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Autor	Aldona Skarżyńska
Tytuł	Koszty ekonomiczne wybranych działalności produkcji roślinnej w latach 2005-2009
Title	Economic cost for selected activities in crop production in the period 2005-2009
Słowa kluczowe	koszty ekonomiczne, alternatywne koszty czynników produkcji – pracy, ziemi, kapitału, dochód z działalności z tytułu zarządzania, opłacalność produkcji
Key words	economic costs, alternative costs of production factors – work, land, capital, income on management, profitability production
Abstrakt	W pracy omówiono zróżnicowanie kosztów ekonomicznych i dochodu z działalności z tytułu zarządzania dla pięciu działalności produkcji roślinnej, prowadzonych w tej samej próbie gospodarstw w ciągu kilku lat. Ustalono strukturę kosztów ekonomicznych i rozpoznano czynniki determinujące ich wysokość. Analizą objęto przychody, koszty, dochód z działalności z tytułu zarządzania oraz wybrane mierniki syntetyczne, m.in. opisujące opłacalność produkcji, wydajność pracy oraz rolę dopłat.
Abstract	The subject of the studies was the diversity of the economic costs and income on management for the five crop production activities, namely: winter wheat, winter rye, winter rape, sugar beets and potatoes for human consumption. The surveys were conducted between the years 2005 and 2009 on the same sample of farms. It should be emphasised, however, that the results presented do not depict the situation of all such holdings in Poland, but only of those which provided farm accountancy data. Empirical data were collected and processed according to the rules of the AGROKOSZTY and Polish FADN systems. The results show that the highest economic costs (calculated per 1 ha), were involved in the cultivation of potatoes and then sugar beet, oilseed rape, winter wheat and the lowest – in the cultivation of rye. All crop production activities allowed to obtain income from management, but in the case of sugar beet in the period 2008-2009 and rye in the year 2009 was carried out exclusively thanks to subsidies, without this support a very distinct financial loss would appear. As a factor influencing income, subsidies play a prominent role. Thereby farmers got return for involvement in the production process of their knowledge, experience or taking innovative measures to achieve the best economic results.
Cytowanie	Skarżyńska A. (2010) Koszty ekonomiczne wybranych działalności produkcji roślinnej w latach 2005-2009.Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria G, t. 97, z. 3: 231-243
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2010_n3_s231.pdf

Autor	Ewa Mossakowska, Aldona Zawojska
Tytuł	Rozwój gospodarczy a kapitał ludzki na terenach wiejskich w Polsce
Title	Economic development and rural human capital in Poland
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Abstract	The main aim of this paper was to assess the level of human capital in rural areas of Poland and to make its cross-regional comparison. There was proposed the human resource development index or human capital index having six essential elements (education, enterpreunarship, economic activity, employment, health, and migration). In 2007, the opolskie, slaskie and malopolskie provinces were characterised by the highest levels of the human capital in rural areas.The paper provides also the investigation of the link between rural human capital and economic development in Polish regions concluding that in the slaskie, mazowieckie and wielkopolskie provinces high level of rural human capital was accompanied by high level of regional economic development as measured by GDP per capita. The results of human capital study at the individual level (questionnaire study in the sample of 120 farm owners from Mazovia and Podlasie regions, 2009) show that the education is the main determinant of farmer’s human capital improvement.
Cytowanie	Mossakowska E., Zawojska A. (2009) Rozwój gospodarczy a kapitał ludzki na terenach wiejskich w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 79: 5-21
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n79_s5.pdf

Autor	Aleksandra Pisarska, Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Płynność finansowa w małych i średnich przedsiębiorstwach
Title	The financial liquidity in small and medium enterprises
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Abstract	The highest financial liquidity described enterprises with the highest value of possessed capital. In general companies from the group of average value of capital had noticed the financial liquidity on lower level than the enterprises with the lowest and the highest value of capital. The financial liquidity ratio had amounted to quite low level in group of companies with the highest value of fixed assets. In the enterprises with the average level of these assets had appeared the risk of the financial liquidity lack. In group of micro enterprises had recorded difficulties with marinating the financial liquidity, especially the treasury ratio. In researched period had ascertained slight improvement in this aspect. Whereas the financial liquidity level in small and medium enterprises had formed almost on similar level, particularly in quick and treasury ratio. This group of enterprises had recorded lower level of financial liquidity, which in case of smaller scale of production was substantiated, because of decreasing risk of bankruptcy.
Cytowanie	Pisarska A., Wasilewski M. (2009) Płynność finansowa w małych i średnich przedsiębiorstwach.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 76: 187-200
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n76_s187.pdf

