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Autor	Tetiana Kaminska, Natalia Wasilewska
Tytuł	PRECONDITIONS OF LAND RELATIONS DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMIC, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL
Title
Słowa kluczowe	economic, legal and institutional preconditions, land market, land evaluation, mortgage institution, moratorium on sale of agricultural land.
Key words
Abstrakt	This paper discusses the issues related to the implementation of the land reform in Ukraine. The purpose of the research is to work out a system of measures aimed at developing land relations, in particular, the introduction of the land market in Ukraine, as well as determining the economic impact of the effective turnover of land plots. The analysis of the economic situation in Ukraine over the past 10 years has been carried out. Issues related to land legislation, in particular land valuation, are briefly identified. The institutions without functioning of which the introduction of the land market is impossible, are established. The conducted analysis gave basis to the proposal of preconditions of economic, legal and institutional character, necessary for the successful development of land relations. The article also proposes mortgage refinancing mechanism through the issue of mortgage land securities.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Kaminska T., Wasilewska N. (2018) PRECONDITIONS OF LAND RELATIONS DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMIC, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 20(69): 234-244
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2018_n69_s234.pdf

Autor	Katarzyna Żak
Tytuł	Poland’s Position on the Investment Development Path
Title	Poland’s Position on the Investment Development Path
Słowa kluczowe	Foreign Development Investment (FDI), Investment Development Path Model (IDP Model), Poland
Key words	Foreign Development Investment (FDI), Investment Development Path Model (IDP Model), Poland
Abstrakt	In the modern world based on open national economies, individual countries are closely related and even interdependent in terms of trade, investment flows, labor migration, as well as cooperation at the level of enterprises. The role of enterprises in foreign markets in the form of FDI is growing, while the national economies compete for the inflow of such capital. Due to the fact that since the 1990s Poland has been extensively involved in internationalization processes, it seems important to find answers to the questions: how has the inflow of FDI into the country evolved over the years; what position have Polish investors built in foreign markets during this time; and, finally, what is the current position of Poland on the investment development path. To answer these questions, research tools such as the review of domestic and foreign literature were used and desk research (based on NBP and UNCTAD statistical databases) was carried out to determine the position of the Polish economy in the IDP model. The analyses indicate that since 2008, Poland has been moving towards the third phase of the IDP model in a slow but steady manner.
Abstract	In the modern world based on open national economies, individual countries are closely related and even interdependent in terms of trade, investment flows, labor migration, as well as cooperation at the level of enterprises. The role of enterprises in foreign markets in the form of FDI is growing, while the national economies compete for the inflow of such capital. Due to the fact that since the 1990s Poland has been extensively involved in internationalization processes, it seems important to find answers to the questions: how has the inflow of FDI into the country evolved over the years; what position have Polish investors built in foreign markets during this time; and, finally, what is the current position of Poland on the investment development path. To answer these questions, research tools such as the review of domestic and foreign literature were used and desk research (based on NBP and UNCTAD statistical databases) was carried out to determine the position of the Polish economy in the IDP model. The analyses indicate that since 2008, Poland has been moving towards the third phase of the IDP model in a slow but steady manner.
Cytowanie	Żak K. (2018) Poland’s Position on the Investment Development Path.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 4: 515-524
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n4_s515.pdf

Autor	Victor Artish, Ruslan Buriak, Mykola Orlykovskyi
Tytuł	Management and Certification Process for Organic Production in Ukraine and Poland
Title	Management and Certification Process for Organic Production in Ukraine and Poland
Słowa kluczowe	organic production, agricultural production, quality, agriculture, control, certification, financial support
Key words	organic production, agricultural production, quality, agriculture, control, certification, financial support
Abstrakt	A systematic analysis of trends in the development of organic products in Ukraine and Poland was carried out, which showed that the total area of certified ecological lands for the study period from 2006-2016 in Ukraine increased by 1.7 times, and in Poland from 2004-2014 it increased by 12 times. It has been established that the most significant impact on qualitative structural changes in the economic sector is adjustment to European standards that establish a favorable system of agricultural production regulation, marking and inspection of organic products. This is why Poland, while being in the European Union, has a significant advantage over Ukraine. The system of control and certification by the authorized bodies is generalized, as well as the mechanism of financial support for organic agricultural production. The necessity of using the experience of Poland with the purpose of greening agriculture and development of organic agricultural production in Ukraine is emphasized.
Abstract	A systematic analysis of trends in the development of organic products in Ukraine and Poland was carried out, which showed that the total area of certified ecological lands for the study period from 2006-2016 in Ukraine increased by 1.7 times, and in Poland from 2004-2014 it increased by 12 times. It has been established that the most significant impact on qualitative structural changes in the economic sector is adjustment to European standards that establish a favorable system of agricultural production regulation, marking and inspection of organic products. This is why Poland, while being in the European Union, has a significant advantage over Ukraine. The system of control and certification by the authorized bodies is generalized, as well as the mechanism of financial support for organic agricultural production. The necessity of using the experience of Poland with the purpose of greening agriculture and development of organic agricultural production in Ukraine is emphasized.
Cytowanie	Artish V., Buriak R., Orlykovskyi M. (2018) Management and Certification Process for Organic Production in Ukraine and Poland.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 3: 59-66
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n3_s59.pdf

