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Autor	Łukasz Zaremba
Tytuł	Vegetables Price Volatility in Poland – Onion and Carrot Case
Title
Słowa kluczowe	price volatility, seasonal fluctuations, standard deviation, producer export price, onion, carrot
Key words
Abstrakt	There are the producers who takes the weakest position on the agricultural market. Their activity is especially exposed to the risk factors. Price volatility which stays behind the price risk is one of the most important threats for producers’ incomes. Economic stability is a base for investment and development. That is why the price volatility is worth to having a look at. There are two species examined in this paper: onion and carrot. Both have a significant share in Polish vegetable production. Onion crops are mostly exported but carrot is being sold on the domestic market. Apart from the sales market there was no significant difference in analyzed period between farm-gate price volatility for both species. The measured volatility was getting lower in consecutive years of analyzed period; only in years of unfavorable weather conditions there were some growth. The analyze was conducted with usage of descriptive statistic on the logarithmic rates of return.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Zaremba Ł. (2017) Vegetables Price Volatility in Poland – Onion and Carrot Case.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 4: 339-345
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n4_s339.pdf

Autor	Kateryna Zavalniuk
Tytuł	Diversification as a modern growth strategy in agriculture
Title	Diversification as a modern growth strategy in agriculture
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	strategy, marketing strategy, diversification, agrarian groups, agricultural enterprises
Abstrakt
Abstract	The aim of the article is to examine the theoretical foundations of diversification strategy and identify the characteristics of its application in agriculture. The relevance of diversification strategy research is that its implementation allows additional income to be made, ensures financial stability for enterprise when demand for basic products fluctuates, and strengthens the competitive position in chosen markets. The importance for enterprise of implementing growth strategy is discussed, as is the economic essence of “marketing strategy”. Dynamic changes in the market force producers to review their activity and seek a more optimum development strategy. Diversification can be the optimal strategy when market conditions are uncertain. The article analyzes the essence and types of diversification along with the benefits and disadvantages of diversification strategy. As a result of the research, features of diversification strategy for the agricultural sector were analysed, the essence of which may be found in the unification of agricultural products with other kinds of activity. This is done to decrease the risk arising from receding demand for main agricultural products. The study found that the most effective and least risky strategy is vertical diversification, which involves obtaining a synergistic effect and reducing transaction costs (through the use of a single production chain from field to consumer).
Cytowanie	Zavalniuk K.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2017_n1_s123.pdf

Autor	Mariana Bil
Tytuł	Population spatial mobility: essence and characteristics
Title	Population spatial mobility: essence and characteristics
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	population spatial mobility, movement, level of spatial mobility, personalitytypes of spatial mobility, immobility
Abstrakt
Abstract	The aim of the paper is to improve theoretical foundations of the research of the population spatial mobility as an actual socio-economic concept and development of its three-dimensional model. Two basic concepts are used to understand spatial mobility – “mobility” and “space”. The population spatial mobility is suggested to consider its property, which reflects desire, willingness and opportunities to change a place of residence in specified space-time coordinates, which is accompanied by human potential capitalization during implementation processes. Immobility as the opposite property of mobility is identified. A three-dimensional model of the population spatial mobility is considered. The characteristics of the population spatial mobility are generalized. They include: subjectivity, level and scale display, tempology, transformation, goal orientation, potentiality, functionality, the ability to adjust and measurability. All the characteristics are described. The author points out that the methodology to determine the level of the population spatial mobility needs developing. The different types of the population spatial mobility are described in order to assess its level. This is active-mobile and passive-mobile population. The structure of the population spatial mobility is formed depending on the dominance of a particular personality type. The scale of spatial mobility as an important characteristic reflects desire, willingness and opportunities of movement for a specified distance. Functionality as the characteristic of spatial mobility reveals its ability to perform such functions as movement provision, stagnation resistance, balancing and alignment, variability, alternativeness, freedom, protection, development, self-responsibility and individualization. Goal orientation shows that the mobile property of a person allows them to more quickly meet the needs through the achievement of demanded goals compared to other members of society who are immobile. The actuality of the research of the population spatial mobility in the context of human development is proved in the conclusions.
Cytowanie	Bil M.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2017_n2_s5.pdf

