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Autor	Joanna Bereżnicka
Tytuł	Kredyt kupiecki – koszty i korzyści w aspekcie wzrostu gospodarstwa
Title	Trade credit – costs and benefi ts in farms’ growth aspect
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Abstract	This paper contains analysis of costs and benefits connected with trade credit granted by farmers, as factors influencing farms’ growth abilities (understood as ability to enlarge both income and cash stocks). The research was carried out in a farm specialising in large-scale milk production. The researcher proposed three possible solutions concerning trade credit. The analysis revealed that trade credit creates costs which have negative influence on the farm income level. However, resigning from this credit was followed by unfavourable effects. On the other hand, using this credit in cash-flows gave considerable benefits. As a result of the research it was concluded that trade credit is an instrument positively affecting economic results of the farm and, consequently, its growth
Cytowanie	Bereżnicka J. (2010) Kredyt kupiecki – koszty i korzyści w aspekcie wzrostu gospodarstwa.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 82: 161-170
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2010_n82_s161.pdf

Autor	Maria Zuba
Tytuł	Wpływ wstąpienia Polski do UE na rentowność i bezpieczeństwo finansowe wybranych spółdzielni mleczarskich
Title	Impact of Polish accession to the European Union on the profi tability and financial security of selected milk cooperatives
Słowa kluczowe	rentowność, bezpieczeństwo finansowe, wpływ wstąpienia do UE, spółdzielnia mleczarska.
Key words	profitability, financial security, impact of accession to the EU, milk cooperative
Abstrakt	Badaniami objęto 41 spółdzielni mleczarskich w okresie czterech lat (2002-2005). Badania wykazały, że wejście Polski do UE miało pozytywny wpływ na poziomy rentowności sprzedaży, majątku, kapitału własnego i zatrudnienia. Stopień płynności bieżącej i szybkiej z czasem uległ nieznacznemu obniżeniu, a gotówkowej podwyższeniu. Jednak poziomy te utrzymały się w granicach dla nich standardowych. Badane mleczarnie po wejściu Polski do UE poprawiły swoją sprawność finansową przez szybsze odzyskiwanie środków pieniężnych zaangażowanych w aktywa obrotowe. Wzrosło nieznacznie ich średnie zadłużenie, jednak nie dotyczyło ono zadłużenia długoterminowego, które pozostało na niezmienionym poziomie. Ich zdolność do obsługi zadłużenia była słaba, chociaż poprawiła się w większości przypadków.
Abstract	The investigation concerned 41 milk cooperatives in years 2002-2005. The results indicate that Polish accession to the European Union positively influenced the levels of sales profitability, assets value, own capital and employment. The degree of current liquidity slightly diminished but that of cash liquidity increased. All those levels were maintained within standard limits. The surveyed dairies improved their financial efficiency after the accession through faster recovering of money engaged in current assets. Their average indebtedness slightly increased but it did not concern the long term indebtedness which stayed at the same level. Their ability to serve the indebtedness was weak although it improved in the majority of cases
Cytowanie	Zuba M. (2010) Wpływ wstąpienia Polski do UE na rentowność i bezpieczeństwo finansowe wybranych spółdzielni mleczarskich.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 10(25), z. 2: 130-141
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2010_T10(25)_n2_s130.pdf

Autor	Mirosław Wasilewski, Serhiy Zabolotnyy
Tytuł	Sytuacja finansowa przedsiębiorstw o odmiennych strategiach zarządzania kapitałem obrotowym
Title	Financial situation of the enterprises of different working capital strategies
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Abstract	In the article the relations between opposite approaches to working capital management and chosen financial ratios are defined on the example of stock companies from food processing industry. In the enterprise Kofola S.A. using an aggressive working capital strategy a low level of liquidity, short cycles of current assets’ conversion and negative cycles of cash conversion appeared. Profitability of business and the value of EVA were low in this company. In the enterprise Wilbo S.A. using conservative strategies, high level of liquidity ratios, longer cycles of current assets’ conversion and cash conversion. Conservative strategy of Wilbo S.A. was characterized by negative rates of profitability and negative rate of return for owners built on EVA. Opposite approaches to working capital management do not ensure required rates of return from invested capital for shareholders. That is why the synchronization of partial strategies of the enterprise is very important.
Cytowanie	Wasilewski M., Zabolotnyy S. (2009) Sytuacja finansowa przedsiębiorstw o odmiennych strategiach zarządzania kapitałem obrotowym.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 78: 5-20
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n78_s5.pdf