Autor	Aleksandra Pisarska, Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Źródła finansowania działalności małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw
Title	The small and medium enterprises business activity financial resources
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Abstract	The paper analyses the financial resources of business activity in SME sector in Świętokrzyskie region. In all groups of enterprises noticed increased value of liabilities, equity and debt capital calculated per employee. I was stated that together with growing number of employees (size of enterprise) recorded significant enhance of capital value per employee. The equity capital was the financial resource which dominance in small and medium enterprises activity, while in micro enterprises – debt capital, especially short-term. In all groups of companies the participation of long term debt capital noticed quite low level. In case of micro enterprises recorded decreasing share of short term loan capital, in relation to long term financing, which value increased in researched period. It confirmed that this source of capital was used in implementations of companies undertakes. To summaries, the micro enterprises require financial support, since their previous capital position was unfavorable in relation to small companies.
Cytowanie	Pisarska A., Wasilewski M. (2009) Źródła finansowania działalności małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 77: 217-227
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n77_s217.pdf

Autor	Mirosław Wasilewski, Serhiy Zabolotnyy
Tytuł	Sytuacja finansowa przedsiębiorstw o odmiennych strategiach zarządzania kapitałem obrotowym
Title	Financial situation of the enterprises of different working capital strategies
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Abstract	In the article the relations between opposite approaches to working capital management and chosen financial ratios are defined on the example of stock companies from food processing industry. In the enterprise Kofola S.A. using an aggressive working capital strategy a low level of liquidity, short cycles of current assets’ conversion and negative cycles of cash conversion appeared. Profitability of business and the value of EVA were low in this company. In the enterprise Wilbo S.A. using conservative strategies, high level of liquidity ratios, longer cycles of current assets’ conversion and cash conversion. Conservative strategy of Wilbo S.A. was characterized by negative rates of profitability and negative rate of return for owners built on EVA. Opposite approaches to working capital management do not ensure required rates of return from invested capital for shareholders. That is why the synchronization of partial strategies of the enterprise is very important.
Cytowanie	Wasilewski M., Zabolotnyy S. (2009) Sytuacja finansowa przedsiębiorstw o odmiennych strategiach zarządzania kapitałem obrotowym.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 78: 5-20
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n78_s5.pdf

Autor	Aleksandra Pisarska, Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Gospodarowanie rzeczowymi aktywami trwałymi w przedsiębiorstwach z sektora MSP
Title	Fixed assets management in enterprises of SME sector
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Abstract	The paper deals with the analysis of the relationship between efficiency and effectiveness of SME sector enterprises in respect to size of the employment and fixed assets value. The enterprises were characterized by fixed assets diversity and value of investments outlay. The micro enterprises used possessed fixed assets quite effective. Definitely the lowest participation of long term financing was recorded in enterprises which noticed small value of fixed assets. In enterprises which had the highest value of this assets noted profitable situation in aspect of financial liquidity, whereas the lowest was ascertained in group with an average value of this assets. The fixed assets turnover was higher in enterprises which characterized by the lowest level of fixed assets In these group noticed the highest effectiveness of equity capital utilization. The rate on sale, in group divided according to fi xed assets value, remained at relatively similar level, andcould be assessed as low
Cytowanie	Pisarska A., Wasilewski M. (2009) Gospodarowanie rzeczowymi aktywami trwałymi w przedsiębiorstwach z sektora MSP.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 78: 209-221
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n78_s209.pdf

Autor	Aleksandra Pisarska, Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Zarządzanie środkami trwałymi w małych i średnich przedsiębiorstwach z regionu świętokrzyskiego
Title	The fixed assets management in small and medium size enterprises in Świętokrzyski region
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Abstract	The elaboration estimates the managers opinion from small and medium size enterprises in Świętokrzyski region take into account management and investments in fixed assets. Most of the enterprises noted increasing productive potential as well as development. The research period were characterized by significant increase of equipment and machine participation in assets structure of these enterprises. This is positive trend reflected in profitable tendency increase companies operation potential by fixed assets. The main source of financing the fixed assets was the equity capital. The managers have been guided by the level of cash during a selection of financial resources. The enterprises managers were planning enhancing the level of fixed assets equipment, through equity capital involvement, which is simply safer.
Cytowanie	Pisarska A., Wasilewski M. (2009) Zarządzanie środkami trwałymi w małych i średnich przedsiębiorstwach z regionu świętokrzyskiego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 79: 137-148
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n79_s137.pdf

