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Autor	Oladimeji Oladele, Danlami Yakubu
Tytuł	Determinants of Use of Climate Change Adaptation Practices by Rice Farmers in Kebbi State, North-West Nigeria
Title	Determinants of Use of Climate Change Adaptation Practices by Rice Farmers in Kebbi State, North-West Nigeria
Słowa kluczowe	climate change, smallholder farmers, Nigeria, climate adaptation, adoption, livelihoods
Key words	climate change, smallholder farmers, Nigeria, climate adaptation, adoption, livelihoods
Abstrakt	Rice productivity and sustainability are threatened by both biotic and abiotic stresses, the effects of which can be further aggravated by dramatic changes in global climate. The most viable option for rice farmers is to use climate change adaptation practices. This study therefore investigated the determinants of use of climate change adaptation practices among rice farmers in Kebbi State, North-West, Nigeria. Data were collected from a sample of 279 farmers selected using a multistage sampling procedure. The results of the data analysis revealed that the farmers used improved rice varieties, intercropping, recommended rates of fertilizers and other chemicals as climate change adaptation practices among others. Education, climate change awareness, and extension contact significantly influenced the use of climate change adaptation practices among the farmers. Other determinants of use of climate change adaptation practices among the farmers were years of cooperative membership, affordability, farming experience, weather information and farm size. It was concluded that use of climate change adaptation practices was determined by socioeconomic, institutional and technological characteristics. It is recommended among others that government policy should be geared towards encouraging the farmers especially the younger ones to acquire more formal education, larger farmlands and more climate change awareness.
Abstract	Rice productivity and sustainability are threatened by both biotic and abiotic stresses, the effects of which can be further aggravated by dramatic changes in global climate. The most viable option for rice farmers is to use climate change adaptation practices. This study therefore investigated the determinants of use of climate change adaptation practices among rice farmers in Kebbi State, North-West, Nigeria. Data were collected from a sample of 279 farmers selected using a multistage sampling procedure. The results of the data analysis revealed that the farmers used improved rice varieties, intercropping, recommended rates of fertilizers and other chemicals as climate change adaptation practices among others. Education, climate change awareness, and extension contact significantly influenced the use of climate change adaptation practices among the farmers. Other determinants of use of climate change adaptation practices among the farmers were years of cooperative membership, affordability, farming experience, weather information and farm size. It was concluded that use of climate change adaptation practices was determined by socioeconomic, institutional and technological characteristics. It is recommended among others that government policy should be geared towards encouraging the farmers especially the younger ones to acquire more formal education, larger farmlands and more climate change awareness.
Cytowanie	Oladele O., Yakubu D. (2021) Determinants of Use of Climate Change Adaptation Practices by Rice Farmers in Kebbi State, North-West Nigeria.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 1: 52-69
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2021_T21(36)_n1_s52.pdf

Autor	Solomon Adesoji, Banji Adisa, Abiodun Agboola, Adedayo Ajayi, Dorcas Alabi, Julius Ayinde, Olanike Deji, Olajide Filusi, Toyin Ojo, Oladimeji Oladele, Aanuoluwapo Opayinka
Tytuł	Participatory Development of Demand-Driven Curriculum for Career-Ready E-Extension Services in Nigeria
Title	Participatory Development of Demand-Driven Curriculum for Career-Ready E-Extension Services in Nigeria
Słowa kluczowe	participatory curriculum, career- ready, e- extension services, stakeholders, Nigeria
Key words	participatory curriculum, career- ready, e- extension services, stakeholders, Nigeria
Abstrakt	This paper described and contextualized participatory development of demand-driven curriculum for career-ready e-extension services in Nigeria as introduced by the Sasakawa Africa Fund for Extension Education. The stages of participatory development were participatory need assessment, participatory stakeholders’ workshop and validation among 124 stakeholders selected as key informants in relation to agricultural extension training, delivery, end users and policy makers. The stakeholders were grouped as follows: community leaders and policy makers; extension agencies / organisations / institutions / employers; farmers; input suppliers / marketers / agro-based traders / other value actors; and potential candidate groups. Stakeholder meetings were held separately with different groups three times, and then a combined meeting took place. The aggregated major decisions/consensus were subjected to content analysis using ATLAS.ti. The validation process included reading of each agreed decision to all participants, then participants indicated their agreement or otherwise, which led to either rejection or acceptance of the decision. This paper concludes that participatory curriculum development has enhanced the stakeholders to identify areas of demand-driven training in response to community needs. The stakeholders preferred more online than face-to-face training. The major perceived advantages of e-extension were reduced risk, time and cost effectiveness while infrastructural and human challenges were the perceived challenges that could possibly hinder the smooth running of e extension.