Autor	Aleksandra Pisarska, Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Zarządzanie środkami trwałymi w małych i średnich przedsiębiorstwach z regionu świętokrzyskiego
Title	The fixed assets management in small and medium size enterprises in Świętokrzyski region
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Abstract	The elaboration estimates the managers opinion from small and medium size enterprises in Świętokrzyski region take into account management and investments in fixed assets. Most of the enterprises noted increasing productive potential as well as development. The research period were characterized by significant increase of equipment and machine participation in assets structure of these enterprises. This is positive trend reflected in profitable tendency increase companies operation potential by fixed assets. The main source of financing the fixed assets was the equity capital. The managers have been guided by the level of cash during a selection of financial resources. The enterprises managers were planning enhancing the level of fixed assets equipment, through equity capital involvement, which is simply safer.
Cytowanie	Pisarska A., Wasilewski M. (2009) Zarządzanie środkami trwałymi w małych i średnich przedsiębiorstwach z regionu świętokrzyskiego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 79: 137-148
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n79_s137.pdf

Autor	Serhiy Zabolotnyy
Tytuł	Sytuacja finansowa spółek giełdowych z wybranych branż produkcyjnych
Title	Financial situation of stock companies from selected branches of industry
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Abstract	The author analyzes financial condition of selected manufacturing branches in Poland on the example of stock companies quoted on Warsaw Stock Exchange. Among the branches under consideration are food, metal, machine-engineering and construction materials’ industries. Asset and capital-asset structure as well as liquidity and profitability ratios are analyzed. In 2003–2007 companies from all selected branches except of metal industry increased the value of fixed assets relating to current assets. The structure of current assets was gradually changed with more liquid assets such as receivables and cash in bank accounts. High ratios of liquidity together with a significant share of long-term capitals in liabilities structure indicated a more conservative approach to the liquidity risk. The highest and most variable rates of return were noticed in metal industry, food and machine-engineering branches were characterized by lower but constant profitability ratios in the whole period
Cytowanie	Zabolotnyy S. (2009) Sytuacja finansowa spółek giełdowych z wybranych branż produkcyjnych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 76: 121-133
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n76_s121.pdf

Autor	Justyna Franc-Dąbrowska
Tytuł	Praktyczne zastosowanie wybranych modeli panelowych do oceny sytuacji finansowej przedsiębiorstw rolniczych
Title	Practical application of selected panel models in assessment of financial situation in the agricultural companies
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Abstract	The study presents models which were used to prepare panel data (estimation based on the classical method of the smallest squares, panel model with fixed effects, panel model with random effects). Panel analyses were conducted which were supposed to identify factors influencing revenue figures. Based on the statistical tests it was found that panel model with fixed effects was more applicable then the other methods of estimation (for analyzed type of data). As a result of analyses performed it was found that revenue is mostly impacted by cash-flow, level of employment and work productivity. Established variables improve the management process of sale.
Cytowanie	Franc-Dąbrowska J. (2009) Praktyczne zastosowanie wybranych modeli panelowych do oceny sytuacji finansowej przedsiębiorstw rolniczych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 76: 31-40
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n76_s31.pdf

Autor	Marzena Chmielewska
Tytuł	Podatek rolny w dochodach budżetowych gmin
Title	The farming tax in community’s budgets revenue
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Abstract	The aim of elaboration was an assessment of farming tax revenues of the community’s budgets. The article presents relations between discussed revenues and chosen elements of the community’s budgets (own revenues and other taxes: including property tax, agricultural tax, forest tax, and tax on means of transport). The participation of cash inflow from farming tax in communities budgets were not differentiated, depending on kind of communities. Trends in chosen ratios in all communities (villages and other) were in general similar.
Cytowanie	Chmielewska M. (2009) Podatek rolny w dochodach budżetowych gmin.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 77: 187-197
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n77_s187.pdf