Autor	Vasyl Lypchuk, Tetiana Stepura
Tytuł	Qualimetric approaches to the quality of human potential in Ukraine
Title	Qualimetric approaches to the quality of human potential in Ukraine
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	regional human potential quality, personal paradigm, qualimetry, time–space factors, energy, degree of harmonization
Abstrakt
Abstract	The article evaluates the main parameters of human potential quality of Ukraine’s region. The assessment is based on the quantitative measurement of sustainable development. The Euclidean metric was used. The quality of human potential as a multi-structuralphenomenon characterizes the levels of human potential characteristics developed according to the environment of its formation, as well as public and personal needs. It is indicated that a structural approach should be used to study the quality of regional human potential. This necessitates the separation of certain levels of sociogenesis. Those levels include the human body, individuality and personality. Quality is formed at each of them. In this article, using qualimetry, a quantitative measure of quality was evaluated using the level of the human body. This was the basis for the premise that the quality of human potential is formed in a three-dimensional system of time, space and energy parameters, corresponding to the demographic, ecological and economic dimensions. Various indicators can be the characteristics of each of the parameters, depending on the research focus. Using the methods proposed, the quality of the human potential of Ukrainian regions was evaluated. Indicators of the degree of harmonization and the quantitative measure of the quality were calculated. It was established that analytical conclusions should be considered not only the grade of the quality achieved, but also the degree of harmonisation of internal and external factors.
Cytowanie	Lypchuk V., Stepura T.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2017_n2_s41.pdf

Autor	Balázs Pozsár
Tytuł	Do better socioeconomic features of population mean more competitive regions?
Title	Do better socioeconomic features of population mean more competitive regions?
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	rural development, society, inequality, economy, education, innovation
Abstrakt
Abstract	The objective of the case study was to give an overview of differences between Hungarian regions from the aspect of socioeconomic factors. The paper deals with the distinct situations of NUTS 2 regions in order to get a general view of the country fromthat angle. Although, that approach is not the most detailed one, it makes possible to easily distinguish the competitive parts of the country. Secondary data were provided by the Hungarian Central Statistical Office (KSH) and National Territorial Development and SpatialPlanning Information System (TeIR) were used to present the distribution of population by various expositions. Unemployment rate, distribution of educational attainment, population growth, rate of ageing, vitality index, dependency ratio and GDP per capita were calculated and assembled to present the differences. The results are showing clearly, that Central Hungary (HU10), Central Transdanubia (HU21), Western Transdanubia (HU22) are currently competitive. The population of Southern Transdanubia (HU23) and Southern Great Plain (HU33) are aging, but stable from the view of economy related indexes. Northern Hungary (HU31) and Northern Great Plain (HU32) are considered laggards from that aspect, but have a considerable potential because of the age structure of the population. The paper alsointroduces some national and EU programmes which are meant to mitigate the effects of unfavourable situations.
Cytowanie	Pozsár B.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2017_n2_s55.pdf

Autor	Natalia Stepaniuk
Tytuł	Development of educational migration in Ukraine
Title	Development of educational migration in Ukraine
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	educational migration, economy, immigration, emigration, educational migrants, human capital, movement of intelligence, globalization
Abstrakt
Abstract	The article studies the historical development of educational migration processes in Ukraine. It processes the classification of educational migration in view of global instability and manifestations of the crisis. It also suggests measures that should be implemented to prevent significant educational immigration from Ukraine. It also determines that the prerequisite for the educational migration is the desire of an individual to get certain education, which can be classified in terms of desired level of qualification, professional specialization, directions, methods and ways of getting education and the desired result. It is noted that a specific feature of educational migration is its impact not only on the profitability of the educational sector (or a particular university), but also on the economy of the country (region) that provides educational services in general. In addition, the consumers of educational services are a potential workforce of corresponding qualifications. In order to define characteristic features of educational migration from Ukraine, it was necessary to identify individual characteristics of such transferences; that is why classification of educational migration was done in view of global instability and manifestations of the crisis. To maintain and expand the reproduction of intellectual potential, it was suggested to use effective measures of educational and migration policy that would quickly adapt to the changes in the global economic environment. It is necessary to apply the mechanisms which could establish systematic movement of intelligence, capital, and information in two mutually symmetrical directions (into Ukraine and out of Ukraine). It is necessary to strengthen the competitive advantages of Ukraine in science, education and high technologies.
Cytowanie	Stepaniuk N.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2017_n2_s101.pdf

