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Autor	Urszula Konarzewska, Grażyna Michalczuk
Tytuł	Inwestowanie społecznie odpowiedzialne jako kierunek rozwoju rynku kapitałowego
Title	SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE INVESTING AS THE DI-RECTION OF CAPITAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT
Słowa kluczowe	inwestowanie społecznie odpowiedzialne, strategie inwestowania społecznie odpowiedzialnego, rynek kapitałowy
Key words	socially responsible investing, socially responsible investing strategies, capital market
Abstrakt	Inwestowanie społecznie odpowiedzialne (SRI) staje się coraz szybciej rozwijającym się segmentem rynku kapitałowego. Dotyczy ono transakcji, w których cel inwestycyjny jest determinowany nie tylko kryteriami finansowymi (oczekiwaną stopą zwrotu i ryzykiem), ale również aspektami pozafinansowymi dotyczącymi kwestii środowiskowych, społecznych i związanych z ładem korporacyjnym (ESG).Celem artykułu jest diagnoza inwestowania społecznie odpowiedzialnego na rynkach kapitałowych w ujęciu przestrzennym. Dodatkowym celem jest identyfikacja strategii implementowanych przez inwestorów na poszczególnych rynkach.W artykule zastosowano klasyczne metody badawcze, takie jak: studium literatury odnoszącej się do problematyki inwestowania społecznie odpowiedzialnego, a także metoda analizy desk research oparta na dokumentach ukazujących tendencje w zakresie społecznie odpowiedzialnego inwestowania na świecie w ujęciu wartościowym oraz w przekroju strategii inwestycyjnych stosowanych przez inwestorów.Odnosząc się do statystyk, można zauważyć, że inwestowanie społecznie odpowiedzialne staje się znaczącą formą lokowania środków finansowych na globalnym rynku kapitałowym. W roku 2020 globalna wartość rynku SRI wyniosła ponad 35 bln dolarów. Nie jest to jednak rynek jednolity, o czym świadczy zróżnicowane tempo rozwoju inwestowania społecznie odpowiedzialnego w poszczególnych regionach świata. Jest to też rynek, który ewoluuje pod względem stosowanych strategii inwestycyjnych. Znajduje to odzwierciedlenie w odchodzeniu od podejmowania decyzji inwestycyjnych głównie z wykorzystaniem selekcji negatywnej na rzecz inwestycji dokonanych w oparciu o strategię związaną z integracją czynników ESG z tradycyjną analizą finansową.
Abstract	Socially responsible investing (SRI) is becoming an increasingly fast-growing segment of the capital market. It refers to transactions in which the investment objective is determined not only by financial criteria (expected rate of return and risk) but also by non-financial aspects related to environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) issues.The aim of the article is to diagnose socially responsible investing in the capital markets in spatial terms. An additional aim is to identify the strategies implemented by investors in individual markets.The classical methods of research were used in this article, such as the study of the literature concerning socially responsible investing and the method of desk research based on documents showing global trends in socially responsible investing in terms of value and investment strategies used by investors.Referring to statistics, it can be seen that socially responsible investing becomes a significant form of locating funds in a global capital market. In 2020, the global value of the SRI market amounted to over USD 35 trillion. However, it is not a homogeneous market, as evidenced by thevarying rates of development of socially responsible investing in different regions of the world. It is also a market that evolves in terms of the investment strategies used. This is reflected in moving away from making investment decisions mainly with the use of negative/exclusionary screening toinvestments made on the basis of ESG integration.
Cytowanie	Konarzewska U., Michalczuk G. (2022) Inwestowanie społecznie odpowiedzialne jako kierunek rozwoju rynku kapitałowego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 27(76): 43-57
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2022_n76_s43.pdf

Autor	Jamiu Hussayn, Ogheneruemu Obi-Egbedi, Isaac Oluwatayo
Tytuł	Trade Liberalization Policy and Competitiveness of Cocoa Beans Exports in Nigeria (1961-2017)
Title	Trade Liberalization Policy and Competitiveness of Cocoa Beans Exports in Nigeria (1961-2017)
Słowa kluczowe	cocoa, competitiveness, market share, trade liberalization policy and vector error correction model
Key words	cocoa, competitiveness, market share, trade liberalization policy and vector error correction model
Abstrakt	The cocoa sector in Nigeria has experienced decline in production, yield, exports coupled with its inability to attain global standards and targets and, gradual loss of competitiveness at the world market. Trade liberalization was government’s panacea to the sector’s problem although, cocoa competitiveness remains an issue since liberalization. Therefore, the relationship between trade liberalization policy and competitiveness of Nigeria’s cocoa exports was examined in this study using data for the period 1961-2017. Cocoa market share was used to measure competitiveness while analytical tools employed were: ADF test, Johansen co-integration test and the vector error correction model (VECM). Market share, quantity of cocoa export and inflation rate were stationary at original level while others, at first difference. The co-integration test showed seven co-integrating equations. Trade liberalization policy was found to be an important driver of competitiveness. In addition, area harvested, production quantity and export quantity positively influenced competitiveness while world price of cocoa, interest rate on agricultural loans, exchange rate and trade liberalization influenced negatively. Therefore, appropriate trade policy formulation and implementation is recommended while, specific attention should be paid to monetary policies and cocoa production by the government.
Abstract	The cocoa sector in Nigeria has experienced decline in production, yield, exports coupled with its inability to attain global standards and targets and, gradual loss of competitiveness at the world market. Trade liberalization was government’s panacea to the sector’s problem although, cocoa competitiveness remains an issue since liberalization. Therefore, the relationship between trade liberalization policy and competitiveness of Nigeria’s cocoa exports was examined in this study using data for the period 1961-2017. Cocoa market share was used to measure competitiveness while analytical tools employed were: ADF test, Johansen co-integration test and the vector error correction model (VECM). Market share, quantity of cocoa export and inflation rate were stationary at original level while others, at first difference. The co-integration test showed seven co-integrating equations. Trade liberalization policy was found to be an important driver of competitiveness. In addition, area harvested, production quantity and export quantity positively influenced competitiveness while world price of cocoa, interest rate on agricultural loans, exchange rate and trade liberalization influenced negatively. Therefore, appropriate trade policy formulation and implementation is recommended while, specific attention should be paid to monetary policies and cocoa production by the government.
Cytowanie	Hussayn J., Obi-Egbedi O., Oluwatayo I. (2021) Trade Liberalization Policy and Competitiveness of Cocoa Beans Exports in Nigeria (1961-2017).Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 1: 4-15
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2021_T21(36)_n1_s4.pdf

