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Autor	Bruno Chiarini, Antonella Dagostino, Elisabetta Marzano, Andrea Regoli
Tytuł	SUSTAINABILITY IN URBAN VS. RURAL AREAS: A COMPARISON OF SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE INDICATORS ACROSS EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Title
Słowa kluczowe	perception of pollution, concentration of particulate matter, cross-country comparison
Key words
Abstrakt	In this paper, starting from the approach described in Chiarini et al. (2017), who have provided a subjective measure of the environmental impact of cities (subjective EIC) at the country level, we extend the analysis comparing their indicator with the objective measure of the environmental impact of cities (objective EIC) suggested by Agenda 2030, namely mean levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10). The comparison between subjective and objective indicators of the EIC is a novelty in the panorama of the available studies, and provides useful results for policy analysis. In fact, the relative ranking of countries changes according to the metric adopted, and the analysis of association with macroeconomic indicators of development and growth reveal that subjective and objective EIC indicators might influence/be influenced by different macrofactors.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Chiarini B., Dagostino A., Marzano E., Regoli A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s140.pdf

Autor	Alicja Baranowska, Stanisław Kondracki, Daniel Rogoznicki
Tytuł	COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY AS A DETERMINANT OF TRANSFORMATION IN POLISH AGRICULTURE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	rural areas, Common Agricultural Policy, direct payments
Key words
Abstrakt	The impact assessment of the Common Agricultural Policy on transformation process of Polish agriculture following Poland’s accession to European Union has been carried out. The analysis took into account the changes of the Common Agricultural Policy in terms of goals and the directions of its evolution. In the paper the alterations in land, labour and capital resources of Polish agriculture were also analysed. It has been established that funds coming from the Community budget allowed Polish agriculture to adjust to the requirement of new environment. Integration into the European Union has created good conditions to dynamic development of the agri-food sector as a whole. Acceleration of the modernization and restructuring processes of Polish farms has taken place. These developments have resulted in a reduction in the total number of farms (by 52%) at the simultaneous rise in their average area (by 78%). Union financial measures have also influenced on generational renewal amongst farms managers. The funds considerably enhanced farmers’ incomes, which increased by 156%, thus promoting expenditure on investments. As a result the improvement of technical utilities of farms has been achieved. Consequently, labour productivity growth in Polish agriculture has also been recorded. A wide range of measures within the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy enables to overcome many obstacles of the rural areas in Poland. It also creates possibilities to take advantage of naturally occurring assets in order to effectively compete on the external market.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Baranowska A., Kondracki S., Rogoznicki D.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s168.pdf

Autor	Oleksandra Mandych, Arkadii Mykytas, Liliia Prokopchuk
Tytuł	THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF SOLAR ENERGY PRODUCTION BY HOUSEHOLDS IN UKRAINE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	solar power, electricity, household electric energy, solar panels, bioeconomics
Key words
Abstrakt	In recent decades considerable attention has been paid to alternative and renewable energy. Among the alternative sources, the sun’s energy is most appealing. Therefore, the development of solar energy, in the long run, is one of the top priorities. In practice, there are numerous barriers to the growth of the solar energy market. First of all, economic: fairly high prices for solar systems and payback period; the absence of working capital from manufacturing enterprises, the absence of specific mechanisms for stimulating production in the form of subsidies, tax exemptions, preferential tariff policies, etc. Therefore, research into the development of solar energy, as a real tool for a comprehensive solution to economic and environmental problems, is becoming increasingly relevant. The paper considers the energy policy of the use of renewable energy sources in rural areas. The theoretically feasible and technically achievable potential of solar energy in the territory of Ukraine was characterized. It was noted that the sun is the most affordable supplier of energy on earth today. The use of solar radiation is expedient for the development of thermal and electric energy and is possible throughout the territory of Ukraine. The dynamics of the commissioning of solar power plants by private households was analysed. The attention is focused on the application of the ‘green’ tariff, which stimulates the increase in the number of solar projects implemented in households. A financial model of private households of choosing a solar power plant option was proposed. The problems were identified and the possibilities of using solar energy for ensuring energy independence of households and profit generation were assessed. The forecast for the development of solar energy of the period up to 2020 was made.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Mandych O., Mykytas A., Prokopchuk L.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s231.pdf

