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Autor	Solomon Adesoji, Banji Adisa, Abiodun Agboola, Adedayo Ajayi, Dorcas Alabi, Julius Ayinde, Olanike Deji, Olajide Filusi, Toyin Ojo, Oladimeji Oladele, Aanuoluwapo Opayinka
Tytuł	Participatory Development of Demand-Driven Curriculum for Career-Ready E-Extension Services in Nigeria
Title	Participatory Development of Demand-Driven Curriculum for Career-Ready E-Extension Services in Nigeria
Słowa kluczowe	participatory curriculum, career- ready, e- extension services, stakeholders, Nigeria
Key words	participatory curriculum, career- ready, e- extension services, stakeholders, Nigeria
Abstrakt	This paper described and contextualized participatory development of demand-driven curriculum for career-ready e-extension services in Nigeria as introduced by the Sasakawa Africa Fund for Extension Education. The stages of participatory development were participatory need assessment, participatory stakeholders’ workshop and validation among 124 stakeholders selected as key informants in relation to agricultural extension training, delivery, end users and policy makers. The stakeholders were grouped as follows: community leaders and policy makers; extension agencies / organisations / institutions / employers; farmers; input suppliers / marketers / agro-based traders / other value actors; and potential candidate groups. Stakeholder meetings were held separately with different groups three times, and then a combined meeting took place. The aggregated major decisions/consensus were subjected to content analysis using ATLAS.ti. The validation process included reading of each agreed decision to all participants, then participants indicated their agreement or otherwise, which led to either rejection or acceptance of the decision. This paper concludes that participatory curriculum development has enhanced the stakeholders to identify areas of demand-driven training in response to community needs. The stakeholders preferred more online than face-to-face training. The major perceived advantages of e-extension were reduced risk, time and cost effectiveness while infrastructural and human challenges were the perceived challenges that could possibly hinder the smooth running of e extension.
Abstract	This paper described and contextualized participatory development of demand-driven curriculum for career-ready e-extension services in Nigeria as introduced by the Sasakawa Africa Fund for Extension Education. The stages of participatory development were participatory need assessment, participatory stakeholders’ workshop and validation among 124 stakeholders selected as key informants in relation to agricultural extension training, delivery, end users and policy makers. The stakeholders were grouped as follows: community leaders and policy makers; extension agencies / organisations / institutions / employers; farmers; input suppliers / marketers / agro-based traders / other value actors; and potential candidate groups. Stakeholder meetings were held separately with different groups three times, and then a combined meeting took place. The aggregated major decisions/consensus were subjected to content analysis using ATLAS.ti. The validation process included reading of each agreed decision to all participants, then participants indicated their agreement or otherwise, which led to either rejection or acceptance of the decision. This paper concludes that participatory curriculum development has enhanced the stakeholders to identify areas of demand-driven training in response to community needs. The stakeholders preferred more online than face-to-face training. The major perceived advantages of e-extension were reduced risk, time and cost effectiveness while infrastructural and human challenges were the perceived challenges that could possibly hinder the smooth running of e extension.
Cytowanie	Adesoji S., Adisa B., Agboola A., Ajayi A., Alabi D., Ayinde J., Deji O., Filusi O., Ojo T., Oladele O., Opayinka A. (2021) Participatory Development of Demand-Driven Curriculum for Career-Ready E-Extension Services in Nigeria.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 3: 14-23
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2021_T21(36)_n3_s14.pdf

Autor	Johana Paluchová, Renata Prokeinová
Tytuł	SUSTAINABILITY IN SERVICE´S SECTOR: NEW TRENDS OF SUSTAINABILITY TOOLS AND POSITIONING OF SERVICES IN ECONOMY
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Key words	Service´s Sector, Sustainability, Ecological, Tourism, Linear trend model, Holt - Winters additive model, SAS
Abstrakt
Abstract	The goal of sustainable development is to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. As economies globalize, new opportunities to generate prosperity and quality of life are arising though trade, knowledge-sharing, and access to technology. The article is a part of current scientific project at our department of marketing “VEGA No. 1/0951/12 Sustainability developments of subjects in the food chain at the condition of Slovak market.” In our article we like to introduce you a term of sustainability in service´s sector, such an ecological tourism at Slovak market through definition of sustainability and statistical methods used in prediction of chosen data such as GDP in service´s sector, service export and import and total prediction of Slovak service´s economy.
