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Autor	Aleksandra Matuszewska, Dorota Witkowska
Tytuł	Analiza zmian kursu euro/dolara: model VAR i perceptron wielowarstwowy
Title	The Euro/ Dollar Exchange Rate Analysis: VAR Model and Multilayer Perceptron
Słowa kluczowe	modele VAR, perceptron wielowarstwowy, kurs walutowy
Key words	VAR model, multilayer perceptron, euro/dollar exchange rate
Abstrakt	W analizach finansowych szeregów czasowych stosuje się często metody wielowymiarowego opisu zjawisk, takie jak na przykład modele wektorowej autoregresji (VAR). Alternatywnym do modeli VAR narzędziem badania mogą być jednokierunkowe sztuczne sieci neuronowe, do których należy perceptron wielowarstwowy (MLP). W pracy przedstawiono rezultaty wykorzystania modeli VAR i MLP do opisu zmian w szeregu kursu euro/dolar oraz tych zmiennych z rynku finansowego, które wpływają na badany kurs oraz ulegają zmianom pod wpływem kursu. Efektywność obu metod oceniono na podstawie dokładności wyznaczonych prognoz
Abstract	In the financial time series analysis one often recommends the application of the multidimensional methods such as the vector autoregression model – VAR, that was proposed by Sims in 1980. The feedforward artificial neural networks, especially multilayer perceptron – MLP, can be considered as an alternative, for VAR model, tool. In the paper we discuss the results of the euro/dollar time series investigation that is provided employing VAR and MLP models. The efficiency of both methods is evaluated in terms of ex-post errors. The source of the analysed series is REUTERS data base from the 4th of January 1999 till the 5th of December 2003. In our investigation we consider the euro/dollar exchange rate and selected financial instrument time series. The models are constructed for the euro/dollar exchange rate that is transformed into daily logarithmic rate of returns
Cytowanie	Matuszewska A., Witkowska D. (2006) Analiza zmian kursu euro/dolara: model VAR i perceptron wielowarstwowy.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 60: 241-250
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2006_n60_s241.pdf

Autor	Alina Daniłowska
Tytuł	Pożyczki od osób fizycznych jako źródło finansowania działalności w gospodarstwach indywidualnych w Polsce
Title	The Loans form Individuals as a Source of the Financing of the Activity of Private Farms in Poland
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Abstract	The aim of the analysis was to evaluate the role of loans granting by individuals in the financing of the agricultural activity of private farms in Poland. The investigation showed that quite large percentage of farms used this kind of credit. The share of private credits in financing of agricultural investments was about 20%, in financing of working capital about 8%.
Cytowanie	Daniłowska A. (2005) Pożyczki od osób fizycznych jako źródło finansowania działalności w gospodarstwach indywidualnych w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 55: 105-113
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2005_n55_s105.pdf

Autor	Ewa Drabik, Anna Górska
Tytuł	Ocena inwestycji na Warszawskiej Giełdzie Towarowej w okresie od stycznia 2002 roku do lipca 2004 roku
Title	The Evaluation of lnvestments at the Warsaw Commodity Exchange from January 2002 to July 2004
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Abstract	Nowadays the commodity exchange offers not only a wide range of operations such as trade in commodities but also future contracts and other types of financial transactions. While at the stock exchange one can encounter mainly shares, the commodity exchange epitomizes an impressive variety of negotiable units. Mutual funds and deposits, which are an alternative way of investing, also play a relevant role on the financial market. From economical point of view deposits are burdened with the smallest risk. According to the modem financial theory, the attitude towards a risk is considered as a very important aspect of the situation on the market. Not only behaviour of the investors but also political and economical events determine the situation on the market. The. behaviour of the investors is analysed by the cognitive psychology, which is associated with a new behavioural current in financial theory, which is called the behaviour finance. The aim of this paper is to check, if it is worth to invest at the commodity exchange. The analysis is carried out on the basis of the data from Warsaw Commodity Exchange in the span of3 years: 2002-2004.
Cytowanie	Drabik E., Górska A. (2004) Ocena inwestycji na Warszawskiej Giełdzie Towarowej w okresie od stycznia 2002 roku do lipca 2004 roku.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 54: 89-99
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2004_n54_s89.pdf

Autor	Artur Kowalczyk, Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Ocena konkurencyjności spółdzielni mleczarskich
Title	The evaluation of Dairy Cooperatives' Competitiveness
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Abstract	The study presents the comparative analysis of competitiveness' level of dairy cooperatives, which exports their products to the UE market and cooperatives from Świętokrzyskie province, which are not entitled to the export to the UE market. Cooperatives exporting their products to the UE market (group A) in the years 1998-2001 showed the increase of milk processing while in cooperatives from Świętokrzyskie province the decrease ensued. The cooperatives from group A were also characterized by three times higher level of average delivery of milk as well as the share in the purchase of extra class milk. In 2001 cooperatives Świętokrzyskie province incurred loss while group A cooperatives achieved increasing significant profit. The competitive strength of milk · deliverers is larger in a group of cooperatives in Świętokrzyskie province because those cooperatives do not achieve the cost advantage for the sake of the low concentration of the production. The biggest threat to dairy cooperatives is in the buyers' strong influence on the volume of sale and in buyers' possibility to change a cooperative delivering them dairy products. The level of competition's intensity in the scope of products offered by cooperatives was similar, highest in the case of milk, cheese, sour and sour cream and lowest in case of powder milk and butter. The necessity of covering large capital needs as well as difficulties in access to distribution channels were described as largest barriers to entry and considerable small barrier is the competitive activity of already existing enterprises. In the opinion of cooperatives' managers the possibility of appearing new substitutes of dairy products, except for butter, is low.
Cytowanie	Kowalczyk A., Wasilewski M. (2004) Ocena konkurencyjności spółdzielni mleczarskich.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 52: 47-62
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2004_n52_s47.pdf