Autor	Pavlina Fugelo, Svitlana Savitska
Tytuł	ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF INVESTMENT ACTIVITY OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES IN THE UKRAINE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	investment, investment activity, agricultural enterprises
Key words
Abstrakt	The article specifies that intensive development of the economy can be achieved by attracting and effectively using investment resources. Based on the indicator of the level of investment sufficiency, it was established that, in the period under review, the level of investment adequacy in the country is less than the established ‘threshold’ value, which indicates a shortage of investment funds. The study analysed the dynamics of investment attraction in agriculture. It was found that the main source of financing for investment is own funds of enterprises and organizations. However, they are too insufficient to ensure the intensive development of the economy. An analysis of growth dynamics of the total volume of investment in agricultural enterprises per 100 ha of agricultural land and their financial provision was carried out. Research showed that the increase in the value of fixed assets is more intensive than the increase in the inflow of investment in fixed assets, which indicates additional sources of growth in the value of fixed assets. It was noted that the potential sources of investment resources should be the funds of foreign investors, which currently stand at an extremely low growth level. A number of negative factors influencing the process of attracting foreign direct investment were identified. The main current requirements of the Ukraine in the process of integration into the world economic space, is the formation of a mechanism of investment activity, an important component of which is the mechanism of investment provision.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Fugelo P., Savitska S.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s303.pdf

Autor	Alesia Efremova
Tytuł	ROLE OF POULTRY INDUSTRY IN PUBLIC FOOD SUPPLY
Title
Słowa kluczowe	livestock, poultry industry, poultry meat, egg, food supplies
Key words
Abstrakt	Within the framework of implementation of overarching national tasks, special attention is paid to the food production and the matter of keeping up with the consumer demand for quality food, which is of national significance. The poultry industry is able to make its fairly considerable contribution into solving the problems of the consumer demand for valuable healthy food products; and to create conditions for the national food security owing to this industry economic growth based on its production potential development and strengthening. The domestic and foreign practice clearly demonstrates that it is possible to provide the population with quality food within a relatively short term, primarily due to the increase of egg and poultry meat production. The poultry industry is not only the most dynamic and fast-growing branch of the livestock farming, but also it has the most intensive production methods. The aim of this article is to determine the influence and the role of the poultry industry on providing the population with food supplies in present-day conditions in the world.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Efremova A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s29.pdf

Autor	Magdalena Jaworska
Tytuł	FOOD IMPORTS AND FOOD SECURITY OF MAIN GLOBAL MARKET PLAYERS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	food, food security, importers, international trade
Key words
Abstrakt	The main purpose of this paper was to assess the openness of trade in food products in the context of changes in food security levels. The period covered by this study is 1995–2015. The research was based on outcomes reported by main players of the global market. The basic source of data were online databases and reports. Once collected, the data was analysed with the use of quantitative and qualitative research methods. Selected statistical methods, indices of structure and dynamics, indicators of economic openness and indicators related to three dimensions of security (availability, access and stability) were used. The analysis resulted in numerous conclusions. In the study period, food imports followed a global growth trend with alternating periods of contrasting developments. In the countries covered by this study, the openness of trade in food was higher than that of global imports and followed a growth trend. The singularities of the development of the agri-food sector were reflected in decreasing values of the exports-to-imports ratio, and were decisive for the positive growth rate of per capita agri-food output. According to the analysis of relationships between changes in trade levels and selected food security indicators, imports proved to be positively correlated with physical and economic availability, and negatively correlated with stability. Based on the results, a general conclusion may be drawn that economic growth resulted in structural changes which contributed to improving access to food.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Jaworska M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s245.pdf

