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Autor	Paul Lane, Joanna Wyrobek
Tytuł	IMPACT OF INTERNATIONALIZATION ON THE CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF COMMERCIAL COMPANIES
Title
Słowa kluczowe	multinational companies, indebtedness, corporate finance, capital structure
Key words
Abstrakt	International enterprises (in this paper, international companies are understood as companies that sell their products and services abroad) are precious for the national economy because, through their experience in international sales, they stimulate the development of other companies in the same industry and their subcontractors. The knowledge that these companies have gained on international markets through the spillover effect spreads on their suppliers, as well as through imitation or cooperation on their competitors. Also, international companies (in the meaning: domestic export companies) are often the first to use new technological solutions and product innovations, which contributes to the modernization of products in the entire business sector. Dynamic and robust international companies usually also build networks with entities from different countries in order to cooperate on development, negotiation, and sales, which also encourages similar activities of their competitors. For all these reasons, national governments should take action to help to export companies, or at least monitor the problems that such entities report. The purpose of the publication is to draw attention to the higher demand for the debt that exists in such enterprises and to discuss the reasons for this. In particular, the purpose of the publication was to verify 2 research hypotheses: H1: Internationalization increases indebtedness of a company measured with the debt to equity ratio, and H2: The scale of internationalization (measured with the share of foreign sales to total sales) is positively related to the level of indebtedness (measured with the debt to equity ratio). For both hypotheses we found no grounds to reject these hypotheses. In the opinion of the authors, the demand for debt from exporters should be monitored, especially in terms of the availability of this form of financing for exporters from the SME sector. The paper used the Arellano-Bond model and data downloaded from the Orbis database for years 2007 – 2017.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Lane P., Wyrobek J. (2019) IMPACT OF INTERNATIONALIZATION ON THE CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF COMMERCIAL COMPANIES.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 22(71): 250-267
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2019_n71_s250.pdf

Autor	Wojciech Florkowski, Anna Klepacka
Tytuł	The Wood Pellet Sector: Barriers to Growth and Opinions of Manufacturers in Poland
Title	The Wood Pellet Sector: Barriers to Growth and Opinions of Manufacturers in Poland
Słowa kluczowe	renewable energy, wood pellet stoves, raw material, imports, quality, rural household
Key words	renewable energy, wood pellet stoves, raw material, imports, quality, rural household
Abstrakt	Biomass is a major source of renewable energy in the EU and Poland, stimulating the growth of the wood pellet sector. Wood pellet demand is stimulated by a complex interaction of market forces and policies including EU climate, energy, and environmental regulations, Poland’s program to improve air quality, and subsidies for the replacement of inefficient stoves used by households. This article focuses on the growth of the wood pellet industry, imports and exports in Poland, and wood pellet quality and use by households. The main issues faced by the EU wood pellet sector between 2013 and 2016 are further considered in the context of opinions of Polish wood pellet manufacturers. Industry opinions were collected in response to an open-ended question that probed for the main issues faced by wood pellet producers during the survey implemented by the authors in 2019. Respondents identified difficulties in obtaining raw material for pellet production and poor pellet quality as major problems. Although the majority did not feel concerned about competition from imported wood pellets, a small number of respondents viewed such competition as a problem reflecting the reversal of decreasing imports in 2017. Overall, the domestic wood pellet industry can be expected to grow because of increasing pressure to expand the use of renewable energy and will be driven by the household sector switching to more efficient, wood burning stoves. Additionally, the expanding area of private Polish forests may become a source of much-needed raw material for wood pellet manufacturing.
Abstract	Biomass is a major source of renewable energy in the EU and Poland, stimulating the growth of the wood pellet sector. Wood pellet demand is stimulated by a complex interaction of market forces and policies including EU climate, energy, and environmental regulations, Poland’s program to improve air quality, and subsidies for the replacement of inefficient stoves used by households. This article focuses on the growth of the wood pellet industry, imports and exports in Poland, and wood pellet quality and use by households. The main issues faced by the EU wood pellet sector between 2013 and 2016 are further considered in the context of opinions of Polish wood pellet manufacturers. Industry opinions were collected in response to an open-ended question that probed for the main issues faced by wood pellet producers during the survey implemented by the authors in 2019. Respondents identified difficulties in obtaining raw material for pellet production and poor pellet quality as major problems. Although the majority did not feel concerned about competition from imported wood pellets, a small number of respondents viewed such competition as a problem reflecting the reversal of decreasing imports in 2017. Overall, the domestic wood pellet industry can be expected to grow because of increasing pressure to expand the use of renewable energy and will be driven by the household sector switching to more efficient, wood burning stoves. Additionally, the expanding area of private Polish forests may become a source of much-needed raw material for wood pellet manufacturing.
Cytowanie	Florkowski W., Klepacka A. (2019) The Wood Pellet Sector: Barriers to Growth and Opinions of Manufacturers in Poland.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 4: 9-18
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n4_s9.pdf