Autor	Agata Szczukocka
Tytuł	Rozwój sektora rolnego w Polsce i krajach Unii Europejskiej
Title	Development of the Agricultural Sector in Poland and European Union Countries
Słowa kluczowe	sektor rolny, syntetyczny miernik rozwoju
Key words	agricultural sector, synthetic development measure
Abstrakt	Rola i znaczenie sektora rolnego ulega zmianom w procesie rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego. Pomimo zachodzących zmian rolnictwo w Polsce nadal jest ważnym sektorem gospodarki, a Polska jest znaczącym producentem żywności. W artykule podjęto próbę oceny rozwoju sektora rolnego w Polsce według województw oraz w krajach Unii Europejskiej wykorzystując wskaźniki ekonomiczne. Przeprowadzono analizę dynamiki zmian w poziomie zatrudnienia i wartości dodanej brutto w ujęciu trzech sektorów. Zastosowanie do badania syntetycznej miary rozwoju umożliwiło dokonanie oceny poszczególnych województw oraz krajów Unii Europejskiej z punktu widzenia rozwoju sektora rolnego. Badanie wykazało, że w ostatnich latach rola sektora rolnego w Polsce i krajach Unii Europejskiej uległa zmniejszeniu. Poza tym zaobserwowano duże zróżnicowanie w rozwoju rolnictwa w układzie województw oraz w krajach Unii Europejskiej.
Abstract	The role and importance of the agricultural sector is changing in the process of socio-economic development. Despite the ongoing changes, agriculture in Poland is still an important sector of the economy, and Poland is a major producer of food. The article attempts to assess the development of the agricultural sector in Poland, by voivodships and in comparison with European Union countries, using economic indicators. An analysis of the dynamics of changes in the level of employment and gross value added in terms of three sectors was carried out. Application to the synthetic measure of development made it possible to assess individual voivodships and EU countries from the point of view of the development of the agricultural sector. The research has shown that in recent years the role of the agricultural sector in Poland and European Union countries has decreased. In addition, there was a large variation in the development of agriculture in the system of provinces and in the countries of the European Union.
Cytowanie	Szczukocka A. (2018) Rozwój sektora rolnego w Polsce i krajach Unii Europejskiej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 1: 275-286
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n1_s275.pdf

Autor	Paulina Osborne, Svetlana Petrascu, Daniela Popa, Elena Timofti
Tytuł	The Investment Attractiveness of the Agricultural Sector in Republic of Moldova in Terms of European Integration
Title	The Investment Attractiveness of the Agricultural Sector in Republic of Moldova in Terms of European Integration
Słowa kluczowe	economic growth, investment attractiveness, investment environment, project financing, bank loans
Key words	economic growth, investment attractiveness, investment environment, project financing, bank loans
Abstrakt	The modernization of the Agro-food sector, and revitalization of its conditions and standards, needs to attract funding sources from international donors, which helps stimulate the development of high value agriculture. Consequently, attracting agricultural investment is a strategic priority for Moldovan farmers, as this represents tangible economic growth based on retooling and modernization of agriculture. The National Bureau of Statistics ranks Moldova second in relation to the interest rates charged for loans. The average annual interest rate for lending to agriculture is 14.13%. Georgia in first place with 29%. Despite all the successes of banking, agriculture (as a sector) still remains an unattractive investment for banks in Moldova. The banking sector has also expressed reluctance in supporting small-scale agribusiness.
Abstract	The modernization of the Agro-food sector, and revitalization of its conditions and standards, needs to attract funding sources from international donors, which helps stimulate the development of high value agriculture. Consequently, attracting agricultural investment is a strategic priority for Moldovan farmers, as this represents tangible economic growth based on retooling and modernization of agriculture. The National Bureau of Statistics ranks Moldova second in relation to the interest rates charged for loans. The average annual interest rate for lending to agriculture is 14.13%. Georgia in first place with 29%. Despite all the successes of banking, agriculture (as a sector) still remains an unattractive investment for banks in Moldova. The banking sector has also expressed reluctance in supporting small-scale agribusiness.
Cytowanie	Osborne P., Petrascu S., Popa D., Timofti E. (2018) The Investment Attractiveness of the Agricultural Sector in Republic of Moldova in Terms of European Integration.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 3: 315-322
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n3_s315.pdf