Abstract	This paper described and contextualized participatory development of demand-driven curriculum for career-ready e-extension services in Nigeria as introduced by the Sasakawa Africa Fund for Extension Education. The stages of participatory development were participatory need assessment, participatory stakeholders’ workshop and validation among 124 stakeholders selected as key informants in relation to agricultural extension training, delivery, end users and policy makers. The stakeholders were grouped as follows: community leaders and policy makers; extension agencies / organisations / institutions / employers; farmers; input suppliers / marketers / agro-based traders / other value actors; and potential candidate groups. Stakeholder meetings were held separately with different groups three times, and then a combined meeting took place. The aggregated major decisions/consensus were subjected to content analysis using ATLAS.ti. The validation process included reading of each agreed decision to all participants, then participants indicated their agreement or otherwise, which led to either rejection or acceptance of the decision. This paper concludes that participatory curriculum development has enhanced the stakeholders to identify areas of demand-driven training in response to community needs. The stakeholders preferred more online than face-to-face training. The major perceived advantages of e-extension were reduced risk, time and cost effectiveness while infrastructural and human challenges were the perceived challenges that could possibly hinder the smooth running of e extension.
Cytowanie	Adesoji S., Adisa B., Agboola A., Ajayi A., Alabi D., Ayinde J., Deji O., Filusi O., Ojo T., Oladele O., Opayinka A. (2021) Participatory Development of Demand-Driven Curriculum for Career-Ready E-Extension Services in Nigeria.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 3: 14-23
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2021_T21(36)_n3_s14.pdf

Autor	S.H. Pushpa Malkanthi, S.D. Dilini Rathnachandra
Tytuł	Female Farmers’ Agricultural Information Needs and Food Production: A Case Study of Imbulpe ds Division in Sri Lanka
Title	Female Farmers’ Agricultural Information Needs and Food Production: A Case Study of Imbulpe ds Division in Sri Lanka
Słowa kluczowe	agricultural information, Imbulpe, information needs, Sri Lanka, women farmers
Key words	agricultural information, Imbulpe, information needs, Sri Lanka, women farmers
Abstrakt	The study was conducted to find out female farmers’ agricultural information needs and their impact on food production, in the Imbulpe DS Division in Sri Lanka. Of the female farmers in the area, 238 were taken as the sample for the study from seven selected Grama Niladhari (GN) divisions in the area. Female farmers were selected by using a simple random sampling method from these purposively selected GN divisions. A pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaire survey was used as the primary data collection method from March to July 2019. Data analysis was done by using descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis. The result revealed that the majority (62.6%) of respondents were middle aged (40-59 years), married, and belonged to families with 4-5 members. Most respondents (64.3 %) had studied up to junior secondary education level. Their average farm land size is 0.84 acres and they have farming experience of about 15 years. Most of the respondents mentioned that they had obtained higher levels of information needs about improved crop varieties. In addition, female farmers reported that they moderately need information on application of agrochemicals, improved market systems and modern farming technologies. Extension agents and other female farmers act as their major sources of agricultural information and ICT equipment acts as the least important agricultural information source in this area. Moreover, there is a significant positive association between the agricultural information needs and food production. Therefore, providing necessary agricultural information and enhanced utilization of ICT tools for agricultural information sources, and encouraging female farmers to participate in farming societies will lead to enhanced food production in this area.
Abstract	The study was conducted to find out female farmers’ agricultural information needs and their impact on food production, in the Imbulpe DS Division in Sri Lanka. Of the female farmers in the area, 238 were taken as the sample for the study from seven selected Grama Niladhari (GN) divisions in the area. Female farmers were selected by using a simple random sampling method from these purposively selected GN divisions. A pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaire survey was used as the primary data collection method from March to July 2019. Data analysis was done by using descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis. The result revealed that the majority (62.6%) of respondents were middle aged (40-59 years), married, and belonged to families with 4-5 members. Most respondents (64.3 %) had studied up to junior secondary education level. Their average farm land size is 0.84 acres and they have farming experience of about 15 years. Most of the respondents mentioned that they had obtained higher levels of information needs about improved crop varieties. In addition, female farmers reported that they moderately need information on application of agrochemicals, improved market systems and modern farming technologies. Extension agents and other female farmers act as their major sources of agricultural information and ICT equipment acts as the least important agricultural information source in this area. Moreover, there is a significant positive association between the agricultural information needs and food production. Therefore, providing necessary agricultural information and enhanced utilization of ICT tools for agricultural information sources, and encouraging female farmers to participate in farming societies will lead to enhanced food production in this area.
