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Autor	Marcin Łupiński, Piotr Misztal
Tytuł	Czy polskie banki są stabilne? Analiza ryzyka systemowego
Title	ARE POLISH BANKS STABLE? A SYSTEMIC RISK ANALYSIS
Słowa kluczowe	stabilność finansowa, ryzyko systemowe, model sieci
Key words	financial stability, systemic risk, network model, banking system
Abstrakt	Kryzys finansowy 2007+ ujawnił braki w reakcji decydentów politycznych na ryzyko systemowe. Okazało się, że nie tylko upadki poszczególnych banków, ale także negatywne efekty zewnętrzne wśród podmiotów mogą spowodować poważne zagrożenie dla sektora finansowego. W ciągu ostatnich 10 lat podjęto wiele międzynarodowych i krajowych inicjatyw mających na celu wzmocnienie stabilności systemu finansowego, wprowadzając perspektywę makroostrożnościową do nadzoru finansowego. Jednak ostatnie pandemie COVID19 okazały się poważnym negatywnym szokiem dla wielu gospodarek i ich sektorów finansowych. W niniejszym artykule, wykorzystując model sieciowy, staramy się przeanalizować, w jaki sposób te nieoczekiwane wydarzenia wpłynęły na polski sektor bankowy z ryzykiem systemowym. W celu analizy stabilności polskich banków opracowaliśmy formalne ramy testów warunków skrajnych oparte na modelu sieciowym, które umożliwiły identyfikację, modelowanie i pomiar ryzyka systemowego. Staraliśmy się zintegrować analizę czasu i przekrojowego charakteru ryzyka systemowego.
Abstract	The financial crisis that began in 2007 pointed out deficiencies in policy-makers’ responses to systemic risk. It turned out that not only individual bank insolvencies but also spillovers from negative externalities among entities can cause serious threats to the financial sector. During the last 10 years, many international and national initiatives were taken to strengthen the soundness of the financial system, introducing a macroprudential perspective to financial supervision. However, the recent COVID19 pandemic resulted in a serious negative shock for many economies and their financial sectors. In this paper, using the network model we try to analyse how these recent unexpected developments affected the Polish banking sector with systemic risk. To analyse Polish bank stability we developed a formal stress-testing framework based on the network model that allowed systemic risk identification, modelling and measurement. We tried to integrate analysis of time and the cross-sectional nature of systemic risk.
Cytowanie	Łupiński M., Misztal P. (2022) Czy polskie banki są stabilne? Analiza ryzyka systemowego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 27(76): 68-79
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2022_n76_s68.pdf

Autor	Jamiu Hussayn, Ogheneruemu Obi-Egbedi, Isaac Oluwatayo
Tytuł	Trade Liberalization Policy and Competitiveness of Cocoa Beans Exports in Nigeria (1961-2017)
Title	Trade Liberalization Policy and Competitiveness of Cocoa Beans Exports in Nigeria (1961-2017)
Słowa kluczowe	cocoa, competitiveness, market share, trade liberalization policy and vector error correction model
Key words	cocoa, competitiveness, market share, trade liberalization policy and vector error correction model
Abstrakt	The cocoa sector in Nigeria has experienced decline in production, yield, exports coupled with its inability to attain global standards and targets and, gradual loss of competitiveness at the world market. Trade liberalization was government’s panacea to the sector’s problem although, cocoa competitiveness remains an issue since liberalization. Therefore, the relationship between trade liberalization policy and competitiveness of Nigeria’s cocoa exports was examined in this study using data for the period 1961-2017. Cocoa market share was used to measure competitiveness while analytical tools employed were: ADF test, Johansen co-integration test and the vector error correction model (VECM). Market share, quantity of cocoa export and inflation rate were stationary at original level while others, at first difference. The co-integration test showed seven co-integrating equations. Trade liberalization policy was found to be an important driver of competitiveness. In addition, area harvested, production quantity and export quantity positively influenced competitiveness while world price of cocoa, interest rate on agricultural loans, exchange rate and trade liberalization influenced negatively. Therefore, appropriate trade policy formulation and implementation is recommended while, specific attention should be paid to monetary policies and cocoa production by the government.
Abstract	The cocoa sector in Nigeria has experienced decline in production, yield, exports coupled with its inability to attain global standards and targets and, gradual loss of competitiveness at the world market. Trade liberalization was government’s panacea to the sector’s problem although, cocoa competitiveness remains an issue since liberalization. Therefore, the relationship between trade liberalization policy and competitiveness of Nigeria’s cocoa exports was examined in this study using data for the period 1961-2017. Cocoa market share was used to measure competitiveness while analytical tools employed were: ADF test, Johansen co-integration test and the vector error correction model (VECM). Market share, quantity of cocoa export and inflation rate were stationary at original level while others, at first difference. The co-integration test showed seven co-integrating equations. Trade liberalization policy was found to be an important driver of competitiveness. In addition, area harvested, production quantity and export quantity positively influenced competitiveness while world price of cocoa, interest rate on agricultural loans, exchange rate and trade liberalization influenced negatively. Therefore, appropriate trade policy formulation and implementation is recommended while, specific attention should be paid to monetary policies and cocoa production by the government.
Cytowanie	Hussayn J., Obi-Egbedi O., Oluwatayo I. (2021) Trade Liberalization Policy and Competitiveness of Cocoa Beans Exports in Nigeria (1961-2017).Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 1: 4-15
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2021_T21(36)_n1_s4.pdf