Autor	Justyna Góral, Włodzimierz Rembisz
Tytuł	Marże marketingowe i wartości dodane w łańcuchu dostaw żywności w Polsce
Title	Marketing Margins and Added Value in the Food Supply Chain in Poland
Słowa kluczowe	marża marketingowa, wartość dodana, łańcuch dostaw żywności
Key words	marketing margin, added value, food supply chain
Abstrakt	Zagadnienie udziału producenta rolnego w finalnej cenie żywności budzi zainteresowanie naukowców oraz polityków. Komisja Europejska (2014, 2016) podjęła działania mające na celu wzmocnienie sektora rolnego w ramach łańcucha dostaw żywności. W Polsce zintensyfikowano promocję sprzedaży bezpośredniej. Działanie te mają na celu skrócenie łańcucha dostaw żywności oraz poprawę siły rynkowej producentów rolnych. Siła rynkowa oznacza zdolność przedsiębiorstwa do podniesienia ceny własnego produktu bez obniżenia poziomu sprzedaży na rzecz konkurentów. Celem badań było wskazanie tendencji w zakresie kształtowania się marż marketingowych oraz wartości dodanych w łańcuchu dostaw żywności. Pomiar ten służył poszukiwaniu odpowiedzi – które grupy produktów cechuje najwyższy poziom wartości dodanej i największa zdolność poprawy dochodów producentów rolnych? Szacowanie wartości dodanej obrazuje - gdzie trafia „złotówka żywnościowa” finalnego konsumenta?
Abstract	The issue of agricultural producer participation in the final food price is of interest to scientists and politicians. The European Commission (2014, 2016) commissioned the preparation of expertise in this area, as a result of which actions were taken to strengthen the agricultural sector. In Poland, for example, the promotion of direct sales has been intensified. These activities are aimed at shortening the food supply chain and improving the market power of agricultural producers. Market power means the ability of an enterprise to increase the price of its own product without reducing the level of sales to competitors. The aim of the research was to indicate trends in the area of marketing margins and added value in the food supply chain. This measurement served the search for the answer - which product groups have the highest level of added value and the greatest ability to improve the income of agricultural producers? The estimation of the value added illustrates - where does the "food zloty" of the final consumer go?
Cytowanie	Góral J., Rembisz W. (2019) Marże marketingowe i wartości dodane w łańcuchu dostaw żywności w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 4: 47-57
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n4_s47.pdf

