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Autor	Agnieszka Brelik
Tytuł	Economic Activity of Farms Against Farms Countries of the European Union
Title
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	rural area, other gainful activity, agricultural farm
Abstrakt
Abstract	The development of an economic activity has been considered as a driving force for economic development, creating a chance to remove the rural population outside the agricultural sector. This article presents an analysis of the development of non-agricultural activities on farms in Poland and other countries in the European Union. A spatial variation in entrepreneurial farms in the EU in the years 2005, 2007 and 2010 indicated the dominant form of non-agricultural activities.
Cytowanie	Brelik A. (2016) Economic Activity of Farms Against Farms Countries of the European Union.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 16(31), z. 4: 86-91
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2016_T16(31)_n4_s86.pdf

Autor	Aleksandra Górecka
Tytuł	Transportation Costs of Containers from Asia to Europe via DCT Gdansk and Hamburg Seaports
Title
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	transport, seaport, maritime transport, intermodal transport, Hamburg, DCT Gdansk
Abstrakt
Abstract	The aim of this study was to compare the transportation costs of containers being transported from Asia to Europe via Hamburg and Gdansk seaports. Three indexes are considered to be important for a logistic operator while choosing the transport route for 20 TEU containers: costs, time, and distance. This study confirms that Deepwater Container Terminal in Gdansk transports containers more effectively.
Cytowanie	Górecka A. (2016) Transportation Costs of Containers from Asia to Europe via DCT Gdansk and Hamburg Seaports.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 16(31), z. 4: 115-122
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2016_T16(31)_n4_s115.pdf

Autor	Nataliya Horin
Tytuł	Support of Eco-innovation Projects in Agriculture: Case of Poland
Title
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	eco-innovation, agriculture, support, Poland
Abstrakt
Abstract	The study attempts to investigate Polish practices to support the eco-innovation in agriculture that ensure the sustainable development of the sector. The specificities and barriers to eco-innovative activities of agricultural enterprises were defined. The paper focuses on the analysis of the supporting mechanism of eco-innovation in Polish agriculture both on national and EU’s levels. Using the factor and SWOT analyses, the author determines the effectiveness, opportunities and challenges of Polish support of agri-ecological innovation. The relationships between the eco-innovative indicators and the level of support for farmers are also shown.
Cytowanie	Horin N. (2016) Support of Eco-innovation Projects in Agriculture: Case of Poland.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 16(31), z. 4: 123-130
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2016_T16(31)_n4_s123.pdf

Autor	Aneta Jarosz-Angowska, Magdalena Kąkol
Tytuł	Comparative Analysis of Support to Agriculture in the QUAD Countries in 1986-2014
Title
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	subsidies, agriculture, European Union, United States, Japan, Canada
Abstrakt
Abstract	The purpose of this paper is a comparative analysis of support provided to agriculture sector by the QUAD countries in 1986-2014. The authors examined the changes in levels and structures of this support and tried to assess it from the point of view of its impact on the QUAD economies and markets. In the analysis conducted there were used especially the OECD data and indexes measuring state support to agriculture including: Total Support Estimate, Producer Support Estimate, General Services Support Estimate and Consumer Support Estimate. In the last three decades in all the examined economies, there has been a reduction in agricultural support in relation to GDP, although no distinct change has occurred in terms of the amount of aid in absolute terms (in the US its value even increased almost twice). As regards the changes in structure of support, the most favorable tendencies took place in the European Union where the market price support (MPS), i.e. the most distorting aid to the functioning of the market mechanism, was significantly reduced. One can also positively assess the support structure in the United States where about half of the agricultural budget is earmarked to consumers. Canada has very good economic outcomes as regard the agriculture sector even though it allocates the least amount of financial resources to support agriculture in relation to GDP among all the QUAD economies. However, despite a large part of this support is in the form of general services (GSSE), the country is characterized by an unfavorable trend of increasing expenditure on price support. Throughout the period considered the most harmful support policy from the point of view of market competition was led by Japan though it has affected to a lesser extent the functioning of international agri-food markets due to the lower importance of Japanese agricultural production and exports in the world economy in comparison to the EU and the US.
Cytowanie	Jarosz-Angowska A., Kąkol M. (2016) Comparative Analysis of Support to Agriculture in the QUAD Countries in 1986-2014.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 16(31), z. 4: 140-154
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2016_T16(31)_n4_s140.pdf

