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Autor	Agnieszka Gałecka, Marzena Ganc
Tytuł	Stabilność finansowa gmin wiejskich województwa lubelskiego w latach 2016-2020
Title	FINANCIAL STABILITY OF RURAL MUNICIPALITIES IN POLAND’S LUBLIN VOIVODESHIP IN 2016-2020
Słowa kluczowe	stabilność finansowa, gminy wiejskie, analiza wskaźnikowa, płynność finansowa
Key words	financial stability, rural municipalities, ratio analysis, financial liquidity
Abstrakt	Stabilność usług publicznych oraz sytuacja finansowa samorządów lokalnych ma istotny wpływ na rozwój gospodarczy kraju, jak również trwający od lat proces reform politycznych zmierzających do promowania wydajności jednostek sektora publicznego, ich zrównoważonych budżetów oraz stabilności finansowej. Jest to pojęcie różnie definiowane, co wynika m.in. z jego wieloaspektowości oraz braku precyzyjnie określonych miar do oceny tego zjawiska.Celem głównym pracy była ocena stabilności finansowej gmin wiejskich województwa lubelskiego w latach 2016-2020. W ramach celu głównego przeprowadzono analizę wskaźnikową oraz badania ankietowe. Artykuł powstał w oparciu o studia literatury przedmiotu, sprawozdania z wykonania budżetów badanych gmin publikowane przez Regionalną Izbę Obrachunkową w Lublinie oraz kwestionariusz ankiety.Na podstawie przeprowadzonych analiz stwierdzono że badane gminy w latach 2016-2020 odnotowały trwałość w zakresie polityki fiskalnej, stabilny poziom płynności finansowej i zadłużenia, aczkolwiek stosunkowo niski poziom samodzielności dochodowej. Kryzys w 2020 roku wywołany pandemią Covid-19 spowodował znaczny wzrost wydatków bieżących jednostek samorządu terytorialnego w porównaniu do dochodów, które były mniejsze niż planowano, aczkolwiek nie wpłynął na znaczne pogorszenie wyników finansowych badanych gmin. W opinii ankietowanych (wójtów) zdecydowana większość gmin wiejskich województwa lubelskiego była stabilna finansowo a pandemia Covid-19 na ogół nie miała istotnego wpływu na jej poziom.
Abstract	The stability of public services and the financial situation of local governments has a significant impact on a nation’s economic development. It also affects the long-standing process of political reforms aimed at promoting the efficiency of public sector units, their balanced budgets and financial stability. It is a concept defined in different ways, which is due, among other things, to its multifaceted nature and the lack of precisely defined measures to assess this phenomenon.The main objective of the paper was to assess the financial stability of rural municipalities in Poland’s Lublin voivodeship in 2016-2020. Within the framework of the main objective, ratio analysis and survey research was conducted. The paper was based on the study of literature on the subject, reports on the implementation of budgets in the studied municipalities published by the Regional Chamber of Accounts in Lublin, and a survey questionnaire.Based on the analyses, it was found that the studied municipalities in 2016-2020 recorded sustainability in terms of fiscal policy, and a stable level of financial liquidity and debt, albeit with a relatively low level of revenue independence. The crisis in 2020 caused by the Covid-19 pandemic caused a significant increase in the current expenditures of local government units compared to revenues, which were less than planned, although it did not significantly worsen thefinancial performance of the surveyed municipalities. In the opinion of the respondents (heads of rural municipalities), the vast majority of rural municipalities in the Lublin voivodeship were financially stable and the Covid-19 pandemic generally did not have a significant impact on theirlevels of stability.
Cytowanie	Gałecka A., Ganc M. (2022) Stabilność finansowa gmin wiejskich województwa lubelskiego w latach 2016-2020.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 27(76): 18-29
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2022_n76_s18.pdf

Autor	Arkadiusz Weremczuk, Michał Wielechowski, Joanna Wrzesińska-Kowal
Tytuł	Developments and convergence of real housing pricesin Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic:focus on voivodeship capitals
Title
Słowa kluczowe	real estate market, housing prices, regional price convergence in housing market, COVID-19, voivodeship capitals, Poland
Key words
Abstrakt	The paper aims to present and assess the changes in real housing prices in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyse transaction prices of residential premises in a multi-family housing (apartments) in the primary and secondary markets within 16 administrative capitals of voivodeships. We use quarterly data on House Prices Database collected by the National Bank of Poland and data on quarterly price indices of consumer goods and services from Statistics Poland. The research period covers the period 2018-2021, with distinction into COVID-19- and pre-COVID-19 periods. We observe the highest housing prices in Warszawa, Gdańsk, Kraków, and Wrocław, while the lowest in Zielona Góra and Kielce. Surprisingly, the growth rate in real housing prices in the pandemic sub-period is lower than in corresponding pre-COVID-19 period. In the COVID-19 sub-period, we observe the most significant increases in real estate prices in Zielona Góra and Szczecin in the primary market, and Kraków, Lublin, and Łódź in the secondary market. Additionally, we reveal the existence of regional price convergence in the housing market in analysed cities, both in primary and secondary markets. However, we do not observe a common price convergence, but only convergence clubs (city-groups) where the housing prices tend to converge in the COVID-19 sub-period.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Weremczuk A., Wielechowski M., Wrzesińska-Kowal J.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2021_n16_s111.pdf