Autor	Oleksii Lyulyov
Tytuł	MACROECONOMIC STABILITY AND SOCIAL PROGRESS IN THE EU MEMBER STATES AND UKRAINE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	economic growth, unemployment, macroeconomic stability, social factors, European Union, Ukraine.
Key words
Abstrakt	The main purpose of the study is the role and influence of social factors on macroeconomic stability. The research is based on the hypothesis that countries with greater macroeconomic stability achieve greater social progress. The integrated index of human capital is proposed as a target for the construction of an appropriate system for monitoring social progress, and in the future – identifying the impact on macroeconomic stability. The main stages of estimating the integral index of human capital are: identification of relevant indicators that will form each of the sub-indices; filtering the selected indicators in the previous stage based on the analysis of the correlation matrix of each of the subindices; normalization of indicators in each of the subindices, calculation of the integral index for each of the subindices, calculation of the final integral index of human capital. The calculations of the integrated capital human capital index for some of the EU countries (Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Croatia, Romania) and Ukraine for the period 2000–2015 allowed us to conclude that Romania and Ukraine were on a marginal level of social progress, while Lithuania, Poland and Croatia in the range of moderate level. The use of the OLS (the least squares) method to determine the significance of changes in social progress to macroeconomic stability has revealed a positive and statistically significant impact of social progress on macroeconomic stability.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Lyulyov O.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2018_n1_s53.pdf

Autor	Vita Boychenko, Dmytro Tsyhaniuk
Tytuł	STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF TRANSNATIONAL BANKS IN THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET AFTER THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	strategic management, transnational banks, international market, financial crisis, post-crisis development.
Key words
Abstrakt	The article identifies post-crisis determinants of strategic management of transnational banks in the market of direct investments by means of the correlation analysis of the dependence of growth of external assets of transnational banks of European countries on the indicators of profitability and financial stability of banking systems of the countries of placement of subsidiary banks, the efficiency of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in these countries, the structure of a complex financial crisis and the speed of post-crisis recovery of the country, ease of doing business. There is no obvious connection between the presence of foreign banks in the banking system and indicators of profitability, ease of doing business and financial stability of banking systems. This is confirmed by the correlation analysis of 45 indicators on the example of 26 European countries for 2009–2011 (the period immediately after the end of the global financial crisis of 2008–2009). It is proved that in the post-crisis period, for transnational banks, the decision of increasing/decreasing the volume of assets in the banking system of the host country is dominated by: 1) the structure of a complex financial crisis; 2) the speed of post-crisis recovery of economies and banking systems of these countries; 3) the effectiveness of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in these countries
Abstract
Cytowanie	Boychenko V., Tsyhaniuk D.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2018_n1_s131.pdf

Autor	Łukasz Grzęda
Tytuł	Determinants of the development of the Mazowieckie Province in 2007-2016
Title
Słowa kluczowe	region, regional economy, determinants of regional development
Key words
Abstrakt	The article presents the results of the analysis of factors influencing the development of the Mazowieckie Province (Masovia) in the years 2007–2016. Data for the study were collected from the Central Statistical Office and Statistical Yearbooks of the Mazowieckie Province. The results indicate that the level of development of Masovia is considerably higher than of other provinces in the country. At the end of the analyzed period, in Masovia the GDP per capita was almost twice as high as the national average. Masovia held the highest share in Poland’s GDP (22%). Important factors positively affecting the development of Masovia are: positive population growth and improving demographic situation, and broad access to telecommunications. Additional factors of the dynamic Masovia’s development are: extensive transportation infrastructure (104.3 km per 100 km2) and high number of students (236.5 thousand) and college graduates (60.8 thousand) who constitute the future substantive resources of the province’s economy.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Grzęda Ł.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2018_n2_s65.pdf