Autor	Karolina Babuchowska
Tytuł	Wpływ zniesienia kwot mlecznych na funkcjonowanie gospodarstw specjalizujących się w produkcji mleka
Title	Impact of the Abolition of Milk Quotas on the Functioning of Dairy Farms
Słowa kluczowe	produkcja mleka, gospodarstwa rolne, zniesienie kwot mlecznych
Key words	dairy production, farms, the abolition of milk quotas
Abstrakt	Rynek mleka od początku integracji europejskiej należał do najbardziej uregulowanych. Jednym w kluczowych instrumentów, które miały zapewnić jego stabilizację były wprowadzone w 1984 r. kwoty mleczne. Dążąc do większej liberalizacji rynku mleka UE zdecydowała o zniesieniu od 1 kwietnia 2015 r. limitów produkcji. Fakt ten znacząco zmienił warunki funkcjonowania gospodarstw specjalizujących się w produkcji mleka. Celem artykułu była próba ukazania jak zniesienie limitowania produkcji mleka wpłynęło na funkcjonowanie polskich gospodarstw mleczarskich. Podstawowym źródeł informacji były wyniki badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych wśród 1047 właścicieli gospodarstw specjalizujących się w produkcji mleka. Informacje te uzupełniono danymi Agencji Rynku Rolnego, Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego oraz Eurostat. W opinii ponad połowy respondentów na skutek likwidacji w 2015 r. kwot mlecznych pogorszyła się sytuacja ich gospodarstwa. Wynikało to przede wszystkim z niskich cen mleka, które wpłynęły na obniżenie opłacalności produkcji. Z tego względu aż 62% badanych było zdania, że na rynku mleka powinien być większy stopień interwencji.
Abstract	The milk market was one of the most regulated since the beginning of European integration. One of the key instruments to stabilize this market was milk quota. It was introduced in 1984. Aiming at greater milk market liberalization, the EU decided to lift limits of the production from 1 April 2015. This fact significantly changed the operating conditions of dairy farms. The aim of the article was to show how the implementation (along with Poland's accession to the EU), and then the abolition of milk production, affected the situation of Polish dairy farms. The primary sources of information were the results of a survey in 1047 dairy farm owners operating throughout the country. This information was supplemented by Agriculture Market Agency and Milk Market Observatory data. In the opinion of more than half of the respondents, as a result of the abolition of milk quotas in 2015, the situation of their farms worsted. This fact was primarily due to the low prices of raw milk, which was driven by lower efficiency of production. As a result, 62% of the respondents believed that there should be a greater degree of intervention on the milk market.
Cytowanie	Babuchowska K. (2020) Wpływ zniesienia kwot mlecznych na funkcjonowanie gospodarstw specjalizujących się w produkcji mleka.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 20(35), z. 1: 5-14
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2020_T20(35)_n1_s5.pdf

Autor	Tetyana Kuts, Oksana Makarchuk
Tytuł	Ukrainian Sunflower Market on the Background of EU and US Markets
Title	Ukrainian Sunflower Market on the Background of EU and US Markets
Słowa kluczowe	market integration, Ukraine, European Union, United States, sunflower oil market
Key words	market integration, Ukraine, European Union, United States, sunflower oil market
Abstrakt	This paper aims to provide market analysis of the sunflower market in Ukraine (UA) and research the existence of integration between the sunflower oil markets in Ukraine, the European Union (EU) and the United States (US). To fulfill the aims in the paper, yearly balances of sunflower seed, sunflower oil and sunflower cake were analyzed and price analysis was conducted. Price integration was assessed with the use of the error correction model (ECM) which was applied to monthly prices for sunflower oil from 2000 to 2020. Our findings provide evidence of high price transmission between the UA and EU markets, conversely lower price transmission was observed between the UA and the US.
Abstract	This paper aims to provide market analysis of the sunflower market in Ukraine (UA) and research the existence of integration between the sunflower oil markets in Ukraine, the European Union (EU) and the United States (US). To fulfill the aims in the paper, yearly balances of sunflower seed, sunflower oil and sunflower cake were analyzed and price analysis was conducted. Price integration was assessed with the use of the error correction model (ECM) which was applied to monthly prices for sunflower oil from 2000 to 2020. Our findings provide evidence of high price transmission between the UA and EU markets, conversely lower price transmission was observed between the UA and the US.
Cytowanie	Kuts T., Makarchuk O. (2020) Ukrainian Sunflower Market on the Background of EU and US Markets .Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 20(35), z. 3: 4-15
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2020_T20(35)_n3_s4.pdf