Autor	Dorota Pasińska
Tytuł	Konkurencyjność krajów Unii Europejskiej w handlu zagranicznym produktami wołowymi
Title	Competitiveness of European Union Countries in Foreign Trade in Beef Products
Słowa kluczowe	eksport, import, wołowina, międzynarodowa konkurencyjność
Key words	export, import, beef, international competitiveness
Abstrakt	Głównym celem artykułu jest próba oceny konkurencyjności krajów Unii Europejskiej w handlu zagranicznym produktami wołowymi w 2017 r. w porównaniu z 2005 r. Realizując cel opracowania wykorzystano analizę porównawczą wartości eksportu, importu, sald handlu zagranicznego produktami wołowymi, wskaźnika ujawnionej przewagi komparatywnej RCA, wskaźnika przewag komparatywnych Lafaya oraz wskaźnika Grubela-Llyoda. W 2005 r. i w 2017 r. następujące kraje posiadały przewagę komparatywną w handlu produktami wołowymi: Austria, Francja, Irlandia, Luksemburg oraz Polska, a przewagi komparatywnej nie posiadały: Bułgaria, Cypr, Dania, Finlandia, Grecja, Włochy, Malta, Hiszpania, Szwecja, Portugalia i Wielka Brytania. W 2017 r. większość krajów UE realizowała model handlu wewnątrzgałęziowego. W 2017 r. w porównaniu do 2005 r. niektóre kraje UE zmieniły model realizowanego handlu z międzygałęziowego na wewnątrzgałęziowy lub odwrotnie. W 2017 r. Polska zajmowała piątą pozycję wśród największych eksporterów produktów wołowych w UE, a udział produktów wołowych zaimportowanych do Polski w przywozie produktów wołowych krajów UE był bardzo niski (i wynosił ok. 1%).
Abstract	The main purpose of the article is an attempt to assess the competitiveness of European Union trade in foreign trade in beef products in 2017 compared to 2005. In order to achieve the objective of the study, a comparative analysis (for exports, import value, balance of foreign trade in beef products, the index of revealed comparative advantage of RCA, the comparative advantage of Lafay and the Grubel-Llyod indicator) was used. In 2005 and 2017, the following countries had a comparative advantage in trade in beef products: Austria, France, Ireland, Luxembourg and Poland. Those which did not have a comparative advantage: Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Italy, Malta, Spain, Sweden, Portugal and Great Britain. In 2017, most EU countries implemented the intra-industry trade model. In 2017, compared to 2005, some EU countries changed their trade model from inter-industry to intra-industry or vice versa. In 2017, Poland was fifth among the largest EU exporters of beef products in the EU, and the share of beef products imported to Poland in the import of beef products of EU countries was very low (and amounted to about 1%).
Cytowanie	Pasińska D. (2019) Konkurencyjność krajów Unii Europejskiej w handlu zagranicznym produktami wołowymi .Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 4: 80-92
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n4_s80.pdf

Autor	Karolina Pawlak, Walenty Poczta
Tytuł	Handel wewnątrzgałęziowy w wymianie produktami rolno spożywczymi UE z USA
Title	Intra-industry Trade in Agri-food Products between the EU and US
Słowa kluczowe	handel wewnątrzgałęziowy, indeks Grubela-Lloyda, indeks krańcowego handlu wewnątrzgałęziowego, handel wewnątrzgałęziowy poziomy, handel wewnątrzgałęziowy pionowy, produkty rolno-spożywcze, UE, USA
Key words	intra-industry trade, Grubel-Lloyd index, index of marginal intra-industry trade, horizontal intra-industry trade, vertical intra-industry trade, agri-food products, the EU, the US
Abstrakt	Celem artykułu było zbadanie intensywności i określenie typu handlu wewnątrzgałęziowego produktami rolno-spożywczymi UE z USA. Analizę przeprowadzono na podstawie danych pochodzących z bazy Comext-Eurostat, na 6-cyfrowym poziomie klasyfikacji HS w latach 2007-2018. Na podstawie zrealizowanych badań można stwierdzić, że handel produktami rolno-spożywczymi UE z USA rozwija się głównie zgodnie z modelem specjalizacji międzygałęziowej, która w latach 2007-2018 utrwalała się i pogłębiała. Wymianę wewnątrzgałęziową, częściej pionową niż poziomą, obserwowano przede wszystkim w obrotach produktami o wyższym stopniu przetworzenia.
Abstract	The aim of the paper was to examine the intensity and to determine the type of intra-industry trade in agri-food products between the EU and US. The analysis was based on data from the Comext-Eurostat database and it was carried out at the 6-digit level of HS classification in 2007-2018. Based on the conducted research, it can be concluded that trade in agri-food products between the EU and US is developing mainly in accordance with the model of inter-industry specialisation, which in the years 2007-2018 was strengthening and deepening. Intra-industry trade, vertical rather than horizontal, was primarily observed in the exchange of products with a higher degree of processing.
Cytowanie	Pawlak K., Poczta W. (2019) Handel wewnątrzgałęziowy w wymianie produktami rolno spożywczymi UE z USA.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 4: 93-102
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n4_s93.pdf