Autor	Jolanta Żukowska
Tytuł	Integral human development
Title	Integral human development
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	ecology, international organizations, integral development
Abstrakt
Abstract	The concepts of sustainable development and corporate social responsibility are intended to humanize activity. However, are the existing concepts sufficient for them to fully realize their place in the world and its ecosystems, and to fulfill these roles? Is it necessary to seek a new concept of human organizational development, one which would strengthen the roles of creator, innovator and coordinator with total respect for the laws of nature? The author points to the contemporary threats and the need to search for new ideas and a more sensitive interaction with the environment, organizations, society and nature. This is necessary not only in meeting the goals of sustainable development, but also for development that is renewable, energy-efficient, closed loop, coordinated with nature and respecting its laws – and even using them. International organizations should not only prevent violence and preserve human rights, but also support the integrated development of individuals, communities and societies. They would thus help prevent stratification while increasing awareness and stimulating creativity. Integral development covers everything and everyone, is complete and respects the constant changes occurring in dynamic space. The concept of integral development seems now closer to modern humanity. Integrity means the interplay and interaction between all the elements of a set (organizations, communities, businesses, workers, the environment, nature) and the common good. This is not merely an idea but an actual necessity. Integral development is human development, and its organization is compatible with nature. This means being aware of coexistence and need to improve. In the absence of one or the other of these, it would not be possible to speak of integral development.
Cytowanie	Żukowska J.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2017_n2_s137.pdf

Autor	Anna Badura-Mojza
Tytuł	Zmiany w raportowaniu CSR w Polsce - studium przypadku
Title	Changes in CSR reporting in Poland - a case study
Słowa kluczowe	społeczna odpowiedzialność przedsiębiorstw, raporty społeczne, sprawozdawczość pozafinansowa
Key words	corporate social responsibility, social reports, non-financial reporting
Abstrakt	Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie zmian zachodzących w sprawozdawczości pozafinansowej oraz kanałów raportowania danych z zakresu CSR przez spółki notowane na głównym rynku Giełdy Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie S.A. w ramach indeksu WIG 30. Z przeprowadzanych analiz wynika, iż spółki WIG 30 odchodzą od wykazywanie informacji z zakresu CSR w tradycyjnych sprawozdaniach finansowych, decydują się na ujawnianie danych z obszaru CSR w specjalnych raportach i na swoich witrynach internetowych. Ponadto polscy liderzy raportowania pozafinansowego zdecydowali się na sporządzania zintegrowanych raportów rocznych. Pomimo, że raportowanie społeczne w Polsce jest nadal nową dziedziną to praktyka wskazuje na dynamikę rozwoju w zakresie raportowania danych pozafinansowych.
Abstract	The aim of this article is to present the changes in non-financial reporting and reporting channels of CSR data by companies listed on the main market of the Warsaw Stock Exchange within the WIG 30. Analyses show that companies are diverging from showing information in the field of CSR in traditional financial statements and decide on the disclosure of CSR in special reports and on their websites. In addition, Polish leaders of non-financial reporting, decided to prepare integrated annual reports. Although social reporting in Poland is still a new area, practice indicates on the dynamics of development in the field of reporting non-financial data.
Cytowanie	Badura-Mojza A. (2017) Zmiany w raportowaniu CSR w Polsce - studium przypadku.Zarządzanie Finansami i Rachunkowość, nr 3: 5-17
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Pełny tekst	ZFIR_2017_n3_s5.pdf

Autor	Katarzyna Drabarczyk, Tomasz Siudek
Tytuł	Rozwój powiatów województwa mazowieckiego – wymiar ekologiczny
Title	ECOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE MAZOVIA COUNTIES
Słowa kluczowe	rozwój ekologiczny, wskaźnik syntetyczny, powiaty, województwo mazowieckie, Polska
Key words	ecological development, synthetic index, counties, Mazovia region, Poland
Abstrakt	Głównym celem artykułu jest określenie poziomu rozwoju ekologicznego powiatów województwa mazowieckiego przy wykorzystaniu oryginalnego wskaźnika syntetycznego, do którego konstrukcji wykorzystano analizę czynnikową. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że w latach 2006–2015 pod względem ekologicznym najbardziej rozwinięte były powiaty siedlecki, lipski i radomski, a najsłabiej – kozienicki i miasta na prawach powiatu (w tym Warszawa). Dysproporcje rozwojowe między powiatami Mazowsza w tym czasie uległy zmniejszeniu.
Abstract	The main aim of this paper is to determine the level of ecological development of the Poland’s Mazovia counties (poviats) on the basis of the original synthetic index constructed with the use of factor analysis. According to the obtained results, in the years 2006–2015, the highest level of ecological development was achieved by such counties, as: Siedlecki, Lipski and Radomski, while the lowest one in Kozienicki county and towns with county rights (including Warsaw). The development disparities between the Mazovia poviats have decreased over this period.
Cytowanie	Drabarczyk K., Siudek T. (2017) Rozwój powiatów województwa mazowieckiego – wymiar ekologiczny.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 120: 55-67
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2017_n120_s55.pdf