Autor	Maryla Bieniek-Majka
Tytuł	QUO VADIS ORGANIZATION OF THE FRUIT AND VEGETABLES MARKET IN POLAND? STATE OF ORGANIZATION OF THE POLISH FRUIT AND VEGETABLES MARKET
Title
Słowa kluczowe	fruit and vegetable market, integration, competitiveness
Key words
Abstrakt	The article aimed to present the state of the organization of the fruit and vegetable market in Poland in 2020. Based on a library query and available registers, changes in the number of producer groups and organiza tions, their members, and the selected organizational form and category of products offered in Poland in 2004-2020 were presented. After the introduction of legislative changes in 2012, limiting the co-financing of the market organization process, a chronic decrease in both the number of existing fruit and vegetable producer organizations and their members is noticeable. Such a long-term trend may lead to a decline in the market organization and bargaining power of domestic producers. To prevent further disintegration of pro ducer groups and organizations, it is suggested that they should be provided with institutional support that would be long-lasting and stable.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Bieniek-Majka M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2020_n4_s22.pdf

Autor	Agnieszka Parlinska, Yılmaz Toktaş
Tytuł	The Impact of the Real Effective Exchange Rate on Poland’s Food and Live Animal Exports
Title	The Impact of the Real Effective Exchange Rate on Poland’s Food and Live Animal Exports
Słowa kluczowe	exchange rate, ARDL bounds test analysis, time series analysis, food and live animal exports, cointegration
Key words	exchange rate, ARDL bounds test analysis, time series analysis, food and live animal exports, cointegration
Abstrakt	In this study, for the 2012M1-2020M1 period, the relationship between Poland’s real effective exchange rate and its food and animal exports were examined by the bounds test. The stationary analyses of variables were examined by the ADF and PP tests. According to the results of a cointegration test, a cointegration relation among the real effective exchange rate, food and live animal exports, as well as industrial production was determined. It was also concluded that the real effective exchange rate has a long-term negative impact on Poland's food and live animal exports. This research also established that a 1% increase in the real effective exchange rate in the long-term would decrease Poland's food and animal exports by 3.091%. Also, industrial production has a positive impact on Poland’s food and animal exports, as expected. It was determined that a 1% increase in industrial production would increase Poland’s food and animal exports by 2.803%. On the other hand, the error correction term coefficient was found to be -0.119, indicating that 11% of the imbalance in the short-term will be recovered in the next period.
Abstract	In this study, for the 2012M1-2020M1 period, the relationship between Poland’s real effective exchange rate and its food and animal exports were examined by the bounds test. The stationary analyses of variables were examined by the ADF and PP tests. According to the results of a cointegration test, a cointegration relation among the real effective exchange rate, food and live animal exports, as well as industrial production was determined. It was also concluded that the real effective exchange rate has a long-term negative impact on Poland's food and live animal exports. This research also established that a 1% increase in the real effective exchange rate in the long-term would decrease Poland's food and animal exports by 3.091%. Also, industrial production has a positive impact on Poland’s food and animal exports, as expected. It was determined that a 1% increase in industrial production would increase Poland’s food and animal exports by 2.803%. On the other hand, the error correction term coefficient was found to be -0.119, indicating that 11% of the imbalance in the short-term will be recovered in the next period.
Cytowanie	Parlinska A., Toktaş Y. (2020) The Impact of the Real Effective Exchange Rate on Poland’s Food and Live Animal Exports.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 20(35), z. 4: 47-57
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2020_T20(35)_n4_s47.pdf