Cytowanie	Paluchová J., Prokeinová R. (2013) SUSTAINABILITY IN SERVICE´S SECTOR: NEW TRENDS OF SUSTAINABILITY TOOLS AND POSITIONING OF SERVICES IN ECONOMY.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 10(59): 540-551
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2013_n59_s540.pdf

Autor	Roman Sass
Tytuł	Produkcja i dochody gospodarstw rolnych w województwie kujawsko-pomorskim po akcesji Polski do UE
Title	Production and incomes of farms in the Kujavian-Pomeranian province after Poland’s accession to the European Union
Słowa kluczowe	produkcja, dochody gospodarstw, koszty i intensywność produkcji, typ rolniczy gospodarstwa, inwestycje brutto i netto
Key words	production, incomes of farms, costs and intensity of production, agrarian farm’s type, gross and net investments
Abstrakt	W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań przeprowadzonych w gospodarstwach rolnych z województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego, które nieprzerwanie prowadziły rachunkowość Polski FADN w latach 2004-2008. Analizowano sytuację produkcyjno-dochodową oraz możliwości rozwoju gospodarstw zakwalifikowanych do następujących typów rolniczych: uprawy polowe, krowy mleczne, zwierzęta żywione systemem wypasowym, trzoda chlewna i gospodarstwa mieszane. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że największe dochody uzyskały gospodarstwa trzodowe. We wszystkich analizowanych typach gospodarstw wskaźnik przyrostu środków trwałych był dodatni i wynosił średnio 4%, najwyższy był w gospodarstwach utrzymujących krowy mleczne (6,7%), a najniższy w gospodarstwach utrzymujących zwierzęta w systemie wypasowym (2,7%). Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań wykazały ponadto, że analizowane gospodarstwa można zaliczyć do gospodarstw rozwojowych.
Abstract	The paper aims to analyze how, after the accession to the European Union, the production and income situation of farms as well as the development opportunities of farms in the Kujavian-Pomeranian province developed after the accession to the European Union. In the article, there are presented results of studies of farms that ceaselessly run accountancy in frames of Polish FADN in the years 2004-2008. There are analyzed production and income activity and the development opportunities of farms classified to the following agrarian types: agriculture, milk cows., animals fed with pasturing system, pigs and mixed farms. From the conducted studies it results, that swine farms gained the highest incomes. Moreover, in all the analyzed types of farms the rate of fixed assets increment was positive and amounted on average 4,0%. The highest one was at farms breeding milk cows (6,7%), and the lowest at farms breeding animals in pasturing system (2,7%). The results of the conducted studies showed, that the analyzed farms may be rated among the developing farms.
Cytowanie	Sass R. (2010) Produkcja i dochody gospodarstw rolnych w województwie kujawsko-pomorskim po akcesji Polski do UE.Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria G, t. 97, z. 3: 218-230
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2010_n3_s218.pdf

Autor	Roman Sass
Tytuł	Polskie gospodarstwa mleczne na tle państw członkowskich UE-15
Title	Polish milk farms against a background of member states UE-15
Słowa kluczowe	gospodarstwa mleczne, wielkość ekonomiczna, dochód z rodzinnego gospodarstwa rolnego, koszty produkcji, intensywność produkcji, inwestycje netto
Key words	milk farms, economic size, income from a family farm, costs of production, intensity of production, net investments
Abstrakt	W pracy analizowano dochody polskich gospodarstw mlecznych o wielkości ekonomicznej 8?16 ESU, 16?40 ESU, 40?100 ESU za lata 2004-2006 na tle gospodarstw UE-15. Znacznie niższe koszty produkcji w Polsce świadczą o dużej konkurencyjno .ci gospodarstw nastawionych na produkcję mleka, a ponadto polskie gospodarstwa mleczne charakteryzują się większymi możliwościami rozwojowymi, co przejawia się zdecydowanie wyższym poziomem realizowanych inwestycji netto oraz wyższymi wskaźnikami odtworzenia i przyrostu środków trwałych.