Autor	Wojciech Ziętara
Tytuł	Uwarunkowania rozwoju przedsiębiorstw rolnych nastawionych na produkcję zwierzęcą w warunkach konkurencji i globalizacji
Title	Conditional development of agribusiness-oriented agricultural enterprises in a competitive and globalized world
Słowa kluczowe	gospodarstwa i przedsiębiorstwa rolnicze, bariery rozwoju, efektywność gospodarowania, konkurencyjność
Key words	farms and agricultural companies, barriers to their development, economic efficiency, competitiveness
Abstrakt	W opracowaniu przedstawiono ekonomiczne, społeczne, środowiskowe i administracyjne uwarunkowania rozwoju przedsiębiorstw rolnych, głównie z chowem trzody chlewnej i bydła. Wskazano czynniki ekonomiczne i organizacyjne skłaniające przedsiębiorstwa rolne do zwiększania skali produkcji. Czynniki ekonomiczne związane są z szybszym tempem wzrostu kosztów pracy w gospodarce narodowej i cen środków produkcji rolniczej od cen zbytu produktów rolnych. Czynniki organizacyjne wiążą się z rosnącymi wymogami przedsiębiorstw handlu i przetwórstwa rolnego w zakresie wielkości, jakości i terminowości dostaw. Wzrost skali produkcji w gospodarstwach może prowadzić do nadmiernego obciążenia środowiska i wzrostu uciążliwości z powodu odorów dla ludności na terenach wiejskich i w efekcie do sytuacji konfliktowych na tle społecznym. Ponadto występują bariery administracyjne utrudniające realizację inwestycji budowlanych związanych z rozwojem produkcji zwierzęcej.
Abstract	The study presents economic, social, environmental and administrative factors influencing the development of agricultural enterprises, mainly the ones breeding pigs and cattle. Economic and organizational factors inducing agricultural companies to increase the scale of production are shown. The economic factors are associated with faster growth of labor costs in the national economy and the prices of means of agricultural production than of the sales prices of agricultural products. The organizational factors are connected with the growing requirements of trade companies and agricultural processing in terms of size, quality and timely deliveries. The increase in the scale of production can lead to excessive burden on the environment and growth of odor nuisance to the non-agricultural population in rural areas. As a result, it can cause social conflict situations. In addition, there are administrative barriers hindering the implementation of construction projects related to the development of animal production.
Cytowanie	Ziętara W. (2017) Uwarunkowania rozwoju przedsiębiorstw rolnych nastawionych na produkcję zwierzęcą w warunkach konkurencji i globalizacji.Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 104, z. 2: 7-22
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2017_n2_s7.pdf

Autor	Marcin Idzik
Tytuł	Pozycja konkurencyjna banków spółdzielczych w segmencie mikroprzedsiębiorstw
Title	Competitive position of the cooperative banks in the segment of micro-companies
Słowa kluczowe	bank spółdzielczy, przewaga konkurencyjna, wizerunek, satysfakcja, pozycja rynkowa
Key words	cooperative bank, competitive advantage, image, satisfaction, market position
Abstrakt	Celem opracowania była ocena pozycji konkurencyjnej banków spółdzielczych oraz ich zdolności do kreowania tendencji rozwojowych i skutecznego pozyskiwania nowych klientów w segmencie mikroprzedsiębiorstw. Źródło danych empirycznych stanowiły wyniki ogólnopolskich badań zrealizowanych na reprezentatywnej próbie N = 800 przedsiębiorstw o zatrudnieniu do 10 pracowników oraz rocznych obrotach do 2 mln euro. Analiza objęto udziały rynkowe, znajomość, potencjał i wizerunku marki oraz satysfakcję klientów. Banki spółdzielcze nie wykorzystują w pełni swoich walorów w budowaniu przewagi konkurencyjnej. Wysokie udziały rynkowe zawdzięczają stabilnej bazie „starych” klientów. Banki spółdzielcze nie są preferowane przez potencjalnych klientów. Pozycja konkurencyjna wynika z niszowych obszarów, w których działają banki spółdzielcze, kosztów obsługi oraz emocjonalnych uwarunkowań działania na lokalnym rynku. Stosowanie narzędzi marketingowych jest nieuniknione i powinno stać się elementarną częścią wspomagania funkcjonowania banków spółdzielczych.
Abstract	The objective of this paper is to evaluate the competitive position of the cooperative banks and their ability to create the growth trends and effectively acquire new customers in the micro-company segment. The sources of the empirical data were the results of the nation-wide surveys conducted on a representative sample of N = 800 companies with up to 10 employees and an annual turnover of up to 2 m EUR. The analysis included the market shares, familiarity, brand potential and image as well as the customer satisfaction. The cooperative banks do not fully use their advantages in building their competitive advantage. A stable base of the “regular” customers contributes to their high market shares. The cooperative banks are not preferred by the prospective customers. The competitive position of the cooperative banks is based on the niche areas where the cooperative banks operate and the service costs as well as the emotional circumstances of operating on the local market. The application of the marketing tools is inevitable and should be the elementary part of the support provided for the cooperative banks.
Cytowanie	Idzik M. (2017) Pozycja konkurencyjna banków spółdzielczych w segmencie mikroprzedsiębiorstw.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 119: 37-50
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2017_n119_s37.pdf