Autor	Elżbieta Kacperska
Tytuł	Foreign Direct Investment in World Economy
Title
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	foreign direct investment, world economy, European Union
Abstrakt
Abstract	Some of the phenomena dynamically developing in global economy in recent years are capital flows in the form of foreign direct investment. The investment takes different forms and is a way of economic development desired by most countries in the world. The article aims to present tendencies occurring in global FDI flows and define their types and geographical structure.
Cytowanie	Kacperska E. (2016) Foreign Direct Investment in World Economy.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 16(31), z. 4: 155-168
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2016_T16(31)_n4_s155.pdf

Autor	Paweł Kobus
Tytuł	Inequalities in Agricultural Subsidies in European Union
Title
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	agricultural subsidies, Gini coefficient, beta convergence, CAP
Abstrakt
Abstract	The paper constitutes an attempt at comparison of subsidies level in relation to utilised agricultural area, labour force and value of production throughout EU-25 member states in years 2005 – 2013. The main objective of the paper was assessment of the level of inequalities in agricultural subsidies in European Union and evaluation of their potential trends. Using FADN data aggregated at country level the Gini coefficient was calculated for mentioned dimensions of subsidies level. Additionally sigma and beta convergence analysis were carried out for subsidies and productivity levels. The general conclusion from performed analysis was that famers in EU-10N should now perceive the subsidies level throughout EU quite fair in contrast to 2005, it is especially true in case subsidies per utilised agricultural area with drop of Gini coefficient from 0.23 to 0.15, that is by 35%. On the other hand the productivity levels are converging on much slower pace than subsidies level, for both measures of productivity the beta coefficients in convergence analysis where negative but not significant at standard 5% significance level.
Cytowanie	Kobus P. (2016) Inequalities in Agricultural Subsidies in European Union.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 16(31), z. 4: 179-187
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2016_T16(31)_n4_s179.pdf

Autor	Julian Krzyżanowski
Tytuł	The Problems of Direct Support for Plant Production in the European Union and the United States
Title
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	agriculture, Common Agriculture Policy, USA, direct payment system
Abstrakt
Abstract	The paper shows differences of opinions, on which side of Atlantic the level of support is higher. It reviews the shifts in the UE direct payments system. In the second part of the paper the American system of payments is analyzed. Some calculations of payments are added. Finally similarities and differences between the systems are being indicated.
Cytowanie	Krzyżanowski J. (2016) The Problems of Direct Support for Plant Production in the European Union and the United States.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 16(31), z. 4: 196-204
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2016_T16(31)_n4_s196.pdf

Autor	Katarzyna Łukasiewicz
Tytuł	Arrivals of Foreigners to Poland with Particular Emphasis on Visitors from Outside the Schengen Area – Characteristics and Prospects for the Future
Title
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	arrival, Poland, Schengen, tourism
Abstrakt
Abstract	Poland is very popular among foreigners. Tourism is an important part of the Polish economy. The share of tourism in GDP remains at a level of 5-6%, with employment estimated at approx. 760 thousand. People (4.7% of the total workforce), with approx. 170-200 thousand. People are employed in activities related to accommodation and food service. Proceeds from the arrivals of foreigners goes back to the year 8-9 billion euros, of which about half is the proceeds of arrivals of foreign tourists. The aim of the article is to present the characteristics of arrivals of foreigners to Poland, with particular emphasis on visitors from outside the Schengen Area. On the basis of statistical data I analysed arrivals of foreign tourists to Poland and presented the changes in the structure of those arrivals. The article also shows the diversity of tourism revenue in the period considered. For this purpose a method of "Desk Research" based on data from Central Statistical Office, Institute of Tourism, Ministry of Sport and Tourism. The article also includes the perspective of the development of inbound tourism. The article presents the results of research conducted in October 2016 in Kiev among 152 respondents. The aim of the study was to collect the information on the attractiveness of Poland for Ukrainian visitors. Convenient sampling method was used to select the survey participants. Diagnostic survey method was used in the study and the direct technique was an interview without previously prepared questions. The results confirm that Ukrainians are willing to visit Poland.
Cytowanie	Łukasiewicz K. (2016) Arrivals of Foreigners to Poland with Particular Emphasis on Visitors from Outside the Schengen Area – Characteristics and Prospects for the Future.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 16(31), z. 4: 213-222
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2016_T16(31)_n4_s213.pdf

