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Autor	Tatiana Bludova, Oleksiy Kudenko, Volodymyr Tokar, Natalia Wasilewska
Tytuł	EVALUATION OF TARGET MARKET SEGMENTS FOR ENTERPRISES
Title
Słowa kluczowe	market segmentation, psychographic factors, relevant factors, questionnaires, respondents.
Key words
Abstrakt	The purpose of the article is to substantiate the emergence of new – and the development of existing – factors and segmentation criteria for meeting consumer needs and increasing the efficiency of marketing activities for Ukrainian enterprises under modern market conditions. The object of the research is to analyze the process of development and any increases in the effectiveness of marketing segmentation. The subject of research is the theoretical, methodical and practical provisions of the formation of targeted marketing segmentation for the markets of Ukrainian enterprises. The goal of the research is to evaluate the direction and type of market segmentation that determines future target segments for enterprises and their share of existing markets. We present the characteristics of enterprises that work on market relations for the production and sale of computer devices that provide network connections. Our method was to estimate the direction and type of market segmentation in order to determine the prospective segments for such enterprises and their share of the existing market. In order to evaluate the attractiveness of target segments for Ukrainian enterprises, a survey was conducted to validate customer reactions. The analyzed variables included: the length of time a person uses his/her computer device; the reasons for possible changes and important settings when choosing a computer device; the timeframe for buying a computer device. The results of the questionnaire are separated by gender, social and geographic factors, as well as by family composition and age of respondents, taking into account the stages of their life cycle, as well as their educational level and professions – for three enterprises. Particular attention was paid to the psychographic factors of occupation and social class. The questionnaire also contained a self-assessment section on the psychological qualities of the consumer and on their psychography, which we analyzed. The hypotheses presented by individual factors and the consumer segment, separated by the results of the survey, and the analysis of the respondents' answers, are presented. Confirmation of the hypotheses and isolation of the consumer segment are given.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Bludova T., Kudenko O., Tokar V., Wasilewska N. (2019) EVALUATION OF TARGET MARKET SEGMENTS FOR ENTERPRISES.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 22(71): 223-237
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2019_n71_s223.pdf

Autor	Marzena Lemanowicz, Joanna Szwacka-Mokrzycka
Tytuł	INNOVATION ACTIVITIES OF FOOD INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES
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Abstract	At present, the food market in Poland is characterised with significant intensity of competition, caused by high saturation of consumers’ needs. In response to market requirements, producers offer innovative product lines and diversified marketing activities. The article discusses the main trends related to initiating innovation activities in the segment of new generation products (dairy desserts and dessert concentrates). It has been concluded that innovation activities focus above all on changed product compositions, use of additives, form of consistence, offer diversification in terms of product weight, modification of packaging design and focus on distinguishing product positioning, as well as creation of unique segmentation and advertising strategies. Market leaders in terms of innovative product offers are large concerns and large processing plants. This is connected with high capital requirements of innovation activities. The dominant view is that innovation of the whole dairy industry in Poland is low. On the other hand, the situation in the segment of dessert concentrates is much better in this respect. Innovative activities ought to allow rationalisation of manufacturing costs, better quality and health characteristics of products.
Cytowanie	Lemanowicz M., Szwacka-Mokrzycka J. (2014) INNOVATION ACTIVITIES OF FOOD INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 12(61): 110-121
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2014_n61_s110.pdf

Autor	Joanna Szwacka-Mokrzycka
Tytuł	TYPOLOGY OF MARKETING STRATEGIES FOR COMPANIES OF FOOD INDUSTRY
Title
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Key words	marketing strategy, attractiveness of food industry, TGI, specificity of companies of food industry
Abstrakt
Abstract	The paper presents the typology of marketing strategies for food industry companies in Poland. The aim of this article is to determine the most effective strategies for food industry sector in Poland. The results of estimation of the selected food markets attractiveness (based on Porter’s 5 forces analysis) and segmentation (based on cyclical study TGI) are the base of typology of marketing strategies. Presented typology of marketing strategies based on research conducted in the period 1998-2012. In the framework of food industry there were selected the following branches for segmentation research: dairy, meat and edible fats. The results of research allowed to determination of possibilities of implementation of marketing strategies on the selected food markets. There are possibilities of wider use of strategies of market penetration and development and strategy of influencing on purchasers. The next recommended group are strategies of cooperation with partners in the field of distribution and strategy of the cost leadership, especially for large companies, which benefit from economies of scale. Next proposal is connected with differentiation strategy recommended for producers of new-generation products.
Cytowanie	Szwacka-Mokrzycka J. (2013) TYPOLOGY OF MARKETING STRATEGIES FOR COMPANIES OF FOOD INDUSTRY.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 10(59): 705-716
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2013_n59_s705.pdf