Autor	Mariusz Hamulczuk, Oksana Makarchuk, Edgardo Sica
Tytuł	Price Behaviour and Market Integration: Preliminary Evidencefrom the Ukrainian and European Union Rapeseed Markets
Title	Price Behaviour and Market Integration: Preliminary Evidencefrom the Ukrainian and European Union Rapeseed Markets
Słowa kluczowe	price behavior, horizontal market integration, Ukraine, European Union, rapeseed market
Key words	price behavior, horizontal market integration, Ukraine, European Union, rapeseed market
Abstrakt	This paper aims to provide preliminary evidence about the existence of horizontal integration between the rapeseed markets in Ukraine (UA) and the European Union (EU). To this end, both a trade analysis and a price analysis were carried out. In particular, the trade analysis was performed using yearly trade flows between the UA and EU, whereas price co-movement was assessed by means of linear vector error correction model (VECM) applied to weekly prices for rapeseed from 2008 to 2018. Our findings provide evidence of strong integration between the UA and EU markets in terms of the trade of rapeseeds, rape cake, and rape oil, as well as high horizontal rapeseed price transmission between the two economies.
Abstract	This paper aims to provide preliminary evidence about the existence of horizontal integration between the rapeseed markets in Ukraine (UA) and the European Union (EU). To this end, both a trade analysis and a price analysis were carried out. In particular, the trade analysis was performed using yearly trade flows between the UA and EU, whereas price co-movement was assessed by means of linear vector error correction model (VECM) applied to weekly prices for rapeseed from 2008 to 2018. Our findings provide evidence of strong integration between the UA and EU markets in terms of the trade of rapeseeds, rape cake, and rape oil, as well as high horizontal rapeseed price transmission between the two economies.
Cytowanie	Hamulczuk M., Makarchuk O., Sica E. (2019) Price Behaviour and Market Integration: Preliminary Evidencefrom the Ukrainian and European Union Rapeseed Markets.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 1: 47-58
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s47.pdf

Autor	Barbara Wieliczko
Tytuł	Planned Shape of the CAP 2021-2027 versus Globalisation and Integration Processes
Title	Planned Shape of the CAP 2021-2027 versus Globalisation and Integration Processes
Słowa kluczowe	common agricultural policy, globalisation, integration
Key words	common agricultural policy, globalisation, integration
Abstrakt	The planned CAP reform will determine the capacity of EU agriculture in facing challenges, especially those related to climate change and growing international competition. The aim of the paper is to assess the EC’s reform proposals in the context of globalisation and integration processes. The paper is based on the analysis of the EC’s proposals for the CAP 2021-2027. The results show that the proposed changes in the CAP are limited and they do not ensure significant support for the agricultural sector. They also are not adequately precise to evaluate them. Moreover, the proposed change in the CAP implementation model poses a serious risk of the CAP disintegration, which will not help the EU in its trade talks with other partners and thus can be detrimental to the future of the EU agri-food sector. It seems that the first step to make the CAP more effective is to strengthen its monitoring system.
Abstract	The planned CAP reform will determine the capacity of EU agriculture in facing challenges, especially those related to climate change and growing international competition. The aim of the paper is to assess the EC’s reform proposals in the context of globalisation and integration processes. The paper is based on the analysis of the EC’s proposals for the CAP 2021-2027. The results show that the proposed changes in the CAP are limited and they do not ensure significant support for the agricultural sector. They also are not adequately precise to evaluate them. Moreover, the proposed change in the CAP implementation model poses a serious risk of the CAP disintegration, which will not help the EU in its trade talks with other partners and thus can be detrimental to the future of the EU agri-food sector. It seems that the first step to make the CAP more effective is to strengthen its monitoring system.
Cytowanie	Wieliczko B. (2019) Planned Shape of the CAP 2021-2027 versus Globalisation and Integration Processes.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 2: 224-232
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n2_s224.pdf

Autor	Tetiana Chernychko, Natalia Liba, Vitalii Rybchak
Tytuł	Professional competence of future economists in the region
Title
Słowa kluczowe	competence, competency approach, professional competence, economist, educational process
Key words
Abstrakt	The formation of professional competences of modern economists requires from the educational institution, from the teachers fundamentally new approaches in professional education: the integration of pedagogical, economic and entrepreneurial knowledge, skills and abilities. The aim of the study is to analyze modern approaches to the formulation of the concept of »competence«, to find out the components of professional competence for the preparation of future economists. General scientific methods of research have been applied: induction and deduction, refinement and classification. The modern approaches to the formulation of the concept of »competence« have been analyzed in the article. Historical and terminological analysis of its essence made it possible to find out the components, the structure of professional competence. Special attention has been paid to the content of key and substantive competence. The formation of professional competence of economists must be carried out taking into account the modern requirements in the field of education, educational programs of the specialty. Thus, a highly skilled economist one can become due to a high motivational indicator, confidence in the correct selection of the future kind of activity, the desire to acquire as much information professional material and its transformation into knowledge, which will lead to professionalism in the process of the vocational practice. In the subsequent research, we will substantiate the process of forming the competitiveness of future economists.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Chernychko T., Liba N., Rybchak V.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2019_n12_s59.pdf