Autor	Katarzyna Kita
Tytuł	Zmiany samowystarczalności żywnościowej wybranych krajów azjatyckich
Title	Changes in food self-suffi ciency of selected Asian countries
Słowa kluczowe	samowystarczalność żywnościowa, spożycie produktów rolno-żywnościowych, ryż, ASEAN
Key words	food self-suffi ciency, agri-food consumption, rice, ASEAN
Abstrakt	Celem artykułu jest określenie zmian poziomu samowystarczalności żywnościowej w krajach ASEAN, definiowanej jako relacja między krajowym zużyciem a produkcją z wyodrębnieniem konsumpcji poszczególnych artykułów rolno-spożywczych. Z uwagi na uwarunkowania historyczne, geograficzne i kulturowe ryż jest w centrum zainteresowania rządów krajów ASEAN. Tylko w Tajlandii, Wietnamie i Kambodży wskaźnik samowystarczalności przewyższał 100%. Z kolei we wszystkich krajach członkowskich produkcja zaspokajała potrzeby rynku wewnętrznego w zakresie roślin cukrodajnych. Stosunkowo największe braki w produkcji odnotowano w odniesieniu do mleka. Zaobserwowano także wzrost spożycia produktów rolno-spożywczych zarówno pochodzenia roślinnego (z wyjątkiem zbóż, roślin okopowych), jak i zwierzęcego. Przy czym większą dynamiką charakteryzowała się konsumpcja tych ostatnich. Odnotowany rosnący popyt na produkty pochodzenia zwierzęcego jest efektem szybkiego rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego krajów ASEAN, w ślad za którym następują zmiany w strukturze konsumpcji żywności w kierunku wzorców obserwowanych w krajach rozwiniętych.
Abstract	The aim of the article is to discuss changes food self-sufficiency in ASEAN countries, defined as the proportion of domestic consumption to domestic production. With regard to rice, which due to historical, geographical and cultural conditions is the focus of the governments of all member countries in ASEAN, only in Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia the self-sufficiency rate exceeded 100%. In turn, in all Member States, production has met the needs of the internal markets in the field of sugar crops. Relatively biggest shortages of production were noticed for milk. An increase in the consumption of agri-food products of both vegetable origin and animal products was observed. But the consumption of the latter was more dynamic. The growing demand for products of animal origin is the result of rapid socio-economic development of ASEAN countries, followed by changes in the structure of food consumed towards patterns observed in developed countries.
Cytowanie	Kita K. (2018) Zmiany samowystarczalności żywnościowej wybranych krajów azjatyckich.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 121: 55-70
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2018_n121_s55.pdf

Autor	Bartłomiej Bajan, Aldona Mrówczynska-Kamińska
Tytuł	GLOBAL DIFFERENCES IN LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN THE AGRIBUSINESS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	agribusiness, labour productivity, economic growth
Key words
Abstrakt	The purpose of this paper is to assess the global differences in labour productivity in the agribusiness. The relationship between a country’s economic development level (measured as GDP per capita) and labour productivity in the agriculture and across the entire agribusiness was measured in 39 countries around the world (which are entered to the World Input-Output Database and for which the relevant I/O tables were prepared) in 2000 and 2014. The input-output analysis, employed as the main research method, enabled the calculation of value added in the agriculture and elsewhere in the agribusiness. The results suggest the existence of a positive linear association between agribusiness labour productivity and economic development level, as corroborated by previous observations. In turn, two separate groups are noticeable in the relationship between agricultural labour productivity and the level of development of a country. In the first group of countries, agricultural labour productivity grows fast as the economy grows whereas in the second group, the growth rate of labour productivity clearly decreases as the economy grows. This study is a part of the discussion on the global agricultural development model which, on the one hand, calls for increasing the productivity of agricultural labour and, on the other, shows a need to reduce environmental degradation.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Bajan B., Mrówczynska-Kamińska A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s191.pdf