Autor	Marta Domagalska-Grędys
Tytuł	Relational Premises in the Cooperation Between Farms with Conservative Breeds and Industry Organisations
Title
Słowa kluczowe	network relationships, producers and breeders of conservative breeds, industry organisations
Key words
Abstrakt	The main aim of the study was to indicate relational premises in the cooperation between industry organisations and farms with conservative breeds (cattle, pigs, and sheep). It has been assumed that the processes of integration of domestic animal breeders depend on the state of the relationships established (in terms of quality, sustainability, dependence and uniqueness) with industry organisations. The research was carried out on the basis of an interview questionnaire (in 2017) with farmers from south-eastern Poland, representatives of organisations, and a review of secondary sources describing the activities of industry organisations since the beginning of their existence. The specificity of the entities under analysis stems from their role and responsibilities. Breeders contribute to the growth of biodiversity, while industry organisations are an important partner in their relationships as they support farms (they mediate in the contracting process, organise trainings, represent the interests of producers in Poland and abroad). Preliminary results of the research indicate that the best conditions for cooperation are in the networks of breeders of conservative breeds of pigs as well as in interorganisational relationships with the ‘POLSUS’ industry organisation.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Domagalska-Grędys M. (2017) Relational Premises in the Cooperation Between Farms with Conservative Breeds and Industry Organisations.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 4: 52-67
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n4_s52.pdf

Autor	Włodzimierz Rembisz, Adam Waszkowski
Tytuł	Czynnik kapitału jako endogeniczne źródło wzrostu w rolnictwie
Title	The Capital Factor as a Endogenous Source of Growth in Agriculture
Słowa kluczowe	czynnik kapitału, źródła wzrostu w rolnictwie, funkcja produkcji
Key words	capital factor, source of growth in agriculture, production function
Abstrakt	W konwencji analiz wzrostu gospodarczego i w nawiązaniu do koncepcji funkcji produkcji wyprowadzono autorskie analityczne ujęcie wzrostu w rolnictwie. Na tej podstawie, wyodrębniając endogeniczne i egzogeniczne źródła wzrostu, określono najpierw analitycznie a następnie empirycznie rolę czynnika kapitału jako endogenicznego źródła wzrostu w rolnictwie. Weryfikacji empirycznej dokonano dla rolnictwa Polski, Niemiec, Francji, Holandii i Wielkiej Brytanii wykorzystując dane z bazy Eurostatu.
Abstract	In the convention of economic growth analysis and in relation to the concept of production function, it was derived an analytical model of growth in agriculture. On this basis, isolating the endogenous and exogenous sources of growth it was defined first analytically and then empirically the role of the capital factor as an endogenous source of growth in agriculture. It was made the empirical verification for the agriculture of Poland, Germany, France, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom using Eurostat data.
Cytowanie	Rembisz W., Waszkowski A. (2017) Czynnik kapitału jako endogeniczne źródło wzrostu w rolnictwie.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 2: 211-223
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n2_s211.pdf