Autor	Bogumiła Mucha-Leszko
Tytuł	Causes and Consequences of Deindustrialization in the Euro Area
Title
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	euro area, deindustrialization, labour productivity, total factor productivity
Abstrakt
Abstract	The post-industrial stage of development reached in developed countries is characterized by an increase in services' share and the progressive decline of the manufacturing share in their economies. The intensification of deindustrialization process heated up the discussion pertaining to its impact on the weakening of investment, technological progress, innovation, and a decline in labour productivity and GDP growth. The aim of the paper is to present the scale and consequences of deindustrialization in the euro area based on analysis of manufacturing and other sectors shares in the gross value added and employment in the euro area. The indicators used for the assessment of deindustrialization consequences are: labour productivity and total factor productivity (TFP) growth rates. As the outcome of conducted analysis, the author has drawn two main conclusions: 1) the decreasing importance of manufacturing limits the possibility of carrying out research projects and creating technological progress, 2) the negative TFP growth rate, declining of labour productivity growth rate in 2008-2015 and the decrease of GDP testifies to the threat of secular stagnation in the euro area.
Cytowanie	Mucha-Leszko B. (2016) Causes and Consequences of Deindustrialization in the Euro Area.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 16(31), z. 4: 240-252
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2016_T16(31)_n4_s240.pdf

Autor	Maria Parlińska, Piotr Pomichowski
Tytuł	Evaluation of Human Capital in Selected EU Countries Using Cluster Analysis
Title
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	human capital, cluster analysis, k-medoid method
Abstrakt
Abstract	The study evaluates the quality of human capital on the basis of the Eurostat data. There was also prepared a short bibliography review of the previous research which indicates various definitions of the term human capital. To evaluate its quality in selected EU countries. There was used cluster analysis – the k-medoid method. The analysis was performed for three periods: 2008, 2011 and 2014. The selected states were divided into 4 clusters, and Norway constitute a single-element group. In the other cases, it may be stated that the quality of capital may be determined through the joint economic past or historical traditions.
Cytowanie	Parlińska M., Pomichowski P. (2016) Evaluation of Human Capital in Selected EU Countries Using Cluster Analysis.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 16(31), z. 4: 253-259
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2016_T16(31)_n4_s253.pdf