Cytowanie	Malkanthi S., Rathnachandra S. (2021) Female Farmers’ Agricultural Information Needs and Food Production: A Case Study of Imbulpe ds Division in Sri Lanka.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 2: 22-32
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2021_T21(36)_n2_s22.pdf

Autor	S.H. Pushpa Malkanthi
Tytuł	Outlook of Present Organic Agriculture Policies and Future Needs in Sri Lanka
Title	Outlook of Present Organic Agriculture Policies and Future Needs in Sri Lanka
Słowa kluczowe	conventional agriculture, organic agriculture, organic farming policies, Sri Lanka
Key words	conventional agriculture, organic agriculture, organic farming policies, Sri Lanka
Abstrakt	Many countries are formulating organic agriculture or organic farming policies aimed at sustainable agricultural development. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: to understand the present situation of organic agriculture policies in Sri Lanka and also in other countries where successful organic agriculture is operating; identify problems in the organic agriculture sector; and suggest potential policy measures to be implemented in Sri Lanka in future. The research was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, a thorough literature review was conducted to study the suitable policies available in other countries and also in Sri Lanka at present. In the second stage, two field surveys were carried out using pre-tested questionnaires, from December 2019 to May 2020, in order to gather farmers’ and extension officers’ information related to organic farming policy suggestions. According to the findings of the literature review, organic systems in some countries are more integrated with national strategic plans and visions. Those governments are more involved in new initiatives and farmers are encouraged to go organic through reliable and feasible policies. Although Sri Lanka has a high potential for organic agriculture, at present it is at an initial stage. While most organic products in Sri Lanka go to the export market, a small portion is kept at local markets. Demand for organic products in export as well as domestic markets is increasing. Even though there are seven international food certification agencies operating in the country as external inspection and certification bodies, a limited number of accredited certifications exist for products on the domestic market. Results of the farmers’ survey showed that even if farmers have a significant level of knowledge, few of them practice organic farming due to several existing problems. Moreover, extension officers have also identified similar types of problems that are faced by the farmers related to organic farming. Evaluation of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) related to organic agriculture in the country helped to identify key problems facing policy-makers when balancing the supply and demand sides of organic products. Also, in developing organic agriculture, an effective linkage and coordination among government and private participants is crucial. Therefore, in Sri Lanka in this context, strategic focus on policy support for organic agriculture is needed. Current organic farming programs need to be revised in order to formulate policies covering all areas related to production, handling, processing, certification, labeling and marketing, in order to bring the benefits of organic agriculture to farmers, marketers and consumers in a fair manner.
Abstract	Many countries are formulating organic agriculture or organic farming policies aimed at sustainable agricultural development. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: to understand the present situation of organic agriculture policies in Sri Lanka and also in other countries where successful organic agriculture is operating; identify problems in the organic agriculture sector; and suggest potential policy measures to be implemented in Sri Lanka in future. The research was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, a thorough literature review was conducted to study the suitable policies available in other countries and also in Sri Lanka at present. In the second stage, two field surveys were carried out using pre-tested questionnaires, from December 2019 to May 2020, in order to gather farmers’ and extension officers’ information related to organic farming policy suggestions. According to the findings of the literature review, organic systems in some countries are more integrated with national strategic plans and visions. Those governments are more involved in new initiatives and farmers are encouraged to go organic through reliable and feasible policies. Although Sri Lanka has a high potential for organic agriculture, at present it is at an initial stage. While most organic products in Sri Lanka go to the export market, a small portion is kept at local markets. Demand for organic products in export as well as domestic markets is increasing. Even though there are seven international food certification agencies operating in the country as external inspection and certification bodies, a limited number of accredited certifications exist for products on the domestic market. Results of the farmers’ survey showed that even if farmers have a significant level of knowledge, few of them practice organic farming due to several existing problems. Moreover, extension officers have also identified similar types of problems that are faced by the farmers related to organic farming. Evaluation of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) related to organic agriculture in the country helped to identify key problems facing policy-makers when balancing the supply and demand sides of organic products. Also, in developing organic agriculture, an effective linkage and coordination among government and private participants is crucial. Therefore, in Sri Lanka in this context, strategic focus on policy support for organic agriculture is needed. Current organic farming programs need to be revised in order to formulate policies covering all areas related to production, handling, processing, certification, labeling and marketing, in order to bring the benefits of organic agriculture to farmers, marketers and consumers in a fair manner.
