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Autor	Iwona Kowalska
Tytuł	Projektowane zmiany w finansowaniu jednostek samorządu terytorialnego - ocena kierunkowych założeń
Title	PROPOSED CHANGES IN THE FINANCING OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS - EVALUATION OF DIRECTIONAL ASSUMPTIONS
Słowa kluczowe	finanse, samorząd, budżet, zmiana, legislacja
Key words	finance, local government, budget, change, legislation
Abstrakt	Celem artykułu jest ocena kierunkowych założeń projektowanych zmian legislacyjnych w finansowaniu JST pod kątem ich potencjalnych konsekwencji dla budżetów JST. Zastosowano metodę analizy dokumentów tj. zgłoszonych w 2017 r. propozycji zmian legislacyjnych w finansowaniu JST. Z przeprowadzonej analizy wynika, iż:Przekształcenia zadań zleconych z zakresu administracji rządowej, mających charakter zadań stałych, w zadania własne JST mogą utrwalić negatywne konsekwencje dla budżetów JST z tytułu braku rzetelnej wyceny realizacji tych zadań. Zmiany w zakresie naliczania indywidualnego wskaźnika zadłużenia JST mogą wpłynąć na zwiększenie bezpieczeństwa finansowego samorządów, ale mogą także spowodować ograniczenie ich możliwości inwestycyjnych. Przekształcenia ustawowe transferu subwencyjnego na dotacyjny ograniczają samodzielność finansową JST w realizacji ich zadań własnych.
Abstract	The aim of this paper is to evaluate the directional assumptions of proposed legislative changes in the financing of local government units (LGUs) in terms of their potential consequences for LGUs’ budgets. The conducted study involved a document analysis method, i.e. the analysis of the draft legislative changes in the financing of LGUs proposed in 2017. The analysis showed that: Transformation of commissioned tasks in the scope of government administration, having the character of permanent tasks, into the LGU’s own tasks can consolidate negative consequences for LGU budgets due to the lack of a reliable valuation of these tasks. Changes in the calculation of LGU’s individual debt ratio may result in the increased financial security of local governments, but may also limit their investment opportunities. The statutory transformation of a subvention transfer into a subsidy limits the independence of LGUs in the implementation of their own tasks.
Cytowanie	Kowalska I. (2018) Projektowane zmiany w finansowaniu jednostek samorządu terytorialnego - ocena kierunkowych założeń.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 19(68): 83-94
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2018_n68_s83.pdf

Autor	Grzegorz Sobiecki
Tytuł	Metoda analizy konsekwencji zmiany wysokości podatku akcyzowego od piwa dla budżetu państwa
Title	Simple method of comprehensive assessment of the consequences of the change in the excise tax on beer for the state budget
Słowa kluczowe	akcyza, wpływy budżetowe, rynek piwa, metoda szacowania
Key words	excise tax, budget revenues, beer market, estimation method
Abstrakt	W artykule autor przedstawia nieskomplikowaną, pośrednią metodę szacowania wielokanałowego wpływu zmian podatku akcyzowego na piwo na łączne wpływy państwowego budżetu w Polsce, korzystając z publicznie dostępnych danych. Kanały, które obejmuje metoda, to zmiany wpływów z podatków VAT, PIT, CIT oraz akcyzy na piwo oraz substytuty (głównie wódkę), pochodzących od producentów, pośredników sprzedaży piwa i substytutów oraz producentów surowców, usług oraz produktów pośrednich wykorzystanych do produkcji piwa.
Abstract	In this article the author derives a simple, indirect method to estimate a multi-channel influence of changes in excise tax on beer on state budget revenues in Poland, which uses publicly accessible statistical data. The channels included are changes of VAT, PIT, CIT and direct excise tax revenues of beer and substitutes (mainly vodka) paid by producers, retailers, wholesalers, gastronomy as well as of producers of raw materials, service and supplies providers for brewing beer.
Cytowanie	Sobiecki G. (2018) Metoda analizy konsekwencji zmiany wysokości podatku akcyzowego od piwa dla budżetu państwa.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 121: 5-24
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2018_n121_s5.pdf