Autor	Krzysztof Anusz, Janusz Bogdan, Joanna Pławińska-Czarnak, Tomasz Podlasiewski, Joanna Zarzyńska
Tytuł	Consumer Safety Awareness – How the Labelling Can Protect Health of Gluten Intolerant People
Title
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	gluten, celiac disease, gluten-free nutrition, gluten-free diet
Abstrakt
Abstract	Recent years have witnessed a growing number of people who are gluten-intolerant and whose diet cannot contain gluten (celiac disease, allergy to gluten and gluten-intolerance). Consequently, the consumers’ interest in non-gluten diet is progressively increasing. Gluten is a mixture of prolamins and glutelins, present in the cereal grains: wheat (gliadin), rye (secalin) and barley (hordein). Wide use of gluten in the food industry results from its positive influence on products’ consistency, taste and moisture preserving. Since the only effective method of gluten-related diseases treatment is a strict gluten-free diet, this study examines the market of the gluten-free carbohydrate products. A growing desire to avoid gluten is changing the whole food industry. The task was to analyze the labelling correctness of selected nutriments suitable for gluten-intolerant people. The analysis was based on the current EU and national regulations. Besides of common EU regulations and directives dedicated to food production sector and food safety, we can find specified law regulating the composition and labelling of foodstuffs suitable for people intolerant to gluten. In total, 100 food products were subjected to the analysis, divided into 5 groups of gluten-free carbohydrate products (flours, groats and rice, pastas, snacks and sweets, breads). Summarizing our research the correct labelling of analysed products was present in all examined groups. 97% of the items were labelled by a text stating they were gluten-free products. Also, the composition of the assortment did not give rise to objections to their gluten-free characteristics. 86% of the analysed gluten-free food was produced from natural free-gluten ingredients, whereas 14% was made of low-gluten wheat ingredients. 78% of the examined items were gluten-free products, bearing both text and graphic labelling as gluten-free products. 63% out of this group were products with the AOECS (Association of European Celiac Societies) certificate for safe gluten-free foodstuff.
Cytowanie	Anusz K., Bogdan J., Pławińska-Czarnak J., Podlasiewski T., Zarzyńska J. (2016) Consumer Safety Awareness – How the Labelling Can Protect Health of Gluten Intolerant People.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 16(31), z. 4: 260-271
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2016_T16(31)_n4_s260.pdf

Autor	Łukasz Popławski, Agnieszka Thier
Tytuł	Problems of Water Management in Agriculture in the World
Title
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	crisis of water supply, water deficit, retention of rainwater, irrigation of agricultural areas, overexploitation of water resources, risk of food crisis
Abstrakt
Abstract	In connection with the frequent occurrence of water deficit in Central Poland and the growth of the phenomena of droughts and stepping formation (and desertification in southern Europe), the studies undertaken by hydrologists and representatives of agricultural scientists should be extended and stepping formation and desertification economics should be separated in these studies. Therefore, the evaluation of the management strategies in the conditions of water deficit, undertaken in agriculture, power engineering and other sectors of the economy as well as the search of suitable sources of water management financing should be brought to the forefront as they are specific in Poland due to functioning of ecological funds.
Cytowanie	Popławski Ł., Thier A. (2016) Problems of Water Management in Agriculture in the World.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 16(31), z. 4: 293-300
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2016_T16(31)_n4_s293.pdf

Autor	Agnieszka Tłuczak
Tytuł	Changes in the Structure of Agricultural Production in the European Union with Particular Emphasis on Poland and Latvia
Title
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	structure of agricultural production, European Union
Abstrakt
Abstract	Many of phenomena, their growth or trend, are dependent on the interactions between neighboring areas. Model of shift-share analysis represent a growth rate (rate of change) of the different options phenomenon by taking into account the phenomenon of increase in the neighbouring area. The aim of the study is to analyze the changes in the commodity structure of agricultural production in the European Union according to the selected types of agricultural products using of shifts share analysis. The study assesses the rate of change the size of the phenomenon and identified and estimated the share of structural, sectoral and regional (local spatial) in the size of the effect of the global (agricultural production in the European Union overall) in the EU countries.
Cytowanie	Tłuczak A. (2016) Changes in the Structure of Agricultural Production in the European Union with Particular Emphasis on Poland and Latvia.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 16(31), z. 4: 301-307
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2016_T16(31)_n4_s301.pdf

