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Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, 2021 |
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Hussayn J., Obi-Egbedi O., Oluwatayo I. Trade Liberalization Policy and Competitiveness of Cocoa Beans Exports in Nigeria (1961-2017)
Autor | Jamiu Hussayn, Ogheneruemu Obi-Egbedi, Isaac Oluwatayo |
Tytuł | Trade Liberalization Policy and Competitiveness of Cocoa Beans Exports in Nigeria (1961-2017) |
Title | Trade Liberalization Policy and Competitiveness of Cocoa Beans Exports in Nigeria (1961-2017) |
Słowa kluczowe | cocoa, competitiveness, market share, trade liberalization policy and vector error correction model |
Key words | cocoa, competitiveness, market share, trade liberalization policy and vector error correction model |
Abstrakt | The cocoa sector in Nigeria has experienced decline in production, yield, exports coupled with its inability to attain global standards and targets and, gradual loss of competitiveness at the world market. Trade liberalization was government’s panacea to the sector’s problem although, cocoa competitiveness remains an issue since liberalization. Therefore, the relationship between trade liberalization policy and competitiveness of Nigeria’s cocoa exports was examined in this study using data for the period 1961-2017. Cocoa market share was used to measure competitiveness while analytical tools employed were: ADF test, Johansen co-integration test and the vector error correction model (VECM). Market share, quantity of cocoa export and inflation rate were stationary at original level while others, at first difference. The co-integration test showed seven co-integrating equations. Trade liberalization policy was found to be an important driver of competitiveness. In addition, area harvested, production quantity and export quantity positively influenced competitiveness while world price of cocoa, interest rate on agricultural loans, exchange rate and trade liberalization influenced negatively. Therefore, appropriate trade policy formulation and implementation is recommended while, specific attention should be paid to monetary policies and cocoa production by the government. |
Abstract | The cocoa sector in Nigeria has experienced decline in production, yield, exports coupled with its inability to attain global standards and targets and, gradual loss of competitiveness at the world market. Trade liberalization was government’s panacea to the sector’s problem although, cocoa competitiveness remains an issue since liberalization. Therefore, the relationship between trade liberalization policy and competitiveness of Nigeria’s cocoa exports was examined in this study using data for the period 1961-2017. Cocoa market share was used to measure competitiveness while analytical tools employed were: ADF test, Johansen co-integration test and the vector error correction model (VECM). Market share, quantity of cocoa export and inflation rate were stationary at original level while others, at first difference. The co-integration test showed seven co-integrating equations. Trade liberalization policy was found to be an important driver of competitiveness. In addition, area harvested, production quantity and export quantity positively influenced competitiveness while world price of cocoa, interest rate on agricultural loans, exchange rate and trade liberalization influenced negatively. Therefore, appropriate trade policy formulation and implementation is recommended while, specific attention should be paid to monetary policies and cocoa production by the government. |
Cytowanie | Hussayn J., Obi-Egbedi O., Oluwatayo I. (2021) Trade Liberalization Policy and Competitiveness of Cocoa Beans Exports in Nigeria (1961-2017).Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 1: 4-15 |
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Pełny tekst | PRS_2021_T21(36)_n1_s4.pdf |
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Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, 2018 |
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Kłosowicz-Toborek K. Istota protekcjonizmu w dziewiętnastym wieku oraz współcześnie
Autor | Katarzyna Kłosowicz-Toborek |
Tytuł | Istota protekcjonizmu w dziewiętnastym wieku oraz współcześnie |
Title | The Essence of Protectionism in the Nineteenth Century and Nowadays |
Słowa kluczowe | protekcjonizm, niemiecka szkoła historyczna, neoprotekcjonizm, polityka handlowa |
Key words | protectionism, German historical school of economy, neoprotectionism, trade policy |
Abstrakt | Pomimo działalności WTO idea protekcjonizmu jest wciąż aktualna. Większość państw oficjalnie opowiada się za liberalizmem, a przy tym ogranicza wymianę handlową. Działalność ta ulega nasileniu w okresach stagnacji gospodarczej oraz w związku z różnicami rozwojowymi między uczestnikami rynku światowego. To właśnie zacofanie gospodarcze XIX-wiecznych Niemiec wpłynęło na stworzenie wielu oryginalnych myśli, a wśród nich tych, które odnosiły się do sposobu prowadzenia handlu zagranicznego. Warto zatem zbadać i porównać neoprotekcjonizm z protekcjonizmem prezentowanym przez XIX-wiecznych ekonomistów. Analiza współczesnego i XIX-wiecznego protekcjonizmu wskazuje, że istota tych pojęć nie różni się bowiem neoprotekcjonizm i jego XIX wieczny odpowiednik realizują te same cele, aczkolwiek przy wykorzystaniu innych środków. |
Abstract | Despite the buoyant activity of the WTO, the idea of protectionism is still valid. Most countries officially support liberalism while limiting trade. This activity is intensified during periods of economic stagnation and in relation to the developmental differences among the participants in the world market. The economic backwardness of nineteenth-century Germany influenced the development of many original ideas, including those related to foreign trade. Therefore, it is worth examining and comparing neoprotectionism to the protectionism presented by nineteenth-century economists. The analysis of contemporary and nineteenth century protectionism indicates that the essence of these concepts does not differ, because neoprotectionism and its nineteenth-century equivalent fulfill the same aims, but using different measures. |
Cytowanie | Kłosowicz-Toborek K. (2018) Istota protekcjonizmu w dziewiętnastym wieku oraz współcześnie.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 1: 88-99 |