Autor	Solomon Adesoji, Banji Adisa, Abiodun Agboola, Adedayo Ajayi, Dorcas Alabi, Julius Ayinde, Olanike Deji, Olajide Filusi, Toyin Ojo, Oladimeji Oladele, Aanuoluwapo Opayinka
Tytuł	Participatory Development of Demand-Driven Curriculum for Career-Ready E-Extension Services in Nigeria
Title	Participatory Development of Demand-Driven Curriculum for Career-Ready E-Extension Services in Nigeria
Słowa kluczowe	participatory curriculum, career- ready, e- extension services, stakeholders, Nigeria
Key words	participatory curriculum, career- ready, e- extension services, stakeholders, Nigeria
Abstrakt	This paper described and contextualized participatory development of demand-driven curriculum for career-ready e-extension services in Nigeria as introduced by the Sasakawa Africa Fund for Extension Education. The stages of participatory development were participatory need assessment, participatory stakeholders’ workshop and validation among 124 stakeholders selected as key informants in relation to agricultural extension training, delivery, end users and policy makers. The stakeholders were grouped as follows: community leaders and policy makers; extension agencies / organisations / institutions / employers; farmers; input suppliers / marketers / agro-based traders / other value actors; and potential candidate groups. Stakeholder meetings were held separately with different groups three times, and then a combined meeting took place. The aggregated major decisions/consensus were subjected to content analysis using ATLAS.ti. The validation process included reading of each agreed decision to all participants, then participants indicated their agreement or otherwise, which led to either rejection or acceptance of the decision. This paper concludes that participatory curriculum development has enhanced the stakeholders to identify areas of demand-driven training in response to community needs. The stakeholders preferred more online than face-to-face training. The major perceived advantages of e-extension were reduced risk, time and cost effectiveness while infrastructural and human challenges were the perceived challenges that could possibly hinder the smooth running of e extension.
Abstract	This paper described and contextualized participatory development of demand-driven curriculum for career-ready e-extension services in Nigeria as introduced by the Sasakawa Africa Fund for Extension Education. The stages of participatory development were participatory need assessment, participatory stakeholders’ workshop and validation among 124 stakeholders selected as key informants in relation to agricultural extension training, delivery, end users and policy makers. The stakeholders were grouped as follows: community leaders and policy makers; extension agencies / organisations / institutions / employers; farmers; input suppliers / marketers / agro-based traders / other value actors; and potential candidate groups. Stakeholder meetings were held separately with different groups three times, and then a combined meeting took place. The aggregated major decisions/consensus were subjected to content analysis using ATLAS.ti. The validation process included reading of each agreed decision to all participants, then participants indicated their agreement or otherwise, which led to either rejection or acceptance of the decision. This paper concludes that participatory curriculum development has enhanced the stakeholders to identify areas of demand-driven training in response to community needs. The stakeholders preferred more online than face-to-face training. The major perceived advantages of e-extension were reduced risk, time and cost effectiveness while infrastructural and human challenges were the perceived challenges that could possibly hinder the smooth running of e extension.
Cytowanie	Adesoji S., Adisa B., Agboola A., Ajayi A., Alabi D., Ayinde J., Deji O., Filusi O., Ojo T., Oladele O., Opayinka A. (2021) Participatory Development of Demand-Driven Curriculum for Career-Ready E-Extension Services in Nigeria.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 3: 14-23
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2021_T21(36)_n3_s14.pdf

Autor	Amurtiya Michael, Shuaibu Mshelia, Justice Onu, Samuel Upev
Tytuł	Poverty and its Alleviating Strategies among Rural Farming Households in Benue State, Nigeria
Title	Poverty and its Alleviating Strategies among Rural Farming Households in Benue State, Nigeria
Słowa kluczowe	poverty, alleviating strategies, rural, farming household, Nigeria
Key words	poverty, alleviating strategies, rural, farming household, Nigeria
Abstrakt	The study analysed rural farming households’ poverty status and alleviating strategies in Benue State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were to: describes the rural household heads’ socio-economic characteristics; determine the poverty status of the respondents and its determinants; and identify poverty alleviating strategies of the respondents. Data for the study was collected from 420 respondents selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke poverty measurement index, and the Binary Logistic regression model. The findings of the study revealed a very high incidence of poverty (70%), having a gap of 0.34, and severity of 0.17. Poverty in the area is positively associated with the age of the household head and household size, while gender, educational level, off-farm activity, membership of a group, farm size, and land ownership are negatively associated with poverty. The common poverty alleviation strategies identified were agricultural wage labour (48.6%), rental services (45.0%), and transportation business (36.7%). Therefore, it was recommended that the government and other stakeholders should initiate sustainable social protection schemes that can assist rural residents in alleviating poverty until their condition improves.
Abstract	The study analysed rural farming households’ poverty status and alleviating strategies in Benue State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were to: describes the rural household heads’ socio-economic characteristics; determine the poverty status of the respondents and its determinants; and identify poverty alleviating strategies of the respondents. Data for the study was collected from 420 respondents selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke poverty measurement index, and the Binary Logistic regression model. The findings of the study revealed a very high incidence of poverty (70%), having a gap of 0.34, and severity of 0.17. Poverty in the area is positively associated with the age of the household head and household size, while gender, educational level, off-farm activity, membership of a group, farm size, and land ownership are negatively associated with poverty. The common poverty alleviation strategies identified were agricultural wage labour (48.6%), rental services (45.0%), and transportation business (36.7%). Therefore, it was recommended that the government and other stakeholders should initiate sustainable social protection schemes that can assist rural residents in alleviating poverty until their condition improves.
Cytowanie	Michael A., Mshelia S., Onu J., Upev S. (2021) Poverty and its Alleviating Strategies among Rural Farming Households in Benue State, Nigeria.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 2: 33-44
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2021_T21(36)_n2_s33.pdf