Autor	Mykola Orlykovskyi, Natalia Poprozman, Mirosław Wasilewski, Lesia Zaburanna
Tytuł	Methodological Aspects of Creating the System of Indicators of Crisis Prevention as the Foundation for Stabilization of Agricultural Production Based on Ukrainian Experience
Title
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	indicators of crisis, agricultural production, stabilization, crisis prevention, economic development, agrarian economy
Abstrakt
Abstract	The article deals with the methodological principles of determining the indicators of the economic development of agricultural production, which are based on the requirements of the EU Common Agricultural Policy and which will identify the possibility of crises both in agriculture and its sub-sectors, as well as the national economy as a whole. The system which is reacting to the crisis indicators and allows assessment of the stability of economic development of agricultural production was proposed. Analytical approaches to diagnosis prehistory development and identify indicators – reacting to the crisis indicators by analyzing and evaluating indexes of dynamics in periods of stability (relatively stable path of development) and the crisis (sharp kink economic dynamics) and graphically analytical method of determination. For sectors show synthetic indicators (agricultural production, the level of monetization of the economy, import-export ratio) that serve as functional criteria for identify in previous periods of force majeure or crisis as precursor’s crisis.
Cytowanie	Orlykovskyi M., Poprozman N., Wasilewski M., Zaburanna L. (2016) Methodological Aspects of Creating the System of Indicators of Crisis Prevention as the Foundation for Stabilization of Agricultural Production Based on Ukrainian Experience.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 16(31), z. 4: 308-321
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2016_T16(31)_n4_s308.pdf

Autor	Lucyna Błażejczyk-Majka
Tytuł	Polskie gospodarstwa mleczne w rankingu efektywności technicznej gospodarstw unijnych z wykorzystaniem modelu SE-CCR
Title	Polish Dairy Farms in the Ranking of Technical Efficiency of EU Farms Using the SE-CCR Model
Słowa kluczowe	analiza DEA, model nadefektywności, model SE-CCR, efektywność techniczna, rolnictwo unijne, produkcja mleka
Key words	DEA analysis, superefficiency model, SE-CCR model, technical efficiency, EU farming, milk production
Abstrakt	W pracy przestawiono zastosowanie analizy DEA, a w szczególności modelu SE-CCR, do budowy rankingów efektywności unijnych gospodarstw specjalizujących się w produkcji mleka. Wykorzystano dane statystyczne publikowane przez agendę FADN. Efektywność techniczną przeciętnych gospodarstw mlecznych poszczególnych krajów członkowskich UE wyznaczono ze względu na trzy rodzaje produktów w nich wytwarzanych, dzięki zaangażowaniu czterech podstawowych czynników produkcji. W efekcie badania wykazano, że polskie gospodarstwa mleczne w 2013r. prowadziły produkcję w sposób efektywny, niemniej jednak znalazły się one dopiero na 18 miejscu w rankingu efektywności produkcji mleka 23 państw unijnych.
Abstract	The study presents the application of DEA analysis, particularly the SE-CCR model, to construct efficiency rankings of EU farms specializing in milk production. The analysis was based on statistical data published by FADN. Technical efficiency of average dairy farms in individual EU countries was determined for three types of their products using four basic factors of production. The analysis showed that production of Polish dairy farms in 2013 was efficient; nevertheless, these farms ranked only 18th in the ranking of milk production efficiency among 23 EU countries.
Cytowanie	Błażejczyk-Majka L. (2016) Polskie gospodarstwa mleczne w rankingu efektywności technicznej gospodarstw unijnych z wykorzystaniem modelu SE-CCR.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 16(31), z. 3: 20-34
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2016_T16(31)_n3_s20.pdf