Autor	Mikołaj Jalinik
Tytuł	Promocja w rozwoju sylwanoturystyki
Title	Promotion in the development of sylvanoturystyka
Słowa kluczowe	promocja, środki promocji, rozwój sylwanoturystyki, obszary leśne
Key words	promotion, promotion measures, development sylvanoturistics, forest areas
Abstrakt	Sylwanoturystyka wiąże się z rozwojem ruchu turystycznego na obszarach leśnych1.Intensyfikacja tej formy wypoczynku stwarza szanse aktywizacji wielu jednostkomgospodarczym i obszarom o szczególnie wysokim stopniu zalesienia. Obszary leśne cechująniepowtarzalne i jedyne w swoim rodzaju walory turystyczne, które powinny być skuteczniepromowane. Opracowanie przedstawia zalety sylwanoturystyki jako formy wypoczynku, motywyjej uprawiania oraz środki promocji wpływające na jej dynamiczny rozwój.
Abstract	Sylvanoturism is associated with the development of tourism in the forest areas, which decisivelyaffect the physical and mental performance of each person. The development of this form ofleisure creates opportunities for activation of many economic entities as well as areas with particularlyhigh afforestation. Forest areas have unique and unique tourist values that should be promoted effectively.The study presents the advantage of sylvanoturism, as a form of rest, its motifs and promotionmeasures, which should be used effectively to develop dynamically.
Cytowanie	Jalinik M.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2017_n7_s13.pdf

Autor	Lucyna Przezbórska-Skobiej
Tytuł	Tourism in the bio-economy of Poland (regional perspective)
Title
Słowa kluczowe	tourism, rural areas, development, smart specialization, bio-economy, regions
Key words
Abstrakt	The main purpose of the paper was to determine a place of tourism in the bio--economy of the Polish regions as well as spatial analysis of smart specializations of the regionsregarding tourism and recreation activities. The paper is based on the review of strategicdocuments, expertise and scientific papers. The analysis shows that bio-economy in has beendirectly indicated as smart specialization only two provinces of Poland and tourism developmentis usually associated with the development of medicine and health services.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Przezbórska-Skobiej L.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2017_n7_s71.pdf

Autor	Agata Balińska
Tytuł	Sieciowe produkty turystyczne jako przykład przedsiębiorczościna obszarach wiejskich
Title	Networked tourism products as an example of entrepreneurship in rural areas
Słowa kluczowe	sieciowe produkty turystyczne, przedsiębiorczość, turystyka wiejska
Key words	network tourism products, entrepreneurship, rural tourism
Abstrakt	W artykule zaprezentowano koncepcję sieciowego produktu turystycznego jakoformy przedsiębiorczości na obszarach wiejskich. Wskazano pozytywne wymiary tego typuproduktów oraz bariery, które ograniczają ich rozwój.
Abstract	The article presents the concept of a tourist product network as a form of entrepreneurshipin rural areas. Positive dimensions of such products and barriers that limit their development areThe article presents the concept of a tourist product network as a form of entrepreneurshipin rural areas. Positive dimensions of such products and barriers that limit their development areindicated.
Cytowanie	Balińska A.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2017_n8_s5.pdf