Autor	Barbara Kiełbasa, Daniela Popa, Aliona Sargo, Mariusz Trojak
Tytuł	New Approaches to Developing the Integral Indicator Methodology for Estimating the Financial Efficiency of Agricultural Entities in Poland, the Republic of Moldova, and EU Countries
Title	New Approaches to Developing the Integral Indicator Methodology for Estimating the Financial Efficiency of Agricultural Entities in Poland, the Republic of Moldova, and EU Countries
Słowa kluczowe	agro-sector, European Union, correlation and regression, financial efficiency, food product, financial economy, productivity & profitability, resource efficiency
Key words	agro-sector, European Union, correlation and regression, financial efficiency, food product, financial economy, productivity & profitability, resource efficiency
Abstrakt	Economic literature pays a great deal of attention to economic and financial efficiency, expressed in terms of competition, concentration, productivity and profitability. This paper provides an all-embracing framework for the various existing theories in this area and illustrates these theories with practical applications. Currently, changing the size of the production potential in agricultural units in the Republic of Moldova depends to a great extent on the influence of different trends in the modification of production resources: the reduction of labor resources and agricultural land, quantitative and qualitative changes in fixed assets, and in current assets, etc.The notion of resource potential means the totality of the volume of all resources (natural, labor, material, intellectual, information, etc.) on specific enterprises, territories, branches, regions. Evaluating a broad field of research, the paper describes profit maximizing food products and demonstrates how several widely-used products can be fit into this framework. The authors also present an overview of the current major trends in the food sector and relate them to the assumptions for food products, thereby displaying their relevance and timeliness. The results include a set of recommendations for future research on this topic.The design, methodology and approach of this research is to explain why efficiency can help obtain a profit surplus, and to measure this efficiency. For quality of methodology we apply a range of statistical methods, as well as the strategic capability of organisations – made up of resources and competences. One way to approach the stategic capability of an organisation is to consider its strengths and weaknesses (for example, where it has a competitive advantage, profit, efficiency or disadvantage). Based on our research and results, we sought to understand the concepts of financial effciency and to apply these concepts to practical situations. At the start of each analysis entrepreneurship plays an important role. Most organisations have to innovate constantly to obtain profit and efficiency for food products. They need to be first into a market, or simply a follower of customers in developing new products and services. Original studies in Moldova and Poland regarding farm concentration in terms of Gini Coefficient, Gini Index and Concentration Index of the utilized agricultural area. Original calculus formula to determine the Concentration Index of the UAA for the top 10% largest farms in Moldova and UK.
Abstract	Economic literature pays a great deal of attention to economic and financial efficiency, expressed in terms of competition, concentration, productivity and profitability. This paper provides an all-embracing framework for the various existing theories in this area and illustrates these theories with practical applications. Currently, changing the size of the production potential in agricultural units in the Republic of Moldova depends to a great extent on the influence of different trends in the modification of production resources: the reduction of labor resources and agricultural land, quantitative and qualitative changes in fixed assets, and in current assets, etc.The notion of resource potential means the totality of the volume of all resources (natural, labor, material, intellectual, information, etc.) on specific enterprises, territories, branches, regions. Evaluating a broad field of research, the paper describes profit maximizing food products and demonstrates how several widely-used products can be fit into this framework. The authors also present an overview of the current major trends in the food sector and relate them to the assumptions for food products, thereby displaying their relevance and timeliness. The results include a set of recommendations for future research on this topic.The design, methodology and approach of this research is to explain why efficiency can help obtain a profit surplus, and to measure this efficiency. For quality of methodology we apply a range of statistical methods, as well as the strategic capability of organisations – made up of resources and competences. One way to approach the stategic capability of an organisation is to consider its strengths and weaknesses (for example, where it has a competitive advantage, profit, efficiency or disadvantage). Based on our research and results, we sought to understand the concepts of financial effciency and to apply these concepts to practical situations. At the start of each analysis entrepreneurship plays an important role. Most organisations have to innovate constantly to obtain profit and efficiency for food products. They need to be first into a market, or simply a follower of customers in developing new products and services. Original studies in Moldova and Poland regarding farm concentration in terms of Gini Coefficient, Gini Index and Concentration Index of the utilized agricultural area. Original calculus formula to determine the Concentration Index of the UAA for the top 10% largest farms in Moldova and UK.
Cytowanie	Kiełbasa B., Popa D., Sargo A., Trojak M. (2019) New Approaches to Developing the Integral Indicator Methodology for Estimating the Financial Efficiency of Agricultural Entities in Poland, the Republic of Moldova, and EU Countries.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 4: 103-112
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n4_s103.pdf