Autor	Sławomir Juszczyk, Artur Nagórka
Tytuł	Fundusze parasolowe i lokaty bankowe jako miejsce gotówki przedsiębiorstwa
Title	The umbrella funds and bank locations as the place for cash of companies
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Abstract	Financial liquidity is one of the most important factors for the company growth and everyday operations. Since the mid of XX century there have been some attempts to find a right level of cash to be held by a company. Similar research was involved in deciding what to do when there is a surplus of cash that is going to be kept by the company for future purposes. The bank location could be good solution, but investment fund as the place for placing cash for a period of time is probably better. The rules of investment funds in Poland prevent an investor from any risk of fraud. Simultaneously there are some investment risks according to the profile of the given fund. From this point of view majority of investment funds are not suitable to serve as the place of investment for companies. The good solution is a money market fund due to the fact that only very low risk, or almost no risk, papers are in the portfolio of such funds. Obviously never very high yields are anticipated but still they are higher than deposits and far more flexible. The money market fund is particularly suitable for an investment when money can be shifted to a more aggressive fund at the steady growth market conditions. The mechanism of conversion between the funds allows it but in normal circumstances the profits are taxed straight after the operation. In order to avoid it the companies that run legal investment funds in Poland (TFI) introduced so called “umbrella funds” where the money market fund is one of the subfunds and money could be easily moved to another fund without immediate taxation. Therefore the money market fund within the umbrella fund could be the good place to keep company cash surplus.
Cytowanie	Juszczyk S., Nagórka A. (2009) Fundusze parasolowe i lokaty bankowe jako miejsce gotówki przedsiębiorstwa.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 77: 19-30
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n77_s19.pdf

Autor	Sławomir Juszczyk, Artur Nagórka
Tytuł	Finansowanie typu mezzanine jako rozwiązanie pośrednie między emisją akcji a kredytem bankowym
Title	Mezzanine fi nance as the type of fi nancing placed between the shares issue and the bank credit
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Abstract	Company in order to grow needs financing. The classic way is to acquire a credit from the bank. This is directly linked with the question of collateral what in case of the company is not the obvious choice. Another classic way of fi nuancing the company is the share issue. This solution is however linked with the question of ownership that is unavoidably diluted with every issue. Sometimes the company is on a excellent path of growth, does not want to disperse ownership, has already used all available asset for a collateral and still needs some capital because of the scale of the project. In this case the solution might be any of private capital sources. The possibility known since the 80’s is “mezzanine finance”. This is financing that combines some features of credit with some features of share issue and comes from the private investors. Because of its collateral, investment time range and the ways of running the company it is perceived to be appropriate for several years large projects generating sizeable and stable cash flows. This is as well a good path of development for the family run businesses where there is no evident heir and the management wishes to take over the company but lacks sufficient capital. Particularly in the times of crisis when the banks impose tight rules on credit policy and the stock exchange investors are reluctant to take any risks the mezzanine finance may be an answer for companies capital needs.
Cytowanie	Juszczyk S., Nagórka A. (2009) Finansowanie typu mezzanine jako rozwiązanie pośrednie między emisją akcji a kredytem bankowym.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 78: 47-58
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n78_s47.pdf

Autor	Joanna Bereżnicka
Tytuł	Dźwignia czy maczuga finansowa w realizacji decyzji inwestycyjnych w gospodarstwie rolniczym
Title	The financial leverage or bludgeon in aspects of investments decision in agriculture farm
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Abstract	In article undertook attempt to asses the financial leverage and rate on equity (ROE) in two agriculture farms which differentiate with the level of cash and financing strategy. The elaboration deals with two types of investments: purchase of a cropland area and animals, which were supported by preferential credit from Agency of Restructuring and Modernization of Agriculture (ARMA). The conducted research indicated that the level of cash did not affected the level of obtain financial leverage, whereas it was necessary to take advantage from foreign capital used in farm activity. The survey confirmed that farmers should not postpone investments because it had negative influence on the level of possible losses
Cytowanie	Bereżnicka J. (2009) Dźwignia czy maczuga finansowa w realizacji decyzji inwestycyjnych w gospodarstwie rolniczym.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 78: 237-247
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n78_s237.pdf

Autor	Dorota Hałaburda
Tytuł	Analiza płynności finansowej jednostek samorządu terytorialnego
Title	The liquidity fi nancial analysis of local governments
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Abstract	A financial analysis of local government is different than corporate. A budget is a instrument of financial management in local governments. Financial analysis of budgets should be considered one of more important instruments aimed at identification and estimation of a number of financial processes and phenomena occurring in local self-government units. The local government’s revenues achieved from taxes and the method of budget was the cash basis accounting. The analysis of financial indicator used in corporate like level of liquidity, may be used by local governments but it requires modification.
Cytowanie	Hałaburda D. (2009) Analiza płynności finansowej jednostek samorządu terytorialnego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 77: 151-161
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n77_s151.pdf