Autor	Amurtiya Michael, Shuaibu Mshelia, Justice Onu, Samuel Upev
Tytuł	Poverty and its Alleviating Strategies among Rural Farming Households in Benue State, Nigeria
Title	Poverty and its Alleviating Strategies among Rural Farming Households in Benue State, Nigeria
Słowa kluczowe	poverty, alleviating strategies, rural, farming household, Nigeria
Key words	poverty, alleviating strategies, rural, farming household, Nigeria
Abstrakt	The study analysed rural farming households’ poverty status and alleviating strategies in Benue State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were to: describes the rural household heads’ socio-economic characteristics; determine the poverty status of the respondents and its determinants; and identify poverty alleviating strategies of the respondents. Data for the study was collected from 420 respondents selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke poverty measurement index, and the Binary Logistic regression model. The findings of the study revealed a very high incidence of poverty (70%), having a gap of 0.34, and severity of 0.17. Poverty in the area is positively associated with the age of the household head and household size, while gender, educational level, off-farm activity, membership of a group, farm size, and land ownership are negatively associated with poverty. The common poverty alleviation strategies identified were agricultural wage labour (48.6%), rental services (45.0%), and transportation business (36.7%). Therefore, it was recommended that the government and other stakeholders should initiate sustainable social protection schemes that can assist rural residents in alleviating poverty until their condition improves.
Abstract	The study analysed rural farming households’ poverty status and alleviating strategies in Benue State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were to: describes the rural household heads’ socio-economic characteristics; determine the poverty status of the respondents and its determinants; and identify poverty alleviating strategies of the respondents. Data for the study was collected from 420 respondents selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke poverty measurement index, and the Binary Logistic regression model. The findings of the study revealed a very high incidence of poverty (70%), having a gap of 0.34, and severity of 0.17. Poverty in the area is positively associated with the age of the household head and household size, while gender, educational level, off-farm activity, membership of a group, farm size, and land ownership are negatively associated with poverty. The common poverty alleviation strategies identified were agricultural wage labour (48.6%), rental services (45.0%), and transportation business (36.7%). Therefore, it was recommended that the government and other stakeholders should initiate sustainable social protection schemes that can assist rural residents in alleviating poverty until their condition improves.
Cytowanie	Michael A., Mshelia S., Onu J., Upev S. (2021) Poverty and its Alleviating Strategies among Rural Farming Households in Benue State, Nigeria.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 2: 33-44
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2021_T21(36)_n2_s33.pdf

Autor	Arkadiusz Gralak
Tytuł	Wdrażanie modelu gospodarczego opartego na obiegu zamkniętym w biogospodarce
Title	Implementing a Closed-Loop Economic Model in the Bioeconomy
Słowa kluczowe	biogospodarka, gospodarka w obiegu zamkniętym, biogospodarka cyrkularna, cyrkularne modele biznesowe
Key words	bioeconomy, circular economy, circular bioeconomy, circular business models
Abstrakt	Wdrażanie rozwiązań z zakresu biogospodarki cyrkularnej jest zagadnieniem złożonym. Wymaga to dobrej znajomości koncepcji, różnych procesów gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym i ich oczekiwanych skutków dla sektorów oraz łańcuchów wartości. Jednak badania nad gospodarką o obiegu zamkniętym wydają się być fragmentaryczne w różnych dyscyplinach i często istnieją różne perspektywy interpretacji tego pojęcia i powiązanych aspektów, które należy ocenić. Niniejszy artykuł zawiera przegląd literatury na temat biogospodarki i gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym w celu lepszego zrozumienia tej koncepcji, a także jej różnych wymiarów i oczekiwanych skutków. Celem artykułu jest zarysowanie koncepcji biogospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym wraz z przedstawieniem głównych uwarunkowań jej wdrażania. Przedstawiono wybrane inicjatywy polityczne na rzecz wdrażania koncepcji gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym w sektorze biogospodarki oraz modele biznesowe dedykowane dla rozwiązań biogospodarczych.
Abstract	Implementing circular bioeconomy solutions is a complex issue. It requires a good knowledge of the concepts, the different processes of the circular economy and their expected impacts on sectors and value chains. However, research on the circular economy appears to be fragmented across disciplines and there are often different perspectives on the interpretation of the concept and related aspects to be assessed. This article reviews the literature on bioeconomy and closed-loop economy to better understand the concept, as well as its different dimensions and expected impacts. The aim of the article is to outline the concept of a circular bioeconomy along with a presentation of the main considerations for its implementation. Selected policy initiatives for the implementation of the closed-loop bioeconomy concept in the bioeconomy sector and business models dedicated to bioeconomy solutions are presented.
Cytowanie	Gralak A. (2021) Wdrażanie modelu gospodarczego opartego na obiegu zamkniętym w biogospodarce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 3: 24-40
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2021_T21(36)_n3_s24.pdf

Autor	Katarzyna Gabryjończyk, Piotr Gabryjończyk
Tytuł	Zmiany stopnia wykorzystania turystycznych obiektów noclegowych w okresie zwalczania pandemii COVID-19 w Polsce
Title
Słowa kluczowe	turystyka, stopień wykorzystania turystycznych obiektów noclegowych, ryzyko zmian prawnych, obostrzenia, pandemia COVID-19
Key words
Abstrakt	Celem artykułu jest poznanie zmiany stopnia wykorzystania turystycznych obiektów noclegowych w Polsce w okresie zwalczania pandemii COVID-19 (rok 2020) względem lat poprzedzających pojawienie się koronawirusa (2016–2019). Wykorzystaną metodą badawczą była analiza literatury oraz danych statystycznych publikowanych przez GUS. Zaobserwowane zmiany przedstawiono na tle wprowadzanych i znoszonych w 2020 r. w poszczególnych obszarach życia społecznego i gospodarczego obostrzeń. Uzyskane wyniki pozwoliły stwierdzić, że negatywne przekształcenia w zakresie wielkości ruchu turystycznego były najsilniejsze w czasie obowiązywania największych restrykcji, z wyraźnie zarysowanym szczytem w pierwszym okresie zwalczania COVID-19. Zaobserwowano także, że zmiany te dotyczyły w większym stopniu zagranicznej turystyki przyjazdowej, sytuacja pandemiczna zmieniła zaś wybory turystów krajowych w zakresie czasu i modelu wypoczynku.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Gabryjończyk K., Gabryjończyk P.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2021_n15_s43.pdf