Autor	Norbert Szalaty
Tytuł	Południowo-zachodni obszar funkcjonalny województwa wielkopolskiegojako obszar intensywnego rozwoju rolnictwa
Title	The South-West functional area of Wielkopolska voivodship as an area of intensive development of agriculture
Słowa kluczowe	rolnictwo, obszar funkcjonalny, Południowo-Zachodni Obszar Funkcjonalny, rozwój rolnictwa
Key words	agriculture, functional area, Southwest Functional Area, agricultural development
Abstrakt	Celem opracowania jest przybliżenie rolnictwa w Południowo-zachodnim obszarze funkcjonalnym województwa wielkopolskiego jako regionu uznanego za najlepiej rozwinięty rolniczo. W pracy wykorzystano źródła pierwotne oraz wtórne. Źródła wtórne stanowiła literatura naukowa z zakresu rozwoju lokalnego i rozwoju rolnictwa. Źródła pierwotne to wyniki badań przeprowadzonych w okresie od grudnia 2018 roku do lipca 2019 roku dotyczących m.in. inwestycji przeprowadzonych i planowanych, źródeł finansowania, czynników rozwojowych czy kierunku produkcji rolników. Na podstawie uzyskanych z badań wyników można stwierdzić, że rolnicy badanego obszaru skutecznie wykorzystali możliwości wynikające z mechanizmów wspólnej polityki rolnej (WPR). Akcesja Polski do Unii Europejskiej miała bardzo pozytywny wpływ na rozwój regionu, o czym świadczą rezultaty inwestycyjne osiągnięte w badanych podmiotach oraz pozytywne oceny integracji europejskiej formułowane przez rolników.
Abstract	The aim of the study is to familiarize agriculture in the Southwestern Functional Area of the Wielkopolskie Voivodship as a region recognized as the best developed for agriculture. Primary and secondary were used in the work. Secondary sources were scientific literature in the field of local development and agricultural development. Primary sources are the results of research conducted in the period from December 2018 to July 2019 regarding, among others investments carried out and planned, sources of financing, development factors or direction of farmers’ production. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that farmers in the area under investigation have effectively used the opportunities arising from CAP mechanisms. Poland’s accession to the European Union had a very positive impact on the development of the region, as evidenced by the investment results achieved in the surveyed entities and positive assessments of European integration formulated by farmers.
Cytowanie	Szalaty N.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2019_n11_s117.pdf

Autor	Klaudia Zielińska
Tytuł	Unknown Future of the Banking Union’s Third Pillar
Title	Unknown Future of the Banking Union’s Third Pillar
Słowa kluczowe	banking union, deposit guarantee schemes, European Deposit Insurance Scheme
Key words	banking union, deposit guarantee schemes, European Deposit Insurance Scheme
Abstrakt	The aim of the article is to evaluate the process of building the third pillar of the banking union. The analysis of the problem required both subject literature studies and descriptive statistics. Time scope of the analysis covers the years 2012 until 2017. The relevant data used came from the European Central Bank and the European Banking Authority. The results of the study suggest that the creation of a European Deposit Guarantee Scheme is inevitable for further financial integration in the Eurozone but more detailed conditions need to be added to its implementation plan in order to have the scheme established. This stems from both the bad financial standing of some of the euro area banks and their dependency on the sovereign debt of their home and host countries. Studies also indicate low operational readiness of the national schemes, so a transition from re-insurance onto co-insurance phase will require increased efforts of both the Member States and the banks themselves.
Abstract	The aim of the article is to evaluate the process of building the third pillar of the banking union. The analysis of the problem required both subject literature studies and descriptive statistics. Time scope of the analysis covers the years 2012 until 2017. The relevant data used came from the European Central Bank and the European Banking Authority. The results of the study suggest that the creation of a European Deposit Guarantee Scheme is inevitable for further financial integration in the Eurozone but more detailed conditions need to be added to its implementation plan in order to have the scheme established. This stems from both the bad financial standing of some of the euro area banks and their dependency on the sovereign debt of their home and host countries. Studies also indicate low operational readiness of the national schemes, so a transition from re-insurance onto co-insurance phase will require increased efforts of both the Member States and the banks themselves.
Cytowanie	Zielińska K. (2019) Unknown Future of the Banking Union’s Third Pillar .Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 1: 172-179
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s172.pdf

Autor	Jakub Olipra
Tytuł	Change in Seasonality Pattern of EU Farmgate Milk Price
Title	Change in Seasonality Pattern of EU Farmgate Milk Price
Słowa kluczowe	farmgate milk price, seasonality, forecasting, globalization, panel regressions
Key words	farmgate milk price, seasonality, forecasting, globalization, panel regressions
Abstrakt	Since 2007 farmgate milk prices in EU have become much more volatile and their seasonal pattern has stopped being so explicit. The purpose of this research is to test the hypothesis that seasonality still plays an important role in shaping farmgate milk prices in EU while its amplitude decreases together with the growing integration of the EU milk market with the global market. The aforementioned issues are investigated using Census X-12 procedure of price decomposition and panel random effects model. The results indicate that after 2007 the role of seasonality in determining EU farmgate milk prices has significantly decreased which partially results from the higher integration of the EU milk market with the global market. Nevertheless, seasonality remains an important factor determining the farmgate milk prices in EU. It can be expected that with the further globalization of the milk market, the significance of seasonality in determining farmgate milk prices in EU will be diminishing.
Abstract	Since 2007 farmgate milk prices in EU have become much more volatile and their seasonal pattern has stopped being so explicit. The purpose of this research is to test the hypothesis that seasonality still plays an important role in shaping farmgate milk prices in EU while its amplitude decreases together with the growing integration of the EU milk market with the global market. The aforementioned issues are investigated using Census X-12 procedure of price decomposition and panel random effects model. The results indicate that after 2007 the role of seasonality in determining EU farmgate milk prices has significantly decreased which partially results from the higher integration of the EU milk market with the global market. Nevertheless, seasonality remains an important factor determining the farmgate milk prices in EU. It can be expected that with the further globalization of the milk market, the significance of seasonality in determining farmgate milk prices in EU will be diminishing.
Cytowanie	Olipra J. (2019) Change in Seasonality Pattern of EU Farmgate Milk Price.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 3: 75-84
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n3_s75.pdf

