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Autor	Ogheneruemu Obi-Egbedi, Omowunmi Ogungbite, Isaac Oluwatayo
Tytuł	Genetically Modified Crops’ Technology and its Awareness among Smallholder Farmers in Nigeria
Title	Genetically Modified Crops’ Technology and its Awareness among Smallholder Farmers in Nigeria
Słowa kluczowe	GMOs, smallholder farmers, awareness for GM crops, Credible seed sources, Agricultural technology
Key words	GMOs, smallholder farmers, awareness for GM crops, Credible seed sources, Agricultural technology
Abstrakt	Genetically Modified (GM) crops are crops modified through genetic engineering to improve their quality. Although safety concerns about genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are still being debated, the food security benefits have led to adoption by many counties. In Nigeria, where most farmers are uneducated and likely unaware of the agricultural technology, the government approved its first biotechnology crop for commercialization in 2018. Level of farmers’ awareness is crucial to acceptance of GM crops, although; this has not been fully explored in the literature. Therefore, this study aimed to assess farmers’ awareness for GM crops and the factors that determine their awareness in Oyo state, Nigeria, using primary data collected in 2018 with the aid of well-structured questionnaires from 242 smallholder farmers. Principal component analysis and Tobit regression model were used for data analysis. Results showed that farmers were aged 43 years with farm size of 3.57 ha, farming experience of 14 years and 11 years of education. Most farmers were male (71.90%), married (67.36%), not members of farmer groups (64.46%) and sourced their seeds from non-credible sources (85.12%). Most farmers (52.07%) had either not heard of or did not know of any benefits/costs of GM crops, hence; were not aware of GM crops. Factors that influenced awareness of GM crops were being a male farmer, years of education and source of seeds. The study concluded that increasing years of education and ensuring use of credible seed sources will increase awareness of the costs and benefits of GM crops among farmers.
Abstract	Genetically Modified (GM) crops are crops modified through genetic engineering to improve their quality. Although safety concerns about genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are still being debated, the food security benefits have led to adoption by many counties. In Nigeria, where most farmers are uneducated and likely unaware of the agricultural technology, the government approved its first biotechnology crop for commercialization in 2018. Level of farmers’ awareness is crucial to acceptance of GM crops, although; this has not been fully explored in the literature. Therefore, this study aimed to assess farmers’ awareness for GM crops and the factors that determine their awareness in Oyo state, Nigeria, using primary data collected in 2018 with the aid of well-structured questionnaires from 242 smallholder farmers. Principal component analysis and Tobit regression model were used for data analysis. Results showed that farmers were aged 43 years with farm size of 3.57 ha, farming experience of 14 years and 11 years of education. Most farmers were male (71.90%), married (67.36%), not members of farmer groups (64.46%) and sourced their seeds from non-credible sources (85.12%). Most farmers (52.07%) had either not heard of or did not know of any benefits/costs of GM crops, hence; were not aware of GM crops. Factors that influenced awareness of GM crops were being a male farmer, years of education and source of seeds. The study concluded that increasing years of education and ensuring use of credible seed sources will increase awareness of the costs and benefits of GM crops among farmers.