Autor	Anna Twardowska
Tytuł	Wyrównywanie się cen gruntów rolnych w krajach Unii Europejskiej
Title	Equalization of Agricultural Land Prices in the European Union Countries
Słowa kluczowe	beta-konwergencja, ceny ziemi rolnej, Unia Europejska
Key words	beta-convergence, agricultural land prices, European Union
Abstrakt	W artykule poruszono problematykę związaną z kształtowaniem się cen ziemi rolniczej w krajach Unii Europejskiej. Poddano weryfikacji hipotezę dotyczącą występowania beta-konwergencji absolutnej cen ziemi rolnej wśród 20 wybranych państw UE. Badania przeprowadzono dla lat 2006 – 2017 z wykorzystaniem modeli absolutnej konwergencji typu beta opartych na danych przestrzennych. Uzyskane wyniki badań potwierdzają występowanie tzw. efektu doganiania na rynku cen ziemi rolnej w Unii Europejskiej. Tym samym w krajach, w których początkowo stwierdzono niższy poziom cen ziemi rolnej następuje szybszy wzrost cen, niż w krajach o początkowo wyższym ich poziomie.
Abstract	The paper deals with issues related to the development of agricultural land prices in the countries of the European Union. The hypothesis regarding absolute beta-convergence of agricultural land prices among 20 selected EU countries was verified. The research was carried out for the years 2006 - 2017 using absolute beta convergence models based on spatial data. Obtained test results confirm the occurrence of so-called the effect of catching up on the agricultural land market in the European Union. Thus, in countries where initially a lower level of agricultural land prices were found, there is a faster increase in prices than in countries with initially higher levels.
Cytowanie	Twardowska A. (2020) Wyrównywanie się cen gruntów rolnych w krajach Unii Europejskiej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 20(35), z. 1: 67-77
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2020_T20(35)_n1_s67.pdf

Autor	Agnieszka Strzelecka, Danuta Zawadzka
Tytuł	Factors determining the tendency of rural households in Central Pomerania to save – PILOT study results
Title	Czynniki determinujące skłonność wiejskich gospodarstw domowych Pomorza Środkowego do oszczędzania - wyniki badania pilotażowego
Słowa kluczowe	rural household, propensity to save, income, Central Pomerania, Poland.
Key words	wiejskie gospodarstwo domowe, skłonność do oszczędzania, dochód, Pomorze Środkowe, Polska.
Abstrakt	The aim of this research is to identify factors affecting the propensity of rural households to save, on the example of 100 entities in Central Pomerania, based on pilot studies (direct questionnaire technique) using the logistic regression model. The study assumes that the dependent variable is the occurrence of savings in the household in 2018. The selection of independent variables for the logistic regression model was made on the basis of literature studies. The results of the analysis confirmed that statistically significant parameters for the variables were: average monthly net income per one person in the household, diversification of the income sources and the share of expenses on food and non-alcoholic beverages in total household consumption expenditure. The first two parameters increase the probability of saving by rural households of Central Pomerania. The last of these parameters reduces the chance of deferring consumption through savings.
Abstract	Celem badań jest identyfikacja czynników wpływających na skłonność do oszczędzania wiejskich gospodarstw domowych na przykładzie 100 podmiotów na terenie Pomorza Środkowego, w oparciu o wykonane badania pilotażowe (technika ankiety bezpośredniej), przy zastosowaniu modelu regresji logistycznej. W badaniu przyjęto, iż zmienną zależną jest występowanie oszczędności w gospodarstwie domowym w 2018 roku. Doboru zmiennych niezależnych do budowy modelu regresji logistycznej dokonano na podstawie przeprowadzonych studiów literaturowych. Wyniki analiz potwierdziły, iż statystycznie istotnymi parametrami przy zmiennych okazały się: przeciętny miesięczny dochód netto na jedną osobę w gospodarstwie domowym, dywersyfikacja źródeł utrzymania oraz udział wydatków na żywność i napoje bezalkoholowe w wydatkach konsumpcyjnych ogółem gospodarstwa domowego. Dwa pierwsze parametry zwiększają prawdopodobieństwo oszczędzania przez wiejskie gospodarstw domowe Pomorza Środkowego. Ostatni z wymienionych parametrów zmniejsza szansę na odroczenie konsumpcji w czasie w drodze oszczędności.
Cytowanie	Strzelecka A., Zawadzka D. (2020) Factors determining the tendency of rural households in Central Pomerania to save – PILOT study results.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 23(72): 180-190
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2020_n72_s180.pdf