Cytowanie	Malkanthi S. (2021) Outlook of Present Organic Agriculture Policies and Future Needs in Sri Lanka.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 3: 55-72
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2021_T21(36)_n3_s55.pdf

Autor	Molla Alemayehu, Megersa Daksa, Nigussie Dechassa, Sisay Lemessa
Tytuł	Adoption Spells of Improved Potato Varieties by Smallholder Farmers in Eastern Ethiopia: The Duration Approach
Title	Adoption Spells of Improved Potato Varieties by Smallholder Farmers in Eastern Ethiopia: The Duration Approach
Słowa kluczowe	adoption spell, Weibull, static, potato varieties, Ethiopia
Key words	adoption spell, Weibull, static, potato varieties, Ethiopia
Abstrakt	Potato is mainly tagged as a food security crop in Ethiopia. However, its productivity remains low due to low adoption of improved technologies by smallholder farmers. Duration models, namely, Parametric (Weibull) and Non-parametric (Kaplan Meier) were used to analyze the data gathered from 365 sample farmers. The Non-parametric result revealed that the average duration that potato growers should wait before adopting a new variety is about 3.5 years. The Weibull regression indicated that timely availability of seed, access to labor and irrigation water, land size, and adaptation strategy by farmers are found to be factors curtailing the timeframe to adopt improved potato varieties. The regression analysis revealed that costs of inputs such as manure and compost, environmental and market factors such as drought, pest and disease outbreaks, price variability of potato seed, and quality of potato seed were found to be factors influencing adoption decisions of improved potato varieties by smallholder farmers.
Abstract	Potato is mainly tagged as a food security crop in Ethiopia. However, its productivity remains low due to low adoption of improved technologies by smallholder farmers. Duration models, namely, Parametric (Weibull) and Non-parametric (Kaplan Meier) were used to analyze the data gathered from 365 sample farmers. The Non-parametric result revealed that the average duration that potato growers should wait before adopting a new variety is about 3.5 years. The Weibull regression indicated that timely availability of seed, access to labor and irrigation water, land size, and adaptation strategy by farmers are found to be factors curtailing the timeframe to adopt improved potato varieties. The regression analysis revealed that costs of inputs such as manure and compost, environmental and market factors such as drought, pest and disease outbreaks, price variability of potato seed, and quality of potato seed were found to be factors influencing adoption decisions of improved potato varieties by smallholder farmers.
Cytowanie	Alemayehu M., Daksa M., Dechassa N., Lemessa S. (2019) Adoption Spells of Improved Potato Varieties by Smallholder Farmers in Eastern Ethiopia: The Duration Approach.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 2: 103-118
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n2_s103.pdf

Autor	Małgorzata Kołodziejczak
Tytuł	Koszt korzystania z usług w gospodarstwach rolnych specjalizujących się w uprawach polowych w krajach UE w latach 2004 i 2016
Title	The Cost of Services Use in Field Crops on Farms in the European Union Countries in 2004 and 2016
Słowa kluczowe	usługi rolnicze, uprawy polowe, Unia Europejska
Key words	agriculture services, field crops, European Union
Abstrakt	Usługi dla rolnictwa są odpowiedzią na zapotrzebowanie dotyczące technologicznego, ekonomicznego i środowiskowego wymiaru działalności rolniczej. W artykule skupiono się na usługach rolniczych, związanych z produkcją roślinną prowadzoną w formie upraw polowych. Celem badania było porównanie poziomu korzystania z usług rolniczych wykorzystywanych przez gospodarstwa specjalizujące się w uprawach polowych w państwach Unii Europejskiej w latach 2004 i 2016. Badanie przeprowadzono na podstawie danych FADN metodą dedukcyjną i porównawczą. Wykazano, że koszty zakupu usług rolniczych związane są przede wszystkim z poziomem rozwoju rolnictwa. Znaczenie ma także wyposażenie gospodarstw we własne maszyny i wielkość zasobów pracy zaangażowanych w produkcję. Zróżnicowanie sytuacji pomiędzy krajami wewnątrz agregatów UE-14 i UE-10 wskazuje jednak, że ważna jest również specyfika przyrodnicza i kulturowa rolnictwa w poszczególnych krajach.