Autor	Eugenia Czernyszewicz
Tytuł	Uwarunkowania i perspektywy rozwoju biogospodarki w Unii Europejskiej
Title	Conditions and Prospects of the Development of the Bio economy in the European Union
Słowa kluczowe	biogospodarka, czynniki rozwoju, Unia Europejska
Key words	bioeconomy, growth factors, European Union
Abstrakt	Obecnie świat stoi w obliczu wielu wyzwań społecznych o charakterze globalnym jak zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego, zmiany klimatu, wyczerpywanie zasobów naturalnych. Biogospodarka jako strategiczna forma działania oparta na wiedzy może sprostać tym wyzwaniom. Celem pracy było określenie uwarunkowań i perspektyw rozwoju biogospodarki w Unii Europejskiej. Przedmiotem opracowania jest biogospodarka, jej podstawy, cele, strategia, znaczenie oraz możliwości i ograniczenia rozwoju w UE. Źródło informacji stanowiły akty prawne i dokumenty Komisji Europejskiej, OECD oraz literatura przedmiotu. W pracy wykorzystano metodę przeglądu i krytycznej analizy materiałów źródłowych. Stwierdzono, że rozwojowi biogospodarki będzie sprzyjać efektywna współpraca różnych środowisk i podmiotów na rzecz wdrażania wyników badań i rozwoju proinnowacyjnej polityki.
Abstract	At present the world is facing many global social challenges like food security, climate change and depletion of natural resources. Bioeconomy as a strategic form of action based on knowledge can meet these challenges. The aim of the study was to determine the conditions and prospects of the development of the bioeconomy in the European Union. The subject of the study is the bio-economy, its base, objectives, strategy, importance and the possibilities and limitations of its development in the EU. Sources of information were legal acts and documents of the European Commission, the OECD and literature. The work used the method of review and critical analysis of source materials. It was found that the development of the bioeconomy will foster effective cooperation of various groups and stakeholders for the implementation of the results of research and development of pro-innovation policies.
Cytowanie	Czernyszewicz E. (2016) Uwarunkowania i perspektywy rozwoju biogospodarki w Unii Europejskiej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 16(31), z. 3: 49-56
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2016_T16(31)_n3_s49.pdf

Autor	Katarzyna Domańska, Anna Nowak
Tytuł	Pozycja konkurencyjna państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej w handlu zagranicznym produktami rolno-spożywczymi
Title	The Competitive Position of European Union Member States in Foreign Trade in Agri-food Products
Słowa kluczowe	Unia Europejska, sektor rolno-spożywczy, konkurencyjność, handel zagraniczny
Key words	European Union, agri-food sector, competitiveness, foreign trade
Abstrakt	Celem opracowania jest ocena pozycji konkurencyjnej państw członkowskich UE w handlu zagranicznym produktami rolno-spożywczymi w latach 2004, 2009 i 2014. Znaczenie tych badań wynika z faktu, że handel zagraniczny stanowi największą i najważniejszą część międzynarodowych stosunków gospodarczych. Analizę przeprowadzono w oparciu o następujące wskaźniki pozycji w międzynarodowej wymianie towarowej: indeks relatywnej komparatywnej przewagi eksportu (RCA), wskaźnik pokrycia importu eksportem (Lafaya) oraz wskaźnik handlu wewnątrzgałęziowego (Grubela-Lloyda). W pracy wykorzystano dane EUROSTAT. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że w badanych latach najwyższą pozycję konkurencyjną wśród nowych państw członkowskich UE w handlu zagranicznym produktami rolno-spożywczymi osiągała Litwa, Bułgaria, Polska i Łotwa. Spośród państw „starej 15” zdecydowanym liderem okazała się Holandia.
Abstract	This paper identifies and examines the competitive position of European Union member states in foreign trade in agri-food products in 2004, 2009 and 2014. The survey is significant because foreign trade is the greatest and most important part of international economic relations. An analysis was carried out based upon indicators of the position in international goods exchange as follows: Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA), export-import coverage ratio (Lafaya) and index of intra-industry trade (Grubela-Lloyda). The paper used data from EUROSTAT. The survey showed that in the examined years the following countries gained the highest competitive position among new member states of EU in foreign trade in agri-food products: Lithuania, Bulgaria, Poland and Latvia. Among the countries of the “old 15” member states, Holland was the leader.
Cytowanie	Domańska K., Nowak A. (2016) Pozycja konkurencyjna państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej w handlu zagranicznym produktami rolno-spożywczymi.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 16(31), z. 3: 67-76
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2016_T16(31)_n3_s67.pdf