Autor	Danuta Zawadzka
Tytuł	Wybrane aspekty rynku prosiąt w Polsce, Niemczech i Danii
Title	Selected Aspects of the Piglet Market in Poland, Germany and Denmark
Słowa kluczowe	rynek prosiąt, import, ceny, Polska, Niemcy, Dania
Key words	piglet market, import, prices, Poland, Germany, Denmark
Abstrakt	Celem artykułu jest analiza wybranych aspektów rynku prosiąt w Polsce, Niemczech i Danii. Kraje te wyodrębniono na podstawie wielkości importu i eksportu żywej trzody na wspólnotowym rynku. Szeroko pojęty rynek prosiąt jest stosunkowo słabo rozpoznany, choć prosięta stanowią ważną fazę produkcji trzody. Trudność analizy tego rynku polega głównie na braku odpowiedniej statystyki. W niniejszym opracowaniu o produkcji prosiąt i podstawowych jej cechach (rozproszenie) wnioskowano na podstawie danych dotyczących natężenia chowu loch w gospodarstwach. Chów loch nie odzwierciedla jednak krajowej podaży prosiąt, która korygowana jest poprzez obroty handlu zagranicznego. Wyrazem dostosowania popytu do podaży są ceny.
Abstract	The aim of the article is to analyze selected aspects of the piglet market in Poland, Germany and Denmark. These countries were distinguished on the basis of the volume of imports and exports of live pigs on the Community market. The broadly understood piglet market is relatively poorly recognized, although piglets are an important phase of pig production. The difficulty of analyzing this market is mainly due to the lack of appropriate statistics. Piglet production and its basic characteristics (dispersion) were inferred on the basis of data on sow farming in farms. However, sow farming does not reflect domestic piglet supply, which is adjusted by foreign trade turnover. Prices are an expression of adjusting demand to supply.
Cytowanie	Zawadzka D. (2019) Wybrane aspekty rynku prosiąt w Polsce, Niemczech i Danii.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 4: 113-125
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n4_s113.pdf

Autor	Bartłomiej Bajan, Aldona Mrówczyńska-Kamińska
Tytuł	MEASURING THE AGRIBUSINESS GDP IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES
Title
Słowa kluczowe	agribusiness, GDP, European Union
Key words
Abstrakt	The purpose of this paper was to measure the Gross Domestic Product of the agribusiness in European Union countries and to determine its contribution to national economies. The agribusiness GDP was measured using a proprietary method based on input–output tables. The study covered all 28 European Union countries and relied on 2014 data, the most recent available information in the World Input–Output Database (used as data source). The study found the prevalence of two relationships; (i): the higher the development level of a country, the lower the share of agribusiness GDP in the national economy; (ii): as the country develops, the share of the 2nd agribusiness aggregate in the GDP becomes relatively smaller compared to that of other agribusiness aggregates. A known problem faced in these analyses is that the I/O tables are published with a huge delay and are only available for some countries. Therefore, the studies on agribusiness measurement for all European Union countries in one period are relatively scarce in the relevant literature. Also, a proprietary method of agribusiness GDP measurement was used which takes account of the particular role of the food industry.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Bajan B., Mrówczyńska-Kamińska A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2019_n3_s15.pdf