Autor	Andrzej Czyżewski, Jakub Staniszewski
Tytuł	Wydajność pracy jako przesłanka restrukturyzacji zatrudnienia w rolnictwie
Title	Labor Productivity as a Premise to Restructure Employment in Agriculture
Słowa kluczowe	zmiana strukturalna, rolnictwo, shift-share, restrukturyzacja, Unia Europejska
Key words	structural change, agriculture, shift-share, restructuring, European Union
Abstrakt	Poprawę wydajności pracy w rolnictwie można osiągnąć m.in. poprzez zmianę struktury (restrukturyzację) zatrudnienia, polegającą na zwiększaniu udziału typów produkcyjnych, gdzie czynnik jest wydajniej wykorzystywany. Dla poparcia tej tezy dokonano dekompozycji wzrostu wydajności pracy w rolnictwie krajów UE, w latach 2005-2013, z zastosowaniem metody shift-share. Wyniki badań wskazują, że większą dynamiką struktury zatrudnienia cechowały się nowe kraje członkowskie. Zmiany polegały głównie na spadku znaczenia produkcji mieszanej na rzecz upraw polowych. W krajach takich jak Litwa, Bułgaria, Cypr i Łotwa na znaczeniu zyskiwały typy produkcji o ponadprzeciętnej wydajności pracy. Ponadto na Łotwie i w Danii większe znaczenie w wykorzystaniu czynnika pracy zyskiwały typy gospodarstw cechujące się ponadprzeciętnym przyrostem wydajności pracy. Częstsze były jednak zmiany zachodzące w kierunku odwrotnym.
Abstract	Improvement in agricultural labour productivity can be achieved, among others, by the change in the employment structure, based on increase in the share of types of farming, where labour productivity is higher. To support this thesis, decomposition of labour productivity growth in the agriculture sector of EU countries, in years 2005-2013 has been carried out, using the shift-share method. Research results shows that the new Member States are more dynamic in this respect. The changes mainly meant a switch from a mixed production to a field cropping. In countries such as Lithuania, Bulgaria, Cyprus and Latvia, the production in the farming types of above-average productivity was increasing. In Latvia and Denmark, the share of employment in sectors with higher productivity growth was increasing. However, changes in the opposite direction were more common.
Cytowanie	Czyżewski A., Staniszewski J. (2017) Wydajność pracy jako przesłanka restrukturyzacji zatrudnienia w rolnictwie.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 1: 31-42
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n1_s31.pdf

Autor	Sylwester Kozak
Tytuł	Changes in the level of risk in investment funds in Poland
Title	Changes in the level of risk in investment funds in Poland
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	capital market, investment funds, investment risk
Abstrakt
Abstract	The paper analyzes changes in risk of investment fund portfolios in different phases of the macroeconomic cycle. Twenty nine equity investment funds operating during the period of 2005–2015 were examined. The risk was assessed by the standard deviationof rates of return on funds and the β coefficient. The research indicates that the exposure of fund portfolios to risk changed in response to macroeconomic conditions and the situation on the capital market. Risk hit its highest level during the financial crisis years (2008–2011),followed by the dynamic macroeconomic growth years (2005–2007). The moderate growth years (2012–2015) exposed funds to the lowest risk. For the entire period the average and the median funds and the market were exposed to a similar amount of investment risk.
Cytowanie	Kozak S.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2017_n1_s23.pdf