Autor	Małgorzata Raczkowska
Tytuł	Kapitał społeczny na obszarach wiejskich w Polsce
Title	Social capital in rural areas in Poland
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Abstract	In the first part of the article, being based at three research takes, theories of the social capital were presented. Two next parts of the article contain deliberations concerning the influence of this capital on the economy and the society. A character sketch of the social capital was also presented in rural areas
Cytowanie	Raczkowska M. (2009) Kapitał społeczny na obszarach wiejskich w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 79: 39-47
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n79_s39.pdf

Autor	Jan Hybel
Tytuł	Wpływ bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych na rynek pracy w Polsce w latach 2000–2007
Title	The influence of foreign direct investments on the labour market in Poland in the years 2000–2007
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Abstract	The develop of foreign direct investments (FDI) in Poland in 2000–2007 and their influence on creating the places of the work and enlargement productivity of labour are presented in this article. In the first part of the paper was presented analyze of dynamics level and structure FDI and their spacing location. Moreover, size and structure employment and productivity labour with part of foreign capital was presented. The main conclusion from this analyze is positive influence FDI on increase employment and level of efficiency and high regional diversification. The most number of work places was created in heavy economics (strong economically regions), mainly in voivodships: mazowieckie, wielkopolskie i dolnośląskie.
Cytowanie	Hybel J. (2009) Wpływ bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych na rynek pracy w Polsce w latach 2000–2007.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 79: 75-83
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n79_s75.pdf

Autor	Monika Utzig
Tytuł	Ryzyko operacyjne w pomiarze adekwatności kapitałowej banku
Title	Operational Risk in the Measurement of the Capital Adequacy in Bank
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Abstract	In the paper a conception of the capital adequacy and its relevance were presented. Definitions of operational risk were also discussed as well as threats caused by this risk category. Since the beginning of 2008 the operational risk has to be taken into consideration in the process of solvency ratio calculation in banks in Poland. In the article consequences of widening the scope of capital adequacy on the operational risk on the stability of banking sector in Poland were also presented
Cytowanie	Utzig M. (2009) Ryzyko operacyjne w pomiarze adekwatności kapitałowej banku.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 73: 67-81
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n73_s67.pdf

Autor	Monika Utzig
Tytuł	Informacja o seminarium naukowym nt. „Przemiany na rynku pracy w Polsce”
Title	Information about Seminary “Changes on the Labour Market in Poland
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Abstract	On the January 16th, 2009 in the Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Economic Sciences it took place scientific seminary titled “Changes on the Labour Market in Poland” organized by the Department of Economics and Policy. The main subjects brought up during the discussion concerned: The role of human capital in the economy. Conditionings of the level and diversity of wages. Exclusion from labour market. International migrations of rural population and their effects.
Cytowanie	Utzig M. (2009) Informacja o seminarium naukowym nt. „Przemiany na rynku pracy w Polsce”.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 73: 175-177
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n73_s175.pdf

Autor	Piotr Adamczyk
Tytuł	Substytucyjność czynników produkcji w przemyśle spożywczym w Polsce
Title	The production factors substitution in the food industry sector in Poland
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Abstract	The article presents the results of parameter estimation of production function in food industry in Poland. Author also calculated the marginal productivity of factors of production and used the marginal rate of substitution as a measure of substitution. It was stated that the output elasticity is higher with regard to labour input than to capital input. It means that exist way to obtain bigger growth in production in food industry by increasing labour input. Moreover, in some branches of food industry the value of marginal rate of substitution indicates that decrease of labour input by one unit requires significant increase of capital input in order to maintain the previous level of production.
Cytowanie	Adamczyk P. (2009) Substytucyjność czynników produkcji w przemyśle spożywczym w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 79: 111-123
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n79_s111.pdf