Autor	Vadym Tkachuk, Oksana Vitriak
Tytuł	Perspectives of Development and Enhancement of the Efficiency of the Functioning of Small Forms of Business on the Village
Title	Perspectives of Development and Enhancement of the Efficiency of the Functioning of Small Forms of Business on the Village
Słowa kluczowe	agriculture, small farming forms, agricultural production
Key words	agriculture, small farming forms, agricultural production
Abstrakt	The article substantiates the prospects for the development and increase of the functioning efficiency of small farming forms in the countryside. Particular attention is paid to the study of factors that have a negative impact on the farms and households functioning. Based on the analysis of statistical indicators, it has been established that the most significant factors that have a negative impact on the functioning of small farming forms in the countryside are the difficulty of manufactured products realization, insufficiently effective state support, lack of developed infrastructure, low education level of households' heads. In order to minimize the negative impact of the identified range of problems, it is proposed to introduce preventive measures in the following areas: the state support system improvement, infrastructure development, the production base and resource support improvement, integration relations development.
Abstract	The article substantiates the prospects for the development and increase of the functioning efficiency of small farming forms in the countryside. Particular attention is paid to the study of factors that have a negative impact on the farms and households functioning. Based on the analysis of statistical indicators, it has been established that the most significant factors that have a negative impact on the functioning of small farming forms in the countryside are the difficulty of manufactured products realization, insufficiently effective state support, lack of developed infrastructure, low education level of households' heads. In order to minimize the negative impact of the identified range of problems, it is proposed to introduce preventive measures in the following areas: the state support system improvement, infrastructure development, the production base and resource support improvement, integration relations development.
Cytowanie	Tkachuk V., Vitriak O. (2019) Perspectives of Development and Enhancement of the Efficiency of the Functioning of Small Forms of Business on the Village.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 3: 108-115
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n3_s108.pdf

Autor	Denys Cherevyk, Mariusz Hamulczuk
Tytuł	Ukraiński rynek kukurydzy na tle zmian światowych
Title	Ukrainian Corn Market on the Background of Global Trends
Słowa kluczowe	kukurydza, przestrzenna integracja rynku, Ukraina
Key words	maize, spatial integration of the market, Ukraine
Abstrakt	Kukurydza należy do najważniejszych zbóż paszowych i przemysłowych w świecie a jednym z kluczowych producentów i eksporterów kukurydzy w świecie staje się Ukraina. Celem opracowania była ocena uwarunkowań zmian produkcji kukurydzy na Ukrainie w kontekście uwarunkowań wewnętrznych i globalnych. W pracy charakteryzowano zmiany produkcji, zużycia oraz cen w Ukrainie na tle ich odpowiedników w świecie. W świetle badań wykazano, że ma miejsce wzrost integracji ukraińskiego rynku kukurydzy z rynkami światowymi. Zjawisku temu sprzyjał wzrost popytu na kukurydzę na rynkach światowych spowodowany rozwojem produkcji biopaliw oraz relatywnie niskie koszty produkcji zbóż na Ukrainie.
Abstract	Maize belongs to the most important crops and industrial grains in the world and Ukraine is becoming one of the key producers and exporters of maize in the world. The aim of the study was to assess the determinants of maize production changes in Ukraine in the context of internal and global conditions. The work presents changes in production, consumption and prices in Ukraine against their counterparts in the world. In light of the research, it has been shown that there is an increase of integration of the Ukrainian maize market with global markets. This phenomenon was supported by the increase in demand for maize on global markets caused by the development of biofuel production and the relatively low costs of cereal production in Ukraine.
Cytowanie	Cherevyk D., Hamulczuk M. (2018) Ukraiński rynek kukurydzy na tle zmian światowych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 2: 33-43
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n2_s33.pdf

Autor	Jacek Strojny
Tytuł	Wzrost pobudzany eksportem czy eksport stymulowany wzrostem sektora rolnego
Title	Growth Led by Exports or Exports Driven by Agricultural Sector Growth
Słowa kluczowe	analiza kointegracyjna, modele VAR, produkcja rolna, eksport rolno-żywnościowy
Key words	cointegration analysis, VAR models, agricultural production, agri-food exports
Abstrakt	Celem opracowania jest analiza współzależności między międzynarodową wymianą produktami rolno-żywnościowymi a poziomem produkcji rolnej w wybranych krajach UE. Badanie oparto na metodologii analizy kointegracyjnej i modelach wektorowej autoregresji (VAR). Znaczenie ekspansji eksportowej dla wzrostu produkcji rolnej jest odmienne w poszczególnych krajach UE. W Polsce produkcja rolna jest kształtowana w znacznej mierze poziomem eksportu, ale pozostaje także pod wpływem własnej tendencji rozwojowej. Polski eksport rolno-spożywczy jest kształtowany własną tendencją rozwojową. Dla Francji nie wykryto współzależności między produkcją rolną i eksportem rolno-żywnościowym. Z drugiej strony, eksport jest kształtowany własną tendencją rozwojową i zidentyfikowano zależność między eksportem i produkcją rolną. Podsumowując, w Polsce eksport wspiera produkcję rolną, a we Francji wysoki poziom produkcji sektora rolnego stymuluje eksport.
Abstract	The aim of the article is to analyze the interrelationship between the international exchange of agri-food products and the level of the agricultural production in selected EU countries. The study is based on cointegration analysis methodology and employs vector autoregression models (VAR). The relevance of export expansion for the growth of agricultural production differs in individual EU countries. Agricultural production in Poland has a lot to do with the level of the exports, but it is under the influence of its own developmental tendency, as well. The Polish agri-food exports are shaped heavily by their own trend. No interrelationship was detected between agricultural production and agri-food exports in France. On the other hand, exports are influenced by their trend and additionally a strong impact of the level of agricultural production on exports was detected. To conclude, exports support agricultural production in Poland, and the high level of production of the agricultural sector stimulates exports in France.
Cytowanie	Strojny J. (2018) Wzrost pobudzany eksportem czy eksport stymulowany wzrostem sektora rolnego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 1: 248-262
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n1_s248.pdf