Autor	Katarzyna Kita
Tytuł	Zmiany samowystarczalności żywnościowej wybranych krajów azjatyckich
Title	Changes in food self-suffi ciency of selected Asian countries
Słowa kluczowe	samowystarczalność żywnościowa, spożycie produktów rolno-żywnościowych, ryż, ASEAN
Key words	food self-suffi ciency, agri-food consumption, rice, ASEAN
Abstrakt	Celem artykułu jest określenie zmian poziomu samowystarczalności żywnościowej w krajach ASEAN, definiowanej jako relacja między krajowym zużyciem a produkcją z wyodrębnieniem konsumpcji poszczególnych artykułów rolno-spożywczych. Z uwagi na uwarunkowania historyczne, geograficzne i kulturowe ryż jest w centrum zainteresowania rządów krajów ASEAN. Tylko w Tajlandii, Wietnamie i Kambodży wskaźnik samowystarczalności przewyższał 100%. Z kolei we wszystkich krajach członkowskich produkcja zaspokajała potrzeby rynku wewnętrznego w zakresie roślin cukrodajnych. Stosunkowo największe braki w produkcji odnotowano w odniesieniu do mleka. Zaobserwowano także wzrost spożycia produktów rolno-spożywczych zarówno pochodzenia roślinnego (z wyjątkiem zbóż, roślin okopowych), jak i zwierzęcego. Przy czym większą dynamiką charakteryzowała się konsumpcja tych ostatnich. Odnotowany rosnący popyt na produkty pochodzenia zwierzęcego jest efektem szybkiego rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego krajów ASEAN, w ślad za którym następują zmiany w strukturze konsumpcji żywności w kierunku wzorców obserwowanych w krajach rozwiniętych.
Abstract	The aim of the article is to discuss changes food self-sufficiency in ASEAN countries, defined as the proportion of domestic consumption to domestic production. With regard to rice, which due to historical, geographical and cultural conditions is the focus of the governments of all member countries in ASEAN, only in Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia the self-sufficiency rate exceeded 100%. In turn, in all Member States, production has met the needs of the internal markets in the field of sugar crops. Relatively biggest shortages of production were noticed for milk. An increase in the consumption of agri-food products of both vegetable origin and animal products was observed. But the consumption of the latter was more dynamic. The growing demand for products of animal origin is the result of rapid socio-economic development of ASEAN countries, followed by changes in the structure of food consumed towards patterns observed in developed countries.
Cytowanie	Kita K. (2018) Zmiany samowystarczalności żywnościowej wybranych krajów azjatyckich.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 121: 55-70
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2018_n121_s55.pdf

Autor	Wojciech Józwiak, Zofia Mirkowska, Wojciech Ziętara
Tytuł	ROLE OF LARGER FARMS IN POLAND AND SELECTED EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES IN 2005 AND 2016
Title
Słowa kluczowe	farms, UAA, agricultural production
Key words
Abstrakt	The rates of increase in labour costs in non-agricultural sections and prices of means of production for agriculture, which are higher than selling prices of agricultural products in countries with a market economy have resulted in a decrease in unit profitability of agricultural production. Farmers wishing to obtain a satisfactory income must increase their production scale, mainly by increasing farm area. The study covers two intentionally selected groups of countries differing with regard to economic development specified by gross domestic product (GDP) value per capita. The reason for this selection is the dependence of the farms’ economic strength on the national economy level of analysed countries. The first group of countries with a high level of this indicator (GDP) includes: Denmark, Sweden, Ireland, the Netherlands, Austria, Germany, Belgium, Great Britain and France. The second group covers – Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria. Analyses covered the changes in average farm area, share of farms with an area of 30 ha of UAA or more in the total number of farms, land use, employment and standard production in 2005 and 2016. In both groups, the following increased in the analysed period: the average farm area and share of larger farms in land use and production. In the majority of analysed countries, the share of farms with an area of 100 ha or more, when it comes to production, exceeded 50%.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Józwiak W., Mirkowska Z., Ziętara W.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s28.pdf