Autor	Joanna Paliszkiewicz
Tytuł	Liczba szkół wyższych a rozwój województw
Title	The number of higher education institutions and the development of provinces
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Abstract	In our times the human capital is one of basic development factors. Investments in human capital is the first step of going the way of the long-lasting growth in the economy. The level of education of the human capital is deciding on the ability of the given society to the adaptation of the financial capital and changing it into goods and service. The purpose of the article is checking the relation between the number of higher education institutions (also of students and graduates) with the economic activity, the amount of enterprises, the amount of the remuneration, the amount of the expenditure on investment and B+R and the unemployment rate in individual provinces
Cytowanie	Paliszkiewicz J. (2009) Liczba szkół wyższych a rozwój województw.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 75: 161-170
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n75_s161.pdf

Autor	Joanna Paliszkiewicz
Tytuł	Próby wyceny kapitału intelektualnego – identyfikacja podstawowych problemów
Title	Attempts of the evaluation of the intellectual capital– identifi cation of essential problems
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Abstract	Contemporary enterprises increasingly appreciate the role of intangible assets in achieving competitive advantage. More and more enterprises are basing activity on intangible assets and especially on the knowledge and the information. The importance of these assets finding expression in the market valuation of enterprises, which frequently – on world stock exchanges – exceeds book value. In the article the methods of intellectual capital estimation were described, and the problems connected with it were identified.
Cytowanie	Paliszkiewicz J. (2009) Próby wyceny kapitału intelektualnego – identyfikacja podstawowych problemów.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 78: 117-125
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Autor	Serhiy Zabolotnyy
Tytuł	Sytuacja finansowa spółek giełdowych z wybranych branż produkcyjnych
Title	Financial situation of stock companies from selected branches of industry
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Abstract	The author analyzes financial condition of selected manufacturing branches in Poland on the example of stock companies quoted on Warsaw Stock Exchange. Among the branches under consideration are food, metal, machine-engineering and construction materials’ industries. Asset and capital-asset structure as well as liquidity and profitability ratios are analyzed. In 2003–2007 companies from all selected branches except of metal industry increased the value of fixed assets relating to current assets. The structure of current assets was gradually changed with more liquid assets such as receivables and cash in bank accounts. High ratios of liquidity together with a significant share of long-term capitals in liabilities structure indicated a more conservative approach to the liquidity risk. The highest and most variable rates of return were noticed in metal industry, food and machine-engineering branches were characterized by lower but constant profitability ratios in the whole period
Cytowanie	Zabolotnyy S. (2009) Sytuacja finansowa spółek giełdowych z wybranych branż produkcyjnych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 76: 121-133
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n76_s121.pdf

Autor	Magdalena Mądra
Tytuł	Kształtowanie poziomu zadłużenia w zależności od powierzchni użytków rolniczych gospodarstw rolnych
Title	The relation between the debt level and cropland area in agriculture farms
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Abstract	The elaboration presents the debt level in relation to possessed cropland area used in agriculture farms. The article deals also with statistical regression model in which as a dependent variable chose the level of liabilities calculated per one hectare of cropland area. The presented research was surveyed in years 2004–2007, in Mazowsze and Podlasie region. Farms have been characterized by criterion of cropland area and were divided into six groups according to classification of PL-FADN. The regression models, estimated in elaborations showed that a variable of debt calculated per hectare of cropland area influenced on the degree of financial leverage and supply turnover in each year. It presented specific factors which had an impact on farmers investments decisions. The highest number of agriculture farms, which recorded foreign capital usage in financing structure, noticed in group of farms which noticed over 40 hectares of cropland area.
Cytowanie	Mądra M. (2009) Kształtowanie poziomu zadłużenia w zależności od powierzchni użytków rolniczych gospodarstw rolnych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 77: 199-216
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n77_s199.pdf

