10.22630/PRS.1711687108
1711687108
sggw
wwwwne@mail.sggw.pl
Tomasz Ruchniewicz
Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego
2081-6960
2544-0659
10.22630/PRS
http://prs.wne.sggw.pl/
04
01
2019
04
01
2019
19(34)
1
10.22630/PRS.2019.19.1
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/prs/2019/vol19(34)/issue1
The World Financial Crisis and The Polish Economy
Mieczysław
Adamowicz
Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education in Biała Podlaska
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1164-4966
Tomasz
Adamowicz
Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education in Biała Podlaska
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0378-3832
The subject of the work is to provide an overview of the global financial crisis in the years 2007-2011; its course, symptoms and effects in the world and in Poland. The work presents the causes and the sources of crisis as well as corrective measures taken by governments and financial institutions. The subject literature and information from different national and international financial institutions and organisations were used as a source of research materials and data for analysis. The financial crisis appeared in Poland with some delay and was less intensive than in other developed countries. Anti-crisis measures taken in Poland complied with the recommendations of the European Union and the International Monetary Fund. The measures taken by the Polish central bank concerned the institutional sphere, the manner in which the financial policy worked and how it was pursued, as well as the real sphere of the economy, including especially enterprises, households and public institutions.
04
01
2019
5
21
10.22630/PRS.2019.19.1.1
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s5
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s5
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s5.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s5.pdf
Environmental Assessment of the Life Cycle of Bovine Compound Feeds from a Feed Milling Plant in a Large Commercial Farm in Wielkopolska Region, Poland
Jerzy
Bieńkowski
Institute for Agricultural and Forest Environment Polish Academy of Sciences
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1659-1517
Małgorzata
Holka
Institute for Agricultural and Forest Environment Polish Academy of Sciences
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4192-8863
In recent years, the importance of environmental threats associated with intensive livestock production has been emphasized. Compound feeds make up a part of the animal production chain. A complete assessment of the animal production system with regard to environmental criteria is therefore impossible without considering the environmental consequences of feed production. The goal of this research is to fill the gap in an environmental assessment of production processes of compound feeds in Poland. The study presents an assessment of production impacts of bovine compound feeds according to Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) methodology. The data for analysis were based on the set of information obtained from the feed milling plant located in a commercial agricultural enterprise in the Wielkopolska region in the years 2015-2016. An inventory table of inputs was prepared in relation to the functional unit of 1 ton of compound feeds and two phases of production processes, i.e. upstream and core. For average compound feed, the impact category indicators for the global warming potential, acidification, eutrophication, photochemical ozone formation, consumption of mineral resources, fossil fuel resources and the emission of the respirable particles were respectively: 605.9 kg CO2 eq, 8.73 kg SO2 eq, 3.32 kg PO4 eq, 0.73 kg ethylene eq, 3.4x10-3 kg antimony eq, 5141.1 MJ and 2.25 kg PM2.5 eq. The upstream phase had the greatest effect on investigated impacts, while the core processes phase had a relatively low impact on environmental threats. It is recommended to broaden the scope of the research for a larger group of feed milling plants with more complex manufacturing processes, with a more branched supply structure and a wide range of compound feeds for different animal types. The obtained data can be a valuable source base in prospective analyses of the life cycle of various animal products in Poland.
04
01
2019
22
36
10.22630/PRS.2019.19.1.2
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s22
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s22
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s22.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s22.pdf
Wpływ zmian klimatu na efektywność wykorzystywania azotu oraz jego straty
Antoni
Faber
Instytut Uprawy Nawożenia i Gleboznawstwa – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy w Puławach
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3055-1968
Zuzanna
Jarosz
Instytut Uprawy Nawożenia i Gleboznawstwa – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy w Puławach
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3428-5804
Aleksandra
Król
Instytut Uprawy Nawożenia i Gleboznawstwa – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy w Puławach
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6680-6328
The aim of the study was to determine the expected yields, the efficiency of N (NUE) use, N leaching, N2O and NH3 emissions depending on climate change until 2050. The research was carried out using the DNDC model for the years 1991-2010, 2011-2030 and 2031-2050 as well as 10 locations in Poland. In the simulations, the crop rotation were considered: maize for grain - spring barley - winter rape - winter wheat, which was grown on light, medium and heavy soils, with fertilization of, respectively: 140, 90, 160 and 120 kg N ha-1. It was found that climate change can contribute to increase in the yield of maize (6-43%) and winter rape (2-8%), decreases in winter wheat yield (from -18 to -5%) and negligible changes in yields of spring barley. NUE will increase in the cultivation of maize (2-17%), it will decrease in winter wheat (3-22%) and spring barley (3-17%) crops and will not change in the case of winter oilseed rape. NUE changes and N losses did not affect the need to reduce nitrogen doses in the future cultivation of the studied plants.