Autor	Danuta Guzal-Dec
Tytuł	Europejska Polityka Sąsiedztwa – ewolucja i współczesne wyzwania wobec rozwoju euroregionów na zewnętrznych granicach UE (w Polsce)
Title	European Neighbourhood Policy – Evolution and Present Challenges Towards the Development of Euroregions on the EU's External Borders (in Poland)
Słowa kluczowe	Europejska Polityka Sąsiedztwa, współpraca transgraniczna, euroregiony
Key words	European Neighbourhood Policy, cross-border cooperation, euroregions
Abstrakt	Celem artykułu było przedstawienie genezy i ewolucji Europejskiej Polityki Sąsiedztwa (EPS) oraz oceny jej wpływu na rozwój euroregionów położonych na zewnętrznych granicach UE w Polsce. Realizacji celu służyła analiza literatury przedmiotu, dokumentów strategicznych UE, desk research oraz sondaż diagnostyczny z wykorzystaniem kwestionariusza ankiety skierowanej do dyrektorów sekretariatów euroregionów: Bug, Karpackiego, Puszcza Białowieska i Niemen. Wśród zakładanych przez UE efektów wdrażania EPS w odniesieniu do regionów transgranicznych można wymienić m.in.: wzmocnienie interakcji transgranicznych, poprawę jakości życia mieszkańców czy rozwój infrastruktury granicznej. W praktyce, zwłaszcza w przypadku euroregionów położonych na wschodniej granicy UE, przeważa orientacja społeczna projektów. Niskie nakłady na EPS uniemożliwiają redukcję asymetrii w dostępie do środków finansowania współpracy po zewnętrznej stronie granicy i utrudniają podejmowanie wspólnych projektów i uzyskiwanie znaczących efektów współpracy, co przyczynia się do braku akceptacji pojmowania granicy jako szansy rozwojowej.
Abstract	The aim of the article was to present the genesis and the evolution of the European Neighbourhood Policy (EPS) and the assessment of its impact on the development of euroregions located on the external borders of the EU in Poland. The implementation of the aim was based on literature analysis, strategic documents of the EU, desk research and diagnostic survey using a questionnaire addressed to the directors of the secretariats of the euroregions: Bug, Karpacki, Puszcza Białowieska, Niemen. The anticipated effects of the implementation of the EPS with respect to cross-border regions are strengthening of cross-border interactions, improving the quality of life and the development of border infrastructure. In practice, especially in the case of euroregions situated on the eastern border of the EU, social orientation of projects is predominant. Low expenditure on EPS prevents the reduction of asymmetries in access to funding of cooperation on the external side of the border and makes it difficult to undertake joint projects and obtain significant results of cooperation, which contributes to the lack of acceptance of the perception of the border as a development opportunity.
Cytowanie	Guzal-Dec D. (2016) Europejska Polityka Sąsiedztwa – ewolucja i współczesne wyzwania wobec rozwoju euroregionów na zewnętrznych granicach UE (w Polsce).Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 16(31), z. 3: 87-100
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2016_T16(31)_n3_s87.pdf