Autor	Ewa Kołoszycz
Tytuł	Ekonomiczne i organizacyjne zmiany w gospodarstwach mlecznych należących do Europejskiego Stowarzyszenia Producentów Mleka
Title	Economic and organizational changes in dairy farms members of the European Dairy Farmers
Słowa kluczowe	zarządzanie stadem, koszty produkcji mleka, próg rentowności
Key words	herd management, milk production costs, breakeven point
Abstrakt	W opracowaniu scharakteryzowano zmiany, które zaszły w gospodarstwach wyspecjalizowanych w produkcji mleka w okresie przed reformą rynku mleka w Europie i po niej. Do badań wybrano 124 gospodarstwa należące do Europejskiego Stowarzyszenia Producentów Mleka (EDF ), które w latach 2012-2016 uczestniczyły w analizach kosztów produkcji mleka. Wyniki badań wskazują, że we wszystkich grupach analizowanych gospodarstw nastąpił wyraźny wzrost produkcji, wynikający zarówno ze wzrostu wielości stad krów, jak i z poprawy wydajności mlecznej. Zaobserwowano wzrost intensywności wykorzystania ziemi i pracy, a także pogorszenie produktywności kapitału zaangażowanego w produkcję mleka. Największe różnice między grupami w ponoszonych kosztach produkcji mleka były w kosztach alternatywnych i amortyzacji. Niekorzystna sytuacja cenowa na rynku w 2016 r. sprawiła, że całkowite koszty produkcji mleka były niższe od cen mleka zaledwie w 12% analizowanych gospodarstwach.
Abstract	The paper aims to discussion of the changes that have been made in farms specialised in milk production in the period before and after changes the dairy market in Europe. To research is based on the selected 124 farm belonging to the European Dairy Farmers (EDF), which in period 2012-2016 participated in the analysis of the cost of milk production. There were examined changes in the organization of production, used resources, and the economic effects on farms. The results indicate that all groups of farms have increased their milk production, resulting from the growth of both the multiplicity of cow herds as well as with the improvement of milk yield. It has been observed an increase in the intensity of land use and labor, and has worsened the productivity of capital involved in dairy production. The biggest differences between the groups in the incurred costs in milk production were in the opportunity cost and depreciation. Unfavorable price situation on the market in 2016 resulted in the situation that, the total cost of milk production were lower than the prices of milk only by 12% in the analysed farms.
Cytowanie	Kołoszycz E. (2017) Ekonomiczne i organizacyjne zmiany w gospodarstwach mlecznych należących do Europejskiego Stowarzyszenia Producentów Mleka.Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 104, z. 4: 99-111
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2017_n4_s99.pdf

Autor	Tadeusz Filipiak, Lidia Gunerka, Lilianna Jabłońska
Tytuł	Konkurencyjność kosztowa gospodarstw ogrodniczych w Polsce i wybranych krajach UE
Title	Cost Competitiveness of Horticultural Farms in Poland and Selected EU Countries
Słowa kluczowe	koszty, konkurencyjność, FADN, UE
Key words	costs, competitiveness, FADN, EU
Abstrakt	W warunkach rosnącej globalizacji i proeksportowego charakteru polskiego ogrodnictwa koniecznym jest systematyczne badanie pozycji konkurencyjnej gospodarstw ogrodniczych, w tym konkurencyjności kosztowej. W pracy dokonano pionowej i poziomej analizy porównawczej kosztów w gospodarstwach ogrodniczych sześciu krajów UE, największych producentów owoców i warzyw. Wykazano, że Polska w dalszym ciągu ma korzystną pozycję konkurencyjną pod względem kosztów, ale ich relatywnie szybki wzrost i zwiększanie się kosztochłonności produkcji stopniowo ją obniża.
Abstract	In the conditions of growing globalization and export-oriented nature of the Polish horticulture systematic studies of the competitive position of horticultural businesses are necessary, including cost competitiveness. The paper presents the vertical and horizontal analysis of the costs in horticultural farms in six EU countries, the largest fruit and vegetable producers. It has been shown that Poland still has a favorable competitive position in terms of costs, but their relatively fast growth and increasing production cost-effectiveness gradually make it lower.
Cytowanie	Filipiak T., Gunerka L., Jabłońska L. (2017) Konkurencyjność kosztowa gospodarstw ogrodniczych w Polsce i wybranych krajach UE.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 1: 63-72
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n1_s63.pdf

Autor	Maurycy Graszewicz, Justyna Łapińska, Ewa Zdunek-Rosa
Tytuł	Poland's Competitive Position in Trade in Agri-Food Products with the United Kingdom – Selected Aspects
Title
Słowa kluczowe	competitive position, agri-food products, foreign trade
Key words
Abstrakt	Thirteen years have passed since Poland's accession to the European Union. This is a period long enough to make some generalisations over the accession results. This paper focuses on assessing the competitive position of Poland in trade in agri-food products with one of its most important trading partners – the United Kingdom. For this purpose, quantitative indexes of competitive positioning were used, in particular, the trade coverage ratio as well as the revealed comparative advantage indexes – RCAi and LFIi. The conducted analyses show that Poland's competitive position in agri-food trade with the United Kingdom improved markedly over the period considered. The dynamic growth in trade, especially in exports, a significant increase in the trade balance surplus, and generally favourable comparative advantage indexes for Poland show that the period of EU membership has been well utilised by Polish food producers. Polish food is increasingly eagerly bought by demanding British consumers.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Graszewicz M., Łapińska J., Zdunek-Rosa E. (2017) Poland's Competitive Position in Trade in Agri-Food Products with the United Kingdom – Selected Aspects.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 4: 199-209
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n4_s199.pdf

