Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 2021 21(36) (1)

Autor	Jamiu Hussayn, Ogheneruemu Obi-Egbedi, Isaac Oluwatayo,
Tytuł	Trade Liberalization Policy and Competitiveness of Cocoa Beans Exports in Nigeria (1961-2017)
Title	Trade Liberalization Policy and Competitiveness of Cocoa Beans Exports in Nigeria (1961-2017)
Słowa kluczowe	cocoa, competitiveness, market share, trade liberalization policy and vector error correction model
Key words	cocoa, competitiveness, market share, trade liberalization policy and vector error correction model
Abstrakt	The cocoa sector in Nigeria has experienced decline in production, yield, exports coupled with its inability to attain global standards and targets and, gradual loss of competitiveness at the world market. Trade liberalization was government’s panacea to the sector’s problem although, cocoa competitiveness remains an issue since liberalization. Therefore, the relationship between trade liberalization policy and competitiveness of Nigeria’s cocoa exports was examined in this study using data for the period 1961-2017. Cocoa market share was used to measure competitiveness while analytical tools employed were: ADF test, Johansen co-integration test and the vector error correction model (VECM). Market share, quantity of cocoa export and inflation rate were stationary at original level while others, at first difference. The co-integration test showed seven co-integrating equations. Trade liberalization policy was found to be an important driver of competitiveness. In addition, area harvested, production quantity and export quantity positively influenced competitiveness while world price of cocoa, interest rate on agricultural loans, exchange rate and trade liberalization influenced negatively. Therefore, appropriate trade policy formulation and implementation is recommended while, specific attention should be paid to monetary policies and cocoa production by the government.
Abstract	The cocoa sector in Nigeria has experienced decline in production, yield, exports coupled with its inability to attain global standards and targets and, gradual loss of competitiveness at the world market. Trade liberalization was government’s panacea to the sector’s problem although, cocoa competitiveness remains an issue since liberalization. Therefore, the relationship between trade liberalization policy and competitiveness of Nigeria’s cocoa exports was examined in this study using data for the period 1961-2017. Cocoa market share was used to measure competitiveness while analytical tools employed were: ADF test, Johansen co-integration test and the vector error correction model (VECM). Market share, quantity of cocoa export and inflation rate were stationary at original level while others, at first difference. The co-integration test showed seven co-integrating equations. Trade liberalization policy was found to be an important driver of competitiveness. In addition, area harvested, production quantity and export quantity positively influenced competitiveness while world price of cocoa, interest rate on agricultural loans, exchange rate and trade liberalization influenced negatively. Therefore, appropriate trade policy formulation and implementation is recommended while, specific attention should be paid to monetary policies and cocoa production by the government.
Cytowanie	Hussayn J., Obi-Egbedi O., Oluwatayo I. (2021) Trade Liberalization Policy and Competitiveness of Cocoa Beans Exports in Nigeria (1961-2017).Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 1: 4-15
Pełny tekst	PRS_2021_T21(36)_n1_s4.pdf
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DOI	10.22630/PRS.2021.21.1.1

Autor	Dorota Pasińska,
Tytuł	Handel zagraniczny produktami mięsnymi Polski z Japonią w latach 2004-2019
Title	Foreign Trade in Meat Products between Poland and Japan in 2004-2019
Słowa kluczowe	eksport, import, Japonia, bariery pozataryfowe, produkty mięsne
Key words	export, import, Japan, non-tariff barriers, meat products
Abstrakt	Głównym celem artykułu jest charakterystyka zmian w handlu zagranicznym produktami mięsnymi Polski z Japonią w latach 2004-2019. Zastosowano następujące metody: analiza porównawcza w czasie eksportu produktów mięsnych oraz wchodzących w jej skład głównych grup produktowych, analiza struktury towarowej tego eksportu. Otrzymane wyniki mogą być wykorzystane przez różnych uczestników łańcucha dostaw (np. przetwórców czy handel), mogą stanowić wsparcie nie tylko dla polityki gospodarczej państwa w zakresie kształtowania relacji handlowych, ale także dla przedsiębiorstw eksportujących, które są zainteresowane określeniem swojej pozycji konkurencyjnej na rynku (np. mogą oszacować swój udział w eksporcie do Japonii określonych grup asortymentowych) czy rozważyć ewentualne uplasowanie swoich produktów na tym rynku. W badaniach wykorzystano dane OECD, ITC Trade Map i niepublikowane dane roczne dotyczące eksportu i importu Ministerstwa Finansów z lat 2004-2019.