Autor	Tetiana Balanovska, Natalia Drahnieva, Alina Troian
Tytuł	USING OF FUZZY MODELLING IN ANTI-CRISIS MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
Title
Słowa kluczowe	anti-crisis management, agricultural enterprise, quality, products, fuzzy logic, fuzzy modelling
Key words
Abstrakt	The article systematizes the different views of scientists in relation to the anti-crisis management of enterprisesand emphasizes the importance of its use in enterprises. There was noted the necessity to introducethe perspective directions of economic activity of the enterprise, forming its image, ensuring competitiveness,profitability, and development. In order to make effective management decisions under uncertaindynamic environment, it is suggested to use fuzzy modelling for the prevention of the crisis occurrence.In order to present the possibility of using such an approach in the practical activity of agricultural enterprises,in particular which are engaged in dairy farming, we proposed an informational and logical modelfor determining the forecast average price of milk, taking into account the indicators of its quality, thatis based on the theory of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic. In the context of anti-crisis management, there wassubstantiated the possibility of using the proposed model, as a basic one, in any agricultural enterprise inorder to improve its activities.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Balanovska T., Drahnieva N., Troian A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2019_n3_s22.pdf

Autor	Maryla Bieniek - Majka
Tytuł	COLLECTIVE ACTION THEORY OF MANCUR OLSON ON THE EXAMPLE OF INTEGRATED FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PRODUCERS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	fruit-vegetable producers' groups/organisations, group activity, free-rider
Key words
Abstrakt	The aim of this article was to answer the question – do integrated fruit and vegetable producers act in accordancewith the assumptions of “the logic of collective actions” by Olson, or want to increase the marketorganisation level, as suggested by Docian Ciolos, increasing the number of existing groups/organisations?Basing on a library query, the assumptions of the “logic of collective actions” are presented. Using the dataprovided by the European Commission, a significant negative relationship was found between the averagesize of the group/organisation and its effectiveness. In addition, there was a regress of organising the fruitand vegetable market in the European Union. Therefore, it is suggested that according to the assumptions ofMancur Olson’s theory, selective stimuli (institutional support) motivating members of groups/organisationsto produce a common good that can be, i.a., overcoming the barrier of production scale or competitivenessof the sector should be applied.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Bieniek - Majka M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2019_n3_s46.pdf

Autor	Elżbieta Brągiel, Teresa Miś
Tytuł	CHANGES IN THE ORGANIC PROCESSING IN POLAND IN THE YEARS 2004-2017
Title
Słowa kluczowe	organic processing, organic farming, processing industries
Key words
Abstrakt	The processing of organic products in Poland develops, the number of organic entities increases and there arechanges in the structure in individual industries. The aim of this article was to evaluate the trends and the degreeof changes that have occurred in the number of processing plants and the structure of organic processing industriesin Poland in the years 2004–2017. The analysis covered eight industries of processing organic products.Over thirteen years, there has been a steady increase in the number of organic processing plants, despite thelow amount of organic production and the lack of developed and sustainable forms of cooperation at variouslevels – from the producer to the consumer. The low consumption of organic products (compared to Europeancountries) also shows down and shapes changes that occur in the structure in particular processing sectors.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Brągiel E., Miś T.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2019_n3_s52.pdf

Autor	Oleg Dannikov, Inna Ivasko
Tytuł	FARM TAXATION POLICY IN UKRAINE AND POLAND
Title
Słowa kluczowe	tax regulation, special tax regimes, land rent, agrarian sector, agriculture, foreign experience
Key words
Abstrakt	The article discusses the shortcomings of tax policy in the agrarian sector of the economy of Ukraine, whichhas created non-competitive conditions for small farms. Large agricultural enterprises in Ukraine use theexisting special tax regime as an optimization of tax liabilities. This has led to such negative economic,social and environmental consequences as the development of landlands, the deterioration of agriculturallandscapes, the increase in export-oriented production, the growth of unemployment in the village and themigration of the rural population. While small farms, without state support, provide the population with basicfoodstuffs. The purpose of the article is evidence of the use of a special tax regime only for small farms, basedon an analysis of the special tax treatment regime in Polish agriculture and an analysis of the differential rentmethodology laid down in the basis of a special tax regime, as well as the development of practical recommendationsfor Ukraine.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Dannikov O., Ivasko I.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2019_n3_s60.pdf