Autor	Zenon Pokojski
Tytuł	IN SEARCHING FOR BUSINESS MODEL OPEN FOR INNOVATIONS ON AGRICULTURAL MARKET – CONCEPTUAL APPROACH
Title
Słowa kluczowe	open innovations, business model, cooperation platform, foundation
Key words
Abstrakt	Open innovation requires skills to manage various processes of knowledge development, such as the ability to acquire knowledge, its commercialization, development and protection of intellectual property, shaping the relationship between the company and its surroundings. Many companies declare openness to innovations, at the same time the organizational structure, existing procedures, management culture, incentive systems are not ready to seek and transfer knowledge. The biggest challenge for managers is to carry out a transformation process from closed organization to an origination that is open to innovation. The article analyses the possibility of building an organizational and legal structure with the so-called ‘permeable borders’, open to innovation. After reviewing the literature, analysing the cases of chemical companies, conducting interviews with members of the Grupa Azoty Puławy consortium, I propose a cooperation platform for various organizations operating for the agricultural market which is open to acquiring and implementing innovations, but also for outsourcing.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Pokojski Z.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s237.pdf

Autor	Łukasz Kozar
Tytuł	Sektor energetyczny, a wyzwania zrównoważonego rozwoju – analiza przestrzennego zróżnicowania sytuacji w UE w oparciu o wybrane wskaźniki
Title	Energy sector and the challenges of sustainable development – analysis of spatial differentiation of the situation in the EU based on selected indicators
Słowa kluczowe	zrównoważony rozwój, odnawialne źródła energii, sektor energetyczny, efektywność energetyczna
Key words	sustainable development, renewable energy sources, energy sector, energy efficiency
Abstrakt	W artykule przedstawiono wybrane kwestie aktualnie poruszane w zakresie zrównoważonego rozwoju w Unii Europejskiej, a związane jednocześnie z sektorem energetycznym. Stąd też została omówiona problematyka zasobooszczędności oraz efektywności energetycznej, produkcji energii z odnawialnych źródeł, czy też wykluczenia społecznego wywołanego brakiem dostępności do źródeł energii po przystępnej cenie. Poza analizą literatury przedmiotu został przedstawiony ranking krajów Unii Europejskiej (UE-28) pod względem poziomu rozwoju sektora energetycznego w kontekście problematyki zrównoważonego rozwoju. W tym celu przeprowadzono wielowymiarową analizę porównawczą przy użyciu wybranych w toku analizy teoretycznej 8 wskaźników dotyczących aspektów społecznych, gospodarczych i środowiskowych związanych z rozwojem sektora energetycznego. Zakres czasowy analizy obejmował 2016 r. (dostępność danych). Źródłem wartości przyjętych zmiennych był Eurostat. Przeprowadzone analizy wykazały, iż najlepszą sytuacją w zakresie sektora energetycznego na tle ogółu przebadanych państw cechowała się Dania.
Abstract	The article presents selected issues currently discussed in the field of sustainable development in the European Union, and related at the same time to the energy sector. Therefore, the issues of resource efficiency and energy efficiency, energy production from renewable sources, or social exclusion caused by the lack of access to affordable energy sources were discussed. In addition to the analysis of the literature on the subject, the ranking of the European Union countries (EU-28) in terms of the level of development of the energy sector in the context of sustainable development was presented. For this purpose, a multidimensional comparative analysis was carried out using 8 indicators selected in the course of theoretical analysis concerning social, economic and environmental aspects related to the development of the energy sector. The time scope of the analysis covered 2016 (data availability). The source of values of the adopted variables was Eurostat. The analyzes carried out showed that the best situation in the energy sector compared to all of the countries surveyed was characterized by Denmark.
Cytowanie	Kozar Ł. (2018) Sektor energetyczny, a wyzwania zrównoważonego rozwoju – analiza przestrzennego zróżnicowania sytuacji w UE w oparciu o wybrane wskaźniki.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 3: 173-186
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n3_s173.pdf

Autor	Bernadetta Dziura, Bogusław Ślusarczyk
Tytuł	SOCIAL CAPITAL AS A STIMULANT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTERPRISES IN THE PODKARPACKIE PROVINCE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	social capital, intellectual capital, enterprise, development
Key words
Abstrakt	Social capital is one of the essential elements of an enterprise’s development. Enterprises with a high level of social capital, due to the smooth flow of information, are predisposed to achieve higher innovation, gaining an advantage over competitors (Przybysz, 2011). The social capital affects the creation of the unique value of an enterprise, mainly through the structures of the connections network, social and cultural norms as well as trust (Dziura, 2016). Nowadays, it is analysed at various levels and in varying degrees, also in relation to territorial systems, including the provincial level. The present paper is an attempt to analyse and describe the impact of social capital on development of selected enterprises in the Podkarpackie province. Authors of the article, due to the conducted surveys, application of statistical methods and analysis of financial reports, aim at presenting the effects of investing in social capital.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Dziura B., Ślusarczyk B.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s326.pdf