Autor	Bartłomiej Bajan, Aldona Mrówczyńska-Kamińska
Tytuł	Supply of Materials to the Agribusiness Sector of European Union Countries
Title	Supply of Materials to the Agribusiness Sector of European Union Countries
Słowa kluczowe	material supply, agribusiness, food industry, agriculture, European Union
Key words	material supply, agribusiness, food industry, agriculture, European Union
Abstrakt	The purpose of this paper was to assess the prevailing relationships in the supply structure of the agribusiness sector in European Union countries over the years. The study focused on 25 European Union countries (Cyprus, Luxembourg and Malta were excluded) to address the changes in the supply structures of agriculture and food industries, the two major components of agribusiness. The study was of a dynamic nature. Although the study period was 2000–2014, this paper only presents the figures for the first and the last year, i.e. 2000 and 2014. The main focus was on drawing conclusions on the trends observed which proved to be relatively stable in the years covered. The input–output analysis was used by aggregating the sectors of the economy for a better transparency of the inference process. As shown by this study, EU countries at higher development levels witness a decline in the share of the chemical industry in the mix of goods and services supplied to agriculture. Conversely, less developed countries saw that ratio increase. Also, the share of goods supplied to agriculture from the fuel and energy sectors goes up in most EU countries. As regards the food industry, this study observed high shares of agriculture, services and self-supply in the supply structure of EU countries. This analysis extends the existing knowledge on the relationships in the structure of materials supplied to the agribusiness because in addition to agriculture itself (which was addressed by similar studies found in literature) it takes account of the food industry. Moreover, based on long-term observations, it endeavors to capture the prevailing relationships in several countries at a time.
Abstract	The purpose of this paper was to assess the prevailing relationships in the supply structure of the agribusiness sector in European Union countries over the years. The study focused on 25 European Union countries (Cyprus, Luxembourg and Malta were excluded) to address the changes in the supply structures of agriculture and food industries, the two major components of agribusiness. The study was of a dynamic nature. Although the study period was 2000–2014, this paper only presents the figures for the first and the last year, i.e. 2000 and 2014. The main focus was on drawing conclusions on the trends observed which proved to be relatively stable in the years covered. The input–output analysis was used by aggregating the sectors of the economy for a better transparency of the inference process. As shown by this study, EU countries at higher development levels witness a decline in the share of the chemical industry in the mix of goods and services supplied to agriculture. Conversely, less developed countries saw that ratio increase. Also, the share of goods supplied to agriculture from the fuel and energy sectors goes up in most EU countries. As regards the food industry, this study observed high shares of agriculture, services and self-supply in the supply structure of EU countries. This analysis extends the existing knowledge on the relationships in the structure of materials supplied to the agribusiness because in addition to agriculture itself (which was addressed by similar studies found in literature) it takes account of the food industry. Moreover, based on long-term observations, it endeavors to capture the prevailing relationships in several countries at a time.
Cytowanie	Bajan B., Mrówczyńska-Kamińska A. (2020) Supply of Materials to the Agribusiness Sector of European Union Countries.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 20(35), z. 1: 15-24
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2020_T20(35)_n1_s15.pdf

Autor	Małgorzata Błażejowska
Tytuł	Social entrepreneurship in rural areas as illustrated by social cooperatives in Poland’s Masovian Voivodeship
Title	Funkcjonowanie przedsiębiorczości społecznej na obszarach wiejskich na przykładzie spółdzielni socjalnych województwa mazowieckiego
Słowa kluczowe	social cooperatives, rural areas, Masovian Voivodeship
Key words	spółdzielnie socjalne, obszary wiejskie, woj. Mazowieckie
Abstrakt	This paper aims to present the social cooperative movement in Poland’s rural areas as illustrated by social cooperatives operating in rural communes of the Masovian Voivodeship. Of the 32 units operating at least since 2014, only 10 have remained on the market. Based on the National Court Register data, the study examined activity profiles, employment levels, activity periods, founding entities and financial situations by using the method of indicators of dynamics and return on sales (ROS). Cooperatives were selected with regard to the legal nature of their founders in order to indicate any differences. The cooperatives established by legal persons had a stable financial situation in the case of 80% of the analysed entities. All of them recorded an increase in revenues in comparison to the year before and 80% of them reported a profit and a positive ROS. 80% of the entities established by natural persons generated a loss from conducted activities and a negative ROS in the last three years of conducted activities. The research results showed that the greatest chances for development were found in cooperatives that were established by legal persons and which rendered services of general interest.
Abstract	Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie przedsiębiorczości społecznej na obszarach wiejskich na przykładzie spółdzielni socjalnych mających siedzibę w gminach wiejskich woj. mazowieckiego. Ustalono, że spośród 32 jednostek funkcjonujących co najmniej od 2014 roku, na rynku utrzymało się tylko 10. Na podstawie danych z KRS zbadano profil działalności, poziom zatrudnienia, okres prowadzenia działalności, podmioty założycielskie oraz sytuację finansową przy wykorzystaniu metody indeksów dynamiki oraz wskaźnika rentowności sprzedaży (ROS). Wyodrębniono spółdzielnie pod względem podmiotowości prawnej założycieli, celem wskazania różnic. Wśród podmiotów założonych przez osoby prawne występuje stabilna sytuacja finansowa dla 80% analizowanych jednostek. We wszystkich z nich nastąpił wzrost przychodów w porównaniu do roku ubiegłego a 80% z nich odnotowała zysk oraz dodatni ROS. Spośród spółdzielni założonych przez osoby fizyczne 80% wykazało stratę z prowadzonej działalności oraz ujemny ROS w trzech ostatnich latach prowadzonej działalności. Wyniki badań wykazały, że największe szanse na rozwój mają spółdzielnie socjalne założone przez osoby prawne i świadczące usługi użyteczności publicznej.
Cytowanie	Błażejowska M. (2020) Social entrepreneurship in rural areas as illustrated by social cooperatives in Poland’s Masovian Voivodeship .Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 24(73): 20-30
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2020_n73_s20.pdf

Autor	Alina Katunian, Jolita Variakojiene, Lina Zirnele,
Tytuł	Theoretical and practical assumptions of the business travelorganization. Lithuanian case
Title
Słowa kluczowe	business trips, business tourism, MICE, Lithuania
Key words
Abstrakt	The aim of this article is to analyse the theoretical and practical assumptions ofthe business travel organization. Development of the business tourism and growth of thebusiness trips was mainly influenced by the development of the international business.Nowadays business tourism is in a great request, business travellers book a lot of tourismservices, for instance: accommodation, transportation, insurance and other services. Differentcompanies have different approach and capabilities towards organization of the business trips:organizing through tour operators, self-organizing by the employees, organizing by the tourismprofessionals employed in the company. The article reviews the tendencies and represents theLithuanian case of the business travel organization.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Katunian A., Variakojiene J., Zirnele, L.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2020_n13_s59.pdf