Autor	Anna Kondak, Adrian Konior, Beata Tarczydło
Tytuł	SELECTED UNDERTAKINGS OF SHARING TRANSPORT SERVICES BY CONTEMPORARY CONSUMERS: RESEARCH RESULTS
Title	Wybrane przedsięwzięcia współdzielonych przez współczesnych konsumentów usług transportowych. Wyniki badań
Słowa kluczowe	consumers behaviour, sharing services and/or products, sharing economy, sharing transport services in the Polish market, case studies, research results and recommendations.
Key words	zachowania konsumentów, współdzielenie usług i/lub produktów, ekonomia współdzielenia, przedsięwzięcia współdzielenia usług transportowych z rynku polskiego, studia przypadków, rezultaty badań i rekomendacje.
Abstrakt	The primary objective of the paper is to discuss examples of sharing transport services in the Polish market as manifestations of the application of the idea of the sharing economy by contemporary consumers. Based on the essence of the considered concept and/or economy model, a review of previous studies was made and subjects for the authors’ own research were selected. The case study and online survey methods were used. In particular, services offered under the Traficar, Uber, and Wavelo brands were analysed. The research that was conducted made it possible to identify the determinants, as well as the advantages and disadvantages, of this type of market practice. It also allowed to develop certain recommendations for marketers interested in the methodical application of sharing services and/or products.
Abstract	Celem głównym opracowania było omówienie przykładów współdzielenia przez współczesnych konsumentów usług transportowych z rynku polskiego jako przejawu zastosowania idei ekonomii współdzielenia. Wychodząc od istoty uwzględnianej koncepcji i/lub modelu gospodarki, dokonano przeglądu dotychczasowych badań i wybrano obiekty do badań własnych autorów opracowania. Zastosowano metody studiów przypadków i ankietę internetową. W szczególności objęto analizą przedsięwzięcia oferowane pod markami Traficar, Uber i Wavelo. Przeprowadzone badania umożliwiły zidentyfikowanie uwarunkowań oraz zalet i wad tego typu praktyk rynkowych. Pozwoliły także na wypracowanie pewnych rekomendacji dla marketerów zainteresowanych metodycznym wdrażaniem współdzielenia usług i/lub produktów.
Cytowanie	Kondak A., Konior A., Tarczydło B. (2020) SELECTED UNDERTAKINGS OF SHARING TRANSPORT SERVICES BY CONTEMPORARY CONSUMERS: RESEARCH RESULTS.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 23(72): 222-236
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2020_n72_s222.pdf

Autor	Mekonnen Yitayaw
Tytuł	Effect of Outreach on Financial Sustainability and Profitability of Saving and Credit Cooperatives in Eastern Ethiopia
Title	Effect of Outreach on Financial Sustainability and Profitability of Saving and Credit Cooperatives in Eastern Ethiopia
Słowa kluczowe	Eastern Ethiopia; financial sustainability; outreach; profitability; SACCOs
Key words	Eastern Ethiopia; financial sustainability; outreach; profitability; SACCOs
Abstrakt	This study scrutinized the effect of outreach on financial sustainability and profitability of SACCOs in Eastern Ethiopia using balanced panel data from 33 SACCOs over the period of 2017-2019. Quantitative approach and explanatory design were employed to realize the stated objective. This study used secondary data sources, mainly audited financial statement of the SACCOs, in the study period. The analysis revealed that SACCOs in Eastern Ethiopia are profitable but not financially sustainable. Random effect model results show that gross loan to asset ratio, yield on gross loan portfolio, managerial and operational efficiency has statistically significant and positive effect on the financial sustainability of SACCOs, while average loan size has statistically significant but negative effect. Likewise, gross loan to asset ratio, managerial efficiency, and average loan size has statistically significant and positive effect on the profitability of SACCOs in Eastern Ethiopia. However, the portion of women borrowers and number of active borrowers has statistically significant but negative effect on the profitability of the SACCOs in the study area. Finally, the study suggests that increasing the number of borrowing clients and sales volume (loan portfolio) could benefit SACCOs in Eastern Ethiopia from economics of scale.
Abstract	This study scrutinized the effect of outreach on financial sustainability and profitability of SACCOs in Eastern Ethiopia using balanced panel data from 33 SACCOs over the period of 2017-2019. Quantitative approach and explanatory design were employed to realize the stated objective. This study used secondary data sources, mainly audited financial statement of the SACCOs, in the study period. The analysis revealed that SACCOs in Eastern Ethiopia are profitable but not financially sustainable. Random effect model results show that gross loan to asset ratio, yield on gross loan portfolio, managerial and operational efficiency has statistically significant and positive effect on the financial sustainability of SACCOs, while average loan size has statistically significant but negative effect. Likewise, gross loan to asset ratio, managerial efficiency, and average loan size has statistically significant and positive effect on the profitability of SACCOs in Eastern Ethiopia. However, the portion of women borrowers and number of active borrowers has statistically significant but negative effect on the profitability of the SACCOs in the study area. Finally, the study suggests that increasing the number of borrowing clients and sales volume (loan portfolio) could benefit SACCOs in Eastern Ethiopia from economics of scale.
Cytowanie	Yitayaw M. (2020) Effect of Outreach on Financial Sustainability and Profitability of Saving and Credit Cooperatives in Eastern Ethiopia.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 20(35), z. 2: 51-69
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2020_T20(35)_n2_s51.pdf

Autor	Тetiana Bilushchak, Sofia Kolos
Tytuł	Functioning of book trailers in the development of literary tourism popularization in the context of hashtag analysis
Title
Słowa kluczowe	multimedia presentation, social networks, video advertising of books, book trailer, hashtags, statistics, literary tourism
Key words
Abstrakt	Based on the analysis of hashtags, it was found that the use of a multimedia format of book presentation as a book trailer on social networks is an effective means of promoting literary tourism. With the help of the “goal tree” method, an information model of the functioning of book trailers in the development of literary tourism popularization was created. The creation of a “goal tree” in the study provided an opportunity at the stage of information modeling to show the subordination and relationship of goals, which demonstrates the division of the overall goal into sub-goals, objectives and individual actions.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Bilushchak Т., Kolos S.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2020_n13_s19.pdf