04
01
2019
37
46
10.22630/PRS.2019.19.1.3
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s37
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s37
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s37.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s37.pdf
Price Behaviour and Market Integration: Preliminary Evidencefrom the Ukrainian and European Union Rapeseed Markets
Mariusz
Hamulczuk
Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4956-8516
Oksana
Makarchuk
National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine – NULES of Ukraine
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5997-5879
Edgardo
Sica
University of Foggia, Italy
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9054-8309
This paper aims to provide preliminary evidence about the existence of horizontal integration between the rapeseed markets in Ukraine (UA) and the European Union (EU). To this end, both a trade analysis and a price analysis were carried out. In particular, the trade analysis was performed using yearly trade flows between the UA and EU, whereas price co-movement was assessed by means of linear vector error correction model (VECM) applied to weekly prices for rapeseed from 2008 to 2018. Our findings provide evidence of strong integration between the UA and EU markets in terms of the trade of rapeseeds, rape cake, and rape oil, as well as high horizontal rapeseed price transmission between the two economies.
04
01
2019
47
58
10.22630/PRS.2019.19.1.4
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s47
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s47
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s47.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s47.pdf
Rola logistyki w pogłębianiu procesów globalizacji
Bogdan
Klepacki
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3483-7530
Aleksandra
Perkowska
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7059-0689
The study presents the importance of logistics in deepening globalization, especially in the use of maritime transport. This transport industry is the most widely used in the international flow of goods. It was found that world-wide transport from the mid-1990s increased almost by half, which was due to the most increased shipment of general cargo (2.6 times) and container loads (2 times). If the current trends in the pace of globalization processes are maintained in the future, rapidly developing Asian countries will be the deciding factor, while the role of developed European countries and the United States will decline.
04
01
2019
59
67
10.22630/PRS.2019.19.1.5
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s59
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s59
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s59.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s59.pdf
Wyniki produkcyjne i ekonomiczne gospodarstw nastawionych na produkcję zwierzęcą
Dorota
Komorowska
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9881-7785
The aim of the study is to assess the results of managing production resources in farms focused on animal production, which were covered by agricultural accounting in the FADN system in 2016. The analysis covered the production and economic results as well as the productivity and profitability of land, labor and capital resources of farms focused on dairy cattle, swine and slaughter cattle, sheep and goats. The results of the researched farms presented in the study point to a significantly higher level of production and economic results as well as resource management efficiency in pig farms, especially in relation to farms keeping cattle for slaughter, sheep and goats, which resulted from their larger scale and intensity of production. Farms specializing in slaughter of cattle, sheep and goats obtained a negative economic result, therefore subsidies for the operation of such farms were conditioned by their positive final result and economic efficiency of resource management.
04
01
2019
68
78
10.22630/PRS.2019.19.1.6
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s68
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s68
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s68.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s68.pdf
Uwarunkowania zachowań konsumentów na rynku żywności ekologicznej
Piotr
Kułyk
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2786-4020
Piotr
Dubicki
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7812-8966
Understanding the changing needs of consumers is an important element of building a competitive advantage of the company. The aim of the article is to present consumer behavior on the local market of organic products. The article presents issues related to the organic food market. The concept of organic product was defined and characterized, control and certification of organic production as well as factors affecting food quality and demand for organic products were discussed. In addition, a survey was conducted on the local market to show the determinants of consumer behaviour on the organic food market. Based on the surveys carried out and the analysis of statistical data, it can be seen that the modern consumer is aware of what he is buying. The quality and composition of the product are the most important factors that influence the decision they make. Consumers are increasingly giving up the consumption of traditional food in favor of organic products.