Autor	Alexandra-Maria Chirilas, Diana Foris
Tytuł	DEVELOPMENT OF AGRITOURISM THROUGH THE CONCEPT OF LOCAL GASTRONOMY POINTS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	agritourism, rural areas, local gastronomy
Key words
Abstrakt	This paper addresses issues regarding the new government initiative Local Gastronomic Points to develop rural areas with agritourism potential in Romania by highlighting the local gastronomy. The main objective of this research is to identify how the concept of Local Gastronomic Points is perceived in terms of the opinion of the owners who manage such businesses and to identify the implications of this concept in the development of agritourism. In this respect, qualitative marketing research based on the semi-structured interview method was conducted at the level of the rural tourist destination Vama Buzaului, Romania. The main conclusion of the study is that the Local Gastronomic Points is an initiative that demonstrates that it can generate horizontal development of the rural areas and the development of agritourism. The research results revealed that this concept enhances the local community and gastronomy. Starting from these results, we propose to design a unitary Gastro Local concept at the county level, which should include specific requirements regarding the culinary preparations and services, the standardization of the marking and signalling of these Points, and intense activity of information and tourist promotion. The results of the study are conclusive and relevant for stakeholders in agritourism, for the responsible public authorities in the field of tourism, to develop competitive rural tourist destinations. The paper also offers future research directions.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Chirilas A., Foris D.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2020_n4_s43.pdf

Autor	Barbara Kucharska, Mirosława Malinowska
Tytuł	Pokolenie Y na rynku żywności – perspektywa placówek gastronomicznych
Title	Generation Y on the Food Market – the Perspective of Catering Establishment
Słowa kluczowe	pokolenie Y, rynek żywności, placówka gastronomiczna
Key words	generation Y, food market, catering establishment
Abstrakt	Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja wybranych elementów zachowań pokolenia Y na rynku usług gastronomicznych oraz działań podejmowanych przez placówki gastronomiczne w kontekście tych zachowań. Realizacji celu posłużyły studia literaturowe, informacje pochodzące z czasopism branżowych oraz badania bezpośrednie przeprowadzone przez autorów artykułu. Identyfikacji wyróżników oferty placówek gastronomicznych wpisujących się w specyfikę pokolenia Y dokonano na podstawie analizie zawartości informacji zawartych na stronach internetowych placówek. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań i analiz wskazują, że pokolenie Y to niezwykle ważny podmiot rynku usług gastronomicznych – duży liczebnie, ale również innowacyjny, aktywny, szybki, wymagający. Zachowania pokolenia Y wyznaczają współczesne trendy na rynku i wymuszają podejmowanie działań przez placówki gastronomiczne zgodne z tymi trendami - w zakresie oferty, jej różnorodności i dostępności, a także wirtualizacji elementów obsługi klienta.
Abstract	The aim of the article is to identify selected elements of behaviors of generation Y on the market of catering services and activities undertaken by catering establishments in the context of these behaviors. The purpose of the article was accomplished by literature studies, information from branche magazines, and direct research carried out by the authors of the article. Identification of the distinguishing features of gastronomic establishments suitable to the specificity of generation Y was based on the analysis of the content of information contained on the websites of these establishments. The results of research and analysis indicate that Generation Y is an extremely important entity on the food service market - it is not only large in number, but also innovative, active, fast and demanding. Behaviors of generation Y determine modern market trends and force gastronomic establishments in accordance with these trends - in terms of the offer, its diversity and availability, as well as the virtualization of customer service elements.
Cytowanie	Kucharska B., Malinowska M. (2020) Pokolenie Y na rynku żywności – perspektywa placówek gastronomicznych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 20(35), z. 1: 40-51
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2020_T20(35)_n1_s40.pdf

Autor	Kamila Stańczak-Strumiłło
Tytuł	Instytucjonalne wykluczenie emerytalne w wąskim ujęciu jako rodzaj wykluczenia finansowego w Polsce
Title	INSTITUTIONAL PENSION EXCLUSION AS A NARROW APPROACH TO A TYPE OF FINANCIAL EXCLUSION IN POLAND
Słowa kluczowe	wykluczenie finansowe, wykluczenie emerytalne, dobrowolne programy emerytalne.
Key words	financial exclusion, pension exclusion, voluntary pension plans.
Abstrakt	Problematyka wykluczenia finansowego stanowi istotny obszar badań we współczesnej nauce finansów głownie ze względu na poważne skutki jakie zjawisko to implikuje zarówno w makro (dla gospodarki, sektora finansowego), jak i mikro skali (dla konsumentów usług finansowych). Obserwując zmiany w demografii (wydłużanie się życia, starzenie społeczeństw) oraz spadek prognozowanych stóp zastąpienia w bazowych systemach emerytalnych szczególnego znaczenia nabiera kategoria wykluczenia emerytalnego, polegająca na ograniczonym dostępie jednostek do produktów emerytalnych. Celem artykułu jest określenie istoty i miary wykluczenia emerytalnego oraz próba kwantyfikacji tego zjawiska w Polsce w latach 2006-2017. O oryginalności opracowania stanowi autorska definicja instytucjonalnego wykluczenia emerytalnego w szerokim i wąskim ujęciu, a także podjęta próba pomiaru instytucjonalnego wykluczenia emerytalnego w wąskim ujęciu obejmująca analizę zmian liczby uczestników dobrowolnych programów emerytalnych, wskaźników penetracji poszczególnych programów emerytalnych, oraz odsetka osób aktywnych ekonomicznie, nie korzystających z produktów emerytalnych.
Abstract	The issue of financial exclusion is an important area of research in modern finance science, mainly due to the serious effects that this phenomenon implies in both the macro (for the economy and the financial sector) and micro scale (for consumers of financial services). Observing changes in demography (increasing life expectancy, aging of societies) and a drop in forecasted replacement rates in basic pension systems, the category of pension exclusion, which involves limited access of individuals to pension products, is of particular importance. The purpose of this paper is to determine the nature and measure of pension exclusion and attempt to quantify this phenomenon in Poland in the years 2006-2017. The originality of the study is the author’s definition of institutional pension exclusion in both a broad and narrow perspective, as well as the attempt to measure institutional retirement exclusion in specific avenues, including: the analysis of changes in the number of voluntary pension scheme participants, penetration rates for individual pension programs and the percentage of economically active people not using pension products.
Cytowanie	Stańczak-Strumiłło K. (2020) Instytucjonalne wykluczenie emerytalne w wąskim ujęciu jako rodzaj wykluczenia finansowego w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 23(72): 168-179
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2020_n72_s168.pdf