Autor	Nining Kusnanik, Nurhasan Nurhasan, Panji Pambudi
Tytuł	Sustainable development of sport tourism in Banyuwangi
Title
Słowa kluczowe	sport tourism role, the effect on local content, sustainable development strategy
Key words
Abstrakt	This research has an aim to examine the role of Sport Tourism through the program of Banyuwangi festival (B-Fest) and the impact of local content and deciding sustainable strategy of Sport Tourism Development. This research uses descriptive associative research method with qualitative and quantitative approach. Data Collection method done by observation, direct interview, questionnaire and collect the data from related instance. The result of this analysis shows that: (1) Banyuwangi Festival Program (B-fest) successfully increase the number of visitor in Kawah Ijen and Pulau Merah within total contribution of 75.9%; (2) The effect of sport tourism toward the change of local community in Kawah Ijen, on economic aspect contribute 100%. On social aspect contribute 11.6%. Environmental aspect, edelweiss flower no longer to be seen, Javan lutung and deer are rarely to be seen. Social Aspect contribute 2.6% toward people prosperity, 0.2% toward local satisfaction, 12.7% toward people participation; (3) Development strategy on sustainable sport tourism using the model of Sport tourism Participation and oriented to tourism characteristic.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Kusnanik N., Nurhasan N., Pambudi P.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2020_n13_s117.pdf

Autor	Piotr Cymanow
Tytuł	Wybrane problemy zarządzania rozwojem górskich obszarów migracyjnych na przykładzie gmin południowej części Polski
Title
Słowa kluczowe	zarządzanie, gminy górskie, obszary migracyjne, rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy
Key words
Abstrakt	W artykule zaprezentowano kluczowe problemy zarządzania rozwojem górskich regionów migracyjnych. Poza ogólną charakterystyką terenów klasyfikowanych jako obszary o niekorzystnych warunkach gospodarowania (ONW) przedstawiono opinie przedstawicieli samorządów lokalnych 45 gmin górskich położonych na obszarze Karpat. Wskazano na elementy mające największy wpływ na potencjalny rozwój obszarów peryferyjnych, przy jednoczesnym określeniu czynników pogarszających funkcjonowanie gmin i komfort życia mieszkańców terenów górskich oraz ograniczających rozwój tych terenów. W dalszej części artykułu przedstawiono model zagrożeń wynikających z konsekwencji procesów migracyjnych zachodzących na przedmiotowym obszarze z uwzględnieniem czynników ekonomicznych, społecznych i rolno-środowiskowych.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Cymanow P.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2020_n14_s69.pdf

Autor	Tetyana Kuts, Oksana Makarchuk
Tytuł	Ukrainian Sunflower Market on the Background of EU and US Markets
Title	Ukrainian Sunflower Market on the Background of EU and US Markets
Słowa kluczowe	market integration, Ukraine, European Union, United States, sunflower oil market
Key words	market integration, Ukraine, European Union, United States, sunflower oil market
Abstrakt	This paper aims to provide market analysis of the sunflower market in Ukraine (UA) and research the existence of integration between the sunflower oil markets in Ukraine, the European Union (EU) and the United States (US). To fulfill the aims in the paper, yearly balances of sunflower seed, sunflower oil and sunflower cake were analyzed and price analysis was conducted. Price integration was assessed with the use of the error correction model (ECM) which was applied to monthly prices for sunflower oil from 2000 to 2020. Our findings provide evidence of high price transmission between the UA and EU markets, conversely lower price transmission was observed between the UA and the US.
Abstract	This paper aims to provide market analysis of the sunflower market in Ukraine (UA) and research the existence of integration between the sunflower oil markets in Ukraine, the European Union (EU) and the United States (US). To fulfill the aims in the paper, yearly balances of sunflower seed, sunflower oil and sunflower cake were analyzed and price analysis was conducted. Price integration was assessed with the use of the error correction model (ECM) which was applied to monthly prices for sunflower oil from 2000 to 2020. Our findings provide evidence of high price transmission between the UA and EU markets, conversely lower price transmission was observed between the UA and the US.
Cytowanie	Kuts T., Makarchuk O. (2020) Ukrainian Sunflower Market on the Background of EU and US Markets .Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 20(35), z. 3: 4-15
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2020_T20(35)_n3_s4.pdf