04
01
2019
79
87
10.22630/PRS.2019.19.1.7
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s79
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s79
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s79.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s79.pdf
Development of the Agricultural Biogas Market in Poland – Production Volume, Feedstocks, Activities and Behaviours of Farmers
Arkadiusz
Piwowar
Wrocław University of Economics
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5676-9431
The activity and efficiency of agricultural biogas plants are important issues in the field of low-emission development in rural areas and in agribusiness. The essence of the problems concerns mainly sustainable waste management in agricultural production. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the volume of agricultural biogas production in Poland and the structure of consumption of raw materials used for production of agricultural biogas. The analyses were carried out in the period of 2011–2017. The paper also presents results of empirical research on the agricultural practices as part of the subject area of the development of the agricultural biogas market in Poland. The aim of the questionnaire surveys of agricultural holdings was to obtain information on the use of the biomass from field crops and grasslands for energy purposes and the interest in the development of agricultural production towards the cultivation of energy crops. The results of the analyses were presented in the spatial arrangement of research.
04
01
2019
88
97
10.22630/PRS.2019.19.1.8
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s88
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s88
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s88.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s88.pdf
Finansowanie przedsiębiorstw w krajach Grupy Wyszehradzkiej
Adam
Samborski
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7330-5866
The article addresses the issue of financing enterprises in the Visegrad Group countries in the years 1995-2015. The analyzes used source data derived from national accounts. On the basis of the conducted research, an increase in the self-financing level was observed in Czech, Hungarian, Polish and Slovak enterprises. A decrease in the value of net liabilities incurred was also noted. Among the reasons, a high level of gross savings in the enterprise sector and a decline in the gross fixed capital formation was indicated. The main source of external funding were three categories of financial instruments, namely loans, equity, other accounts receivable / payable. The conclusions emphasized that despite the decrease in the level of external financing, there were no significant changes in its structure.
04
01
2019
98
109
10.22630/PRS.2019.19.1.9
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s98
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s98
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s98.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s98.pdf
Kapitał obcy a potencjał wytwórczy i wyniki produkcyjno-ekonomiczne towarowych gospodarstw rolnych
Agnieszka
Strzelecka
Politechnika Koszalińska
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4803-0092
Agnieszka
Kurdyś-Kujawska
Politechnika Koszalińska
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6024-2947
Danuta
Zawadzka
Politechnika Koszalińska
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4762-9888
The aim of the research is to find an answer to the question: Does the use of debt by commodity farms contribute to the increase of production potential and improvement of production and economic conditions? The research was based on data collected as part of the Polish FADN for 2015. The research sample consisted of 12021 commodity farms, of which almost half (48.61%), apart from equity also used external sources of financing agricultural activity. To describe the features characterizing the studied entities, positional measures were used due to strong asymmetry. The U Mann-Whitney rank sum test was used to assess the significance of differences in distributions. The obtained research results indicate the existence of significant differences in production potential as well as production and economic efficiency of commodity farms financing agricultural activity with debt and farms that use only own capital. Entities that use debt to finance agricultural activities, apart from equity, are characterized by a higher production potential and obtain higher production and economic results than farms using only equity.
04
01
2019
110
119
10.22630/PRS.2019.19.1.10
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s110
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s110
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s110.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s110.pdf
The Impact of Innovation on the Global Competitiveness of Polish Meat and Dairy Enterprises
Agnieszka
Tul-Krzyszczuk
Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6732-0346
Paweł
Jankowski
Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3176-8798
The aim of the study was to analyse innovations implemented in the milk and meat industries, and their impact on increasing competitiveness. The study showed that the 2010-12 period saw the most product and process innovations being introduced. On the other hand, innovations in marketing were found to be more popular in 2013. Three groups of similar innovations were distinguished. The milk industry stood out when it comes to the extent of innovations implemented. Fewer innovations were found in the poultry meat industry. Beef and pork meat processing was the least innovative. The innovativeness of enterprises is greater with larger numbers of employees and the increase in scope of their field of operation. The implementation of innovations resulted in: improvement of the quality of goods (services), increase in stock, productive capabilities and revenues from sales, emergence of new markets, increase in competitiveness and prestige of the firm. Those are confirmed by the very good performance of foreign trade and better competitiveness rates of Polish meat producers.