Autor	Jadwiga Zaród
Tytuł	Identyfikacja głównych determinant rozwoju rolnictwa w krajach Unii Europejskie
Title	Identification of the Main Determinants of Agricultural Development in the European Union Countries
Słowa kluczowe	analiza dyskryminacyjna, determinanty rozwoju rolnictwa, klasyfikacja krajów UE
Key words	discriminatory analysis, determinants of agricultural development, classification of EU countries
Abstrakt	Poziom rozwoju rolnictwa w krajach UE jest zróżnicowany. Znajomość czynników bezpośrednio oddziałujących na przemiany w rolnictwie może przyczynić się do zmniejszania dysproporcji pomiędzy państwami. Celem tego opracowania jest wskazanie głównych czynników determinujących rozwój rolnictwa w Unii. Do realizacji tego zadania wykorzystano analizę dyskryminacyjną. Natomiast materiał badawczy stanowiły dane GUS i EUROSTATU, dotyczące rolnictwa w krajach UE. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że rozwój rolnictwa w UE determinują szczególnie takie czynniki jak: produktywności pracy, udział zasiewu zbóż w ogólnej powierzchni gruntów ornych, dochód rolniczy oraz wydatki na spożycie w gospodarstwach domowych. Ponadto analiza dyskryminacyjna pozwoliła przypisać poszczególne kraje do grup o różnym poziomie rozwoju rolnictwa.
Abstract	The level of agricultural development in the EU countries is varies significantly. The knowledge of factors directly affecting changes in agriculture can contribute to reducing disparities between countries. The purpose of this study is to indicate the main factors which determine agricultural development in the European Union. To implement this task, the discriminant analysis was used. The research material were data from the GUS and EUROSTAT regarding agriculture in EU countries. The research shows that the development of agriculture in the EU is determined in particular by factors such as the share of sowing of cereals in the total area of arable land, consumption expenditure in households, labor productivity and agricultural income. In addition, the discriminatory analysis allowed assigning particular countries to groups with different levels of agricultural development.
Cytowanie	Zaród J. (2018) Identyfikacja głównych determinant rozwoju rolnictwa w krajach Unii Europejskie.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 3: 342-352
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n3_s342.pdf

Autor	Magdalena Cyrek, Piotr Cyrek
Tytuł	DIFFERENCE IN CONSUMPTION BETWEEN URBAN AND RURAL HOUSEHOLDS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	consumption, well-being, households, city-countryside
Key words
Abstrakt	Levels of income, consumer expenditure and their structure display significant disproportions between areas of different degrees of urbanisation. These disproportions are reflected both in the objective comparison and subjectively perceived material situation of households. This study contains an assessment of the differences in income and consumption in rural areas and cities of Poland at a national level and in relation to the Subcarpathian Province, as a less developed region. The results of public statistic surveys were supplemented with the results of own research regarding the perception of the situation by the inhabitants of Subcarpathia. The scale of existing socio-economic disproportion in spatial layout and directions of changes in accordance to objective and subjective indicators were identified. The changes in the value of purchases of various types of products, levels of savings and living conditions were addressed. In order to verify the hypothesis of consumption convergence in the city-countryside system, a statistical analysis of national structures was carried out and the differences in change patterns typical for urban and rural households in Subcarpathia were identified. This research allows to conclude that there exist adverse disproportions in rural development and some signs of overcoming them on a national and regional level.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Cyrek M., Cyrek P.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s68.pdf

Autor	Marzena Kacprzak, Agnieszka Król, Marta Radziszewska
Tytuł	European Integration Influence on the Development of Human Capital of Small and Medium Enterprises in Poland
Title	European Integration Influence on the Development of Human Capital of Small and Medium Enterprises in Poland
Słowa kluczowe	human capital, small and medium enterprises, European integration, EU assistance programs, EU funds
Key words	human capital, small and medium enterprises, European integration, EU assistance programs, EU funds
Abstrakt	Enterprises from the SME sector significantly affect the quality of human capital in Poland and the standards of their management are rising every year. The aim of this article is to present the essence and specifics of human capital of SMEs, showing the impact of European integration on the devel-opment of human capital in this sector. In addition, the authors focus on finding the answer to the question whether employers willingly reach for EU funding (sources of knowledge, forms, types of funding, barriers to access to funds) to be able to support and develop human capital that they have in the long run. The study was carried out by a survey method. The analysis made allowed to formu-late the following conclusions. Entrepreneurs willingly undertake to raise funds from EU funds. Re-spondents were convinced that EU funds help in the development of their businesses, although ob-taining funding alone is not easy. The respondents pointed to barriers, which include complicated and lengthy procedures, as well as low availability of information.
Abstract	Enterprises from the SME sector significantly affect the quality of human capital in Poland and the standards of their management are rising every year. The aim of this article is to present the essence and specifics of human capital of SMEs, showing the impact of European integration on the devel-opment of human capital in this sector. In addition, the authors focus on finding the answer to the question whether employers willingly reach for EU funding (sources of knowledge, forms, types of funding, barriers to access to funds) to be able to support and develop human capital that they have in the long run. The study was carried out by a survey method. The analysis made allowed to formu-late the following conclusions. Entrepreneurs willingly undertake to raise funds from EU funds. Re-spondents were convinced that EU funds help in the development of their businesses, although ob-taining funding alone is not easy. The respondents pointed to barriers, which include complicated and lengthy procedures, as well as low availability of information.
Cytowanie	Kacprzak M., Król A., Radziszewska M. (2018) European Integration Influence on the Development of Human Capital of Small and Medium Enterprises in Poland.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 4: 236-249
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n4_s236.pdf