Abstract	The problem of incomes of Polish farms against a background of UE-15 farms has been analyzed in the study. Deliberations concern farms of the economic size 8-16, 16-40 and 40-100 ESU for the years 2004-2006. The volume of incomes from a farm and differentiation of the income situation in individual EU Member States were analyzed. Moreover, the costs of production, intensity of production and the level of investments were analyzed. The conducted studies made it possible to form the conclusions concerning the income situation of farms in Poland in comparison with the states of the longest seniority in EU. The predominance of Polish farms over the EU-15 farms results mainly from the lower costs of production. Considerably lower costs of production in Poland prove high competitiveness of farms predisposed towards milk production. Moreover, from the conducted studies it results, that milk farms in Poland are characterized by bigger development opportunities, what is shown in decisively higher level of realized net investments and higher rates of reconstruction and increment of fixed assets. However, one should take into account the fact of limitations resulting from the conducted analyses, as three years is a too short period of time to come to too far reaching conclusions, moreover in the years 2004-2006 there were in Poland good economic conditions for milk producers.
Cytowanie	Sass R. (2009) Polskie gospodarstwa mleczne na tle państw członkowskich UE-15.Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria G, t. 96, z. 3: 209-224
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2009_n3_s209.pdf

Autor	Stanisław Mańko, Roman Sass, Tadeusz Sobczyński
Tytuł	Zmiany poziomu zrównoważenia płynności finansowej w gospodarstwach rolniczych UE w latach 1989–2005
Title	CHANGES IN BALANCING OF FINANCIAL LIQUIDITY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION’S AGRICULTURAL FARMS IN THE YEARS 1989–2005
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Abstract	The paper aims to analyze the changes in balancing of financial liquidity that took place in the European Union’s agricultural farms in the years 1989–2005. The comparative analysis was executed for chosen types of farms, namely: field crops (TF13), diary farms (TF41) and granivores livestock (TF50) based on current ratio. There were analyzed data collected by the EU Farm Accountancy Data Network. The results show that in analyzed period the average value of current ratio for chosen types of farms was at the level 2.5–4.5 comparing to 3.75–4.75 for all farms. Comparing only the chosen types of farms in 2005 the average values of their current ratio was very similar: 3.72–3.99, which is higher than recommended optimal value 1.5–2.0. However the current ratio values differs signify cantly among countries and were changing with no correlation. This did not allow to determine a trend for different types of farms in whole European Union. Regardless the type of farming low values of current ratio are observed in Denmark and Great Britain, the average values in Germany and France and the high values in Belgium, Italy, Portugal and Finland. The differences in current ratio between EU countries seams to be more significant than the differences between analyzed types of farming
Cytowanie	Mańko S., Sass R., Sobczyński T. (2008) Zmiany poziomu zrównoważenia płynności finansowej w gospodarstwach rolniczych UE w latach 1989–2005.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 64: 5-22
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n64_s5.pdf

Autor	Roman Sass
Tytuł	Wielkość stada a dochód z zarządzania w gospodarstwach wyspecjalizowanych w chowie bydła mlecznego
Title	Herd size and the income from management in farms specialized in dairy production
Słowa kluczowe	skala produkcji, dochód z rodzinnego gospodarstwa rolniczego, alternatywne koszty czynników produkcji . pracy, ziemi, kapitału, dochód z zarządzania
Key words	scale of production, income on a family farm, alternative costs of production factors . work, land, capital, income on management
Abstrakt	Głównym celem przeprowadzonych badań jest ocena sytuacji ekonomicznej w gospodarstwach nastawionych na produkcję mleka w zależności od skali produkcji, mierzonej liczbą krów w gospodarstwie. Podstawowym źródłem danych do przeprowadzenia analizy były informacje gromadzone w ramach Polskiego FADN. Spośród ogólnej liczby gospodarstw prowadzących rachunkowość rolną w 2005 roku, wykorzystano dane z 885 gospodarstw nastawionych na chów bydła mlecznego (TF 41) z terenu całej Polski. Sytuacja ekonomiczna gospodarstw nastawionych na produkcję mleka uwarunkowana jest skalą produkcji. Im większa skala produkcji tym gospodarstwa osiągają wyższe dochody oraz wyższą produktywność i dochodowość ziemi oraz wyższą opłatę pracy. Szczególnie korzystne wyniki osiągają gospodarstwa utrzymujące powyżej 50 krów.