04
01
2019
120
132
10.22630/PRS.2019.19.1.11
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s120
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s120
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s120.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s120.pdf
Konwergencja typu sigma cen gruntów rolnych w państwach Unii Europejskiej
Anna
Twardowska
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6079-3044
The article raises the issue of dependence between agricultural land prices in the European Union countries. The aim of the article is to provide an answer to the following question: if the level of agricultural land price differentiation in the European Union is diminishing. The analysis covered prices of agricultural land in selected the EU countries in the period 2006 - 2016. The study was based on the occurrence of convergence in three dimensions: throughout the European Union, between the so-called old EU and between the so-called new EU countries. As a result of the conducted analyses, the phenomenon of sigma-convergence of agricultural land prices across the EU was confirmed. It was also found that in the so-called new EU countries and in so-called old EU countries there is no sigma convergence of agricultural land prices.
04
01
2019
133
143
10.22630/PRS.2019.19.1.12
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s133
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s133
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s133.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s133.pdf
Federalizm fiskalny i środowiskowy a polityka rolna
Barbara
Wieliczko
Instytut Ekonomiki Rolnictwa i Gospodarki Żywnościowej – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3770-0409
The creation of an effective and efficient agricultural policy by the state is an extremely difficult task. It seems that designing proper agricultural policy becomes more difficult the larger the area. The aim of the article is to try to answer the question of what role in the creation and implementation of agricultural policy in the EU should be played by the European Commission, and by individual Member States. The answer to this question is based on the theories of fiscal and environmental federalism. The article is based on a review of literature and analysis of the optimal scope of public administration's competences in the creation and implementation of agricultural policy. The obtained results allow to determine how to optimize the division of tasks related to the agricultural policy between the levels of administration, which enables the implementation of a more effective and more efficient agricultural policy.
04
01
2019
144
152
10.22630/PRS.2019.19.1.13
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s144
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s144
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s144.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s144.pdf
Financial Sustainability and Value of Joint-Stock Companies from Food Industry in Central and Eastern Europe
Serhiy
Zabolotnyy
Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4701-0495
Natalia
Wasilewska
Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8638-4735
Mirosław
Wasilewski
Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6791-5713
The research presents the analysis of relations between financial sustainability and value of joint-stock companies from food industry in Central and Eastern Europe. Increase of volume of assets, shareholders’ equity and revenues demonstrated an improvement of financial sustainability and resulted in growing valuations of companies in the study period. Sample business entities achieved relatively high liquidity and profitability that proved their financial sustainability in terms of risk and return. At the same time rising operating profit margins and liquidity ratios determined higher enterprise value of joint-stock companies. This emphasized a positive relation between enterprise value and financial sustainability. Joint-stock companies demonstrated a robust capital structure with a minor decrease of corporate debt in 2011-2015. However changes in sources of financing could provoke a trade-off between financial sustainability and enterprise value. According to a regression model factors positively influencing enterprise value included revenue, cash and cash equivalents, operating profit, current liabilities and shareholder’s equity. Stimulating revenue and increasing operating profit as well as maintaining higher cash balances improves financial sustainability while debt extension can significantly deteriorate continuity of business.
04
01
2019
153
161
10.22630/PRS.2019.19.1.14
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s153
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s153
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s153.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s153.pdf
Fintech as a Source of Financial Innovations on the Polish Financial Services Market
Karolina
Anielak
University of Lodz
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0255-2135
The paper presents the definition of innovation, advancement and development of the Fintech sector on the global scale, with particular emphasis put on Poland. Fintechs, i.e. IT companies that provide increasingly more modern solutions for customers active on the financial markets are not fully described in the literature on the subject. The aim of the paper was to present a comprehensive definition of Fintech, show the scale of this type of ventures around the world and in Poland, and analyze the forms and potential of the cooperation of Fintech companies with financial services entities, in particular with the banks. The article uses a critical analysis of the literature of mainly English-language studies from the last 5 years, indicating the state of financial innovations and their importance on the global scale. The author analyzed statistical data from PWC Global Fintech Report, CitiGPS reports, Capgemini reports and KPMG, which enabled her to present the value of global investments in Fintech. The performed cause and effect analysis indicates that investments in the Fintech sector are becoming more and more popular, that this market will be growing due to cooperation, among others, with the banks which want to meet the requirements of their customers using more advanced technologies.