Abstract	Agricultural services address the demand for the technological, economical and environmental dimension of agricultural activities. This paper focuses on agricultural services related to field crop production. The objective of the study was to compare the output of agricultural services used by farms specializing in field crops in European Union countries in 2004 and 2016. The study was based on a deductive and comparative method and relied on FADN data. It was shown that the purchasing costs of agricultural services tend to be connected with the level of agricultural development. Other factors of importance are the availability of the farms’ own machinery and the amount of labour engaged in production. However, the differences between EU-14 and EU-10 countries suggest that natural and cultural specificities of national agriculture also play a considerable role.
Cytowanie	Kołodziejczak M. (2018) Koszt korzystania z usług w gospodarstwach rolnych specjalizujących się w uprawach polowych w krajach UE w latach 2004 i 2016.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 2: 149-155
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n2_s149.pdf

Autor	Natalia Bezat, Sebastian Jarzębowski
Tytuł	Innovative Tools and Techniques as a Factor Supporting Small and Medium Enterprises in the Agri-Food Sector
Title	Innovative Tools and Techniques as a Factor Supporting Small and Medium Enterprises in the Agri-Food Sector
Słowa kluczowe	agri-food sector, innovations, quality management, mechatronics, packaging design
Key words	agri-food sector, innovations, quality management, mechatronics, packaging design
Abstrakt	The goal of the paper was to focus on the agri-food sector from a perspective of innovation. In the article, the current situation related to innovative tools and techniques identified in the agri-food sector was presented. The attention was focused on the benefits resulting from the application of innovative solutions in three areas: food safety, mechatronics, and packaging design. The empirical part of the paper includes a description and a summary of case studies on innovations implementations conducted within the framework of the Interreg I-CON project.
Abstract	The goal of the paper was to focus on the agri-food sector from a perspective of innovation. In the article, the current situation related to innovative tools and techniques identified in the agri-food sector was presented. The attention was focused on the benefits resulting from the application of innovative solutions in three areas: food safety, mechatronics, and packaging design. The empirical part of the paper includes a description and a summary of case studies on innovations implementations conducted within the framework of the Interreg I-CON project.
Cytowanie	Bezat N., Jarzębowski S. (2018) Innovative Tools and Techniques as a Factor Supporting Small and Medium Enterprises in the Agri-Food Sector.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 4: 192-198
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n4_s192.pdf

Autor	Adam Andrzejuk
Tytuł	Classification of Agricultural Emissions Among OECD Countries with Unsupervised Techniques
Title	Classification of Agricultural Emissions Among OECD Countries with Unsupervised Techniques
Słowa kluczowe	agricultural economics, emissions, classification, cluster analysis, k-means, hdbscan
Key words	agricultural economics, emissions, classification, cluster analysis, k-means, hdbscan
Abstrakt	Agricultural emissions represent greenhouse gas emissions from crop and livestock production. There are various estimates on agricultural emissions, however on average about 14 to 25 percent of total global emissions comes from agriculture. The main goal of this paper was to present distribution of agricultural emissions among OECD countries with the help of clustering analysis. Clustering analysis is one of the tools used in the field of exploratory data mining. Two methods were used in the analysis: K-means and HDBSCAN algorithms. Both techniques are part of unsupervised learning tasks, which group data into multiple clusters. Finally, an appraisal of obtained classifications was performed.
Abstract	Agricultural emissions represent greenhouse gas emissions from crop and livestock production. There are various estimates on agricultural emissions, however on average about 14 to 25 percent of total global emissions comes from agriculture. The main goal of this paper was to present distribution of agricultural emissions among OECD countries with the help of clustering analysis. Clustering analysis is one of the tools used in the field of exploratory data mining. Two methods were used in the analysis: K-means and HDBSCAN algorithms. Both techniques are part of unsupervised learning tasks, which group data into multiple clusters. Finally, an appraisal of obtained classifications was performed.
Cytowanie	Andrzejuk A. (2018) Classification of Agricultural Emissions Among OECD Countries with Unsupervised Techniques.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 4: 80-91
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n4_s80.pdf