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Autor	Marcin Łupiński, Piotr Misztal
Tytuł	Czy polskie banki są stabilne? Analiza ryzyka systemowego
Title	ARE POLISH BANKS STABLE? A SYSTEMIC RISK ANALYSIS
Słowa kluczowe	stabilność finansowa, ryzyko systemowe, model sieci
Key words	financial stability, systemic risk, network model, banking system
Abstrakt	Kryzys finansowy 2007+ ujawnił braki w reakcji decydentów politycznych na ryzyko systemowe. Okazało się, że nie tylko upadki poszczególnych banków, ale także negatywne efekty zewnętrzne wśród podmiotów mogą spowodować poważne zagrożenie dla sektora finansowego. W ciągu ostatnich 10 lat podjęto wiele międzynarodowych i krajowych inicjatyw mających na celu wzmocnienie stabilności systemu finansowego, wprowadzając perspektywę makroostrożnościową do nadzoru finansowego. Jednak ostatnie pandemie COVID19 okazały się poważnym negatywnym szokiem dla wielu gospodarek i ich sektorów finansowych. W niniejszym artykule, wykorzystując model sieciowy, staramy się przeanalizować, w jaki sposób te nieoczekiwane wydarzenia wpłynęły na polski sektor bankowy z ryzykiem systemowym. W celu analizy stabilności polskich banków opracowaliśmy formalne ramy testów warunków skrajnych oparte na modelu sieciowym, które umożliwiły identyfikację, modelowanie i pomiar ryzyka systemowego. Staraliśmy się zintegrować analizę czasu i przekrojowego charakteru ryzyka systemowego.
Abstract	The financial crisis that began in 2007 pointed out deficiencies in policy-makers’ responsesto systemic risk. It turned out that not only individual bank insolvencies but also spillovers fromnegative externalities among entities can cause serious threats to the financial sector. During thelast 10 years, many international and national initiatives were taken to strengthen the soundnessof the financial system, introducing a macroprudential perspective to financial supervision.However, the recent COVID19 pandemic resulted in a serious negative shock for many economiesand their financial sectors. In this paper, using the network model we try to analyse how theserecent unexpected developments affected the Polish banking sector with systemic risk. To analysePolish bank stability we developed a formal stress-testing framework based on the network modelthat allowed systemic risk identification, modelling and measurement. We tried to integrateanalysis of time and the cross-sectional nature of systemic risk.
Cytowanie	Łupiński M., Misztal P. (2022) Czy polskie banki są stabilne? Analiza ryzyka systemowego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 27(76): 68-79
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2022_n76_s68.pdf

Autor	Alina Daniłowska, Aigerim Duisenbekova
Tytuł	Assessment of Food Security in the East Kazakhstan Region
Title	Assessment of Food Security in the East Kazakhstan Region
Słowa kluczowe	sustainability, agriculture, agri-food policy, food security
Key words	sustainability, agriculture, agri-food policy, food security
Abstrakt	The article assesses the food security of one region of Kazakhstan - the East Kazakhstan region. In the analyses, criteria such as the level of the region’s food independence, the degree of satisfaction of the population’s physiological needs in basic food, and the level of economic availability of food were applied. The research has shown that the food security in the East Kazakhstan region was at an acceptable level. However, some threats to food security were identified, including: a high level of income differentiation among the households of the East Kazakhstan region, an increase in the price index for food products, and a significant proportion of the population with incomes below the subsistence minimum. The results of the evaluation can be useful for creating agri-food policy measures that will ensure, maintain and improve the level of food security at both a regional and national level.
Abstract	The article assesses the food security of one region of Kazakhstan - the East Kazakhstan region. In the analyses, criteria such as the level of the region’s food independence, the degree of satisfaction of the population’s physiological needs in basic food, and the level of economic availability of food were applied. The research has shown that the food security in the East Kazakhstan region was at an acceptable level. However, some threats to food security were identified, including: a high level of income differentiation among the households of the East Kazakhstan region, an increase in the price index for food products, and a significant proportion of the population with incomes below the subsistence minimum. The results of the evaluation can be useful for creating agri-food policy measures that will ensure, maintain and improve the level of food security at both a regional and national level.
Cytowanie	Daniłowska A., Duisenbekova A. (2021) Assessment of Food Security in the East Kazakhstan Region.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 3: 4-13
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2021_T21(36)_n3_s4.pdf