Autor	Magdalena Mądra
Tytuł	Wpływ poziomu zadłużenia na siłę ekonomiczną gospodarstw rolniczych
Title	The influence of debt level on economic power of agriculture farms
Słowa kluczowe	poziom zadłużenia, struktura kapitału, gospodarstwa rolnicze, siła ekonomiczna
Key words	debt level, capitals structure, agriculture farms, economic size unit
Abstrakt	W opracowaniu określono zależność pomiędzy siłą ekonomiczną wyrażoną w ESU a poziomem zadłużenia w indywidualnych gospodarstwach rolniczych prowadzących rachunkowość rolną w ramach systemu FADN. Dla celów analizy zróżnicowania pomiędzy grupami ESU wykorzystano testy nieparametryczne ANOVA Kruskala-Wallisa, porównania wielokrotne oraz współczynnik korelacji Pearsona. Stwierdzono, iż poziom zadłużenia ma istotny wpływ na siłę ekonomiczną gospodarstwa.
Abstract	The aim of the study is to determine the relation between Economic Size Unit and debt level in agriculture farms, in which have conducted farming accountancy according to the FADN system. The period of farm investigation covers the years 2004-2007. Objects of research have been chosen on the basis of the continuity criterion during researched years. The aim of statistic analyses was identifying the differences between divided ESU groups and the level of debt according to non-parametric tests like ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis, multiple comparisons between groups and Pearson correlation index. The conducted research has helped to formulate the following conclusion that the level of debt coefficient has had essential influence on affiliation to ESU groups of farms, which suggested that an economic power of agriculture holding is related to the external financing sources.
Cytowanie	Mądra M. (2009) Wpływ poziomu zadłużenia na siłę ekonomiczną gospodarstw rolniczych.Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria G, t. 96, z. 3: 191-201
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2009_n3_s191.pdf

Autor	Marzena Chmielewska
Tytuł	Podatek rolny w relacji do zasobów czynników wytwórczych gospodarstw rolniczych
Title	Agricultural tax versus production resources in agricultural farms
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Abstract	The paper presents relations between agricultural tax and chosen production resources in agricultural farms. The highest relation between agricultural tax and cropland area in 2006 recorded in all voivodships. The relationship between agricultural tax and possessed equity capital was comparatively low. Therefore, it could be ascertained that agriculture tax was relatively small tax burden for farmers and did not contribute to their activity production strategy. Most of farmers were against the implementation of income tax instead agriculture tax.
Cytowanie	Chmielewska M. (2009) Podatek rolny w relacji do zasobów czynników wytwórczych gospodarstw rolniczych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 78: 197-208
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n78_s197.pdf

Autor	Grażyna Karmowska, Anita Małecka
Tytuł	Ocena kondycji finansowej przedsiębiorstwa PGE
Title	Evaluation of PGE company’s financial condition
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Abstract	Economical estimation rating should aid administrating, current and strategic. At present time, more and more important are methods to detect and evaluate threats for companies continue activity. For addition to traditional factor analysis there are discrimination functions to value bankruptcy threats. PGE company was used for research purposes (company activity: electric and heat energy generating, distribution and dealing). The aim was to estimate financial condition with the use of selected methods of economical analysis). Four models were selected: A. Hołda, E. Mączyńska, J. Gajdka and D. Stos, and the Poznań-based. On their basis it is possible to certify that the company did not belong to the bankruptcy endangered entities. Despite the fact that, specific factors (quick ratio, current ratio, return on equity, return on assets, return on sales, capital multiplier, total asset turnover) indicated that the company’s financial condition should be monitored due to a descending tendencies.
Cytowanie	Karmowska G., Małecka A. (2009) Ocena kondycji finansowej przedsiębiorstwa PGE.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 76: 109-120
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n76_s109.pdf

Autor	Sławomir Juszczyk, Artur Nagórka
Tytuł	Finansowanie typu mezzanine jako rozwiązanie pośrednie między emisją akcji a kredytem bankowym
Title	Mezzanine fi nance as the type of fi nancing placed between the shares issue and the bank credit
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Abstract	Company in order to grow needs financing. The classic way is to acquire a credit from the bank. This is directly linked with the question of collateral what in case of the company is not the obvious choice. Another classic way of fi nuancing the company is the share issue. This solution is however linked with the question of ownership that is unavoidably diluted with every issue. Sometimes the company is on a excellent path of growth, does not want to disperse ownership, has already used all available asset for a collateral and still needs some capital because of the scale of the project. In this case the solution might be any of private capital sources. The possibility known since the 80’s is “mezzanine finance”. This is financing that combines some features of credit with some features of share issue and comes from the private investors. Because of its collateral, investment time range and the ways of running the company it is perceived to be appropriate for several years large projects generating sizeable and stable cash flows. This is as well a good path of development for the family run businesses where there is no evident heir and the management wishes to take over the company but lacks sufficient capital. Particularly in the times of crisis when the banks impose tight rules on credit policy and the stock exchange investors are reluctant to take any risks the mezzanine finance may be an answer for companies capital needs.
Cytowanie	Juszczyk S., Nagórka A. (2009) Finansowanie typu mezzanine jako rozwiązanie pośrednie między emisją akcji a kredytem bankowym.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 78: 47-58
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n78_s47.pdf