Autor	Anna Kondak, Adrian Konior, Beata Tarczydło
Tytuł	SELECTED UNDERTAKINGS OF SHARING TRANSPORT SERVICES BY CONTEMPORARY CONSUMERS: RESEARCH RESULTS
Title	Wybrane przedsięwzięcia współdzielonych przez współczesnych konsumentów usług transportowych. Wyniki badań
Słowa kluczowe	consumers behaviour, sharing services and/or products, sharing economy, sharing transport services in the Polish market, case studies, research results and recommendations.
Key words	zachowania konsumentów, współdzielenie usług i/lub produktów, ekonomia współdzielenia, przedsięwzięcia współdzielenia usług transportowych z rynku polskiego, studia przypadków, rezultaty badań i rekomendacje.
Abstrakt	The primary objective of the paper is to discuss examples of sharing transport services in the Polish market as manifestations of the application of the idea of the sharing economy by contemporary consumers. Based on the essence of the considered concept and/or economy model, a review of previous studies was made and subjects for the authors’ own research were selected. The case study and online survey methods were used. In particular, services offered under the Traficar, Uber, and Wavelo brands were analysed. The research that was conducted made it possible to identify the determinants, as well as the advantages and disadvantages, of this type of market practice. It also allowed to develop certain recommendations for marketers interested in the methodical application of sharing services and/or products.
Abstract	Celem głównym opracowania było omówienie przykładów współdzielenia przez współczesnych konsumentów usług transportowych z rynku polskiego jako przejawu zastosowania idei ekonomii współdzielenia. Wychodząc od istoty uwzględnianej koncepcji i/lub modelu gospodarki, dokonano przeglądu dotychczasowych badań i wybrano obiekty do badań własnych autorów opracowania. Zastosowano metody studiów przypadków i ankietę internetową. W szczególności objęto analizą przedsięwzięcia oferowane pod markami Traficar, Uber i Wavelo. Przeprowadzone badania umożliwiły zidentyfikowanie uwarunkowań oraz zalet i wad tego typu praktyk rynkowych. Pozwoliły także na wypracowanie pewnych rekomendacji dla marketerów zainteresowanych metodycznym wdrażaniem współdzielenia usług i/lub produktów.
Cytowanie	Kondak A., Konior A., Tarczydło B. (2020) SELECTED UNDERTAKINGS OF SHARING TRANSPORT SERVICES BY CONTEMPORARY CONSUMERS: RESEARCH RESULTS.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 23(72): 222-236
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2020_n72_s222.pdf

Autor	Kamil Decyk
Tytuł	Potencjał produkcyjny sektora usług w krajach członkowskich Unii Europejskiej
Title	PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF SERVICE SECTOR IN EU MEMBER STATES
Słowa kluczowe	potencjał produkcyjny, produktywność, sektor usług, kraje członkowskie UE
Key words	production potential, productivity, services sector, EU member states
Abstrakt	Zaprezentowane w artykule wynik badań własnych bazują na danych wtórnych pozyskanych z europejskiej bazy – Eurostat. Treści przedstawione w opracowaniu dotyczą problematyki szeroko rozumianej produktywności sektora usług, stanowiącej część badań, które w pełnym podejściu badawczym poszerzone są jeszcze o aspekt innowacyjności ww. sektora. W nawiązaniu do poruszanej w badaniach tematyki, za problem badawczy przyjęto rolę i znaczenie sektora usług w gospodarkach państw Unii Europejskiej w XXI w. W tej perspektywie jednym z celów prowadzonych badań była m.in. identyfikacja potencjału produkcyjnego charakteryzującego sektor usług państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej. Do realizacji ww. celu wykorzystano wspomnianą metodę analizy danych wtórnych, przegląd literatury krajowej i zagranicznej z zakresu omawianej tematyki, a także metody statystyczne w postaci statystyki podstawowej (średnia arytmetyczna, odchylenie standardowe), które szczególne zastosowanie miały podczas agregowania państw do grup o określonym potencjale produkcyjnym sektorów usług. Rozpatrując wszystkie wskaźniki potencjału produkcyjnego analizowane w artykule (liczba przedsiębiorstw, liczba zatrudnionych, wartość produkcji) wśród krajów UE, sektorem usług o najwyższym potencjale produkcyjnym charakteryzowały się: Francja, Wielka Brytania, Niemcy, Włochy, Niemcy oraz Hiszpania – z wyjątkiem wartości produkcji. Polska zaklasyfikowana została do państw o średnim potencjale z wyjątkiem wskaźnika określającego wartość produkcji – poziom niski.
Abstract	This study addresses widely understood issues regarding productivity in the service sector and also extends to aspects of innovativeness within the sector. Results of the research presented in the article are based on secondary data gathered from the European base of statistical knowledge – Eurostat. The research also aims to evaluate the role and meaning of the service sector in national economies of EU countries in the 21st century. From this perspective, one of the goals was to identify the production potential within the service sectors of EU members. Methods used to achieve this goal included secondary data analysis, a review of domestic and foreign literature on the subject and basic statistical methods (standard deviation, arithmetic average), especially when aggregating countries into groups by specific production potential of service sectors. Taking into consideration all the indicators of production potential, which were analysed in the study (number of enterprises, number of people hired, value of production) for EU countries, the service sectors which had the highest production potential were found within: France, Great Britain, Germany, Italy and Spain – with the exception of production value. Poland was classified into the group of countries with average potential, except for the indicator identifying the value of production, which had a low level.
Cytowanie	Decyk K. (2020) Potencjał produkcyjny sektora usług w krajach członkowskich Unii Europejskiej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 24(73): 54-69
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2020_n73_s54.pdf