Autor	S.H. Pushpa Malkanthi
Tytuł	Outlook of Present Organic Agriculture Policies and Future Needs in Sri Lanka
Title	Outlook of Present Organic Agriculture Policies and Future Needs in Sri Lanka
Słowa kluczowe	conventional agriculture, organic agriculture, organic farming policies, Sri Lanka
Key words	conventional agriculture, organic agriculture, organic farming policies, Sri Lanka
Abstrakt	Many countries are formulating organic agriculture or organic farming policies aimed at sustainable agricultural development. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: to understand the present situation of organic agriculture policies in Sri Lanka and also in other countries where successful organic agriculture is operating; identify problems in the organic agriculture sector; and suggest potential policy measures to be implemented in Sri Lanka in future. The research was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, a thorough literature review was conducted to study the suitable policies available in other countries and also in Sri Lanka at present. In the second stage, two field surveys were carried out using pre-tested questionnaires, from December 2019 to May 2020, in order to gather farmers’ and extension officers’ information related to organic farming policy suggestions. According to the findings of the literature review, organic systems in some countries are more integrated with national strategic plans and visions. Those governments are more involved in new initiatives and farmers are encouraged to go organic through reliable and feasible policies. Although Sri Lanka has a high potential for organic agriculture, at present it is at an initial stage. While most organic products in Sri Lanka go to the export market, a small portion is kept at local markets. Demand for organic products in export as well as domestic markets is increasing. Even though there are seven international food certification agencies operating in the country as external inspection and certification bodies, a limited number of accredited certifications exist for products on the domestic market. Results of the farmers’ survey showed that even if farmers have a significant level of knowledge, few of them practice organic farming due to several existing problems. Moreover, extension officers have also identified similar types of problems that are faced by the farmers related to organic farming. Evaluation of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) related to organic agriculture in the country helped to identify key problems facing policy-makers when balancing the supply and demand sides of organic products. Also, in developing organic agriculture, an effective linkage and coordination among government and private participants is crucial. Therefore, in Sri Lanka in this context, strategic focus on policy support for organic agriculture is needed. Current organic farming programs need to be revised in order to formulate policies covering all areas related to production, handling, processing, certification, labeling and marketing, in order to bring the benefits of organic agriculture to farmers, marketers and consumers in a fair manner.
Abstract	Many countries are formulating organic agriculture or organic farming policies aimed at sustainable agricultural development. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: to understand the present situation of organic agriculture policies in Sri Lanka and also in other countries where successful organic agriculture is operating; identify problems in the organic agriculture sector; and suggest potential policy measures to be implemented in Sri Lanka in future. The research was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, a thorough literature review was conducted to study the suitable policies available in other countries and also in Sri Lanka at present. In the second stage, two field surveys were carried out using pre-tested questionnaires, from December 2019 to May 2020, in order to gather farmers’ and extension officers’ information related to organic farming policy suggestions. According to the findings of the literature review, organic systems in some countries are more integrated with national strategic plans and visions. Those governments are more involved in new initiatives and farmers are encouraged to go organic through reliable and feasible policies. Although Sri Lanka has a high potential for organic agriculture, at present it is at an initial stage. While most organic products in Sri Lanka go to the export market, a small portion is kept at local markets. Demand for organic products in export as well as domestic markets is increasing. Even though there are seven international food certification agencies operating in the country as external inspection and certification bodies, a limited number of accredited certifications exist for products on the domestic market. Results of the farmers’ survey showed that even if farmers have a significant level of knowledge, few of them practice organic farming due to several existing problems. Moreover, extension officers have also identified similar types of problems that are faced by the farmers related to organic farming. Evaluation of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) related to organic agriculture in the country helped to identify key problems facing policy-makers when balancing the supply and demand sides of organic products. Also, in developing organic agriculture, an effective linkage and coordination among government and private participants is crucial. Therefore, in Sri Lanka in this context, strategic focus on policy support for organic agriculture is needed. Current organic farming programs need to be revised in order to formulate policies covering all areas related to production, handling, processing, certification, labeling and marketing, in order to bring the benefits of organic agriculture to farmers, marketers and consumers in a fair manner.
Cytowanie	Malkanthi S. (2021) Outlook of Present Organic Agriculture Policies and Future Needs in Sri Lanka.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 3: 55-72
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2021_T21(36)_n3_s55.pdf

Autor	Vicky Katsoni, Tilemachos Koliopoulos
Tytuł	Innovative Airport Designs’ Infrastructures to supportan Integrated Sustainable Tourism Policy for SustainableDevelopment and Public Health Protection
Title
Słowa kluczowe	Sustainable tourism, ICTs – Technological innovation in airports, public healthprotection, sustainable designs in tourism, tourism marketing management, renewableresources
Key words
Abstrakt	In this paper are investigated actions for public health protection in airports’tourism facilities and actions that promote innovation at Airports’ sustainable constructioninfrastructures to minimize associated pollution threats. An integrated framework ispresented based on a comprehensive and analysis of the community airport tourism centersand sustainable design facilities in sustainable construction infrastructures in transportationrelated to waste management facilities and energy recovery from landfill emissions thatare produced at nearby places at airports. Research in Sustainable Airport Designs andInfrastructures is necessary to solve common operating problems, to adapt appropriate usefulinformation technologies, and to introduce innovations into the airport tourism industry. Thestudy reveals sustainability dimensions that are lagging or require much greater attention,such as sustainable designs, environmental management, monitoring, safety and public healthprotection of tourists at airport facilities. In this study are presented useful solutions forsustainable airport designs that promote sustainability supporting an Integrated SustainableTourism Policy for Public Health Protection and Sustainable Development within associatedinfrastructures and airport facilities. Useful conclusions are made for the airport tourismindustry, sustainable infrastructures, environmental technologies, renewable resources,sanitary facilities and associative infrastructures developing innovative near-term solutions tomeet demands placed on it.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Katsoni V., Koliopoulos T.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2020_n13_s43.pdf