Autor	Maiga Kruzmetra, Baiba Rivza
Tytuł	ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AS ONE OF THE SMART AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN RURAL TERRITORIES
Title
Słowa kluczowe	rural territories; sustainable development; economic activities
Key words
Abstrakt	Rural territory is an important part of the community’s living space, moreover, it is a living space for sustainable and smart development. With the growing public demand for a healthy living environment and healthy food, the role of rural territory as a living space for community and the necessity to maintain its sustainable development is increasing. However, the sustainability of rural territories as a living space will be preserved only when residents are ready for changes and if national institutions and local governments are promoting trends politically and practically. The aim of the research: to examine economic activity in the rural areas of Latvia with regard to promoting the sustainable and smart development direction during 2009–2016 and to assess the results achieved. An analysis of the information on entrepreneurship expansion used in the research allows making a number of conclusions. Even though Latvia has the lowest competitiveness rating among Poland, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, at the same time, it is characterized by the highest growth rates and small distances among these countries. The reduction of these differences was significantly influenced by economic activity expansion, including the knowledge economy segment in Latvia. The growth of the economy in the rural territories surpasses the growth rates in major cities. The rural space has confirmed its suitability for the innovative functioning and growth of the economy.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Kruzmetra M., Rivza B.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s48.pdf

Autor	Kateryna Voloshchuk, Yuliia Voloshchuk, Vitaliy Voloshchuk
Tytuł	INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	innovation, innovative development, strategy, digital economy
Key words
Abstrakt	It is determined that in economic science there is no single approach to the interpretation of the concept of ‘innovation’. It is suggested that taking into account the radical changes that are in the world economy today it is necessary to use the extended concept of innovation, which should be understood as the results of the development transformation, research, ideas and their combination into a radically new or improved technological, economic, social solution, the results of which can be applied in practice. The main indicators that determine the level of innovation development of a country or region and provide an opportunity to determine the impact on economic development are covered. The place of Ukraine in such ratings according to indicators of innovative development in 2017, 2018 and problems that cause their low level are defined. The improvement directions of the innovative development level of the country are defined and the real steps taken by the government of the country to correct the negative trends through the introduction of digital transformation of the country’s economy, the transition from raw material to high-tech production and the basis of innovative IT technologies and communications are shown.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Voloshchuk K., Voloshchuk Y., Voloshchuk V.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s62.pdf

Autor	Agnieszka Borowska
Tytuł	OPPORTUNITIES AND BARRIERS REGARDING THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL BEAN PRODUCTION WITH GEOGRAPHICAL CERTIFICATION IN POLAND
Title
Słowa kluczowe	regional beans, production, price
Key words
Abstrakt	The objective of the study is to present opportunities and barriers concerning the development of regional bean production with geographical indication and designation of origin, in Poland, in 2012-2017. The specificity, scale and conditions of production of three Polish regional bean species are described including the background of changes in the area cultivated with bean, its yield, production and development of buying-in prices. Attention is drawn to objective and subjective factors slowing down the certification process of leguminous crop production in accordance with producer specification. Information from the following databases has been used in the study: FAOSTAT, Eurostat, GUS (Central Statistical Office), JIHARS (Agricultural and Food Quality Inspection), as well as the following associations of regional bean producers (Association of Climbing Bean ‘Piękny Jaś’ Producers in Wrzawy, Association of Bean Producers in Nowy Korczyn, Cooperative ‘Dolina Dunajca’ and LAG (Local Action Group) ‘Biała-Dunajec’). The niche character and small previous production volume mean that regional beans PDO and PGI are only available in season for a small group of consumers. Little interest from producers of production certification makes it difficult to recognize that this pro-development activity is rather amateur at the current stage of building the regional food market in Poland.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Borowska A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s133.pdf