Autor	Naume Maponya, Isaac Oluwatayo
Tytuł	Economic Efficiency of Table Grape Production in Waterberg and Sekhukhune Districts, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Title	Economic Efficiency of Table Grape Production in Waterberg and Sekhukhune Districts, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Słowa kluczowe	efficiency, farmers, table grapes, South Africa, stochastic frontier model
Key words	efficiency, farmers, table grapes, South Africa, stochastic frontier model
Abstrakt	Table grape production plays an important role in the economy of many countries in Africa. It serves as a source of income for the people who are engaged in its production and being one of the enterprises that is labour-intensive, thereby providing employment for more people. The main purpose of this study was to analyse the economic efficiency of table grape production in Waterberg and Sekhukhune Districts of Limpopo province, South Africa. The study used primary data collected through administration of structured questionnaires on a sample of 12 farmers by employing a snowball sampling method. Analytical tools employed include descriptive statistics (such as tables and frequencies), Stochastic Frontier Model and Technical Inefficiency Model. Results from data analysis revealed that in terms of efficiency, farming experience (p<0.01), educational level (p<0.05), household size (p<0.10) and age of farmer (p<0.10) were associated with increased efficiency indicating that these factors play important roles in ensuring that resources used in the production of table grapes enhanced productivity and were not wasted. Also, technical efficiency among farmers was found to range from 0.8 to 1, with a mean of 0.89, thus implying a major possibility for improvement in production. However, the allocative efficiency was found to range from 0.47 to 1, with a mean of 0.68. This indicates that some farmers were finding it difficult to allocate their resources efficiently. Again, economic efficiency ranges from 0.56 to 1, with a mean of 0.73, an indication that most of the farmers were economically efficient. Meanwhile, some of the constraints faced by these farmers include high electricity bills and labour costs, water shortages as well as instability around land policy. The study therefore recommends capacity building of farmers through education and other skill enhancement programmes. Also, provision of incentives to encourage youth participation in farming through internship programmes is very important to increase farm productivity.
Abstract	Table grape production plays an important role in the economy of many countries in Africa. It serves as a source of income for the people who are engaged in its production and being one of the enterprises that is labour-intensive, thereby providing employment for more people. The main purpose of this study was to analyse the economic efficiency of table grape production in Waterberg and Sekhukhune Districts of Limpopo province, South Africa. The study used primary data collected through administration of structured questionnaires on a sample of 12 farmers by employing a snowball sampling method. Analytical tools employed include descriptive statistics (such as tables and frequencies), Stochastic Frontier Model and Technical Inefficiency Model. Results from data analysis revealed that in terms of efficiency, farming experience (p<0.01), educational level (p<0.05), household size (p<0.10) and age of farmer (p<0.10) were associated with increased efficiency indicating that these factors play important roles in ensuring that resources used in the production of table grapes enhanced productivity and were not wasted. Also, technical efficiency among farmers was found to range from 0.8 to 1, with a mean of 0.89, thus implying a major possibility for improvement in production. However, the allocative efficiency was found to range from 0.47 to 1, with a mean of 0.68. This indicates that some farmers were finding it difficult to allocate their resources efficiently. Again, economic efficiency ranges from 0.56 to 1, with a mean of 0.73, an indication that most of the farmers were economically efficient. Meanwhile, some of the constraints faced by these farmers include high electricity bills and labour costs, water shortages as well as instability around land policy. The study therefore recommends capacity building of farmers through education and other skill enhancement programmes. Also, provision of incentives to encourage youth participation in farming through internship programmes is very important to increase farm productivity.
Cytowanie	Maponya N., Oluwatayo I. (2020) Economic Efficiency of Table Grape Production in Waterberg and Sekhukhune Districts, Limpopo Province, South Africa.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 20(35), z. 3: 36-52
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2020_T20(35)_n3_s36.pdf

Autor	Wojciech Lichota
Tytuł	Zastosowanie modeli logitowych do zdiagnozowania zagrożenia bankructwem przedsiębiorstw
Title	THE USE OF LOGISTIC MODELS TO DIAGNOSE THE RISK OF BANKRUPTCY IN ENTERPRISES
Słowa kluczowe	kondycja finansowa, modele wczesnego ostrzegania, analiza finansowa
Key words	logistic models, bankruptcy, risk assessment, regression analysis
Abstrakt	W artykule zostały zaprezentowane wybrane modele regresji logistycznej, które służą do analizy przedsiębiorstw w zakresie zagrożenia bankructwem jak i zmiany w sytuacji finansowej. Jak wynika z literatury z zakresu finansów do oceny kondycji finansowej przedsiębiorstwa należy zastosować odpowiednie metody. Błędna ocena może przynieść przykre konsekwencje dla przedsiębiorstwa, w postaci podjęcia nietrafionych decyzji przez zarządzających, odmowy udzielenia kredytu bankowego lub niepodjęcia współpracy przez dostawców i odbiorców. Celem artykułu była weryfikacja skuteczności predykcji 12 modeli regresji logistycznej, które pozwalają na dokonanie oceny zagrożenia bankructwem przedsiębiorstwa a także zajęcia stanowiska odnośnie przyszłej kondycji finansowej. Próba badawcza wynosiła 40 przedsiębiorstw, w tym 8 przedsiębiorstw, dla których został złożony wniosek o upadłość. Jak wynika z przeprowadzonych badań, poszczególne modele odznaczają się różną sprawnością ogólną, która wyniosła od 54% do 98%. Ponadto wykazano, że wraz ze wzrostem wskaźników analizy finansowej użytych w konstrukcji funkcji nie zwiększa się sprawność poszczególnych modeli. Autor podsumowuje, że w celu uniknięcia ryzyka przeprowadzenia niewiarygodnej oceny kondycji finansowej przedsiębiorstwa, należy zastosować co najmniej kilka modeli logitowych.
Abstract	The article presents selected logistic regression models that are used to analyze enterprises in terms of their risk of bankruptcy and changes in their financial situation. As it appears from the literature on finance, it is necessary to apply appropriate methods to assess the financial condition of an enterprise. Incorrect assessment may cause unpleasant consequences for the company, in the form of taking wrong decisions by managers, refusal to be granted a bank loan or failure to undertake cooperation with suppliers and customers. The aim of the article was to verify the effectiveness of the prediction of 12 logistic regression models, that allow for the assessment of an enterprise’s bankruptcy risk and its future financial condition. The research sample was 40 companies, including 8 enterprises for which a bankruptcy petition had been filed. As results from the conducted research, individual models have different general efficiency, which ranged from 54% to 98%. In addition, it was seen that the efficiency of particular models does not increase with an increase of the financial analysis indicators used in the construction of the function. The author concludes that in order to avoid the risk of making an unreliable assessment of the financial condition of a company, at least 10 logistic models should be used.
Cytowanie	Lichota W. (2020) Zastosowanie modeli logitowych do zdiagnozowania zagrożenia bankructwem przedsiębiorstw.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 24(73): 92-103
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Autor	Lech Kujawski, Monika Liszewska, Marta Penczar
Tytuł	THE IMPACT OF FUNDING STRUCTURE ON EU BANKING SECTOR STABILITY
Title	The impact of funding structure on EU banking sector stability
Słowa kluczowe	banking sector stability, banking funding model, funding structure
Key words	banking sector stability, banking funding model, funding structure
Abstrakt	In our paper, we analyse the impact of funding structure on banking sector stability in EU countries. Our findings show that after the global financial crisis (GFC) there are four main funding models in the EU banking sectors. We document that funding structure is an important factor influencing the banking sector stability. We report that there are also some other banking business model characteristics as well as macroeconomic indicators which have impact on banking sector risk.
Abstract	In our article, we analyze the impact of the funding structure on the banking sector stability in EU countries. Our findings show that after the GFC, there are four main funding models in EU banking sectors. We document that the funding structure is an important factor determining the stability of the banking sector. We point out that there are other features of the banking business model as well as macroeconomic indicators that influence the banking sectors risk.
Cytowanie	Kujawski L., Liszewska M., Penczar M. (2020) THE IMPACT OF FUNDING STRUCTURE ON EU BANKING SECTOR STABILITY.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 24(73): 143-154
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2020_n73_s143.pdf