Abstract	The main aim of the conducted studies was the assessment of the economic situation of farms oriented at milk production depending on the scale of production measured with the number of cows on a farm. Information collected within the Polish FADN constituted the basic source of data necessary for conducting such analysis. Out of the general number of farms running farm accountancy in 2005, data from 885 farms oriented at dairy cattle breeding (TF 41) from the whole area of Poland were used. The results show that the economic situation of farms oriented at milk production is conditioned by the scale of production. The higher the scale of production, the higher incomes and higher productivity and land profitability as well as higher remuneration for work is achieved. Farms keeping more than 50 cows achieve especially advantageous results.
Cytowanie	Sass R. (2007) Wielkość stada a dochód z zarządzania w gospodarstwach wyspecjalizowanych w chowie bydła mlecznego .Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria G, t. 93, z. 2: 71-79
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2007_n2_s71.pdf

Autor	Roman Sass
Tytuł	Wpływ zadłużenia na efektywność produkcji i kapitału w gospodarstwach specjalizujących się w produkcji mleka
Title	THE INFLUENCE OF BORROWINGS ON THE EFFICIENCY OF PRODUCTION AND CAPITAL AT FARMS SPECIALIZING IN MILK PRODUCTION
Słowa kluczowe	zadłużenie, skala produkcji, gospodarstwa mleczne, produkcja, dochody, efektywność kapitału, efektywność produkcji, inwestycje, płynność finansowa
Key words	borrowings, scale of production, dairy farms, production, incomes, capital efficiency, efficiency of production, investments, financial liquidity
Abstrakt	Ocenę sytuacji ekonomicznej prowadzono w gospodarstwach, w których dominującym kierunkiem była produkcja mleka. Do badań wykorzystano dane z gospodarstw prowadzących rachunkowość rolną w 2003 roku z terenu całego kraju. Analizowane gospodarstwa podzielono na sześć grup w zależności od poziomu zadłużenia, mierzonego wskaźnikiem zadłużenia (całkowite zadłużenie do kapitału ogółem).
Abstract	The subject master of the studies there were farms specialized in milk production (type 411 milk cows according to the European Union’s classification, in which the influence of the level of borrowings on income of a farm and efficiency of production, assets and own capital were analyzed. Comparisons made in groups of different level of borrowings measured with a liability ratio (total borrowings to the capital expressed in%. The following groups of farms were established: up to 10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, 50 and more percent of borrowings. The conducted studies showed, that both with the increase of borrowings, and the production and incomes of examined farms increase for about 70 up to 80%. However, the increase of borrowings results in a quicker increase of efficiency of own capital than the increase of production and incomes. The efficiency of the capital in a group of farms of borrowings higher than 50% was 2,5 times higher than in a group of farms of the lowest borrowings (below 10% and amounted to 21,91%). The efficiency of the own capital in a group of farms of the lowest scale of production, considerably exceeds interest rate of bonds of long-term investments. It shows, that running farms of an appropriate scale of production is efficient and may ensure good remuneration of own work, return on the invested capital and performance bonus for taking the risk of running a farm. It also results from the studies, that the purchase of the basic and rotary stock shortly before accession to the EU was the basic direction of investing at dairy farms.
Cytowanie	Sass R. (2006) Wpływ zadłużenia na efektywność produkcji i kapitału w gospodarstwach specjalizujących się w produkcji mleka .Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria G, t. 93, z. 1: 74-82
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2006_n1_s74.pdf