Autor	Aleksandra Wójcicka, Tomasz Wójtowicz
Tytuł	Wykorzystanie analizy wskaźnikowej w ocenie zdolności kredytowej przedsiębiorstwa – szanse i zagrożenia
Title	The ratio analysis in borrowing power of enterprises assessment – opportunities and menaces
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Abstract	Facing a global financial crisis the traditional financial analysis encounters entirely new challenges. Credit risk models used by banks require a dynamic analysis supplement. A cash fl ow is the base for such analysis which is performed more often than once a year, preferably quarterly. It will allow monitoring the financial standing of a company better not only before but also after giving a credit. In turn, the implementation of a working capital integrated management system in a company applying for a credit will limit its credit needs and improve the index analysis results both in static and dynamic approach
Cytowanie	Wójcicka A., Wójtowicz T. (2009) Wykorzystanie analizy wskaźnikowej w ocenie zdolności kredytowej przedsiębiorstwa – szanse i zagrożenia.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 78: 69-80
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n78_s69.pdf

Autor	Magdalena Forfa
Tytuł	Przepływy pieniężne w zarządzaniu finansami przedsiębiorstw
Title	Cash flow in the management of fi nancial enterprise
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Abstract	The study presents the importance of cash flow in the management of financial enterprise. Cash flow is used for management of liquidity, bankruptcy prediction and credit risk assessment. The ratio analysis in research based on cash flow complements information about the financial situation and regards to cash approach. The traditional indexes calculated on the basis of data from the balance sheet and income statement do not provide complete information about the financial situation of the enterprise. This reflects from financial results which are considered as non-cash transactions, such as depreciation. Cash flow rules emphasized the importance of cash in a free market economy. The enterprise could generate the profit but due to the lack of liquidity it goes bankrupt. It is not mandatory for all enterprises to draw up the cash flow statement. For this reason, the analysis of cash flow is often ignored.
Cytowanie	Forfa M. (2009) Przepływy pieniężne w zarządzaniu finansami przedsiębiorstw.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 78: 248-260
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n78_s248.pdf

Autor	Barbara Wyrzykowska
Tytuł	Pomiar kapitału ludzkiego w organizacji
Title	THE MEASUREMENT OF THE HUMANE CAPITAL IN THE ORGANIZATION
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Abstract	The 21st century is the time of effective human capital management. In the traditional approach the enterprise’s value is influenced by amount of material assets and their ability to generate future profits estimated in cash flows. Most of the companies however build their economical power but basing only on book value is very limited. This suggests that there are assets visible to the market, but not reflected in the financial reports. In the assessment of companies’ running effectiveness and their market value there are several issues that become more and more important: knowledge, management’s and employees’ skills, innovations in company’s running, flexibility of management, promptness and quality of decision making. It seems that in the future swift and successful companies will make use the human capital reporting, what will give them competitive advantage at the valuation
Cytowanie	Wyrzykowska B. (2008) Pomiar kapitału ludzkiego w organizacji.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 66: 159-170
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n66_s159.pdf

Autor	Joanna Bereżnicka, Justyna Franc-Dąbrowska
Tytuł	Przepływy pieniężne według Krajowego Standardu Rachunkowości i Międzynarodowych Standardów Rachunkowości – studium porównawcze
Title	COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CASH FLOW APPROACHES IN POLISH AND INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
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Abstract	The article presents similarities and differences in Cash Flow Account approaches between Polish Accounting Standards and International Accounting Standards (IAS). The analysis show that the approach is not homogeneous and additionally IAS often leaves much space for various interpretations. Additionally IAS recommends to apply the direct method in presenting cash flows from operating activities as more useful, especially in financial planning
Cytowanie	Bereżnicka J., Franc-Dąbrowska J. (2008) Przepływy pieniężne według Krajowego Standardu Rachunkowości i Międzynarodowych Standardów Rachunkowości – studium porównawcze.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 66: 183-194
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n66_s183.pdf

Autor	Irena Kropsz
Tytuł	Ocena struktur przepływów pieniężnych przedsiębiorstw branży rolno-spożywczej na Dolnym Śląsku
Title	ASSESSMENT OF CASH FLOW STRUCTURE OF FOOD INDUSTRY COMPANIES FROM LOWER SILESIA REGION
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Abstract	The paper assesses the cash flow structure of food industry companies from Lower Silesia region in 2002–2004. The research aimed to determine the directions of net cash flow in different types of business activity, namely: operational, investment and financial. Moreover the way the financial gross margin was generated has been assessed. The net profit worked out by the enterprise is not only one measure of its financial condition and not only condition of its existence. There are other important factors, out of which the cash flow is very important. The cash flow determines the liquidity and solvency of the company. The Cash Flow Account describes the flow of money between the balance at the beginning and the balance at the end of the period. It gives the possibility to assess the company’s ability to generate the cash. In short period the cash not the profit is of key importance for a company. Moreover it shows changes that took place in certain positions of balance sheet due to cash flows. It allows also to determine main direction of outflow of cash and to analyze the mechanisms which influence the financial situation of a company.
Cytowanie	Kropsz I. (2008) Ocena struktur przepływów pieniężnych przedsiębiorstw branży rolno-spożywczej na Dolnym Śląsku.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 64: 163-173
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n64_s163.pdf