Autor	Katarzyna Łukasiewicz
Tytuł	Przyjazdy turystów zagranicznych do Polski oraz ich wydatki w latach 2014-2017 – charakterystyka i perspektywy rozwoju
Title	Arrivals of Foreign Tourists to Poland and Their Expenses in 2014-2017; Characteristics and Development Perspectives
Słowa kluczowe	przyjazd, turystyka, Polska, perspektywy
Key words	arrival, tourism, Poland, perspective
Abstrakt	Turyści zagraniczni bardzo chętnie wybierają Polskę jako cel swojej podróży. Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie charakterystyki przyjazdów turystów zagranicznych do Polski z uwzględnieniem ich wydatków. Wykorzystując dane pochodzące z Ministerstwa Sportu i Turystyki, Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego oraz Narodowego Banku Polskiego przedstawiono liczbę i cele przyjazdów, długość pobytu oraz wykorzystywaną bazę noclegową. W dalszej części opracowania przedstawiono zróżnicowanie wydatków turystów zagranicznych w Polsce z uwzględnieniem przeciętnych wydatków na osobę oraz na dzień pobytu. Zaprezentowano również analizę SWOT, która określa siły i słabości turystyki przyjazdowej oraz szanse i zagrożenia związane z jej rozwojem. Z przeprowadzonej analizy wynika, że przyjazdy turystów zagranicznych wzrosły w 2017 roku o 14,1% w porównaniu do roku 2014. Największe wydatki na osobę wśród turystów zagranicznych odnotowano w przypadku turystów z krajów zamorskich, Skandynawii oraz Niemiec. Najmniej zaś wydali turyści zagraniczni z Czeskiej Republiki, Słowacji, czy Białorusi. W ramach przedstawionej analizy SWOT można stwierdzić, iż szanse rozwoju turystyki przyjazdowej do Polski opierają się głównie na takich czynnikach jak m.in.: położenie, różnorodność, coraz wyższa jakość usług, pozytywne wrażenia wracających z Polski, czy wykorzystanie marek miast (Warszawa, Kraków, Wrocław, Gdańsk).
Abstract	Foreign tourists are eager to choose Poland as their destination. The aim of the article is to present the characteristics of arrivals of foreign tourists to Poland, including their expenses. Using the data from the Ministry of Sport and Tourism, the Central Statistical Office and the National Bank of Poland, the number and purposes of arrivals, length of stay and the accommodation base used were presented. The further part of the study presents the diversification of expenses of foreign tourists in Poland, taking into account the average expenditure per person and per day of stay. A SWOT analysis was also presented, which defines the strength and weakness of inbound tourism as well as the opportunities and threats associated with its development. The analysis shows that arrivals of foreign tourists increased in 2017 by 14.1% compared to 2014. The highest expenditure per person among foreign tourists was recorded in the case of tourists from overseas countries, Scandinavia and Germany. Foreign tourists from the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Belarus issued the least. As part of the SWOT analysis presented, it can be stated that the chances of developing incoming tourism to Poland are mainly based on such factors as: location, diversity, increasingly higher quality of services, positive impressions coming back from Poland, or the use of city brands (Warsaw, Krakow, Wrocław, Gdańsk).
Cytowanie	Łukasiewicz K. (2018) Przyjazdy turystów zagranicznych do Polski oraz ich wydatki w latach 2014-2017 – charakterystyka i perspektywy rozwoju.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 4: 333-344
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n4_s333.pdf