Cytowanie	Obi-Egbedi O., Ogungbite O., Oluwatayo I. (2020) Genetically Modified Crops’ Technology and its Awareness among Smallholder Farmers in Nigeria.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 20(35), z. 4: 58-67
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2020_T20(35)_n4_s58.pdf

Autor	Wiesława Cieślewicz, Krzysztof Wiktorowski
Tytuł	Wpływ procesów koncentracji ziemi i intensyfikacji upraw w rolnictwie konwencjonalnym na stan środowiska naturalnego w regionie zachodniopomorskim
Title	Effect of land ownership concentration and processes of cultivation intensification in conventional agriculture on the state of natural environment in the West Pomeranian region
Słowa kluczowe	koncentracja własności ziemi, globalizacja, ekologia, intensyfikacja produkcji, region zachodniopomorski, środowisko naturalne
Key words	concentration of land ownership, globalization, ecology, intensification of production, West Pomeranian region, environment
Abstrakt	Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie problematyki procesów koncentracji ziemi i intensyfikacji upraw w rolnictwie konwencjonalnym na stan środowiska naturalnego w regionie zachodniopomorskim. Wynikiem pracy badawczej jest ukazanie, że nasilający się w ostatnich latach w regionie zachodniopomorskim proces koncentracji ziemi uprawnej, polegający na powstawaniu średnich i dużych gospodarstw rolnych przejmujących ziemię po byłych PGR-ach lub gospodarstwach indywidualnych wycofujących się z produkcji rolniczej, jest konsekwencją procesów koncentracji własności ziemi mających wymiar globalny. Procesy te wystąpiły już wcześniej w krajach rozwiniętych Europy Zachodniej i na świecie. Wraz z procesami własności koncentracji ziemi następują jednocześnie procesy intensyfikacji produkcji rolniczej, charakteryzujące się coraz większym zużyciem środków ochrony roślin w uprawie zbóż, środków farmakologicznych w hodowli zwierząt oraz coraz większym udziałem organizmów genetycznie modyfikowanych w innych uprawach np. warzywniczych. Powiększanie areałów monokulturowych upraw: rzepaku i zbóż, brak stosowania płodozmianów, zaorywanie miedz, likwidacja zadrzewień śródpolnych czy nadmierna melioracja negatywnie wpływają na zachowanie bioróżnorodności biologicznej oraz na stan środowiska naturalnego w regionie zachodniopomorskim
Abstract	Aim of this paper is to present the processes of land ownership concentration and intensification of cultivation in conventional agriculture on the environment in the West Pomeranian region. The result of research work is to show that the land ownership concentration process, escalating in recent years in the West Pomeranian region and involving the formation of larger farms acquiring land from the former state farms or farms which withdraw from the agricultural production is a consequence of these processes of a global dimension. These processes have already occurred in the developed countries of Western Europe and the remaining world. Along with the processes of land concentration occur simultaneously the processes of intensification in agricultural production, with increased consumption of plant protection products in cereals growing, pharmaceuticals in animal husbandry and with increasing participation of GMOs in other crops such as vegetables. Zooming areas of monoculture, like oilseed rape and cereals, lack of crop rotation, plowing in balks between fields, liquidation or mid-field tree belts and excessive drainage adversely affect the state of biological biodiversity and the environment in the West Pomeranian region
Cytowanie	Cieślewicz W., Wiktorowski K. (2011) Wpływ procesów koncentracji ziemi i intensyfikacji upraw w rolnictwie konwencjonalnym na stan środowiska naturalnego w regionie zachodniopomorskim.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 11(26), z. 2: 138-145
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2011_T11(26)_n2_s138.pdf

Autor	Matthias Heyder, Ludwig Theuvsen
Tytuł	Corporate Social Responsibility in the agri-food sector: the case of GMOs
Title	Corporate Social Responsibility in the agri-food sector: the case of GMOs
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	corporate social responsibility, GMOs, agri-food sector
Abstrakt
Abstract	Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are handled differently in different countries. Whereas global acreage of GMOs jumped to 134 million hectares in 2009 [Cultivation... 2010], in many European countries opposition to GMOs is still strong, and their acreage is very small. This situation poses a difficult situation for many companies and their corporate social responsibility [CSR] strategies. Against this background, we conducted an online survey of 170 agribusiness firms in order to shed some light on how companies handle the conflict between, on the one hand, the growing use of GMOs worldwide and, on the other, the rejection of GMOs by European consumers. The empirical results show that many agribusiness firms perceive the use of GMOs as a highly relevant management issue that shapes their CSR strategies. All in all, agribusiness firms apply a wide spectrum of CSR activities, furthermore, CSR is considered a top management responsibility. GMOs are of aboveaverage relevance in firms that have been criticized for their attitudes towards and use of GMOs. The empirical results have interesting implications for the management of CSR and legitimacy in the agribusiness sector
Cytowanie	Heyder M., Theuvsen L. (2010) .Scientific Journal Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW - Problems of World Agriculture, t. 10(25), z. 3: 15-32
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2010_T10(25)_n3_s15.pdf