Autor	Bruno Chiarini, Antonella Dagostino, Elisabetta Marzano, Andrea Regoli
Tytuł	SUSTAINABILITY IN URBAN VS. RURAL AREAS: A COMPARISON OF SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE INDICATORS ACROSS EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Title
Słowa kluczowe	perception of pollution, concentration of particulate matter, cross-country comparison
Key words
Abstrakt	In this paper, starting from the approach described in Chiarini et al. (2017), who have provided a subjective measure of the environmental impact of cities (subjective EIC) at the country level, we extend the analysis comparing their indicator with the objective measure of the environmental impact of cities (objective EIC) suggested by Agenda 2030, namely mean levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10). The comparison between subjective and objective indicators of the EIC is a novelty in the panorama of the available studies, and provides useful results for policy analysis. In fact, the relative ranking of countries changes according to the metric adopted, and the analysis of association with macroeconomic indicators of development and growth reveal that subjective and objective EIC indicators might influence/be influenced by different macrofactors.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Chiarini B., Dagostino A., Marzano E., Regoli A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s140.pdf

Autor	Eugeniusz Niedzielski
Tytuł	SIGNS AND TRENDS IN SOCIOECONOMIC CHANGES IN RURAL AREAS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	rural areas, functions of rural areas, economic and social changes
Key words
Abstrakt	This paper analyses the scope and the main directions of economic and social changes occurring in rural areas including, among others, the declining role of agriculture and the growth of non-agricultural activity. Although employment in agriculture is decreasing, the population of people in rural areas is on the rise, while the general population continues to decline. In general, these phenomena have been caused by nationwide deurbanisation and re ruralisation (the influx of residents to rural areas). The cumulative effect of these changes is the transformation of rural areas, especially those which are suburban or attractive due to their natural environment, which are losing their agrarian character.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Niedzielski E.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s149.pdf

Autor	Alicja Baranowska, Stanisław Kondracki, Daniel Rogoznicki
Tytuł	COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY AS A DETERMINANT OF TRANSFORMATION IN POLISH AGRICULTURE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	rural areas, Common Agricultural Policy, direct payments
Key words
Abstrakt	The impact assessment of the Common Agricultural Policy on transformation process of Polish agriculture following Poland’s accession to European Union has been carried out. The analysis took into account the changes of the Common Agricultural Policy in terms of goals and the directions of its evolution. In the paper the alterations in land, labour and capital resources of Polish agriculture were also analysed. It has been established that funds coming from the Community budget allowed Polish agriculture to adjust to the requirement of new environment. Integration into the European Union has created good conditions to dynamic development of the agri-food sector as a whole. Acceleration of the modernization and restructuring processes of Polish farms has taken place. These developments have resulted in a reduction in the total number of farms (by 52%) at the simultaneous rise in their average area (by 78%). Union financial measures have also influenced on generational renewal amongst farms managers. The funds considerably enhanced farmers’ incomes, which increased by 156%, thus promoting expenditure on investments. As a result the improvement of technical utilities of farms has been achieved. Consequently, labour productivity growth in Polish agriculture has also been recorded. A wide range of measures within the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy enables to overcome many obstacles of the rural areas in Poland. It also creates possibilities to take advantage of naturally occurring assets in order to effectively compete on the external market.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Baranowska A., Kondracki S., Rogoznicki D.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s168.pdf

Autor	Katarzyna Boratyńska
Tytuł	CHANGES OF BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS: IMPLICATIONS FOR AGRIBUSINESS SECTOR
Title
Słowa kluczowe	bankruptcy, restructuring proceedings, agribusiness sector
Key words
Abstrakt	Corporate bankruptcy generates the externalities that affect also agribusiness and local communities. Economies around the world have undertaken reforms aimed at improving their insolvency systems. The majority of the countries including Poland focused on introducing or strengthening reorganization mechanisms. The aim of this study was to present the changes of bankruptcy proceedings that support agribusiness entities survival from economic perspective. This study indicates also the role and support of the State in the restructuring proceedings creation. This is a conceptual article. The methods include comparative and descriptive analysis. As a result, restructuring proceedings provide an opportunity for a debtor to avoid declaration of bankruptcy through enabling him return to going concern status.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Boratyńska K.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s188.pdf

