The idea of the carousel is based on the characteristic of the current VAT system, namely, on the principle that the VAT due is paid into accounts of the tax office by the seller of the goods. At the same time, however, the purchaser, being an active VAT taxpayer has the right to exercise of the right to deduct the so-called input VAT. If the sum of input VAT from goods and services exceeds the amount of output VAT on sales made by the taxpayer in the relevant accounting period, a taxpayer is entitled to receive direct VAT refund. It is the VAT refund which is a prerogative for tax criminals to open up a number of business entities and create a mechanism of tax carousels to obtain financial benefits from unduly received VAT refunds. Unfortunately, the scale of this phenomenon shows that both the tax authorities as well as law enforcement agencies do not cope with limiting this scale. The aim of the article is to identify new ways of reducing carousel offenses, which in cooperation with tax authorities, law enforcement agencies and expert witnesses will significantly reduce the scale of this phenomenon. The added value of the study is that new methods do not require legislative changes, thus they can be immediately applied in practice. In order to present the aims, methods of research were used based on the analysis of domestic and foreign publications as well as public data provided by the Ministry of Finance and the legal acts in force. The considerations discussed in the article are both theoretical and practical.
08
21
2017
145
160
10.22630/PEFIM.2017.17.66.12
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s145
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s145
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s145.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s145.pdf
Uwarunkowania rozwoju systemów ERP w przedsiębiorstwach
Dariusz
Strzębicki
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1656-4268
The purpose of this article was to identify the factors that influence the process of implementing ERP systems. The aim was also to identify trends in ERP vendors' offer for enterprises in Poland. This article is based on a review of literature on the implementation of ERP systems and on secondary data available on the Internet. Analysis shows that modern ERP systems are increasingly contributing to the ever-increasing automation of processes and are increasingly focused on the development of external integration. The article also shows that at every stage of the innovation process there are many factors that may affect the failure of an ERP implementation project. Factors influencing the development of the ERP system can be embedded in the company as well as its surroundings.
08
21
2017
161
169
10.22630/PEFIM.2017.17.66.13
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s161
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s161
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s161.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s161.pdf
KLASTER JAKO SIEĆ INTERESARIUSZY WEDŁUG ZAŁOŻEŃ MARKETINGU 3.0
Barbara
Szymoniuk
Politechnika Lubelska
This article is based on research conducted in Poland on the sample of 16 National Key Clusters. These clusters are described here as special types of organizational networks, in which participate their stakeholders. Research indicates that marketing actions of these clusters are compatible with the fundamental assumptions of Marketing 3.0, and meet the participants expectations in the rational, emotional and spiritual sphere. Based on research and experience taken from the author`s expertise and organizational work in clusters, she formulates conclusions and recommendations on involving the cluster stakeholders in strengthening its organizational network.
08
21
2017
170
179
10.22630/PEFIM.2017.17.66.14
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s170
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s170
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s170.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s170.pdf
Determinanty decyzji zakupowych nabywców na rynku produktów sportowych
Zygmunt
Waśkowski
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0793-3578
The Polish market of sport products dedicated for runners systematically develops as the number of people who choose this way of passing their leisure time increases. However, the customers who buy these products have varying preferences and behaviours, depending on, among others, their running experience. This article contains an overview of literature on the subject of active leisure time. It also presents the Author’s original idea for a runner’s sports life cycle, which includes their market behaviour, and the results of own research which show the runners’ preferences and motivations when it comes to making purchase decisions on the example of a chosen product group, namely: runners’ shoes.
08
21
2017
180
188
10.22630/PEFIM.2017.17.66.15
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s180
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s180
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s180.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s180.pdf
Cechy domen internetowych polskich marek eksportowych a specyfika branży
Marzanna
Witek-Hajduk
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Jolanta
Mazur
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Andrzej
Sznajder
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Bartosz
Targański
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Piotr
Zaborek
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
The aim of this paper is to answer the research question: Do the characteristics of Polish brands' websites addressed to the domestic and foreign consumers demonstrate significant differences in terms of the industry specificity?For this purpose, quantitative research was carried out by observing and recording the characteristics of the exporting brands' websites, supplemented with secondary data on Internet traffic and the financial outcomes of the brands' owners. The research community constisted of 402 strongest Polish consumer goods' brands sold in foreign markets.It has been found that the brands of clothing and other fashion-related products and brands of consumer durable goods demonstrate relatively high level of surveyed Web site characteristics and brands of food and cosmetics - the lowest.
08
21
2017
189
199
10.22630/PEFIM.2017.17.66.16
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s189
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s189
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s189.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s189.pdf
Otwarte innowacje w małych i średnich przedsiębiorstwach. W kierunku zintegrowanego modelu współpracy
Monika
Zajkowska
Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa w Gdańsku
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) around the world play a key role in shaping the economy. In the face of progressive changes in the environment, smaller companies face the challenge of continuous innovation in order to increase competitiveness. New conditions create the need for open innovation models, which through the exchange of intellectual capital between the company and its surroundings allow you to go beyond the traditional perception of the organization. More and more supporters among SMEs wins the concept of open innovation, which, with limited resources, smaller companies may be an effective way to increase innovation. The purpose of this article is to present the possibility of applying the concept of open innovation among SMEs. In considering an attempt to indicate the place of SMEs in the open model of cooperation and create a business model as a composition of open innovation inbound, outbound and coupled processes.
08
21
2017
200
212
10.22630/PEFIM.2017.17.66.17
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s200
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s200
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s200.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s200.pdf
WHO IS A SUSTAINABLE CONSUMER? IN SEARCH OF A NEW HUMAN CONCEPT IN SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY
Jolanta
Zrałek
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
The way in which economists perceive and interpret human behaviors directly translates into the tools of sustainable development policy (SDP). The efficacy of these tools, hence the possibility of attaining sustainable development (SD) goals depends on how precisely the background assumptions reflect mechanisms of human behaviors. Along with a maturation of sustainability concept it was becoming obvious for ecological economists that this condition is no longer fulfilled by neoclassical concept of homo oeconomicus. According to this path of thought the neoclassical model neither reflects the rules of sustainable society nor explains sustainable behaviors of individual actors. In consequence, ecological economists have been focused on the analysis and critique of homo oeconomicus model. They also started to search for a new concept which would be able to either complement or replace it. This article seeks to explain the vital points of critique of homo oeconomicus concept and, on this background, to describe new concepts introduced by the opponents of neoclassical approach.
08
21
2017
213
222
10.22630/PEFIM.2017.17.66.18
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s213
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PEFIM_2017_n66_s213
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s213.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PEFIM_2017_n66_s213.pdf