Autor	Kinga Cichocka, Dawid Olewnicki
Tytuł	Ocena kondycji ekonomiczno-finansowej przedsiębiorstwa produkującego i sprzedającego rośliny ozdobne
Title	EVALUATION OF THE ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL CONDITION OF AN ENTERPRISE PRODUCING AND SELLING ORNAMENTAL PLANTS
Słowa kluczowe	rośliny ozdobne, produkcja szklarniowa, analiza ekonomiczno-finansowa
Key words	ornamental plants, greenhouse production, economic and financial analysis
Abstrakt	Celem opracowania była ocena kondycji ekonomiczno-finansowej wybranego przedsiębiorstwa produkującego i sprzedającego rośliny ozdobne w latach 2010-2016. Dokonano oceny struktury aktywów i pasywów oraz wskaźników zadłużenia, rentowności (ROA i ROE) oraz płynności bieżącej (CR – I stopnia) i szybkiej (QR – II stopnia). Wielkości wskaźników obliczonych na podstawie danych zawartych w sprawozdaniach finansowych nie wykazały istotnie niepokojących zjawisk. W latach 2014-2016 spółka osiągała satysfakcjonujący poziom wskaźnika ROA, tj. wyższy niż poziom inflacji, oraz wskaźnika ROE, którego wartość nie spadła poniżej 9,56%.
Abstract	The aim of the study was to assess the financial and economic situation of the company specialized in producing and selling ornamental plants in 2010-2016. The structure of assets, liabilities and the following indicators: debt, profitability, current liquidity (CR), quick liquidity (QR) were analyzed. The analysis based on the financial statements data did not reveal any significant or alarming threats. The values of selected indicators mostly did not deviate from the norm considerably. In the last three years the company achieved a satisfactory level of ROA, i.e. higher than the level of inflation and ROE, which value did not fall below 10%.
Cytowanie	Cichocka K., Olewnicki D. (2019) Ocena kondycji ekonomiczno-finansowej przedsiębiorstwa produkującego i sprzedającego rośliny ozdobne.Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 106, z. 1: 87-96
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2019_n1_s87.pdf

Autor	Jerzy Bieńkowski, Małgorzata Holka
Tytuł	Environmental Assessment of the Life Cycle of Bovine Compound Feeds from a Feed Milling Plant in a Large Commercial Farm in Wielkopolska Region, Poland
Title	Environmental Assessment of the Life Cycle of Bovine Compound Feeds from a Feed Milling Plant in a Large Commercial Farm in Wielkopolska Region, Poland
Słowa kluczowe	environment, life cycle analysis, impact category indicator, compound feed, feed mill, Poland
Key words	environment, life cycle analysis, impact category indicator, compound feed, feed mill, Poland
Abstrakt	In recent years, the importance of environmental threats associated with intensive livestock production has been emphasized. Compound feeds make up a part of the animal production chain. A complete assessment of the animal production system with regard to environmental criteria is therefore impossible without considering the environmental consequences of feed production. The goal of this research is to fill the gap in an environmental assessment of production processes of compound feeds in Poland. The study presents an assessment of production impacts of bovine compound feeds according to Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) methodology. The data for analysis were based on the set of information obtained from the feed milling plant located in a commercial agricultural enterprise in the Wielkopolska region in the years 2015-2016. An inventory table of inputs was prepared in relation to the functional unit of 1 ton of compound feeds and two phases of production processes, i.e. upstream and core. For average compound feed, the impact category indicators for the global warming potential, acidification, eutrophication, photochemical ozone formation, consumption of mineral resources, fossil fuel resources and the emission of the respirable particles were respectively: 605.9 kg CO2 eq, 8.73 kg SO2 eq, 3.32 kg PO4 eq, 0.73 kg ethylene eq, 3.4x10-3 kg antimony eq, 5141.1 MJ and 2.25 kg PM2.5 eq. The upstream phase had the greatest effect on investigated impacts, while the core processes phase had a relatively low impact on environmental threats. It is recommended to broaden the scope of the research for a larger group of feed milling plants with more complex manufacturing processes, with a more branched supply structure and a wide range of compound feeds for different animal types. The obtained data can be a valuable source base in prospective analyses of the life cycle of various animal products in Poland.
Abstract	In recent years, the importance of environmental threats associated with intensive livestock production has been emphasized. Compound feeds make up a part of the animal production chain. A complete assessment of the animal production system with regard to environmental criteria is therefore impossible without considering the environmental consequences of feed production. The goal of this research is to fill the gap in an environmental assessment of production processes of compound feeds in Poland. The study presents an assessment of production impacts of bovine compound feeds according to Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) methodology. The data for analysis were based on the set of information obtained from the feed milling plant located in a commercial agricultural enterprise in the Wielkopolska region in the years 2015-2016. An inventory table of inputs was prepared in relation to the functional unit of 1 ton of compound feeds and two phases of production processes, i.e. upstream and core. For average compound feed, the impact category indicators for the global warming potential, acidification, eutrophication, photochemical ozone formation, consumption of mineral resources, fossil fuel resources and the emission of the respirable particles were respectively: 605.9 kg CO2 eq, 8.73 kg SO2 eq, 3.32 kg PO4 eq, 0.73 kg ethylene eq, 3.4x10-3 kg antimony eq, 5141.1 MJ and 2.25 kg PM2.5 eq. The upstream phase had the greatest effect on investigated impacts, while the core processes phase had a relatively low impact on environmental threats. It is recommended to broaden the scope of the research for a larger group of feed milling plants with more complex manufacturing processes, with a more branched supply structure and a wide range of compound feeds for different animal types. The obtained data can be a valuable source base in prospective analyses of the life cycle of various animal products in Poland.
Cytowanie	Bieńkowski J., Holka M. (2019) Environmental Assessment of the Life Cycle of Bovine Compound Feeds from a Feed Milling Plant in a Large Commercial Farm in Wielkopolska Region, Poland.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 1: 22-36
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s22.pdf