Autor	Ana Kapaj, Etleva Muca, Ledia Thoma
Tytuł	EXPORT OPPORTUNITY AND CONSTRAINTS FOR FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PRODUCERS IN ALBANIA
Title
Słowa kluczowe	exportation, fruit and vegetable producer, distribution channel
Key words
Abstrakt	Albania has considerable potential for growth in the fruit and vegetable market. Its climate-arable conditions are very adequate for the successful growth of a wide range of fruits and vegetables. Albania has an interior market in development and a non structured exporting market. The study is aimed at estimating and identifying export growth opportunities and constraints for fruit and vegetable exporters. The paper investigates the opinions of producers and exporters in south-west Albania. A face-to-face interview survey method was conducted. Database elaboration was made through the SPSS program. An ordinary probit regression was used to evaluate the constraints of fruit and vegetable producers in Albania. We conclude that there are several problems that hamper exportation growth in Albania. Albanian producers are usually not able to penetrate into foreign markets because they are not part of consolidated marketing distribution channels.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Kapaj A., Muca E., Thoma L.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2018_n1_s65.pdf

Autor	Halina Powęska
Tytuł	RURAL AREAS OF POLAND AS THE BENEFICIARY OF EUROPEAN UNION FUNDING 2007−2013(15) FOR CULTURAL PROJECTS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	rural areas of Poland, EU structural funds, cultural heritage
Key words
Abstrakt	The paper presents the issues relating to the use of EU funds for cultural heritage projects in rural areas in Poland in the years 2007–2015. The study examines the structure of the funding of EU cultural heritage projects by the purpose of their implementation including revaluation of cultural heritage objects, creation and development of a new tourism product, renovation of sports and recreation infrastructure, promotion and other issues. The spatial analysis was carried out at the level of voivodships. The survey was conducted using the database of the National Information System of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Development of the Republic of Poland (NIS SIMIK 07-13) as at 31 December 2015. In the years 2007–2015, in both rural areas and rural districts, in the case of those projects which were aimed at developing infrastructure and restoring cultural heritage assets, while projects thematically related to the creation of a new tourism product and promotion were of lesser importance. However, the highest grants from EU sources were provided for projects thematically related to the reconstruction of cultural heritage and creation of tourism products, which shows that the activities aimed at preservation of cultural heritage and support for local entrepreneurship are of particular significance to European entities.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Powęska H.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s335.pdf

Autor	Mirosława Witkowska-Dąbrowska
Tytuł	Zmiany w wielkości emisji gazów cieplarnianych i amoniaku do powietrza z działalności rolniczej w Polsce i UE – analizy z wykorzystaniem wskaźników zrównoważonego rozwoju
Title	Changes in the Volume of Air Emissions from Gases and Selected Pollutants Originating from Agricultural Production in Poland and in the EU – Analyses Using Sustainable Development Indicators
Słowa kluczowe	emisje do powietrza, działalność rolnicza, emisja gazów cieplarnianych i amoniaku
Key words	atmospheric air emissions, agricultural activity, emission guidelines and ammonia
Abstrakt	Celem badań była analiza zmian w wielkości emisji gazów cieplarnianych i amoniaku z rolnictwa w Polsce I Unii Europejskiej. W części teoretycznej odniesiono się do podjętych działań międzynarodowych dotyczących redukcji emisji. Badania oparto głownie o dane statystyczne GUS i Eurostat. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że rolnictwo jest głównym źródłem emisji amoniaku w UE i w Polsce. Również nie bez znaczenia jest rola rolnictwa w emisji gazów cieplarnianych. Stwierdzono wahania w dynamice emisji gazów cieplarnianych zarówno Polsce jak i UE. W badanych latach odnotowano niewielki wzrost udziału rolnictwa w emisji gazów cieplarnianych.
Abstract	The research aim was to analyse changes in the volume of greenhouse gases and ammonia produced by agriculture in Poland, against the background of the European Union, using sustainable development indicators.. The study relied mainly on statistical data from the Polish Central Statistical Office and Eurostat. Agriculture was found to be the major source of ammonia emissions in the EU and Poland. Also, the role of agriculture in emission of greenhouse gases is significant. Fluctuations in the dynamics of GHG emissions were noted in the EU and in Poland. Over the analysed time, a small increase in the share of the emission of GHG, especially methane, from farming was observed.
Cytowanie	Witkowska-Dąbrowska M. (2018) Zmiany w wielkości emisji gazów cieplarnianych i amoniaku do powietrza z działalności rolniczej w Polsce i UE – analizy z wykorzystaniem wskaźników zrównoważonego rozwoju.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 2: 303-314
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n2_s303.pdf