Autor	Arkadiusz Piwowar
Tytuł	Struktury rolne i produktywność rolnictwa w Grupie Wyszehradzkiej
Title	Agricultural Structures and Productivity of Agriculture in the Visegrad Group
Słowa kluczowe	produktywność, rolnictwo, ziemia, praca, Grupa Wyszehradzka
Key words	productivity, agriculture, land, labor, Visegrad Group
Abstrakt	Głównym celem pracy było porównanie zróżnicowania struktury agrarnej oraz produktywności ziemi i pracy w krajach Grupy Wyszehradzkiej. Dodatkowo analizie poddano znaczenie Grupy Wyszehradzkiej w Unii Europejskiej w odniesieniu do wielkości produkcji wybranych ziemiopłodów oraz pogłowia i obsady bydła a także trzody chlewnej. Jak wynika z przeprowadzonych analiz, najwyższą spośród państw Grupy Wyszehradzkiej produktywnością ziemi odznaczały się w badanych latach Polska i Węgry (ponad 600 euro/ha UR), z kolei największą dynamiką wzrostu tej wielkości – Słowacja (niemal dwukrotny wzrost w latach 2010-2013). Biorąc pod uwagę produktywność pracy należy podkreślić, że największą wydajnością pracy charakteryzowały się gospodarstwa rolne w Czechach i na Słowacji.
Abstract	The main objective of the study was a comparative analysis of the diversity of the agrarian structure and the productivity of land and labour in the Visegrad Group countries. Additionally, the importance of the Visegrad Group in the European Union was analysed in relation to the size of the production of selected crops and livestock as well as the population and cast of cattle and pigs. According to the conducted analyses, the highest productivity of land among the countries of the Visegrad Group was shown in the years under study by Poland and Hungary (over EUR 600 / ha AL), while the highest dynamics of the growth rate of this parameter - by Slovakia (almost two-fold increase in 2010-2013). Taking into account labour productivity, it should be emphasized, that the greatest labour productivity characterized farms in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
Cytowanie	Piwowar A. (2017) Struktury rolne i produktywność rolnictwa w Grupie Wyszehradzkiej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 1: 152-160
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n1_s152.pdf

Autor	Mykola Orlykovskyi, Ludwik Wicki, Lesia Zaburanna
Tytuł	Agriculture in Poland and Ukraine – Potential and Dynamics of Changes in Production
Title
Słowa kluczowe	productivity gap, agriculture efficiency, production factors, agriculture development
Key words
Abstrakt	The article attempts to compare the importance of agriculture and the dynamics of its development in Ukraine and Poland. The most important constraints on the development of Ukrainian agriculture were identified, including the unregulated land market, lack of coherent support programs for agriculture and rural areas, poorly developed infrastructure of the agricultural environment and lack of capital for development. It was found that agriculture in Ukraine is characterized by a high growth rate of productivity and production. The observed output gap in relation to agriculture in Poland is about 10 years. The agricultural sector in Ukraine has about 10% share in generating GDP and as much as 40% share in exports. Such high importance can be maintained even in the conditions of economic development, as there are large reserves in the development of agribusiness. The most important development factors include the introduction of a coherent program for the development of the agribusiness sector, including production of goods with high added value and increasing the availability of capital for the development of agriculture. A great opportunity is the development of trade in the conditions of affiliation with the EU.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Orlykovskyi M., Wicki L., Zaburanna L. (2017) Agriculture in Poland and Ukraine – Potential and Dynamics of Changes in Production.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 4: 326-338
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n4_s326.pdf