Autor	Anatolii Dibrova, Larysa Dibrova, Maksym Dibrova, Yaroslav Krylov
Tytuł	PERSPECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GRAIN MARKET AND ITS REGULATION MECHANISM IN UKRAINE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	grain market, grain production, mechanism, state regulation, logistics, export potential
Key words
Abstrakt	The article gives an economic assessment of the current state of the grain industry development, determinesthe main factors influencing the formation of demand and supply on the grain market. The lack of efficiencyof the mechanism of regulation of the grain market in Ukraine is substantiated on the basis of the obtainedvalues of “market price support” indicators per 1 t of grain and “nominal coefficient of protection of producers”used in the countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Theforecasts of gross collections of cereals and legumes, as well as their volumes of domestic consumption inUkraine for the period up to 2025 are estimated. The state of transport and logistics infrastructure of the grainmarket of Ukraine is estimated. Based on the analysis carried out, strategic guidelines for the development ofthe grain market and its regulation mechanism are proposed.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Dibrova A., Dibrova L., Dibrova M., Krylov Y.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2019_n3_s67.pdf

Autor	Tadeusz Filipiak, Mariusz Maciejczak
Tytuł	WORK PRODUCTIVITY IN WINE FARMS IN SELECTED COUNTRIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
Title
Słowa kluczowe	work productivity, wine farms, FADN, European Union
Key words
Abstrakt	In the European Union, one of the industries which is of great economic and market importance and accordinglyis to a large extent dependent on quantity and quality of labour resources is viticulture and wine production.The main objective of the research was to determine the productivity of work in wine farms in selectedEU countries in the years 2004–2017. It was found that there was an increase in labour productivity in winefarms in almost all countries selected for research. The largest increase was recorded for Czech, Portugueseand Bulgarian farms. Nevertheless, the highest productivity of work was characteristic for French, German,Austrian and Italian farms. Additionally together with the increase in the economic size of wine farms, theproductivity of work increased too.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Filipiak T., Maciejczak M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2019_n3_s76.pdf

Autor	Stanisław Krasowicz, Mariusz Matyka
Tytuł	THE ROLE OF ECONOMIC EVALUATION IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Title
Słowa kluczowe	economics, evaluation, role, agricultural research, major problems
Key words
Abstrakt	On the example of the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – State Research Institute in Puławy, thescope and importance of economic assessment in agricultural research are presented.As sources of information, IUNG-PIB reports and reports as well as selected publications were used. It wasfound that economic assessment enables and facilitates the selection of solutions offered in agricultural practice.Its scope is constantly expanding. It also plays an important role in decision-making processes related tothe selection of the management system and a specific variant of production technology on the farm. It alsoallows explaining many changes and tendencies in agriculture under the influence of the Common AgriculturalPolicy.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Krasowicz S., Matyka M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2019_n3_s84.pdf

Autor	olga Babytska, Olena Berbenets, Olena Pavlenko, Tamara Prykhodko, Olga Zhmaylova
Tytuł	THE ROLE OF NUTRIA MEAT PRODUCTION IN THE CONTEXT OF UKRAINE FOOD SECURITY
Title
Słowa kluczowe	food security, meat production, nutria breeding, effectiveness of production, expert evaluations
Key words
Abstrakt	The article presents the role and potential of the nutria breeding development as analternative livestock sector in the context of Ukraine's food security. A comparative analysisof qualitative characteristics of meat by species of animals was conducted. The efficiency ofnutria breeding by types of enterprises with a short-term forecast is analyzed. By expertevaluations determined the weight of the 5 main problems of the industry, which constitutethe next steps of a comprehensive research of nutria breeding.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Babytska o., Berbenets O., Pavlenko O., Prykhodko T., Zhmaylova O.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2019_n3_s95.pdf

Autor	Yuriy Klapkiv, Petro Putsenteilo, Viktoriia Vovk
Tytuł	ADAPTATION PROCESSES OF THE AGRARIAN SECTOR FOR REALIZATION OF THE EXISITING POTENTIAL
Title
Słowa kluczowe	agricultural sector, adaptation processes, agricultural insurance, global agri-food system, potential
Key words
Abstrakt	The agrarian sector of Ukraine with its basic component of agriculture is increasingly becoming the systemformingfactor in the national economy. It creates the factors for maintaining the sovereignty of the state: foodand, within certain limits, the economic and ecological, energy security of the state, ensures the developmentof technologically related branches of the national economy. The main aim of the study was to compare thediversity of agrarian structure and land productivity in Ukraine. The basic commodity positions of agrarianproducts and the existing potential for development are determined. The measures necessary for the developmentof the agrarian sector of Ukraine, the expansion of markets and the successful promotion of agrarianproducts to the world food markets are singled out.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Klapkiv Y., Putsenteilo P., Vovk V.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2019_n3_s112.pdf