Autor	Bogumiła Mucha-Leszko
Tytuł	Causes of the European Union's Decreasing Position in the Global Economy in 2000-2016
Title	Causes of the European Union's Decreasing Position in the Global Economy in 2000-2017
Słowa kluczowe	global economic powers, growth factors, growth barriers, EU global position
Key words	global economic powers, growth factors, growth barriers, EU global position
Abstrakt	The subject of the paper is an analysis of the economic results of the main factors affecting GDP growth in the European Union in 2000-2016. The aim is to evaluate the global position of the EU as well as to identify the main factors affecting growth of the EU’s economic potential and effectiveness. The analysis also includes the long-term development gap in the EU-15/EU-28 versus the U.S.A. Quantitative and qualitative criteria were used in the assessment. Quantitative criteria include: growth rates of GDP, investments and exports, the EU’s share in global GDP, and global exports of goods and services. The qualitative criteria are: labour productivity and total factor productivity TFP. The results of the study are as follows: 1) evaluation of the EU position in the global economy (quantitative indicators) show a decline in the EU's share in global GDP, and trade and FDI were not greater than in the U.S.A.; 2) pertaining to the qualitative criteria the United States ranks better; 3) factors contributing the most to the weakening of the global economic position of the EU are: lower investment in the ICT sector compared to the U.S., differentiation of EU members in terms of their ability to grow, socio-economic divergence and a crisis in the eurozone.
Abstract	The subject of the paper is an analysis of the economic results of the main factors affecting GDP growth in the European Union in 2000-2016. The aim is to evaluate the global position of the EU as well as to identify the main factors affecting growth of the EU’s economic potential and effectiveness. The analysis also includes the long-term development gap in the EU-15/EU-28 versus the U.S.A. Quantitative and qualitative criteria were used in the assessment. Quantitative criteria include: growth rates of GDP, investments and exports, the EU’s share in global GDP, and global exports of goods and services. The qualitative criteria are: labour productivity and total factor productivity TFP. The results of the study are as follows: 1) evaluation of the EU position in the global economy (quantitative indicators) show a decline in the EU's share in global GDP, and trade and FDI were not greater than in the U.S.A.; 2) pertaining to the qualitative criteria the United States ranks better; 3) factors contributing the most to the weakening of the global economic position of the EU are: lower investment in the ICT sector compared to the U.S., differentiation of EU members in terms of their ability to grow, socio-economic divergence and a crisis in the eurozone.
Cytowanie	Mucha-Leszko B. (2018) Causes of the European Union's Decreasing Position in the Global Economy in 2000-2016.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 1: 159-175
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n1_s159.pdf

Autor	Anna Mazurkiewicz, Katarzyna Szara
Tytuł	THE ROLE OF HUMAN, SOCIAL AND CREATIVE CAPITALS IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Title
Słowa kluczowe	human capital, social capital, creative capital, development
Key words
Abstrakt	Socio-economic development is a process of quantitative and qualitative changes that increase phenomena in the economic, social and cultural areas. Various types of capital, including human and social capitals, support this development. These capitals are often described in literature. Less information on the subject of creative capital derived from the Florida’s theory is available in the subject matter literature. The aim of the paper is to identify the role of human, social and creative capitals in socio-economic development. Against the background of the capitals characteristics, their similarities and differences were pointed out. Human capital is substitutive against social and creative ones. However, these two capitals have a complementary character in relation to human nature. The identified roles of the three capitals described in the comparative dimension in the aspect of a commune, a region and a country development are an original contribution to the paper.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Mazurkiewicz A., Szara K.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s273.pdf

Autor	Anna Mazurkiewicz, Katarzyna Szara
Tytuł	CREATIVITY AS A STIMULANT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE PODKARPACKIE VOIVODESHIP
Title
Słowa kluczowe	creativity, region, development
Key words
Abstrakt	In social and economic development, significance is primarily attributed to endogenous resources. The local conditions should play a key role in it. One of the characteristic features of the region and at the same time a key one is human capital which conditions the occurrence of creative capital. In the paper, creativity – as a resource appropriate to people, a feature of the individual – its potential for creative achievements currently or in the future will be analysed through the prism of creative capital. The aim of the article is to evaluate the conditions for the development of creative capital of the Podkarpackie municipalities in the context of their social and economic development. The evaluation will be made in regard to human resources. In order to achieve the goal of the study, the literature of the subject was analysed, numerical data published by the Central Statistical Office was used, and empirical studies were carried out in the offices of the Podkarpackie municipalities. The results of the conducted research showed that there are conditions favourable to the development of creative capital in the region. The majority of the inhabitants of the Podkarpackie Voivodeship municipalities saw the importance of creativity for the development of the commune.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Mazurkiewicz A., Szara K.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s287.pdf