Autor	Marcin Gąsior
Tytuł	Stosunek konsumentów rynku IT do zależnych i niezależnych internetowych źródeł informacji zakupowej
Title	CONSUMERS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT INTERNET SOURCES OF INFORMATION
Słowa kluczowe	zachowanie konsumenta, źródła informacji, segmentacja
Key words	consumer behavior, information, information sources, segmentation
Abstrakt	Zachowanie konsumenta, czyli wszelka aktywność podejmowana w trakcie nabywania, użytkowania i pozbywania się dóbr i usług, jest kształtowane i warunkowane przez szereg czynników, zarówno zewnętrznego, jak i wewnętrznego charakteru. Jednym z najważniejszych z nich jest płynąca z otoczenia informacja, umożliwiająca w szczególności ocenę alternatyw oraz dokonanie wyboru. W obrębie niniejszego artykułu, w oparciu o przeprowadzone badanie konsumentów rynku IT, poddano dyskusji postrzeganie przez potencjalnych nabywców różnych, dostępnych form informacji, skłonność do ich wykorzystania, a także kryteria oceny przydatności. W oparciu o przedstawione zmienne podjęta została także próba klasyfikacji konsumentów – wyodrębnienia grup o zbliżonym stosunku do informacji zakupowej.
Abstract	Consumer behaviour, defined as a set of activities people undertake prior to and while obtaining, consuming, and disposing of products and services is shaped and influenced by a significant number of factors, both external and internal. There is no denying that information should be considered as one of the most important of these determinants, since it enables consumers to build and evaluate a set of alternatives and, as a consequence, make a more or less rational decision. This article, based on a survey of polish IT market consumers’, discusses buyers’ perception of different, available forms of information, their willingness to include those forms in decision making processes as well as consumers’ criteria for evaluating their usefulness. Additionally, aforementioned variables were employed in an attempt to reveal, using cluster analysis, similarities between different categories of consumers in terms of their approach to information sources and gathering.
Cytowanie	Gąsior M. (2013) Stosunek konsumentów rynku IT do zależnych i niezależnych internetowych źródeł informacji zakupowej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 10(59): 205-213
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2013_n59_s205.pdf

Autor	Marek Rawski
Tytuł	CUSTOMER - TARGETED STRATEGY AS A COMPONENT OF MARKETING STRATEGY
Title
Słowa kluczowe	strategia marketingowa, strategia nakierowana na klientów
Key words
Abstrakt	Celem opracowania jest ogólna charakterystyka komponentu strategii marketingowej, określonego jako strategia nakierowana na klientów. Według Autora, strategia nakierowana na klientów składa się z dwóch poziomów: strategii stymulacji rynku i strategii podziału rynku. Oba komponenty zostaną scharakteryzowane. Właściwe rozważania zostaną poprzedzone zarysem autorskiego rozumienia pojęcia „strategia marketingowa” oraz prezentacją założeń przyjętych przez autora dla formułowania tego rozumienia. Jest to konieczne, ponieważ przyjęte rozumienie strategii marketingowej tworzy „szkielet” dla pojęcia strategia nakierowana na klientów.
Abstract	Total, customer targeted strategy comprises two solutions: marketing stimulation strategy and market segmentation strategy. Marketing stimulation strategy is an aggregate of two main instruments of influence: a broadly understood “set of benefits”, and its price consistent with the mission statement and the desired marketing image, reflecting the aspirations regarding the quality of the conducted economic activity. Two issues (market segmentation strategy) must be settled prior to implementation of the method affecting the market with quality-price benefits: enterprise potential analysis in terms of feasibility of implementation of a given marketing stimulation strategy and multi-faceted analysis of the clients on the market. Both components are characterized.
Cytowanie	Rawski M. (2013) CUSTOMER - TARGETED STRATEGY AS A COMPONENT OF MARKETING STRATEGY.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 10(59): 569-579
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2013_n59_s569.pdf