Autor	Piotr Bórawski, Krzysztof Zalewski
Tytuł	Czynniki kształtujące produkcję mleka w Polsce na tle UE
Title	Factors Shaping Milk Production in Poland vis-à-vis the European Union
Słowa kluczowe	podaż, mleko, kraje UE
Key words	supply, milk, EU countries
Abstrakt	W pracy analizie poddano produkcję mleka w Polsce oraz czynniki ją determinujące na tle UE. Z analiz wynika, że produkcja mleka w Polsce po akcesji do UE wzrosła. Przyczyn tego zjawiska należy upatrywać w zmianach, jakie zaszły na rynku mleka i związane były z integracją europejską, systemem kwotowania i dostosowaniu do standardów unijnych w zakresie dobrostanu zwierząt. W analizie wyników badań wykorzystano metody tabelaryczne, graficzne i opisowe. W pracy przeprowadzono analizę statystyczną, z której wynika, że głównym czynnikiem decydującym o produkcji mleka w Polsce jest kurs euro-złoty.
Abstract	In the paper the production of milk in Poland and factors shaping it was analyzed against the background of the EU. The analysis shows that milk production in Poland after EU accession increased. The reasons for this phenomenon should be seen in the changes that took place in the milk market and were related to European integration, the quota system and adaptation to EU standards in the field of animal welfare. The tabular, graphical and descriptive methods were used in the analysis of the results. A statistical analysis which was carried out in the work, shows that the Euro-PLN exchange rate is the main determining factor in milk production in Poland.
Cytowanie	Bórawski P., Zalewski K. (2018) Czynniki kształtujące produkcję mleka w Polsce na tle UE.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 3: 36-48
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n3_s36.pdf

Autor	Iwona Szczepaniak
Tytuł	Przewagi komparatywne w handlu zagranicznym Polski na przykładzie produktów rolno-spożywczych i pozostałych
Title	Comparative Advantages in Polish Foreign Trade on the Example of Agri-Food and Other Products
Słowa kluczowe	handel zagraniczny, przewagi komparatywne, konkurencyjność, produkty rolno-spożywcze
Key words	foreign trade, comparative advantages, competitiveness, agri-food products
Abstrakt	Globalizacja i integracja gospodarcza sprawiają, że konkurencyjność podmiotów coraz częściej analizowana jest w kontekście ich powiązań z rynkiem międzynarodowym. Celem artykułu jest ocena przewag komparatywnych w handlu zagranicznym Polski produktami rolno-spożywczymi na tle handlu pozostałymi produktami. W badaniu wykorzystano wskaźnik relatywnej przewagi handlowej RTA. Badanie to poprzedzono omówieniem wyników handlu zagranicznego. Źródłem danych była baza danych handlowych WITS-Comtrade. Analizę przeprowadzono na poziomie sekcji HS. Badanie udowodniło, że handel zagraniczny Polski charakteryzuje zróżnicowany poziom przewag komparatywnych. Spośród dwudziestu sekcji HS, w 2016 r. Polska posiadała przewagi komparatywne w handlu produktami dwóch rolno-spożywczych i siedmiu pozostałych sekcji. Na sekcje te przypadało odpowiednio ok. 9% i 50% wartości obrotów handlowych Polski. Rozwój handlu zagranicznego produktami rolno-spożywczymi Polski, a także dość znaczące przewagi komparatywne w handlu tymi produktami wskazują na konkurencyjność i duże znaczenie polskiego sektora rolno-spożywczego dla gospodarki narodowej.
Abstract	Because of globalization and economic integration, the competitiveness of entities is more and more often analyzed in the context of their links with the international market. The aim of the article is to assess the comparative advantages in Poland's foreign trade in agri-food products in comparison to trade in other products. The study uses the relative trade advantage indices RTA. This study was preceded by a discussion of the results of foreign trade. The source of data was the WITS-Comtrade database. The study showed that Poland's foreign trade is characterized by a diversified level of comparative advantages. Of the twenty HS sections, in 2016 Poland had comparative advantages in trade of products from two agri-food sections and seven other sections. These sections accounted for approximately 9% and 50% of Poland's trade turnover, respectively. The development of Polish foreign trade in agri-food products, as well as quite significant comparative advantages in trade of these products, indicate the competitiveness and high importance of the Polish agri-food sector for the national economy.
Cytowanie	Szczepaniak I. (2018) Przewagi komparatywne w handlu zagranicznym Polski na przykładzie produktów rolno-spożywczych i pozostałych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 1: 263-274
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n1_s263.pdf