Autor	Mirosław Sołtysiak
Tytuł	Seniorzy na rynku usług bankowych w Polsce
Title	SENIORS ON THE MARKET OF BANKING SERVICES IN POLAND
Słowa kluczowe	usługi bankowe, ubankowienie, pokolenie 65+
Key words	banking services, banking, generation 65+
Abstrakt	Cel – Określenie preferencji przedstawicieli Polaków zaliczanych do grupy wiekowej 65+ w korzystaniu z podstawowych rodzajów produktów na rynku bankowym.  Metoda badań – Badania ankietowe przeprowadzone na grupie 569 respondentów zaliczanych do generacji 65+; wykonane przy pomocy kwestionariusza ankietowego w okresie od marca do maja 2018 r. Poprzedzone badaniem pilotażowym zrealizowanym w styczniu 2018 r. Wynik – Określono zachowania Polaków zaliczanych do generacji 65+ na rynku usług bankowych. Oszacowano poziom zainteresowania produktami bankowymi i poziom aktywności w korzystania tych produktów oraz ustalono preferowane sposoby realizacji usług bankowych. Dokonano analiza portfela produktów bankowych tego segmentu klientów. Oryginalność/Wartość – Wyniki badań stanowią poszerzenie stanu wiedzy na temat zachowań klientów zaliczanych do generacji 65+ na polskim rynku usług bankowych.
Abstract	Objective - To determine the preferences of Polish representatives included in the group of those aged 65+ in using the basic types of products on the banking market. Test method - Survey conducted on a group of 569 respondents belonging to the generation of those aged 65+; made with the use of a questionnaire from March to May 2018. Preceded by a pilot study carried out in January 2018. Result - The behavior of Poles belonging to the generation of those aged 65+ on the banking services market was defined. The level of interest in banking products and the level of activity in using these products was estimated, as well as the preferred ways to implement banking services. An analysis of the banking products portfolio of this customer segment was made. Originality / Value - The results of the research are an extension of the state of knowledge about the behavior of clients belonging to those aged 65+ on the Polish banking services market.
Cytowanie	Sołtysiak M. (2020) Seniorzy na rynku usług bankowych w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 24(73): 214-231
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2020_n73_s214.pdf

Autor	Karol Gancewski, Sławomir Juszczyk
Tytuł	OFFER OF PRIVATE BANKING OF KEY BANKS IN POLAND - STATE AND PERSPECTIVES
Title
Słowa kluczowe	affluence, private banking, wealth management, HNWI group
Key words	zamożność, private banking, wealth management, grupa HNWI
Abstrakt	The aim of the research was to identify and assess the changes of private banking in Poland. The research determined among others that the financial products with the lowest risk are currently the most popular among private banking clients of the surveyed banks. It was also determined that the most popular service in the next 2 years will probably be investment advice. Non-banking services such as legal and tax consultancy, educational consulting or concierge services will be an addition to the private banking in Poland.
Abstract	Celem badań było rozpoznanie i ocena zmian private bankingu w Polsce. W toku badań ustalono między innymi, że produkty finansowe o najmniejszym ryzyku cieszą się obecnie największą popularnością wśród klientów private bankingu badanych banków. Na podstawie wyników badań ustalono również, że najbardziej popularną usługą, świadczoną w ramach private bankingu w najbliższych 2 latach będzie prawdopodobnie doradztwo inwestycyjne. Usługi pozabankowe takie jak doradztwo prawno-podatkowe, doradztwo edukacyjne czy usługi concierge będą w dalszym ciągu dodatkiem oferty w ramach private bankingu w Polsce.
Cytowanie	Gancewski K., Juszczyk S. (2019) OFFER OF PRIVATE BANKING OF KEY BANKS IN POLAND - STATE AND PERSPECTIVES.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 21(70): 68-79
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2019_n70_s68.pdf

Autor	Justyna Chmiel, Ryszard Kata
Tytuł	Rozwój sektora bankowego w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
Title	THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BANKING SECTOR IN THE COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE
Słowa kluczowe	sektor bankowy, kraje Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
Key words	banking sector, Central and Eastern European countries
Abstrakt	Głównym celem artykułu było określenie poziomu rozwoju sektora bankowego krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej (ESW) i porównanie go do poziomu przeciętnego dla całej Unii Europejskiej oraz strefy euro. Analizie poddano zmienne dotyczące wielkości sektora, dostępności usług bankowych, a także efektywności ekonomicznej i stabilności sektora. Obliczony na ich podstawie syntetyczny wskaźnik rozwoju sektora bankowego wykazał, że zmniejsza się zróżnicowanie w rozwoju sektora bankowego pomiędzy krajami ESW. W latach 2008-2016 większości krajów regionu zmniejszyła także dystans w rozwoju sektora w stosunku do średniej w Unii Europejskiej.
Abstract	The main purpose of the article was to determine the level of development of the banking sector in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and compare it to the average level of the European Union and the euro area. The analysis covered variables concerning the size of the sector, availability of banking services, as well as economic efficiency and stability of the sector. The synthetic development index of the banking sector calculated on their basis shows that the diversification in the development of the banking sector between the CEE countries is diminishing. In 2008-2016, most of the region's countries have also reduced the distance in the development of the sector in relation to the average in the European Union.
Cytowanie	Chmiel J., Kata R. (2019) Rozwój sektora bankowego w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 21(70): 80-93
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2019_n70_s80.pdf