Autor	Małgorzata Bogusz, Sylwia Galiszewska
Tytuł	Determinanty rozwoju agroturystyki w powiecie gorlickim
Title	Determinants of the development of agritourism in Gorlice county
Słowa kluczowe	agroturystyka, powiat gorlicki, determinanty rozwoju agroturystyki
Key words	agritourism, Gorlice county, determinants of agritourism development
Abstrakt	Celem opracowania było rozpoznanie i ocena determinantów wpływających narozwój agroturystyki w powiecie gorlickim. Materiał badawczy obejmował wyniki wywiadówprzeprowadzonych z kwaterodawcami oraz zebranych opinii od agroturystów. Oceniono najważniejszedeterminanty mające wpływ na rozwój agroturystyki na badanym obszarze. Dokonanaanaliza potwierdziła, że najważniejszym czynnikiem rozwoju agroturystyki w powieciegorlickim są uwarunkowania przyrodnicze regionu. Dowiodła również, że szansą na lepszefunkcjonowanie gospodarstw agroturystycznych byłaby wzajemna współpraca kwaterodawcóww ramach różnych organizacji.
Abstract	The aim was to identify and evaluate the determinants influencing the development of agritourismin the Gorlice county. The research material consisted of interviews with owners of agritourismfarms and opinions collected from agritourists. The most important determinants affecting thedevelopment of agritourism in the studied area were assessed. The analysis confirmed that the mostimportant factor in the development of agritourism in the Gorlice county are the natural conditionsof the region. It also proved that the chance for better functioning of agritourism farms would be themutual co-operation of quarters within various organizations.
Cytowanie	Bogusz M., Galiszewska S.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2017_n8_s25.pdf

Autor	Solomia Fedushko, Yuriy Serov, Mariya Yanovska
Tytuł	The specifics of using wiki-technology for popularizationof state administrative organizations on the exampleof university
Title
Słowa kluczowe	wiki-technology, promotion, web-site, administrative organization
Key words
Abstrakt	The article considers important problem of state administrative organizationspopularization using wiki-technologies. This technology allows creating powerful informationresources for the different purposes: educational, promotional, knowledge-sharing, etc.As example, development of Electronic Encyclopedia of Lviv Polytechnic National Universitybased on wiki-technologies was described and main steps of its development analyzed.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Fedushko S., Serov Y., Yanovska M.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2017_n8_s55.pdf

Autor	Diana Naherniuk, Vitalii Rybchak
Tytuł	Tourism industry as an instrument of economic developmentof Ukraine
Title
Słowa kluczowe	tourism, tourism industry, competitiveness, development, potential
Key words
Abstrakt	The article is dedicated to the main problems of development of tourism industryas an instrument of economic development of Ukraine in the conditions of globalizationof economic processes. The current state of tourism development in Ukraine was determinedand practical propositions on ensuring of economic development of the country owingto tourism were offered. The competitive advantages and weaknesses of tourism industry inUkraine were studied. Top priority measures to provide incentives for the successful developmentof inbound and domestic tourism in Ukraine were proposed. It was ascertained that thepriority task was creation a competitive national tourism product on the basis of systematicmarketing activity aimed at the exact positioning of different types of tourism products adaptedto consumers’ requirements and expectations.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Naherniuk D., Rybchak V.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2017_n8_s65.pdf

Autor	Arkadiusz Niedziółka
Tytuł	Zarządzanie strategiczne i marketingowe w turystycekulturowej na obszarach wiejskich powiatu nowotarskiego
Title	The strategic and marketing management of cultural tourism in rural areasof the Nowy Targ County
Słowa kluczowe	wiejska turystyka kulturowa, agroturystyka, folklor, zarządzanie, dziedzictwokulturowo-historyczne
Key words	rural cultural tourism, agritourism, folklore, management, cultural and historical heritage
Abstrakt	Praca przedstawia koncepcje zarządzania marketingowego oraz strategicznegow wiejskiej turystyce kulturowej stosowane w powiecie nowotarskim przez władze lokalneoraz stowarzyszenia agroturystyczne. W części teoretycznej artykułu opisano na podstawieliteratury przedmiotu metody marketingowo-zarządcze realizowane w rozwoju tej turystyki.Zaprezentowano najważniejsze walory turystyczne regionu badań. Popularna tutaj jest turystykakulturowa polegająca na poznawaniu przez turystów lokalnego folkloru, dziedzictwakulturowo-historycznego, uczestniczenia w różnych imprezach kulturowych oraz zwiedzaniazabytków architektury (np. zamków, dworów), muzeów i skansenów. W części empirycznejprzedstawiono wyniki badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych we wszystkich gminach wiejskichi miejsko-wiejskich powiatu nowotarskiego. Ukazano ponadto wyniki badań przeprowadzonychz prezesami dwóch stowarzyszeń agroturystycznych. Wszystkie badania miały na celuprzedstawienie koncepcji zarządzania strategicznego i marketingowego w rozwoju wiejskiejturystyki kulturowej.
Abstract	The work presents conceptions of the marketing management and strategic managementof rural cultural tourism used by local authorities and agritourism associations in Nowy Targ County.In the theoretical part of the article, the marketing and management methods, which are realized inthis form of tourism were described on the ground of the source literature. The most important touristvalues of the study region were presented. Cultural tourism, which involves learning by tourists localfolklore, cultural and historical heritage, participation in various cultural events and visiting architecturalmonuments, castles, mansions, museums and open-air museums, is popular here. In the empiricalpart of the article, the results of surveys conducted in all rural and urban and rural communes inNowy Targ County were presented. Moreover the results of surveys conducted with the chairmen oftwo agritourism associations were presented, too. All surveys aimed at specifying the conception ofstrategic management and marketing management in the development of rural cultural tourism.
Cytowanie	Niedziółka A.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2017_n8_s73.pdf