Abstract	The main purpose of the article is to describe the changes in foreign trade in meat products between Poland and Japan in the years 2004-2019. The following methods were used: comparative analysis over time of the export of meat products and its main product groups, analysis of the commodity structure of these exports. The obtained results can be implemented by various participants in the supply chain (e.g. processors or trade), they may support not only the economic policy of the state in terms of shaping trade relations, but also exporting enterprises interested in determining their competitive position market (e.g. they can estimate their share in exports to Japan of certain product groups) or consider the possible placement of their products on this market. The research used OECD, ITC Trade Map data and unpublished annual data on exports and imports of the Ministry of Finance from 2004 to 2019.
Cytowanie	Pasińska D. (2021) Handel zagraniczny produktami mięsnymi Polski z Japonią w latach 2004-2019.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 1: 16-32
Pełny tekst	PRS_2021_T21(36)_n1_s16.pdf
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DOI	10.22630/PRS.2021.21.1.2

Autor	Aneta Mikuła, Stanisław Stańko,
Tytuł	Zmiany w produkcji, handlu zagranicznym i zużyciu krajowym ziemniaków w Polsce w latach 2001-2019
Title	Changes in the Production, Foreign Trade and Domestic Consumption of Potatoes in Poland in 2001-2019
Słowa kluczowe	ziemniak, produkcja, import, eksport
Key words	potato, production, imports export
Abstrakt	Przedmiotem analizy była produkcja ziemniaków, zużycie krajowe i obroty handlu zagranicznego (eksport i import) w Polsce w latach 2001-2019. W oparciu o wyniki analiz określono średniookresową projekcję (na 2025 r.) obejmującą produkcję, kierunki wykorzystania w kraju i obroty handlu zagranicznego ziemniakami i ich przetworami. Analizowane dane pochodziły z GUS oraz IERiGŻ-PIB. Produkcja ziemniaków w Polsce w latach 2001-2019 charakteryzowała się tendencją spadkową. Wolniejszy spadek zbiorów niż powierzchni wynikał z poprawy plonowania. W zużyciu krajowym występowały różnokierunkowe tendencje: spadkowa w spożyciu ziemniaków ogółem, w eksporcie ziemniaków nieprzetworzonych, w przetwórstwie w gorzelnictwie i w stratach w przechowalnictwie oraz wzrostowa w przetwórstwie spożywczym i pozostałym przemysłowym. W handlu zagranicznym zaobserwowano poprawę dodatniego salda handlu przetworami z ziemniaków oraz pogłębianie się ujemnego salda handlu ziemniakami. Z projekcji rozwoju na 2025 r. wynika, że produkcja ziemniaków w Polsce może wynosić 7250- 7540 tys. t, a zapotrzebowanie - 7430-7570 tys. t. Import niezbędny ziemniaków świeżych może wynosić rocznie 30-180 tys. t.