Autor	Arkadiusz Niedziółka
Tytuł	Ekonomiczno-społeczne uwarunkowania rozwoju usług turystycznychna obszarach wiejskich w wybranych gminach powiatu krakowskiego
Title	Economic and social determinants for the development of tourist services in rural areas in selected communes of the Krakow District
Słowa kluczowe	usługi turystyczne, obszary wiejskie, turystyka, agroturystyka
Key words	tourism services, rural areas, tourism, agritourist
Abstrakt	W opracowaniu przedstawiono najważniejsze ekonomiczno-społeczne uwarunkowania rozwoju usług turystyczno-rekreacyjnych na obszarach wiejskich powiatu krakowskiego według przedstawicieli wybranych samorządów gminnych. Materiał badawczy obejmował wyniki badań przeprowadzonych w sześciu z 17 gmin powiatu, posiadających najlepiej rozwiniętą infrastrukturę turystyczną oraz najatrakcyjniejsze walory przyrodnicze i kulturowe. Do badań wykorzystano kwestionariusz ankiety. Zawierał on pytania dotyczące czynników rozwoju usług turystyczno-rekreacyjnych w danej gminie oraz pytania związane z rolą władz lokalnych w tym procesie. Ankietę wypełnili specjaliści z samorządów, którzy zajmowali się promocją gminy oraz turystyką.
Abstract	In the article the most important economic and social determinants of tourism and recreational services in rural areas in Krakow District were presented according to representatives of selected municipal self-governments. The research material included the results of survey carried out in six from seventeen communes of the county, possessing the best developed tourist infrastructure as well as the most attractive natural and cultural values. The survey questionnaire was used for the research. It contained questions about the factors for the development of tourist and recreational services in a given commune and questions connected with the role of local authorities in this process. The survey was completed by specialists from local governments who dealt with the promotion of the commune and tourism.
Cytowanie	Niedziółka A.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2019_n11_s63.pdf

Autor	Barbara Kiełbasa, Daniela Popa, Aliona Sargo, Mariusz Trojak
Tytuł	New Approaches to Developing the Integral Indicator Methodology for Estimating the Financial Efficiency of Agricultural Entities in Poland, the Republic of Moldova, and EU Countries
Title	New Approaches to Developing the Integral Indicator Methodology for Estimating the Financial Efficiency of Agricultural Entities in Poland, the Republic of Moldova, and EU Countries
Słowa kluczowe	agro-sector, European Union, correlation and regression, financial efficiency, food product, financial economy, productivity & profitability, resource efficiency
Key words	agro-sector, European Union, correlation and regression, financial efficiency, food product, financial economy, productivity & profitability, resource efficiency
Abstrakt	Economic literature pays a great deal of attention to economic and financial efficiency, expressed in terms of competition, concentration, productivity and profitability. This paper provides an all-embracing framework for the various existing theories in this area and illustrates these theories with practical applications. Currently, changing the size of the production potential in agricultural units in the Republic of Moldova depends to a great extent on the influence of different trends in the modification of production resources: the reduction of labor resources and agricultural land, quantitative and qualitative changes in fixed assets, and in current assets, etc.The notion of resource potential means the totality of the volume of all resources (natural, labor, material, intellectual, information, etc.) on specific enterprises, territories, branches, regions. Evaluating a broad field of research, the paper describes profit maximizing food products and demonstrates how several widely-used products can be fit into this framework. The authors also present an overview of the current major trends in the food sector and relate them to the assumptions for food products, thereby displaying their relevance and timeliness. The results include a set of recommendations for future research on this topic.The design, methodology and approach of this research is to explain why efficiency can help obtain a profit surplus, and to measure this efficiency. For quality of methodology we apply a range of statistical methods, as well as the strategic capability of organisations – made up of resources and competences. One way to approach the stategic capability of an organisation is to consider its strengths and weaknesses (for example, where it has a competitive advantage, profit, efficiency or disadvantage). Based on our research and results, we sought to understand the concepts of financial effciency and to apply these concepts to practical situations. At the start of each analysis entrepreneurship plays an important role. Most organisations have to innovate constantly to obtain profit and efficiency for food products. They need to be first into a market, or simply a follower of customers in developing new products and services. Original studies in Moldova and Poland regarding farm concentration in terms of Gini Coefficient, Gini Index and Concentration Index of the utilized agricultural area. Original calculus formula to determine the Concentration Index of the UAA for the top 10% largest farms in Moldova and UK.
Abstract	Economic literature pays a great deal of attention to economic and financial efficiency, expressed in terms of competition, concentration, productivity and profitability. This paper provides an all-embracing framework for the various existing theories in this area and illustrates these theories with practical applications. Currently, changing the size of the production potential in agricultural units in the Republic of Moldova depends to a great extent on the influence of different trends in the modification of production resources: the reduction of labor resources and agricultural land, quantitative and qualitative changes in fixed assets, and in current assets, etc.The notion of resource potential means the totality of the volume of all resources (natural, labor, material, intellectual, information, etc.) on specific enterprises, territories, branches, regions. Evaluating a broad field of research, the paper describes profit maximizing food products and demonstrates how several widely-used products can be fit into this framework. The authors also present an overview of the current major trends in the food sector and relate them to the assumptions for food products, thereby displaying their relevance and timeliness. The results include a set of recommendations for future research on this topic.The design, methodology and approach of this research is to explain why efficiency can help obtain a profit surplus, and to measure this efficiency. For quality of methodology we apply a range of statistical methods, as well as the strategic capability of organisations – made up of resources and competences. One way to approach the stategic capability of an organisation is to consider its strengths and weaknesses (for example, where it has a competitive advantage, profit, efficiency or disadvantage). Based on our research and results, we sought to understand the concepts of financial effciency and to apply these concepts to practical situations. At the start of each analysis entrepreneurship plays an important role. Most organisations have to innovate constantly to obtain profit and efficiency for food products. They need to be first into a market, or simply a follower of customers in developing new products and services. Original studies in Moldova and Poland regarding farm concentration in terms of Gini Coefficient, Gini Index and Concentration Index of the utilized agricultural area. Original calculus formula to determine the Concentration Index of the UAA for the top 10% largest farms in Moldova and UK.
Cytowanie	Kiełbasa B., Popa D., Sargo A., Trojak M. (2019) New Approaches to Developing the Integral Indicator Methodology for Estimating the Financial Efficiency of Agricultural Entities in Poland, the Republic of Moldova, and EU Countries.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 4: 103-112
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n4_s103.pdf