Autor	Marzena Lemanowicz
Tytuł	Preferencje polskich konsumentów na rynku przetworów mleczarskich w latach 2004–2008
Title	Preferences of Polish consumer on dairy market in 2004–2008
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Abstract	The article describes the determinants and the results of estimation of changes in preferences on dairy market in Poland. Determinants of consumer behavior, results of behavioral segmentation and positioning of strong brands are presented. Evaluation of consumers preferences was made upon the results of single sources research (Target Group Index). It was carried out that on the luxury dairy market loyalty is relatively higher than on cheap dairy market which demonstrates the change of loyalty level in connection with market sector and product character.
Cytowanie	Lemanowicz M. (2011) Preferencje polskich konsumentów na rynku przetworów mleczarskich w latach 2004–2008.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 93: 93-106
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2011_n93_s93.pdf

Autor	Jacek Chotkowski, Małgorzata Czerwińska
Tytuł	Instrumenty marketingu w rolnictwie ekologicznym
Title	Marketing instruments in ecological agriculture
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Abstrakt	Marketing stanowi niezbędny element strategii rozwoju rolnictwa ekologicznego, gdyż istnieje wiele utrudnień zmniejszających konkurencyjność tego rynku (wyższa cena zbytu, rozdrobnienie produkcji i spożycia, krótka przydatność produktów do spożycia). Podstawą programu skutecznych działań marketingowych powinna być specjalna jakość (ekologiczna). Celem pracy jest określenie podstawowych elementów strategii oraz kluczowych instrumentów marketingu operacyjnego, warunkujących w perspektywie zwiększenie udziału produktów ekologicznych do 10 - 15 % rynku żywności w Polsce. Działania marketingowe powinny mieć charakter kompleksowy. Pierwszą jego częścią powinna być prowadzona w imieniu całego krajowego sektora rolnictwa ekologicznego ciągła kampania informacyjno-edukacyjna na temat istoty i walorów wytwarzanych metodami ekologicznymi produktów, łącznie z przekazem, że technologie te chronią, a nie niszczą środowisko. Strategia marketingowa powinna opierać się na segmentacji rynku, współpracy producentów oraz bezpośredniego dotarcia do konsumentów. Niezbędny jest rozwój współpracy biznesowej producentów (grupy marketingowe) w celu organizacji zbiorowej sprzedaży pod jednolitą marką. Kolejnym nurtem profesjonalnego marketingu powinien być rozwój marketingu partnerskiego (relacyjnego) zmierzający do tworzenia trwałych przyjacielskich więzi między sprzedawcą a konsumentem. Wzorem krajów zachodnich, należy zwiększyć w handlu udział produktów świeżych, zamiast przetworzonych. Uwzględniając ogólne trendy zmian stylów życia, uzasadnione jest wzbogacenie oferty sprzedaży o półprodukty ułatwiające przygotowanie obiadu.
Abstract	Marketing is the essential element of the strategy in ecological agriculture because of existing barriers causing the decrease of competitiveness on the market, like for instance: higher prices, micronized production and consumption or short time of the usefulness of products for consuming. The base of the effectiveness of marketing activities in any enterprise should be special quality of its products, which means ecological quality. The main goal of this article is to identify the basic elements of the strategy and marketing instruments, which both determine the increase of amount of ecological products in the Polish market. Marketing activities should have complex character. Firstly, they should be organized as the continuous information campaign which will be led in the name of national sector of ecological agriculture. This educational campaign should prove the essence and values of ecological production methods. The main accent in it should be put into the positive effects of using them. First of all it should show that new, ecological technologies protect the production and do not destroy the environment. Secondly, marketing strategy should be based on market segmentation, the permanent cooperation of producers and directive activity for reaching consumers. The essential role of it is the cooperation of business sector in the aim of cooperative sale under one brand of the product. The next direction of professional marketing is to create the relation marketing which should cause the permanent relations between sellers and consumers. As the example of western countries, Poland should increase the amount of fresh products on the market, instead of processed ones. It is also worth taking into consideration to augment Polish food offer by the sales of semi-products, which are helpful to prepare complete dinner.
Cytowanie	Chotkowski J., Czerwińska M. (2010) Instrumenty marketingu w rolnictwie ekologicznym.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 3(52): 160-169
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2010_n52_s160.pdf