04
01
2019
162
171
10.22630/PRS.2019.19.1.15
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s162
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s162
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s162.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s162.pdf
Unknown Future of the Banking Union’s Third Pillar
Klaudia
Zielińska
University of Lodz
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3738-0468
The aim of the article is to evaluate the process of building the third pillar of the banking union. The analysis of the problem required both subject literature studies and descriptive statistics. Time scope of the analysis covers the years 2012 until 2017. The relevant data used came from the European Central Bank and the European Banking Authority. The results of the study suggest that the creation of a European Deposit Guarantee Scheme is inevitable for further financial integration in the Eurozone but more detailed conditions need to be added to its implementation plan in order to have the scheme established. This stems from both the bad financial standing of some of the euro area banks and their dependency on the sovereign debt of their home and host countries. Studies also indicate low operational readiness of the national schemes, so a transition from re-insurance onto co-insurance phase will require increased efforts of both the Member States and the banks themselves.
04
01
2019
172
179
10.22630/PRS.2019.19.1.16
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s172
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s172
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s172.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s172.pdf
Tea Production and its Forecasts, and the Possibility of Tea Cultivation in the Context of Environmental Requirements in China
Kaja
Karwowska
Medical University of Gdańsk
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7359-2164
Magdalena
Skotnicka
Medical University of Gdańsk
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0853-0685
Maria
Śmiechowska
Gdynia Maritime University
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6933-594X
The present study demonstrates the reasons for the foundation of tea plantations and conditions of their cultivation. The limitations and negative consequences of cultivation of tea plants along with the ideas for their minimization are shown. Plantations were created to optimize the harvest. However, it has been found that they negatively influence local ecosystems. The global demand for tea leaves is constantly growing. Due to the specific climate requirements of tea plants and progressive climate changes, the arable land area suitable for their cultivation is constantly decreasing. New solutions should be implemented as soon as possible, ensuring a constant supply of raw material. Otherwise, in the next few years tea may become a luxury product. FAO has presented the activities that could reduce the losses. At the moment, the best solution might be to change crop types and diversify sources of raw material. It is also highlighted that there is a need to carry out research aiming at developing varieties of Camella sinensis with lower climate requirements.
04
01
2019
180
191
10.22630/PRS.2019.19.1.17
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s180
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s180
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s180.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s180.pdf
Ocena postaw prozdrowotnych konsumentów nabywających żywność w sklepach specjalistycznych
Bożena
Grabowska
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurki w Olsztynie
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0566-3543
Monika
Radzymińska
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurki w Olsztynie
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0531-268X
The aim of the paper was to assess pro-health attitudes of consumers purchasing food in specialist stores. The type and frequency of food purchase was determined and respondents were classified due to pro-health attitude. The research was conducted using personal interview. A total of 190 interviews were gathered. The results showed that for customers of specialist stores, healthiness of consumed food is significant. They pay attention to its ingredients buying natural products with low content of preservatives, less processed. These consumers are willing to pay more for guaranteed quality products. Three clusters of pro-health attitudes representing: 22, 18 and 60% of surveyed population were distinguished. Cluster 1 was represented mostly by men who do not care about the amount of calories consumed and do not interested in knowledge about healthy eating. This group pay attention on purchased food quality, and they are able to pay more for guaranteed quality products. Whereas cluster 2 focused mainly men with moderate pro-health attitudes, not interested in expanding nutrition knowledge. The most-represented cluster of 3 was predominantly women with strong pro-health attitudes, counting consumed calories, seeking and exploring healthy eating knowledge.
04
01
2019
192
203
10.22630/PRS.2019.19.1.18
https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s192
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/article-PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s192
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s192.pdf
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https://sj.wne.sggw.pl/pdf/PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s192.pdf