Autor	Yuriy Hubeni, Volodymyr Krupa
Tytuł	Land Transformations in Ukraine: Problems and Expectations
Title	Land Transformations in Ukraine: Problems and Expectations
Słowa kluczowe	land reform, land relations, agricultural land market, moratorium, land lease
Key words	land reform, land relations, agricultural land market, moratorium, land lease
Abstrakt	The analysis of urgent problems of land relations transformation and of forming agricultural land market in Ukraine is carried out in the article. The general characteristic of main reform stages is given. The reasons of lasting action of the moratorium on agricultural land sale-purchase being the chief obstacle for complete market development are defined. Supporters' and opponents' arguments about moratorium canceling, population estimation of advantages and threats of land circulation are described. The results of the research project "Farmers' land expectation" made by the authors are given. The project purpose was studying population rational expectations concerning the directions of further land reform development and its results. The research was conducted on the local level in rural surrounding, which is characterized by high competition level among agrarian business subjects at agricultural land lease market. Landowners' and other interested group people' opinions concerning lease cost, potential sale price, inclination towards land sale, possibilities of farmers' common farming on their own land, leaseholders' participation in social and economic development of rural areas are examined. High level of farmers' uncertainty about land market indicators because of knowledge lack and low level of land reform information support is established.
Abstract	The analysis of urgent problems of land relations transformation and of forming agricultural land market in Ukraine is carried out in the article. The general characteristic of main reform stages is given. The reasons of lasting action of the moratorium on agricultural land sale-purchase being the chief obstacle for complete market development are defined. Supporters' and opponents' arguments about moratorium canceling, population estimation of advantages and threats of land circulation are described. The results of the research project "Farmers' land expectation" made by the authors are given. The project purpose was studying population rational expectations concerning the directions of further land reform development and its results. The research was conducted on the local level in rural surrounding, which is characterized by high competition level among agrarian business subjects at agricultural land lease market. Landowners' and other interested group people' opinions concerning lease cost, potential sale price, inclination towards land sale, possibilities of farmers' common farming on their own land, leaseholders' participation in social and economic development of rural areas are examined. High level of farmers' uncertainty about land market indicators because of knowledge lack and low level of land reform information support is established.
Cytowanie	Hubeni Y., Krupa V. (2019) Land Transformations in Ukraine: Problems and Expectations.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 3: 23-34
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n3_s23.pdf