Autor	Konrad Rojek
Tytuł	THE ANALYSIS OF EUROPEAN ORGANIC FARMING PRODUCTION IN 2010 - 2017
Title
Słowa kluczowe	organic farming, organic food, agricultural production
Key words
Abstrakt	The world sees one of the many agricultural production opportunities in organic farming. There are manychallenges facing ecological producers, which on the one hand affect the income sphere of farmers, becausethey concern the provision of a fair existence, and on the other, farmers and organic producers must respectlegal regulations and meet growing social expectations in the field of environmental protection and biodiversity.The aim of this article was to analyse data on organic farming production in Europe. Presented in it thenumber of organic European agricultural producers, the biggest producers, the number of organic crop area inEurope and the countries with the largest agricultural area in Europe. The article focuses on plant and animalorganic production. Animal production divided into organic production of livestock of animals and organicproduction of animal products (excluding eggs).
Abstract
Cytowanie	Rojek K.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2019_n3_s118.pdf

Autor	Maria Rysz
Tytuł	CHANGES IN PRODUCTION AND VOLATILES OF FOREIGN TRADE INDUSTRY FRUIT IN POLAND OVER THE YEARS 2010 - 2017
Title
Słowa kluczowe	share of fruit, export, import, supply, fruit consumption
Key words
Abstrakt	The purpose of the work was to determine changes in production in Polish foreign trade and the level of fruitthat are being consumed by Polish consumers from 2010 to 2017. The article analyses quantitative and valuablechanges in export, import and the balance of Polish fruit turnover. The article presents the share of fruitharvest in Poland in the context of global and European production, the importance of Polish fruit export andimport, as well as the results of statistical analysis of the impact of fruit supply on the consumption of theseproducts in Polish households from 2010 to 2017. The research shows that the supply of fruit on the Polishmarket did not have a significant impact on the amount of their consumption in households.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Rysz M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2019_n3_s124.pdf

Autor	Małgorzata Bogusz
Tytuł	Zarządzanie produktami turystycznymi na przykładzie lokalnych grup działania
Title	Management of tourist products on the example of local action groups
Słowa kluczowe	turystyka na obszarach wiejskich, produkt turystyczny, lokalna grupa działania
Key words	tourism in rural areas, tourist product, Local Action Group
Abstrakt	Produktem turystycznym są wszystkie dobra i usługi nabywane przez turystów, jak i walory turystyczne, z których korzystają, a które są dla nich szczególnym przedmiotem zainteresowania. Celem opracowania było dokonanie charakterystyki i oceny produktów turystycznych powstałych oraz zarządzanych przy współpracy z lokalnymi grupami działania. W opracowaniu wykorzystano źródła wtórne. W części empirycznej dokonano analizy stron internetowych lokalnych grup działania, na których podstawie wytypowano trzy przykłady produktów turystycznych powstałych przy wsparciu lokalnych grup działania. Uzyskane wyniki badań, jednoznacznie wskazują na zaangażowanie lokalnych grup działania w rozwój turystyki na obszarach ich działalności, a opisane produkty mogą stanowić przykład na stworzenie marki danego regionu, przy jednoczesnym wykorzystaniu zasobów przyrodniczych, krajobrazowych oraz kulturowych i zaangażowaniu lokalnej społeczności.
Abstract	A tourist product is all goods and services purchased by tourists, as well as tourist values that they use and which are of particular interest to them. The purpose of the study was to characterize and evaluate tourism products created and managed in cooperation with Local Action Groups. Secondary sources were used in the study. In the empirical part, the websites of local action groups were analyzed, based on which three examples of tourist products created with the support of Local Action Groups were selected.Obtained research results clearly indicate the involvement of Local Action Groups in the development of tourism in their areas of activity, and the described products can be an example of creating a brand of a given region, while using natural, landscape and cultural resources, and the involvement of the local community.
Cytowanie	Bogusz M.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2019_n11_s5.pdf