Autor	Romana Głowicka-Wołoszyn, Teresa Oliveira, Joanna Stanisławska, Andrzej Wołoszyn
Tytuł	REGIONAL DISPARITIES OF INCOME SITUATION AMONG RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COHESION POLICY IN POLAND
Title
Słowa kluczowe	household income, household affluence, income inequality, rural households
Key words
Abstrakt	The aim of the study was to assess regional income disparities among rural households in Poland in 2005, 2010 and 2015. Simultaneous analysis of changes in affluence and its inequality allowed for a deeper look at the convergence processes in the context of the cohesion policy. The research drew on microdata from the Household Budget Surveys conducted by the Central Statistical Office (GUS). Household income situation or its affluence was proxied by total expenditure. Between 2005 and 2015, despite rising affluence and falling overall inequality, the divergence processes were found to prevail.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Głowicka-Wołoszyn R., Oliveira T., Stanisławska J., Wołoszyn A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s194.pdf

Autor	Sławomir Stec, Monika Szeląg
Tytuł	INNOVATION AND RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES IN PODKARPACKIE VOIVODESHIP IN THE YEARS 2005–2016
Title
Słowa kluczowe	entrepreneurship, innovation, innovative company, innovation management, innovation processes, service innovation, technological innovation
Key words
Abstrakt	The article describes the activities related to running innovative activities and presents the dynamics of changes in expenditure on research and development as well as innovation in Podkarpackie Voivodeship in the years 2005–2016. Following article consist short characteristic of activities connected with innovation issue. It was found that the number of entities conducting R&D activities increased four times, and thus the employment of people dealing with research and development would grow as well. Similarly, the expenditure of these entities on the implementation of innovations increased, which, however, depended to some extent on the availability of EU funds. Thereby, in the period of reduced access to EU programs supporting the conduct of R&D activity, the expenditure of entities on these activities also slightly decreased.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Stec S., Szeląg M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s243.pdf

Autor	Yuriy Klapkiv, Yaroslav Kostetskyi, Petro Putsenteilo
Tytuł	MODERN CHALLENGES OF AGRARIAN BUSINESS IN UKRAINE ON THE WAY TO EUROPE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	agrarian sector, agro-industrial complex, agricultural enterprises, institutional structures, EU, economic policy, export
Key words
Abstrakt	It is established that the Ukrainian agrarian sector in recent years suffered quite serious reformational impacts on the institutional environment of the functioning of economic actors, in particular the influence of regulators on the transformation of agricultural development. It is substantiated that under institutional transformations it is appropriate to understand the changes that occur as part of the creation of new rules of conduct of participants, containing a specific mechanism for ensuring compliance with these rules, as well as improving organizational and economic regulators within the existing set of rules for all participants It is determined that the institutional system is a structured set of interrelated informal rules that determine, on the one hand, a system of incentives for increasing the efficiency of interaction between subjects of the agrarian economy, and, on the other hand, restricts the activities of economic agents, which create a certain framework for implementation their target functions in accordance with the law and public interests.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Klapkiv Y., Kostetskyi Y., Putsenteilo P.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s250.pdf

Autor	Agata Balińska, Piotr Gabryjończyk, Anna Sieczko, Jan Zawadka
Tytuł	MODERN CHALLENGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN RURAL AREAS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	agritourism, rural areas, development
Key words
Abstrakt	The purpose of the article is to indicate the most important challenges for the development of rural tourism in Poland. Attention is also paid to the research problems in the field of the studied issues identified during the scientific activity of employees of the Division of Tourism and Country Development, Faculty of Economic Sciences at Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW. The research method was the analysis of scientific articles published by the employees of the Department. The complexity of the issue of exploring the demand and supply side of rural tourism was indicated. Also, the most interesting or symptomatic elements for the further development of the scale and character of the described phenomenon were noted. In the forefront are the changes postulated by demand, forcing specific reactions accommodation providers. Therefore, there is a need to adjust supply side support to implement solutions that meet the expectations of tourists.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Balińska A., Gabryjończyk P., Sieczko A., Zawadka J.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s268.pdf