Autor	Dawid Jabkowski, Norbert Szalaty, Paulina L. Wiza
Tytuł	Poziom świadomości konsumentów w zakresie terroryzmu żywnościowegojako przykład współczesnego zagrożenia dla przemysłu rolno-spożywczego
Title	The level of consumer awareness in the field of food terrorism as an example of the modern threat to the agri-food industry
Słowa kluczowe	terroryzm żywnościowy, bezpieczeństwo żywności, przemysł spożywczy, nowe zagrożenia
Key words	food terrorism, food safety, food industry, new threats
Abstrakt	Celem artykułu było zaprezentowanie świadomości konsumentów z zakresu terroryzmu żywnościowego jako nowego zagrożenia w przemyśle spożywczym. Terroryzm żywnościowy to nowe zjawisko, które w XXI wieku stanowi wyzwanie dla przemysłu spożywczego. Polega na celowym skażeniu żywności przy wykorzystaniu substancji biologicznych, chemicznych i fizycznych. Na każdym etapie produkcji żywności może dojść do intencjonalnego skażenia żywności. Do zrealizowania celu zastosowano badania ankietowe, które zostały przeprowadzone z wykorzystaniem portalu internetowego. W badaniach wzięło udział 120 respondentów z Wielkopolski. Na podstawie literatury przedmiotu oraz przeprowadzonych badań ankietowych stwierdzono, iż konsumenci nie są w pełni świadomi, że żywność może być celem ataku terrorystów. Według badanych osób, terroryzm żywnościowy ma charakter globalny i może wystąpić na każdym etapie łańcucha żywnościowego. Z racji, że terroryzm żywnościowy jest zjawiskiem nowym w gospodarce, metody wykorzystywane przez terrorystów oraz potencjalne skutki zagrożenia nie są do końca znane.
Abstract	The aim of the article was to present consumer awareness in the field of food terrorism as a new threat in the food industry. Food terrorism is a new phenomenon, which in the XXI century is a challenge for the food industry. It consists in intentional contamination of food with the use of biological, chemical and physical substances. At every stage of food production may be to intentional contamination. The article attempts to discuss the phenomenon of food terrorism and consumer awareness in the field of food terrorism. In order to carry out surveys, which were carried out using the internet portal. 120 respondents from all of Wielkopolska participated in the research. Based on literature data and surveys, it was found that consumers are not fully aware that food can be the target of a terrorist attack. According to the surveyed, food terrorism is global and can occur at every stage of the food chain. Due to the fact that food terrorism is a new phenomenon in the economy, the methods used by terrorists and the potential effects of the threat are not fully known.
Cytowanie	Jabkowski D., Szalaty N., Wiza P.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2019_n12_s115.pdf

Autor	Arkadiusz Piwowar
Tytuł	The Consumption of Mineral Fertilizers and Herbicides in Poland Against the Background of the European Union
Title	The Consumption of Mineral Fertilizers and Herbicides in Poland Against the Background of the European Union
Słowa kluczowe	low carbon agriculture, mineral fertilizers, plant protection products, Poland
Key words	low carbon agriculture, mineral fertilizers, plant protection products, Poland
Abstrakt	The popularity of fertilizers and plant protection treatments with chemical preparations is based, among other factors, on their ease of use and fast effects. This paper presents an analysis of the consumption of selected agrochemicals in EU-28 agriculture in type and spatial arrangement. The main aim of the article is to present changes in the examined scope, including the identification of Poland's rank in the consumption of selected agrochemicals against the background of European Union countries. According to the analysis, the consumption of mineral fertilizers and herbicides in Poland is one of the highest in Europe. Due to potential threats to human health and life and environmental risks, special attention should be paid to agricultural practices with regard to the use of agrochemicals.
Abstract	The popularity of fertilizers and plant protection treatments with chemical preparations is based, among other factors, on their ease of use and fast effects. This paper presents an analysis of the consumption of selected agrochemicals in EU-28 agriculture in type and spatial arrangement. The main aim of the article is to present changes in the examined scope, including the identification of Poland's rank in the consumption of selected agrochemicals against the background of European Union countries. According to the analysis, the consumption of mineral fertilizers and herbicides in Poland is one of the highest in Europe. Due to potential threats to human health and life and environmental risks, special attention should be paid to agricultural practices with regard to the use of agrochemicals.
Cytowanie	Piwowar A. (2018) The Consumption of Mineral Fertilizers and Herbicides in Poland Against the Background of the European Union.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 1: 194-202
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n1_s194.pdf