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Pełny tekst | PRS_2018_T18(33)_n1_s88.pdf |
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3. |
Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, 2014 |
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Stefaniak M., Szymańska E. Znaczenie ruchu przygranicznego w rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczym gmin wschodniej Polski
Autor | Magdalena Stefaniak, Elżbieta Szymańska |
Tytuł | Znaczenie ruchu przygranicznego w rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczym gmin wschodniej Polski |
Title | The importance of cross-border traffic in the socio-economic development of the eastern Polish communes |
Słowa kluczowe | |
Key words | |
Abstrakt | The aim of this research was to recognize the importance of cross-border movement for the development of communes located along the eastern border. The research was carried out in two communes: Terespol and Piszczac. The analysis showed that the communes are rural and they are characterized by a low degree of entrepreneurship. High unemployment contributes to the migration of people to urban centres or abroad. Border traffic is an important element of economic life in such regions. Entrepreneurs and traders use a passive trade policy in relation to consumers across the eastern border. Such policy raises concerns about the further cooperation. Socio-economic development of the communes requires institutional support for small businesses and improvement of professional skills of the unemployed. What is more, taking advantage of natural values to develop tourism and recreation offer and increasing trade and cooperation with companies from the East are equally significant. |
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Cytowanie | Stefaniak M., Szymańska E. (2014) Znaczenie ruchu przygranicznego w rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczym gmin wschodniej Polski.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 105: 45-56 |
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Pełny tekst | EIOGZ_2014_n105_s45.pdf |
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Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, 2011 |
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Pawlak K. The evolution of the agricultural protectionism and its measures
Autor | Karolina Pawlak |
Tytuł | The evolution of the agricultural protectionism and its measures |
Title | The evolution of the agricultural protectionism and its measures |
Słowa kluczowe | brak |
Key words | protectionism, agricultural trade, tariff barriers, non-tariff barriers |
Abstrakt | brak |
Abstract | The aim of the article was to present the premises and evolution of protectionism in agricultural trade and to show the changes in significance of tariff and non-tariff barriers of intervention for the trade in agricultural products. The abolition of customs duties entails an increase in the number and the role of non-tariff barriers in trade policy applied by individual countries. The factors determining the degree of intensity in the use of protective instruments include the level of GDP per capita. In the agri-food sector, an intensified protectionism can be observed along with an increased degree of economic development. In spite of the fact that richer countries declare their support for free trade, they take intense actions to protect their domestic production from the competitive imports and are unwilling to abandon this policy, which can be observed e.g. in prolonged negotiations on further liberalisation of world agricultural trade in the WTO forum. |
Cytowanie | Pawlak K. (2011) .Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 11(26), z. 3: 78-87 |
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Pełny tekst | PRS_2011_T11(26)_n3_s78.pdf |
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Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, 2009 |
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Kacperska E., Tymieniecka K. Stosunki handlowe Polski z Ukrainą w latach 2000-2008 ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem handlu artykułami rolno-spożywczymi
Autor | Elżbieta Kacperska, Katarzyna Tymieniecka |
Tytuł | Stosunki handlowe Polski z Ukrainą w latach 2000-2008 ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem handlu artykułami rolno-spożywczymi |
Title | Polish trade relations with Ukraine in 2000-2008 with particular emphasis on trade in agri-food products |
Słowa kluczowe | stosunki handlowe, produkty rolno-spżywcze, handel polsko-ukraiński, Unia Europejska |
Key words | trade relations, agri-food products, Polish-Ukrainian trade, European Union |
Abstrakt | Przystąpienie Polski do Unii Europejskiej spowodowało, iż polska granica wschodnia stała się zewnętrzną granicę Wspólnoty. Polska handlowa polityka wschodnia przed integrację z UE była znacznie mniej restrykcyjna niż unijna. Przeanalizowane w opracowaniu obroty handlowe z Ukrainą wskazują na jej umacniającą się pozycję jako partnera Polski. Dodatnie saldo obrotów handlowych ogółem i artykułami rolno-spożywczymi wskazuje na możliwości eksportowe polskich produktów, zaś dominująca pozycja produktów przetworzonych w eksporcie i surowców w imporcie wskazuje na pozytywne, z polskiej perspektywy, efekty współpracy handlowej. |
Abstract | Polish accession to the European Union meant that Polish eastern frontier had become the Communitys external border. Polands eastern trade policy before the incorporation was much less restrictive than that of the EU. The analyzed development of trade turnover with Ukraine suggests its strengthening position as a Polish partner. Positive trade balance for Poland both in total and in agrifood products indicates the export possibilities for Polish products. The dominant position of processed products in the exports and of raw materials in imports indicates a positive, from Polish perspective, impact of trade cooperation. |
Cytowanie | Kacperska E., Tymieniecka K. (2009) Stosunki handlowe Polski z Ukrainą w latach 2000-2008 ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem handlu artykułami rolno-spożywczymi.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 9(24), z. : 46-57 |
HTML | wersja html |
Pełny tekst | PRS_2009_T9(24)_n_s46.pdf |
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