Autor	Janusz Dworak
Tytuł	Pozycjonowanie w marketingu. Wykorzystanie anamorfozy w pozycjonowaniu
Title	Positioning in Marketing. Using Anamorphosis in positioning
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Abstrakt	Decyzje gospodarcze i społeczne mają racjonalne uwarunkowania wówczas, gdy oparte są na logicznych przesłankach. W dobie powszechnego dostępu do informacji, badań naukowych, raportów i danych statystycznych coraz więcej decyzji podejmowanych jest w oparciu o zestawienia wskaźników i mierników. Można się nimi posłużyć w ocenie firmy na dany moment oraz ukazać dynamikę zmian zachodzącą w czasie. Porównywanie wyników badań ilościowych dla różnych zjawisk pozwala na określenie pozycji interesującego nas obiektu w otoczeniu, czyli określenie jego kontekstu. Jest to możliwe dzięki ustaleniu jego dystansu względem wartości maksymalnej, minimalnej, średniej czy też wartości normatywnej. Dzięki uszeregowaniu wyników pomiarów dla grupy obiektów otrzymujemy szereg informacji na temat relacji między nimi. Umożliwia to także skonstruowanie modelu badanego zjawiska, czyli stworzenia dlań wzorca.
Abstract	Economic and social decisions has its rational conditions, while they are based on logical grounds. These grounds are usually formed by metrics and indicators. We can use them to rate every firm at desired moment and to show the dynamics of changes in time. Comparisons of measurements in quantitative research for various occurrence allows us to fix their position in relation to: maximum value, minimum value, average value, normative value and the model. Comparison allows us to specify the distance between the subject of the research and the pattern, so determines its position in the environment. The process of comparison is called the positioning and we can consider it: as an assignation of the product or company position on the market; as a position which is allotted by goods consumed by the client; as a place of business in terms of market share against competitors; as a tool for data processing, which are changing in space and time; as a discriminant, which allows us to pick a product among others. This lecture highlights two types of positioning: simple and complex. In simple case the place among other similar objects has been designated by the way they organize on the axis which means that it is possible to immediately determine the investment of tested object against the environment, to estimate the distance separating it from the best and worst, to assess the relation to the national average, etc. The complex positioning shows the way of analyse many indicators simultaneously on the example of universities. For this purpose, the anamorphosis method was adopted. In this method I had to resign from the actual distance and for better clarity in presentation I had to create artificial image. In addition, I presented a summary way of segmentation, which allows prospective students to experience the atmosphere of studying. Then I presented a matrix determined by the axes OX and OY, where the traditional rate-scale was replaced by the characteristic faces to show emotional state of respondents. When we are taking two or three indicators simultaneously into consideration, the matrix provides the execution of positioning. This article is a proposal to apply the methods of positioning for the universities competing with each other in the same area. Proposals of graphic methods presented in this lecture can be useful in practice because they are letting prospective students to generate relevant information from available data. They can also be used to develop the marketing strategy for universities.
Cytowanie	Dworak J. (2010) Pozycjonowanie w marketingu. Wykorzystanie anamorfozy w pozycjonowaniu.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 3(52): 25-35
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2010_n52_s25.pdf

Autor	Marcin Dudziński, Ewa Wasilewska
Tytuł	Zastosowanie metody eliminacji wektorów w analizie zmian struktury rynku pracy
Title	The Use of Vectors Elimination Method in the Analysis of the Structure’s Changes on the Labour Market
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Abstract	In the paper the changes of the structure of an economic activity in Poland in the span of 1993–2008 was presented. The main aim of the article is an attempt of segmentation of analysed time period on periods characterised by similarity of the labour market structure within period. As the elements of analyzed structure authors selected four categories: employed persons on a full-time basis, employed persons on the part-time basis, unemployed persons and professionally passive persons. The segmentation of analysed time period was conducted with the use of vectors elimination method, assuming arithmetical average of non-diagonal elements of the lack of structures similarity measurements matrix as threshold value. As the result of the procedure three time periods were distinguished, characterized by the similarity within period, i.e. 1993–1999, 2000–2006 and 2007–2008.
Cytowanie	Dudziński M., Wasilewska E. (2009) Zastosowanie metody eliminacji wektorów w analizie zmian struktury rynku pracy.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 74: 63-79
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n74_s63.pdf