Autor	Katarzyna Łukasiewicz
Tytuł	Przyjazdy turystów zagranicznych do Polski oraz ich wydatki w latach 2014-2017 – charakterystyka i perspektywy rozwoju
Title	Arrivals of Foreign Tourists to Poland and Their Expenses in 2014-2017; Characteristics and Development Perspectives
Słowa kluczowe	przyjazd, turystyka, Polska, perspektywy
Key words	arrival, tourism, Poland, perspective
Abstrakt	Turyści zagraniczni bardzo chętnie wybierają Polskę jako cel swojej podróży. Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie charakterystyki przyjazdów turystów zagranicznych do Polski z uwzględnieniem ich wydatków. Wykorzystując dane pochodzące z Ministerstwa Sportu i Turystyki, Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego oraz Narodowego Banku Polskiego przedstawiono liczbę i cele przyjazdów, długość pobytu oraz wykorzystywaną bazę noclegową. W dalszej części opracowania przedstawiono zróżnicowanie wydatków turystów zagranicznych w Polsce z uwzględnieniem przeciętnych wydatków na osobę oraz na dzień pobytu. Zaprezentowano również analizę SWOT, która określa siły i słabości turystyki przyjazdowej oraz szanse i zagrożenia związane z jej rozwojem. Z przeprowadzonej analizy wynika, że przyjazdy turystów zagranicznych wzrosły w 2017 roku o 14,1% w porównaniu do roku 2014. Największe wydatki na osobę wśród turystów zagranicznych odnotowano w przypadku turystów z krajów zamorskich, Skandynawii oraz Niemiec. Najmniej zaś wydali turyści zagraniczni z Czeskiej Republiki, Słowacji, czy Białorusi. W ramach przedstawionej analizy SWOT można stwierdzić, iż szanse rozwoju turystyki przyjazdowej do Polski opierają się głównie na takich czynnikach jak m.in.: położenie, różnorodność, coraz wyższa jakość usług, pozytywne wrażenia wracających z Polski, czy wykorzystanie marek miast (Warszawa, Kraków, Wrocław, Gdańsk).
Abstract	Foreign tourists are eager to choose Poland as their destination. The aim of the article is to present the characteristics of arrivals of foreign tourists to Poland, including their expenses. Using the data from the Ministry of Sport and Tourism, the Central Statistical Office and the National Bank of Poland, the number and purposes of arrivals, length of stay and the accommodation base used were presented. The further part of the study presents the diversification of expenses of foreign tourists in Poland, taking into account the average expenditure per person and per day of stay. A SWOT analysis was also presented, which defines the strength and weakness of inbound tourism as well as the opportunities and threats associated with its development. The analysis shows that arrivals of foreign tourists increased in 2017 by 14.1% compared to 2014. The highest expenditure per person among foreign tourists was recorded in the case of tourists from overseas countries, Scandinavia and Germany. Foreign tourists from the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Belarus issued the least. As part of the SWOT analysis presented, it can be stated that the chances of developing incoming tourism to Poland are mainly based on such factors as: location, diversity, increasingly higher quality of services, positive impressions coming back from Poland, or the use of city brands (Warsaw, Krakow, Wrocław, Gdańsk).
Cytowanie	Łukasiewicz K. (2018) Przyjazdy turystów zagranicznych do Polski oraz ich wydatki w latach 2014-2017 – charakterystyka i perspektywy rozwoju.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 4: 333-344
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n4_s333.pdf

Autor	Zuzanna Szymaniuk
Tytuł	THE PHENOMENON OF LAND ABANDONMENT IN THE OPINIONS OF AGRICULTURAL ADVISERS (EXAMPLE OF PODLASKIE VOIVODESHIP)
Title
Słowa kluczowe	land abandonment, land use, agriculture, Podlaskie Voivodeship
Key words
Abstrakt	The phenomenon of abandoning agricultural land is the same as discontinuing the agricultural use of certain agricultural land, the causes of which should be sought in environmental, economic and social factors. In the Podlaskie Voivodeship, agriculture plays a key role in economic life due to the significant number of lands classified as agricultural and century-old tradition of agriculture. The research assessed the existence of threats that could cause the problem of abandonment of agricultural land in the region and indicated the complexity of the land abandonment phenomenon. The study is based on opinions of advisers from the regional Agricultural Extension Service Centre. The results indicated that the process of ceasing to use agricultural land is the result of many factors that mutually influence and strengthen each other.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Szymaniuk Z.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s95.pdf

Autor	Lina Marcinkevičiūtė, Anna Świrska, Jan Žukovskis
Tytuł	MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES WITH AIM SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CASE OF THE LITHUANIAN ELDERSHIP AND POLISH MUNICIPALITY
Title
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	management of natural resources, management of resources based on community needs, sustainable rural development
Abstrakt
Abstract	The article analyzes sustainable rural development as development of rural localities that promotes progressive and effective management of resources, in coordination of their protection and sustainable usage with regard to requirements set in different areas (economics, social development, culture, law and environmental protection). The natural resources’ sorts, functions and indicators related to usage of natural resources are described. The strengths and weaknesses of environmental changes, the solution possibilities of the sorest problems and probable threats are named. The essential attention is given to the main components of the environment – air, water, climate, landscape, and problems of biological diversity. The article stresses the sustainable development of natural resources through strategic usage of natural resources that is beneficial to rural localities and residents. The described research was carried out in Zasliai eldership of Kaisiadorys region (Lithuania) and in Siedlce Municipality of Siedlce Poviat (Poland). The condition of its natural resources, management tools and significance for sustainable development of the locality were assessed. The improvement directions of management of natural resources in the eldership were named and substantiated with regard to the components of sustainable development (economic, environmental protection and social-cultural).
Cytowanie	Marcinkevičiūtė L., Świrska A., Žukovskis J. (2017) MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES WITH AIM SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CASE OF THE LITHUANIAN ELDERSHIP AND POLISH MUNICIPALITY.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 18(67): 200-217
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2017_n67_s200.pdf