Abstract	The subject of the analysis was potato production, domestic consumption and foreign trade turnover (export and import) in Poland in 2001-2019. Based on the results of the analyzes, a medium-term projection (for 2025) was defined, covering production, directions of domestic use and foreign trade turnover of potatoes and their products. The analyzed data came from the Central Statistical Office and Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics- National Research Institute. Potato production in Poland in 2001-2019 was characterized by a downward trend. The slower drop in the harvest than in the area was due to the improvement in yield. There were various trends in domestic consumption: a decrease in total potato consumption, in the export of unprocessed potatoes, in processing in distilling and losses in storage, and an increase in food processing and other industrial processing. In foreign trade, an improvement in the positive balance of trade in potato products and a deepening of the negative trade balance in potatoes was observed. The development projection for 2025 shows that the production of potatoes in Poland may amount to 7,250,000- 7,540,000 thousand tonnes, and the demand – 7430 7570 thousand tonnes. The necessary import of fresh potatoes can amount to 30-180 thousand tonnes annually.
Cytowanie	Mikuła A., Stańko S. (2021) Zmiany w produkcji, handlu zagranicznym i zużyciu krajowym ziemniaków w Polsce w latach 2001-2019.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 1: 33-51
Pełny tekst	PRS_2021_T21(36)_n1_s33.pdf
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DOI	10.22630/PRS.2021.21.1.3

Autor	Oladimeji Oladele, Danlami Yakubu,
Tytuł	Determinants of Use of Climate Change Adaptation Practices by Rice Farmers in Kebbi State, North-West Nigeria
Title	Determinants of Use of Climate Change Adaptation Practices by Rice Farmers in Kebbi State, North-West Nigeria
Słowa kluczowe	climate change, smallholder farmers, Nigeria, climate adaptation, adoption, livelihoods
Key words	climate change, smallholder farmers, Nigeria, climate adaptation, adoption, livelihoods
Abstrakt	Rice productivity and sustainability are threatened by both biotic and abiotic stresses, the effects of which can be further aggravated by dramatic changes in global climate. The most viable option for rice farmers is to use climate change adaptation practices. This study therefore investigated the determinants of use of climate change adaptation practices among rice farmers in Kebbi State, North-West, Nigeria. Data were collected from a sample of 279 farmers selected using a multistage sampling procedure. The results of the data analysis revealed that the farmers used improved rice varieties, intercropping, recommended rates of fertilizers and other chemicals as climate change adaptation practices among others. Education, climate change awareness, and extension contact significantly influenced the use of climate change adaptation practices among the farmers. Other determinants of use of climate change adaptation practices among the farmers were years of cooperative membership, affordability, farming experience, weather information and farm size. It was concluded that use of climate change adaptation practices was determined by socioeconomic, institutional and technological characteristics. It is recommended among others that government policy should be geared towards encouraging the farmers especially the younger ones to acquire more formal education, larger farmlands and more climate change awareness.
Abstract	Rice productivity and sustainability are threatened by both biotic and abiotic stresses, the effects of which can be further aggravated by dramatic changes in global climate. The most viable option for rice farmers is to use climate change adaptation practices. This study therefore investigated the determinants of use of climate change adaptation practices among rice farmers in Kebbi State, North-West, Nigeria. Data were collected from a sample of 279 farmers selected using a multistage sampling procedure. The results of the data analysis revealed that the farmers used improved rice varieties, intercropping, recommended rates of fertilizers and other chemicals as climate change adaptation practices among others. Education, climate change awareness, and extension contact significantly influenced the use of climate change adaptation practices among the farmers. Other determinants of use of climate change adaptation practices among the farmers were years of cooperative membership, affordability, farming experience, weather information and farm size. It was concluded that use of climate change adaptation practices was determined by socioeconomic, institutional and technological characteristics. It is recommended among others that government policy should be geared towards encouraging the farmers especially the younger ones to acquire more formal education, larger farmlands and more climate change awareness.
Cytowanie	Oladele O., Yakubu D. (2021) Determinants of Use of Climate Change Adaptation Practices by Rice Farmers in Kebbi State, North-West Nigeria.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 1: 52-69
Pełny tekst	PRS_2021_T21(36)_n1_s52.pdf
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DOI	10.22630/PRS.2021.21.1.4