Autor	Yılmaz Toktaş
Tytuł	SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COVID-19 CASES AND GLOBALISATION IN EUROPE
Title	Analiza przestrzenna relacji między przypadkami Covid-19 a globalizacją w Europie
Słowa kluczowe	spatial analyses, Covid-19, Europe, globalisation
Key words	analizy przestrzenne, Covid-19, Europa, globalizacja
Abstrakt	With the globalisation process, economic, social and political structures have become more and more intertwined. Due to the current Covid-19 pandemic, it has been observed that epidemics such as Covid-19 are globalising and that they turn into pandemics on a global scale. In this study, it is suggested that, along with Covid-19’s distinctive abilities such as spreading rapidly, the fact that the world has become more mobile and integrated due to globalisation is considered to have an impact on the pandemic; thus, the effect of globalisation on Covid-19 cases in European countries was investigated through spatial analysis methods. The results of Moran’s I test carried out on Covid-19 cases in European countries suggest that there is positive autocorrelation. According to the LISA analysis results, it was found that the UK, the Netherlands, France, and Belgium not only have a higher number of Covid-19 cases, but also have been affected by the countries with a number of cases above the European mean. According to the results of Spatial Error Model designed to examine the effect of globalisation, it was found that globalisation had a slight but positive effect on Covid-19 cases in Europe.
Abstract	Wraz z procesem globalizacji struktury gospodarcze, społeczne i polityczne stają się coraz bardziej ze sobą powiązane. Ze względu na obecną pandemię Covid-19 zaobserwowano, że epidemie takie jak Covid-19 zglobalizują się i przekształcają się w pandemie na skalę globalną. W badaniu tym sugeruje się, że wraz z charakterystycznymi zdolnościami Covid-19, takimi jak szybkie rozprzestrzenianie się, fakt, że świat stał się bardziej mobilny i zintegrowany z powodu globalizacji, jest uważany za mający wpływ na pandemię; w związku z tym wpływ globalizacji na przypadki Covid-19 w krajach europejskich badano za pomocą metod analizy przestrzennej. Wyniki testu I Morana przeprowadzonego na temat przypadków Covid-19 w krajach europejskich sugerują, że istnieje pozytywna autokorelacja Zgodnie z wynikami analizy LISA stwierdzono, że Zjednoczone Królestwo, Niderlandy, Francja i Belgia mają nie tylko większą liczbę spraw dotyczących covid-19, ale także zostały dotknięte przez kraje, w których wiele przypadków jest powyżej średniej europejskiej. Zgodnie z wynikami modelu błędu przestrzennego mającego na celu zbadanie wpływu globalizacji stwierdzono, że globalizacja miała niewielki, ale pozytywny wpływ na przypadki Covid-19 w Europie.
Cytowanie	Toktaş Y. (2020) SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COVID-19 CASES AND GLOBALISATION IN EUROPE.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 24(73): 255-265
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2020_n73_s255.pdf