Autor	Ewa Krawczyk
Tytuł	Zastosowanie strategii zabezpieczającej przed ryzykiem zmiany kursu walutowego w kontraktach futures na Warszawskiej Giełdzie Towarowej
Title	The use of Hedging against Risk of Exchange Rate Changes in Futures Quoted on the Warsaw Commodity Exchange
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Abstract	On the Warsaw Commodity Exchange there are quoted futures on agricultural goods and financial instruments. Futures can be used to hedge against unfavourable changes on the cash market. In the paper the model of hedging use in futures on euro was presented. Two scenarios of hedging use were worked out: pessimistic and optimistic. The analysis showed, that thanks to sale hedging, within both of the scenarios, a negative impact of foreign exchange risk on the financial result of wheat sale on the cash market was minimised. An investor was secured of profit from the transaction at the level of 260,000 zloty
Cytowanie	Krawczyk E. (2007) Zastosowanie strategii zabezpieczającej przed ryzykiem zmiany kursu walutowego w kontraktach futures na Warszawskiej Giełdzie Towarowej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 62: 29-39
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2007_n62_s29.pdf

Autor	Barbara Chmielewska
Tytuł	Płatności bezpośrednie jako forma wsparcia dochodów gospodarstw rolniczych w Polsce po integracji z Unią Europejską
Title	Directs payments as a form of support for agricultural housholds income in Poland after integration with the EU
Słowa kluczowe	dochody gospodarstw domowych, dopłaty bezpośrednie
Key words	households income, direct payments
Abstrakt	Jedną z podstawowych form wsparcia dochodów rolniczych w Polsce po integracji z UE są dopłaty bezpośrednie. Korzysta z niej około 72-76% uprawnionych gospodarstw (powyżej 1 ha). Liczba złożonych wniosków o dopłaty w stosunku do liczby zarejestrowanych producentów wynosi 80-85%. Jeszcze znaczna liczba gospodarstw rolnych powyżej 1 ha pozostaje poza tą formą finansowego wsparcia. Przeciętne gospodarstwo rolne otrzymało w 2004 i 2005 roku po około 4 600 zł dopłat (razem JPO i UPO), a w przeliczeniu na 1 ha użytków rolnych 400-500 zł, natomiast w przeliczeniu na 1 osobę w 5-cio hektarowym gospodarstwie rolniczym od 20 do 45,5 zł miesięcznie. Nie są więc to kwoty stanowiące znaczący dodatek do budżetu rodzinnego. Nie wszyscy rolnicy w jednakowym stopniu skorzystali z dopłat. Było to skorelowane głównie z obszarem gospodarstwa oraz rodzajem i strukturą upraw. Faktycznie najmniej zyskiwały te gospodarstwa, których w Polsce jest najwięcej, a więc małe, 1-5-hektarowe. Podobna jest sytuacja w UE, gdzie 50% gospodarstw dostaje zaledwie 3,0% dotacji, zaś 2,2% rolników otrzymuje 30% całej ich puli
Abstract	Direct payments are one of the basic forms of support for agricultural income, which is used by 72-76% authorized farm households. Relation of number of applications to number of registered producers amounts to 80-85%. There is still a large number of farm households possessing above 1 ha of agricultural land which do not take advantage of this kind of subsidy. Average farm household received in 2004 and 2005 an average payment of 4600 PLN (including SAP and SSP), which gives 400-500 PLN per hectare of farmland and 20-45.5 PLN monthly per capita in a farm household with 5 hectares. So, that is not a big cash bonus. Not all of farmers benefited in the same way. The revenue was mainly linked with farm area and thee kind and structure of crop production. In fact the most numerous households in Poland, which means the smallest ones with 1-5 hectasres of farmland, gained the least. Similar situation is also in the UE, where 50% of households receive 3.0% of payments and on the other side 2.2% of farmers receive 30% of all payments
Cytowanie	Chmielewska B. (2007) Płatności bezpośrednie jako forma wsparcia dochodów gospodarstw rolniczych w Polsce po integracji z Unią Europejską.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 2(17), z. 2: 28-34
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2007_T2(17)_n2_s28.pdf