Autor	Elżbieta Kacperska
Tytuł	Poland and the Czech Republic in the Process of Globalization
Title
Słowa kluczowe	globalization, globalization indices, effects of globalization, threats of globalization, economic growth, Poland, Czech Republic
Key words
Abstrakt	The purpose of an article was to analyses complexity of the globalization process and its effects for the functioning of the Polish and Czech economies. In addition to the opportunities and threats of the globalization process, the study includes an analysis of the primary indicators for both economies, i.e. GDP, participation in foreign trade, flow of foreign investment and ranking of the KOF globalization index.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Kacperska E. (2017) Poland and the Czech Republic in the Process of Globalization.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 4: 130-142
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n4_s130.pdf

Autor	Elżbieta Kacperska
Tytuł	Terroryzm międzynarodowy jako problem globalny współczesnej gospodarki
Title	INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM AS A GLOBAL PROBLEM OF CONTEMPORARY ECONOMY
Słowa kluczowe	terroryzm międzynarodowy, problemy globalne, ataki terrorystyczne, agroterroryzm, Polska
Key words	international terrorism, global problems, terrorist attack, agroterrorism, Poland
Abstrakt	Celem badań było przedstawienie zjawiska terroryzmu międzynarodowego we współczesnej gospodarce światowej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem agroterroryzmu. Analiza dotyczyła lat 2006–2016. W badaniach podjęto próbę zdefiniowania pojęcia terroryzmu, przedstawiono miejsca zamachów, skalę ataków terrorystycznych, liczbę ofiar oraz koszty ekonomiczne poniesione po atakach terrorystycznych. Przybliżono zagadnienia bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego, w tym bezpieczeństwa ekonomicznego. Dokonano odniesienia do sytuacji Polski na arenie międzynarodowej w kontekście terroryzmu i agroterroryzmu oraz przedstawiono analizę zagrożeń skierowanych przeciw Polsce.
Abstract	The research aim was to present the phenomenon of international terrorism in the world economy, with particular emphasis on agroterrorism. The analysis covers the period from 2006 to 2016. The research attempts to define the concept of terrorism as well as it presents sites and scale of terrorist attacks, the number of their victims and the economic costs incurred as a result of terrorist attacks. The paper also discusses the issue of international security, including economic security. The reference was to the situation of Poland on the international arena in the context of terrorism and agroterrorism with an analysis of threats that they pose to the country.
Cytowanie	Kacperska E. (2017) Terroryzm międzynarodowy jako problem globalny współczesnej gospodarki.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 120: 17-31
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2017_n120_s17.pdf

Autor	Stanisław Kowalczyk
Tytuł	Wolny rynek a bezpieczeństwo żywności w epoce globalizacji
Title	FREE MARKET AND THE FOOD SAFETY IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA
Słowa kluczowe	bezpieczeństwo żywności, interwencjonizm, fałszowanie żywności, prawo żywnościowe, kontrole żywności, krótkie łańcuchy dostaw, ruchy konsumenckie
Key words	food safety, interventionism, food adulteration, food law, food controls, short supply chains, consumer movements
Abstrakt	Podjęto próbę identyfikacji potencjalnych zagrożeń bezpieczeństwa żywności wynikających z procesu globalizacji oraz bezpośrednio związanej z nią skrajnej liberalizacji stosunków gospodarczych na poziomie międzynarodowym oraz wskazanie niezbędnych działań zaradczych w zakresie ochrony statusu bezpieczeństwa żywności. Analizie poddano współczesny status bezpieczeństwa żywności oraz skalę występujących fałszerstw żywnościowych na świecie. Do działań zaradczych zaliczono ustanowienie globalnego prawa żywnościowego, podejmowanie inicjatyw kontrolnych żywności na szczeblu ponadkrajowym, promocję krótkich łańcuchów dostaw, wreszcie edukację konsumentów i wzmocnienie ruchów konsumenckich.
Abstract	The study attempts to identify potential threats to food safety resulting from the globalization process and the directly related extreme liberalization of economic relations at the international level as well as indication of the necessary remedial actions in the field of food safety protection. The analysis covered the contemporary status of food safety and the scale of occurring food fraud in the world. The remedial actions include the establishment of a global food law, undertaking food control initiatives at the supranational level, the promotion of short supply chains, and finally the consumer education and strengthening of consumer movements.
Cytowanie	Kowalczyk S. (2017) Wolny rynek a bezpieczeństwo żywności w epoce globalizacji.Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 104, z. 4: 15-27
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2017_n4_s15.pdf