Autor	Ewa Stawicka
Tytuł	CSR w kontekście zrównoważonego rozwoju sektorarolno-spożywczego
Title	CSR in the context of sustainable development of the agri-food sector
Słowa kluczowe	społeczna odpowiedzialność, rolnictwo, agrobiznes, zrównoważony rozwój
Key words	social responsibility, agriculture, agribusiness, sustainable development
Abstrakt	W artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę polskiego sektora rolno-spożywczegow kontekście zrównoważonego rozwoju. Celem artykułu było podkreślenie mocnych i słabychstron w sektorze rolno-spożywczym w aspekcie dążenia do założeń zrównoważonego rozwoju.Społeczna odpowiedzialność w obszarach: rynek, środowisko, społeczeństwo i pracownicy toelementy sprzyjające realizacji 17 zrównoważonych celów. W sektorze rolno-spożywczym działaniaw kierunku społecznej odpowiedzialności są w fazie rozwoju, pojawia się jednak corazwięcej dobrych praktyk.
Abstract	The article presents the characteristics of the Polish agri-food sector in the context of socialresponsibility in agribusiness. The aim of the article was to highlight the strengths and weaknessesin the agri-food sector in terms of striving for the assumptions of sustainable development. Socialresponsibility in the areas of: market, environment, society and employees are elements conducive tothe implementation of 17 sustainable goals. In the agri-food sector, activities towards social responsibilityare under development, but there are more and more good practices.
Cytowanie	Stawicka E.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2017_n8_s93.pdf

Autor	Przemysław Szczuciński
Tytuł	Analiza skupień w badaniu struktury funkcjonalnej gminna przykładzie województwa lubuskiego
Title	Cluster analysis in study of the functional structure of communesat the example of Lubuskie Voivodeship
Słowa kluczowe	struktura funkcjonalna gmin, województwo lubuskie, rozwój lokalny, analizaskupień
Key words	structure of communes, Lubuskie Voivodeship, local development, clusteranalysis
Abstrakt	W teorii oraz praktyce badań nad rozwojem regionalnym i lokalnym duże znaczenieprzypisuje się oddolnym, lokalnym czynnikom rozwoju. W tym względzie jako przedmiotbadań szczególną rolę pełnią gminy. W artykule przedstawiono przegląd wybranych koncepcjiw klasyfikacji gmin oraz wyniki przeprowadzonych w tym zakresie badań. Na przykładzie województwalubuskiego określono strukturę funkcjonalną gmin, tj. według pełnionych przez niefunkcji gospodarczych. Do tego celu zastosowano jedną z metod analizy skupień – metodęWarda. Sporządzony podział na wybraną liczbę klas poddano weryfikacji merytorycznej i statystycznej.Otrzymane wyniki stanowić mogą wskazówkę w zarządzaniu rozwojem przestrzennymregionu.
Abstract	In theoretical and practical study of regional and local development considerable emphasisis placed on grass-root, local development factors. A particular role in this regard play communes, assubject of the study. This article presents review of selected concepts in commune classification andresults of surveys carried out within this scope. The functional structure of communes was specifiedat the example of Lubuskie Voivodeship, i.e. according to economic role played by them. For that purposeone of cluster analysis method was applied – Ward’s method. The division for selected numberof classes was subject to factual and statistical verification. The obtained results may serve as guidancein management of spatial development of the region.
Cytowanie	Szczuciński P.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2017_n8_s105.pdf