Autor	Dariusz Czakowski, Andrzej Czyżewski
Tytuł	THE MARKETS OF POTATOES AND SUGAR BEETS IN POLAND BEFORE AND AFTER ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION. AN ATTEMPT TO COMPARE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	root crop market, sugar market, potato market, European integration
Key words
Abstrakt	The article attempts to identify the dynamics and direction of the root plant market development in Poland in the period before and after accession to the European Union by defining resource-efficiency relations related to the cultivation of potatoes and sugar beet. The research was carried out in the years 1994–2016. Based on them, it turned out that despite the progressive process of concentration and specialization of production on the market of root crops in Poland, income efficiency (without subsidies), especially in the case of sugar beets, decreased significantly. In addition, the area of cultivation of both potatoes and sugar beet was systematically decreasing, which was partially compensated by the improvement in crops. As a result of these adjustments, sugar beet harvests were at a similar level throughout the entire period considered, while potato production decreased.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Czakowski D., Czyżewski A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s231.pdf

Autor	Maryla Bieniek - Majka, Anna Matuszczak
Tytuł	HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION PROCESSES IN THE LIGHT OF THE PARADIGM OF INDUSTRIAL AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE – CASE STUDY OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PRODUCERS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	industrial agriculture, sustainable agriculture, fruit and vegetable producer groups and organisations
Key words
Abstrakt	The aim of this article was to initiate a discussion on the possibility of implementing the paradigm of sustainable agriculture by integrated fruit and vegetable producers. On the basis of the literature review the concept of industrial and sustainable agriculture and the dual model combining the advantages of both ideas were presented. Research has shown that institutional solutions have inspired horticulturists to join producer groups/ /organisations, resulting in an increase in the number of products offered on the domestic and international market. The strength of the correlation analysed between the number of producer groups/organisations and the selected characteristics of the fruit and vegetable market showed that integrated producers have a greater impact on the vegetable market than fruit. This impact had the properties of industrial agriculture. The structure of Polish groups/organisations in terms of their number allows us to suppose that, as small, often family businesses, they have premises to implement the paradigm of sustainable agriculture using the dual model. However, such an idea requires further long-term institutional support.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Bieniek - Majka M., Matuszczak A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s21.pdf

Autor	Wawrzyniec Czubak, Krzysztof Pawłowski
Tytuł	Identyfikacja sposobów implementacji II filaru WPR w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
Title	Identification of ways of implementing the 2nd pillar of the CAP in Central and Eastern Europe countries
Słowa kluczowe	wspólna polityka rolna, Program Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich 2007–2013, Unia Europejska, Europa Środkowo-Wschodnia, rozwój obszarów wiejskich, rolnictwo
Key words	Common Agricultural Policy, Rural Development Program 2007–2013, European Union, Central and Eastern Europe, rural development, agriculture
Abstrakt	Bardzo znaczącą rolę w kształtowaniu obrazu nowoczesnej, europejskiej wsi odgrywa II filar wspólnej polityki rolnej. Jego wpływ na rozwój rolnictwa i obszarów wiejskich wydaje się oczywisty, chociażby ze względu na miejsce, jakie zajmuje w strukturze budżetu Unii Europejskiej. Bardzo istotne jest jednak ścisłe określenie efektów, jakie przynosi jego realizacja. Stąd w niniejszym artykule głównym celem było ukazanie przyczyn zróżnicowania implementacji Programu Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich 2007–2013 w państwach środkowo- wschodniej Europy. Na tle różnic w sytuacji ekonomiczno-produkcyjnej sektora rolnego dokonano oceny konstrukcji programów i porównano jego wpływ na zmiany zachodzące w sektorach rolnych tych krajów. Dla ukazania wpływu funduszy II filaru WPR zakres czasowy prezentujący zmiany w rolnictwie obejmuje lata przed i po integracji. Na ich podstawie dokonane zostało porównanie wdrażanych działań oraz struktury ich finansowania.
Abstract	The 2nd pillar of the Common Agricultural Policy plays a very significant role in shaping the image of a modern, European village. It’s impact on the development of agriculture and rural areas seems to be obvious, for example because of the place it occupies in the structure of the European Union budget. However, it’s very important to precisely determine the effects of its implementation. Therefore, in this article the main goal was to show the reasons for diversifying the implementation of the Rural Development Program 2007–2013 in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Against the background of differences in the economic and production situation of the agricultural sector, the design of the Programs was evaluated and it’s impact on changes in the agricultural sectors of these countries was compared. To show the impact of the funds of the second pillar of the CAP, the time range presenting changes in agriculture covers the years before and after integration. Based on them, a comparison of the implemented activities and the structure of their financing has been made.
Cytowanie	Czubak W., Pawłowski K. (2018) Identyfikacja sposobów implementacji II filaru WPR w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 124: 109-123
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2018_n124_s109.pdf