Autor	Paweł Jankowski, Agnieszka Tul-Krzyszczuk
Tytuł	The Impact of Innovation on the Global Competitiveness of Polish Meat and Dairy Enterprises
Title	The Impact of Innovation on the Global Competitiveness of Polish Meat and Dairy Enterprises
Słowa kluczowe	innovation, competitiveness, meat, dairy, enterprise, global market, Poland
Key words	innovation, competitiveness, meat, dairy, enterprise, global market, Poland
Abstrakt	The aim of the study was to analyse innovations implemented in the milk and meat industries, and their impact on increasing competitiveness. The study showed that the 2010-12 period saw the most product and process innovations being introduced. On the other hand, innovations in marketing were found to be more popular in 2013. Three groups of similar innovations were distinguished. The milk industry stood out when it comes to the extent of innovations implemented. Fewer innovations were found in the poultry meat industry. Beef and pork meat processing was the least innovative. The innovativeness of enterprises is greater with larger numbers of employees and the increase in scope of their field of operation. The implementation of innovations resulted in: improvement of the quality of goods (services), increase in stock, productive capabilities and revenues from sales, emergence of new markets, increase in competitiveness and prestige of the firm. Those are confirmed by the very good performance of foreign trade and better competitiveness rates of Polish meat producers.
Abstract	The aim of the study was to analyse innovations implemented in the milk and meat industries, and their impact on increasing competitiveness. The study showed that the 2010-12 period saw the most product and process innovations being introduced. On the other hand, innovations in marketing were found to be more popular in 2013. Three groups of similar innovations were distinguished. The milk industry stood out when it comes to the extent of innovations implemented. Fewer innovations were found in the poultry meat industry. Beef and pork meat processing was the least innovative. The innovativeness of enterprises is greater with larger numbers of employees and the increase in scope of their field of operation. The implementation of innovations resulted in: improvement of the quality of goods (services), increase in stock, productive capabilities and revenues from sales, emergence of new markets, increase in competitiveness and prestige of the firm. Those are confirmed by the very good performance of foreign trade and better competitiveness rates of Polish meat producers.
Cytowanie	Jankowski P., Tul-Krzyszczuk A. (2019) The Impact of Innovation on the Global Competitiveness of Polish Meat and Dairy Enterprises.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 1: 120-132
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s120.pdf

Autor	Karol Sołek, Bogusław Ślusarczyk
Tytuł	THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL AREAS IN PODKARPACKIE PROVINCE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	entrepreneurship, rural areas, enterprise, Podkarapckie province, development
Key words
Abstrakt	The study is devoted to the diagnosis of entrepreneurship development in rural areas.The aim of the work is to analyze and evaluate the dynamics and directions ofentrepreneurship development in rural areas of the Podkarpackie province as well as toidentify changes and trends as well to present the strengths and weaknesses of rural areas inthe studied area. On the basis of the conducted research, it can be concluded that the numberof business entities in rural areas is systematically growing, and forecasts indicate furtherdevelopment. Assessment of directions and dynamics of entrepreneurship development basedon the number of entities by selected NACE sections in 2009-2017 showed no significantvariation in trends in all counties the trends are similar. The largest growth dynamics relat tocommunication and information services on, the real estate market as well as rental servicesfor buildings, machines or devices, job market mediation, tourist services, detective orsecurity services, maintenance of cleanliness and order, development of green areas, andoffice administration. In turn, industries such as agriculture, forestry, hunting and fishing,wholesale and retail trade, vehicle repairs, financial and insurance activities werecharacterized by a reverse tendency - a systematic decline in the number of business entitiesoccurred. The remaining sections of PKD maintained a stable, unchanging level.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Sołek K., Ślusarczyk B.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2019_n3_s131.pdf

Autor	Małgorzata Bogusz
Tytuł	Zarządzanie produktami turystycznymi na przykładzie lokalnych grup działania
Title	Management of tourist products on the example of local action groups
Słowa kluczowe	turystyka na obszarach wiejskich, produkt turystyczny, lokalna grupa działania
Key words	tourism in rural areas, tourist product, Local Action Group
Abstrakt	Produktem turystycznym są wszystkie dobra i usługi nabywane przez turystów, jak i walory turystyczne, z których korzystają, a które są dla nich szczególnym przedmiotem zainteresowania. Celem opracowania było dokonanie charakterystyki i oceny produktów turystycznych powstałych oraz zarządzanych przy współpracy z lokalnymi grupami działania. W opracowaniu wykorzystano źródła wtórne. W części empirycznej dokonano analizy stron internetowych lokalnych grup działania, na których podstawie wytypowano trzy przykłady produktów turystycznych powstałych przy wsparciu lokalnych grup działania. Uzyskane wyniki badań, jednoznacznie wskazują na zaangażowanie lokalnych grup działania w rozwój turystyki na obszarach ich działalności, a opisane produkty mogą stanowić przykład na stworzenie marki danego regionu, przy jednoczesnym wykorzystaniu zasobów przyrodniczych, krajobrazowych oraz kulturowych i zaangażowaniu lokalnej społeczności.
Abstract	A tourist product is all goods and services purchased by tourists, as well as tourist values that they use and which are of particular interest to them. The purpose of the study was to characterize and evaluate tourism products created and managed in cooperation with Local Action Groups. Secondary sources were used in the study. In the empirical part, the websites of local action groups were analyzed, based on which three examples of tourist products created with the support of Local Action Groups were selected.Obtained research results clearly indicate the involvement of Local Action Groups in the development of tourism in their areas of activity, and the described products can be an example of creating a brand of a given region, while using natural, landscape and cultural resources, and the involvement of the local community.
Cytowanie	Bogusz M.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2019_n11_s5.pdf