Autor	Malgorzata Lechwar, Malgorzata Leszczynska, Katarzyna Puchalska
Tytuł	RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AS A DETERMINANT OF THE MODERN ECONOMY – POLISH HOUSEHOLD SECTOR PERSPECTIVE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	renewable energy sources, economy, households
Key words
Abstrakt	The main purpose of the article is to present changes in the acquisition and use of energy from renewable sources by households in Poland. The role of this sector in total energy consumption was indicated. Changes in energy expenditure in households were also assessed. Secondary data from public statistics were used. The household sector in Poland is characterized by the highest energy consumption in the structure of final energy consumption in the national economy, and energy expenditure is an important expenditure item in the household budget.. The amount of costs related to RES investment is a significant barrier to household expenditure. However, this investment should be seen as a means of reducing the share of energy costs in the home budget in a long-term perspective.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Lechwar M., Leszczynska M., Puchalska K.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s275.pdf

Autor	Dariusz Kusz
Tytuł	LEVEL OF INVESTMENT EXPENDITURE VERSUS CHANGES IN TECHNICAL LABOUR EQUIPMENT AND LABOUR EFFICIENCY IN AGRICULTURE IN POLAND
Title
Słowa kluczowe	investment, agriculture, labour efficiency, relation of production factors
Key words
Abstrakt	The aim of the paper is to analyse changes in the efficiency of the use of the labour factor and changes in the relation of production factors regarding the investment outlay level in individual voivodeships, in Poland, in 2002–2015. The research used the public statistics panel data from 2002–2015 (Local Data Bank). An increase in technical labour equipment, the level of investment outlays per one employed person in agriculture and an improvement in the efficiency of using the labour factor was found. At the same time, considerable regional diversification of investment activities, work equipment in fixed assets and labour productivity is still observed in Poland. The improvement of labour efficiency in agriculture is positively influenced by an increase in work technical equipment and the level of completed investments per one employee.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Kusz D.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s315.pdf

Autor	Agnieszka Kozera, Aldona Standar, Joanna Średzinska
Tytuł	LEVEL AND EVOLUTION OF FARM TAXATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION IN 2007–2015
Title
Słowa kluczowe	taxes, farms, European Union, FADN, TOPSIS
Key words
Abstrakt	The purpose of this paper is to assess the level of and changes in taxes imposed on farms in European Union countries. The empirical study was based on FADN data. Because of the complex nature of aspects under consideration, the TOPSIS method was used to develop a synthetic indicator of farm taxation. The study was carried out in 2007–2009 and 2013–2015. For these periods, average values of simple characteristics were calculated which reflect the levels of farm taxation and are the basis for the synthetic indicator. Afterwards, the synthetic indicator was used to linearly arrange the countries by farm taxation levels in the EU in the periods considered.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Kozera A., Standar A., Średzinska J.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s327.pdf

Autor	Marian Podstawka
Tytuł	FINANCIAL AID FOR POLISH AGRICULTURE AND CHANGES IN ITS SHARE IN THE STRUCTURE OF AGRIBUSINESS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	agribusiness, financial aid, agriculture
Key words
Abstrakt	The study presents the share of agriculture in the structure of agribusiness and presents the forms of support it uses. It was found that agribusiness is characterized by dynamic changes. Against the background of the national economy, its share in labour resources, fixed assets, investment outlays and output and its gross added value is decreasing. As part of Polish agribusiness, agriculture has the dominant share. There is considerable support for agriculture with EU and national financial aid. The largest share of domestic aid constituted subsidies for investment loans and working capital loans.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Podstawka M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s343.pdf

Autor	Arleta Kedra, Lyubov Klapkiv
Tytuł	RELATION BETWEEN SELECTED WEATHER FACTORS AND INSURANCE INDEMNITY IN UKRAINIAN AGRICULTURE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	insurance indemnity, weather variables, agriculture
Key words
Abstrakt	The present paper is devoted to examining if weather variables have a significant impact on the level of indemnity in examined agriculture insurances, i.e. insurance of winter crops. The authors will determine whether indicators as excessive rainfall and extreme temperatures (especially frost) contribute to crucial increase of insurance indemnity. According to currently existing theories, weather changes have vital consequences both for farmers and for insurers as they take over the risk. The goal of the present paper is to analyse strength and direction of correlation between weather variables and insurance indemnity in case of winter plants to state whether these influence amounts of money paid to farmers for their crops’ losses.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Kedra A., Klapkiv L.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s358.pdf