Autor	Łukasz Zaremba
Tytuł	Vegetables Price Volatility in Poland – Onion and Carrot Case
Title
Słowa kluczowe	price volatility, seasonal fluctuations, standard deviation, producer export price, onion, carrot
Key words
Abstrakt	There are the producers who takes the weakest position on the agricultural market. Their activity is especially exposed to the risk factors. Price volatility which stays behind the price risk is one of the most important threats for producers’ incomes. Economic stability is a base for investment and development. That is why the price volatility is worth to having a look at. There are two species examined in this paper: onion and carrot. Both have a significant share in Polish vegetable production. Onion crops are mostly exported but carrot is being sold on the domestic market. Apart from the sales market there was no significant difference in analyzed period between farm-gate price volatility for both species. The measured volatility was getting lower in consecutive years of analyzed period; only in years of unfavorable weather conditions there were some growth. The analyze was conducted with usage of descriptive statistic on the logarithmic rates of return.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Zaremba Ł. (2017) Vegetables Price Volatility in Poland – Onion and Carrot Case.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 4: 339-345
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n4_s339.pdf

Autor	Andrzej Buszko
Tytuł	The threats of the shadow economy for public finance in Poland
Title
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	shadow economy, taxation gap, public finance, threats
Abstrakt
Abstract	The article is devoted to the treats of the shadow economy for public finance. The close attention was paid to the taxation gap and factors fostering shadow economy. The Pearson coefficient index was used in order to identify the strength of the correlation among chosen variables influencing the taxation gap. Based upon the results it should be stated that factors fostering taxation gap ought to be reduced and more complex action towards reduction of the shadow economy is required to be taken
Cytowanie	Buszko A. (2017) The threats of the shadow economy for public finance in Poland.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 18(67): 22-29
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2017_n67_s22.pdf

Autor	Oleh Ożarowski
Tytuł	Advantages and threats of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP)
Title	Advantages and threats of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP)
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), non-tariff trade barriers,export, import
Abstrakt
Abstract	The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) is a major trade pact created to further integration of the EU and US economies. In today’s low-tariff reality, the agreement concentrates on eliminating nontariff trade barriers between the states, such as the differing standards in the European union and in the United States for given consumer goods and services. Unfortunately, a number of barriers threaten ratification. The agreement remains far from implementation and it is hard to measure how the two sides would benefit from it equally.
Cytowanie	Ożarowski O.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2017_n1_s81.pdf

Autor	Jolanta Żukowska
Tytuł	Integral human development
Title	Integral human development
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	ecology, international organizations, integral development
Abstrakt
Abstract	The concepts of sustainable development and corporate social responsibility are intended to humanize activity. However, are the existing concepts sufficient for them to fully realize their place in the world and its ecosystems, and to fulfill these roles? Is it necessary to seek a new concept of human organizational development, one which would strengthen the roles of creator, innovator and coordinator with total respect for the laws of nature? The author points to the contemporary threats and the need to search for new ideas and a more sensitive interaction with the environment, organizations, society and nature. This is necessary not only in meeting the goals of sustainable development, but also for development that is renewable, energy-efficient, closed loop, coordinated with nature and respecting its laws – and even using them. International organizations should not only prevent violence and preserve human rights, but also support the integrated development of individuals, communities and societies. They would thus help prevent stratification while increasing awareness and stimulating creativity. Integral development covers everything and everyone, is complete and respects the constant changes occurring in dynamic space. The concept of integral development seems now closer to modern humanity. Integrity means the interplay and interaction between all the elements of a set (organizations, communities, businesses, workers, the environment, nature) and the common good. This is not merely an idea but an actual necessity. Integral development is human development, and its organization is compatible with nature. This means being aware of coexistence and need to improve. In the absence of one or the other of these, it would not be possible to speak of integral development.
Cytowanie	Żukowska J.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2017_n2_s137.pdf

Autor	Wojciech Wychowaniec
Tytuł	Age management as an opportunity to manage employees effectively in the light of demographic changes
Title
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	age management, older workers, labour market
Abstrakt
Abstract	The goal of this article is to analyse the main threats and benefits that accompany the implementation of age management policy, a method that enables workers aged 45+ to be highly effective. The article presents a demographic prognosis on the changing structure of human capital in the labour market, which determines the growing importance of age management in enterprises. The text contains an analysis of the key threats arising from a lack of employer action on age management, and the benefits that may be gained from age management policy. The article also examined the inevitability of changes, which will appear in the age structure of Polish people in the labour market and in companies. These particular changes will determinate plenty of consequences, mostly for employers, because the new personnel will require a slightly different management approach. My intention is to adapt the work to the requirements of the scientific community, as well as to the needs of labour market experts and business practitioners. This is why the paradigm of radical humanism was chosen for the article.
Cytowanie	Wychowaniec W.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2016_n1_s145.pdf