Autor	Krystyna Krzyżanowska, Marzena Trajer
Tytuł	Rolnictwo ekologiczne w Polsce i perspektywy jego rozwojuw kontekście PROW 2014–2020
Title	Organic farming in Poland and its development potential underthe Rural Development Programme for 2014–2020
Słowa kluczowe	rolnictwo ekologiczne, Unia Europejska, PROW 2014–2020
Key words	organic farming, European Union, Rural Development Programme for 2014–2020
Abstrakt	Celem opracowania było określenie pozycji polskiego rolnictwa ekologicznego natle rolnictwa ekologicznego w Unii Europejskiej (UE), regionalnego rozmieszczenia producentówekologicznych w Polsce, a także rozpoznanie zakresu wsparcia finansowego w ramach ProgramuRozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich w latach 2014–2020. W artykule wykorzystano dane wtórne i zastosowanometodę analizy porównawczej. Pod względem liczby gospodarstw ekologicznych Polskaw 2015 r. zajęła szóstą pozycję w UE. Z analizy wynika, że najwięcej wniosków o dofinansowanieprodukcji ekologicznej w ramach działania „Rolnictwo ekologiczne” zostało zrealizowanychw województwach z największą liczbą gospodarstw ekologicznych w Polsce, a więc zachodniopomorskim,warmińsko-mazurskim i podlaskim.
Abstract	The aim of the study was determination of the position of Polish organic farming comparingto organic farming in European Union, defining the regional locations of organic farming producersin Poland and identification of the financial support under the Rural Development Programme for2014–2020. In the article the secondary data and the method of comparative analysis were used.Concerning the number of ecological farms, Poland had the sixth position in the European Union in2015. The analysis shows that the largest number of applications for co-financing of organic productionwithin framework for action „Organic farming” were implemented in the voivodeships with thelargest number of organic farms in Poland: Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship, Warmińsko-mazurskievoivodeship and Podlaskie voivodeship.
Cytowanie	Krzyżanowska K., Trajer M.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2017_n8_s115.pdf

Autor	Michał Roman, Michał Wielechowski
Tytuł	Stan sektora turystycznego w Polsce i Unii Europejskiej.
Title	STATE OF THE TOURISM SECTOR IN POLAND AND IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Słowa kluczowe	sektor turystyczny, przemysł turystyczny, gospodarka turystyczna, wyjazdy turystyczne, Polska, Unia Europejska
Key words	tourism sector, tourism industry, tourism economy, tourism trips, Poland, European Union
Abstrakt	Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie stanu sektora turystycznego w Unii Europejskiej (UE), ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Polski. W pracy wykorzystano dane z lat 2005-2014 pochodzące z World Travel & Tourism Council, Eurostatu oraz raportów Instytutu Turystyki. Ważnym wskaźnikiem rozwoju turystyki jest sytuacja makroekonomiczna, która ma wpływ na kondycję ekonomiczną mieszkańców. W sytuacji obniżenia poziomu zamożności Europejczycy rezygnują z dóbr luksusowych, w tym z podróży turystycznych. Wkład przemysłu turystycznego i gospodarki turystycznej UE w PKB i zatrudnienie w UE należy uznać za istotny. W latach 2009-2010 nastąpił spadek liczby wyjazdów turystycznych Polaków, natomiast w roku 2011 odnotowano ich wzrost. W analizowanym okresie wyjazdy długookresowe były bardziej popularne od krótkookresowych.
Abstract	The aim of the article was to present the state of the tourism sector in the European Union, with particular emphasis on Poland. Data from the World Travel & Tourism Council, Eurostat and reports of the Institute of Tourism for the years 2005-2014 was used in the study. An important indicator of the development of tourism is the macroeconomic situation, which has an impact on the economic situation of the residents. In case of a reduction in the level of wealth, Europeans give up luxury goods, including tourist travels. The contribution of the tourism industry and the tourism economy of the EU towards GDP and employment in the EU is essential. The presented analysis showed that in the years 2009-2010, there was a decrease in the number of Polish to­urist trips, while the year 2011 saw a reversal of this trend. In the analyzed period, long-term travels were more popular than short-term trips.
Cytowanie	Roman M., Wielechowski M. (2016) Stan sektora turystycznego w Polsce i Unii Europejskiej..Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 103, z. 1: 86-94
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2016_n1_s86.pdf