Autor	Ogheneruemu Obi-Egbedi, Omowunmi Ogungbite, Isaac Oluwatayo
Tytuł	Genetically Modified Crops’ Technology and its Awareness among Smallholder Farmers in Nigeria
Title	Genetically Modified Crops’ Technology and its Awareness among Smallholder Farmers in Nigeria
Słowa kluczowe	GMOs, smallholder farmers, awareness for GM crops, Credible seed sources, Agricultural technology
Key words	GMOs, smallholder farmers, awareness for GM crops, Credible seed sources, Agricultural technology
Abstrakt	Genetically Modified (GM) crops are crops modified through genetic engineering to improve their quality. Although safety concerns about genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are still being debated, the food security benefits have led to adoption by many counties. In Nigeria, where most farmers are uneducated and likely unaware of the agricultural technology, the government approved its first biotechnology crop for commercialization in 2018. Level of farmers’ awareness is crucial to acceptance of GM crops, although; this has not been fully explored in the literature. Therefore, this study aimed to assess farmers’ awareness for GM crops and the factors that determine their awareness in Oyo state, Nigeria, using primary data collected in 2018 with the aid of well-structured questionnaires from 242 smallholder farmers. Principal component analysis and Tobit regression model were used for data analysis. Results showed that farmers were aged 43 years with farm size of 3.57 ha, farming experience of 14 years and 11 years of education. Most farmers were male (71.90%), married (67.36%), not members of farmer groups (64.46%) and sourced their seeds from non-credible sources (85.12%). Most farmers (52.07%) had either not heard of or did not know of any benefits/costs of GM crops, hence; were not aware of GM crops. Factors that influenced awareness of GM crops were being a male farmer, years of education and source of seeds. The study concluded that increasing years of education and ensuring use of credible seed sources will increase awareness of the costs and benefits of GM crops among farmers.
Abstract	Genetically Modified (GM) crops are crops modified through genetic engineering to improve their quality. Although safety concerns about genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are still being debated, the food security benefits have led to adoption by many counties. In Nigeria, where most farmers are uneducated and likely unaware of the agricultural technology, the government approved its first biotechnology crop for commercialization in 2018. Level of farmers’ awareness is crucial to acceptance of GM crops, although; this has not been fully explored in the literature. Therefore, this study aimed to assess farmers’ awareness for GM crops and the factors that determine their awareness in Oyo state, Nigeria, using primary data collected in 2018 with the aid of well-structured questionnaires from 242 smallholder farmers. Principal component analysis and Tobit regression model were used for data analysis. Results showed that farmers were aged 43 years with farm size of 3.57 ha, farming experience of 14 years and 11 years of education. Most farmers were male (71.90%), married (67.36%), not members of farmer groups (64.46%) and sourced their seeds from non-credible sources (85.12%). Most farmers (52.07%) had either not heard of or did not know of any benefits/costs of GM crops, hence; were not aware of GM crops. Factors that influenced awareness of GM crops were being a male farmer, years of education and source of seeds. The study concluded that increasing years of education and ensuring use of credible seed sources will increase awareness of the costs and benefits of GM crops among farmers.
Cytowanie	Obi-Egbedi O., Ogungbite O., Oluwatayo I. (2020) Genetically Modified Crops’ Technology and its Awareness among Smallholder Farmers in Nigeria.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 20(35), z. 4: 58-67
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Autor	Ola Bareja-Wawryszuk
Tytuł	Determinants of spatial concentration of short food supply chains on example of marginal, localized and restricted activities in Poland
Title	Determinanty przestrzennej koncentracji krótkich łańcuchów dostaw na przykładzie podmiotów marginalnych, lokalnych i ograniczonych w Polsce
Słowa kluczowe	local food systems, short food supply chains, spatial concentration, marginal localized and restricted activities, nonparametric regression trees
Key words	działalność marginalna, lokalna i ograniczona, nieparametryczne modele drzew regresji
Abstrakt	The article analyses spatial concentration of marginal, localized and restricted activities creating local food systems in Poland regarded as short supply chains. Local food systems in Poland can take the forms of direct sale, direct deliveries, agricultural retail as well as marginal, localized and restricted activities. Short food supply chains play crucial role in case of local economy, environment and society. Thus, article rises issue connected with sustainability, alternatives for mass produced and distributed food, spatial diversity of local activities. Empirical part of the article focus on marginal, localized and restricted activities. The first part of the article contains a characteristic of the analyzed activities and their spatial distribution. The second part identifies factors that have the strongest influence on the formation of marginal, localized and restricted activities with the application of nonparametric models of regression trees. It is reported that spatial and environmental factors occur most frequently in the process of recurrent division of the data set and, thus, constitute the strongest determinant of marginal, localized and restricted activities.
Abstract	W artykule analizie poddano koncentrację przestrzenną podmiotów marginalnych, lokalnych i ograniczonych tworzących lokalne systemy żywnościowe w Polsce i utożsamianych z krótkimi łańcuchami dostaw. Lokalne systemy żywnościowe w Polsce mogą przybierać formy organizacyjno-prawne takie jak: sprzedaż bezpośrednia, dostawy bezpośrednie, rolniczy handel detaliczny oraz działalności marginalną, lokalną i ograniczoną. Krótkie łańcuchy dostaw żywności odgrywają kluczową rolę w lokalnej gospodarce, środowisku i społeczeństwie. W artykule poruszono zatem problematykę związaną ze zrównoważonym rozwojem, alternatywami dla masowo produkowanej i dystrybuowanej żywności, przestrzennym zróżnicowaniem lokalnych podmiotów. Część empiryczna artykułu oparta jest na analizie podmiotów marginalnych, lokalnych i ograniczonych. W pierwszej kolejności dokonano charakterystyki analizowanych podmiotów i ich rozmieszczenia przestrzennego. Następnie, wykorzystując nieparametryczne modele drzew regresji, zidentyfikowano czynniki, które najsilniej wpływają na powstawanie podmiotów marginalnych, lokalnych i ograniczonych. Dostrzeżono, że czynniki przestrzenno- środowiskowe występują najczęściej w procesie rekurencyjnego podziału zbioru danych, a tym samym stanowią najsilniejszą determinantę działalności marginalnej, lokalnej i ograniczonej.
Cytowanie	Bareja-Wawryszuk O.
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Pełny tekst	EIOL_2020_T5_n3_s45.pdf

Autor	Aleksandra Górecka, Paulina Zborowska
Tytuł	The factors influencing the growth in dropshipping orders during the COVID-19 pandemic
Title	Czynniki wpływające na wzrost liczby zamówień w modelu dropshipping w czasie pandemii COVID-19
Słowa kluczowe	dropshipping, Polish market, COVID-19
Key words	dropshipping, polski rynek, COVID-19
Abstrakt	The paper aimed to investigate the most significant factors influencing the growth in orders in the dropshipping model in Poland. The research was conducted during the pandemic time and was compared with the results in the levels in orders in 2019. The main factors that have impacts on the growth in the level of orders were introduced out of B2B and B2C variables. The results present that apart from the product type, the payment method, marketing by supplier entity, and the number of suppliers is crucial for a dropshipping business model.
Abstract	Celem artykułu było zbadanie najważniejszych czynników wpływających na wzrost zamówień w modelu dropshipping w Polsce. Badania przeprowadzono w okresie pandemii COVID-19 i porównano z wynikami w zakresie poziomów zamówień w 2019 roku. Czynniki mające wpływ na wzrost poziomu zamówień (zmienne) podzielono na dwie grupy: B2B i B2C. Wyniki wskazują, że poza rodzajem produktu kluczowe dla wzrostu zamówień w modelu biznesowym dropshipping były: dostępne sposoby płatności, rozwiązania marketingowe, dostawcy oraz liczba dostawców sklepu.
Cytowanie	Górecka A., Zborowska P.
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Pełny tekst	EIOL_2020_T5_n3_s65.pdf