Autor	Joanna Jaroszewska, Konrad Prandecki
Tytuł	Znaczenie "zazielenienia" w zapewnieniu różnorodności biologicznej
Title	The Importance of "Greening" in Ensuring Biological Diversity
Słowa kluczowe	„zazielenienie”, bioróżnorodność, dobra publiczne, efekty zewnętrzne
Key words	"greening", biodiversity, public goods, external effects
Abstrakt	Rolnictwo dostarcza społeczeństwu zarówno dóbr wycenianych przez rynek (produkcja żywności) jak i dóbr publicznych, które nie są wycenione w rachunku ekonomicznym rolnictwa. Przykładem takich dóbr jest zachowanie bioróżnorodności, krajobrazu rolniczego, bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego. Aby rolnictwo dostarczało wyżej wymienionych dóbr publicznych oraz społecznych niezbędne wydaje się oddziaływanie państwa. Konieczność ingerencji państwa w tym zakresie należy łączyć z zawodnością rynku oraz z prywatnością czynników produkcji. Sposób gospodarowania tymi czynnikami (wodą, ziemią) jest uzależniony od rolnika, który zazwyczaj kieruje się uzyskaniem maksymalnego zysku z posiadanych zasobów. Aby zminimalizować krótkowzroczne podejście do produkcji rolniczej, wprowadzono szereg ograniczeń dotyczących praktyk rolniczych w tym służących zapewnieniu bioróżnorodności. Celem artykułu jest próba określenia wpływu mechanizmu "zazielenienia" na zapewnienie różnorodności biologicznej.
Abstract	The importance of biodiversity for agriculture is huge, among others, due to the productivity of agricultural land and crops stability. Agriculture can have positive or negative impact on ensuring biodiversity. The decisive factor is the state, which through mechanisms may promote agricultural supply of public goods, including biodiversity. One of the instruments of state influence on agriculture is the "greening" of the CAP. The aim of the article is an attempt to assess the importance of this instrument for ensuring biodiversity. It is estimated that the impact will be uneven due to the large diversity of agriculture in the EU. The result will be dependent on the decision of farmers due to the high flexibility of the requirements. The negative impact on biodiversity of the greening is also possible in countries exporting food to the EU.
Cytowanie	Jaroszewska J., Prandecki K. (2016) Znaczenie "zazielenienia" w zapewnieniu różnorodności biologicznej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 16(31), z. 3: 110-120
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2016_T16(31)_n3_s110.pdf

Autor	Karolina Jąder
Tytuł	Polski handel zagraniczny owocami i ich przetworami w latach 2001-2015
Title	Polish Foreign Trade of Fruits and Their Preserves in Poland in the years 2001-2015
Słowa kluczowe	owoce, przetwory owocowe, eksport, import
Key words	fruits, fruit preserves, export, import
Abstrakt	Celem opracowania było przedstawienie i ocena zmian w handlu zagranicznym owocami i ich przetworami w latach 2001-2015. Zbadano wielkość oraz wartość eksportu i importu owoców świeżych i ich przetworów oraz obliczono saldo handlu zagranicznego tymi produktami. W celu zobrazowania zmian analizowany okres podzielono na cztery podokresy. Przy zastosowaniu wskaźników dynamiki określono zmiany jakie zaszły w ilości i wartości eksportu i importu w kolejnych podokresach w stosunku do lat ich poprzedzających. Wydzielenie czterech podokresów umożliwiło również zdefiniowanie zmian w strukturze towarowej i geograficznej handlu zagranicznego. Stwierdzono wzrost wielkości, a w szczególności wartości eksportu i importu. Wyższy wzrost zaobserwowano jednak w przypadku eksportu, a w szczególności w przypadku sprzedaży zagranicznej jabłek. W strukturze geograficznej eksportu spadło znaczenie krajów UE-15, natomiast wzrósł udział Wspólnoty Niepodległych Państw. Nie odnotowano natomiast znaczących zmian w strukturze geograficznej importu.
Abstract	The aim of the study was to present changes in the Polish foreign trade of fruit and fruit preserves in the years 2001-2015. The quantity and the value of the export and the import of fresh fruit and their preserves were researched. The balance of foreign trade was also calculated. To illustrate the changes the analyzed period was divided into four sub-periods, for which the dynamics of changes was calculated. Within the sub-periods the export and import was presented in terms of their quantity, values and geographical structure. It was found out that in the analyzed period the volume and especially the value of the export and the import increased. The increase in export was higher and the biggest growth was seen in the export of apples. In the geographical structure of the export the importance of the EU-15 dropped and the share of the export of the CIS states grew. There were no major changes in the geographical structure of the import.
Cytowanie	Jąder K. (2016) Polski handel zagraniczny owocami i ich przetworami w latach 2001-2015.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 16(31), z. 3: 130-141
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2016_T16(31)_n3_s130.pdf