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Autor	Dionizy Niezgoda
Tytuł	Elastyczność produkcyjna i dochodowa procesu produkcji w towarowych gospodarstwach rolnych
Title	Production and income elasticity of production process in commodity farms
Słowa kluczowe	gospodarstwa rolne, skala produkcji, elastyczność produkcyjna i dochodowa, funkcja produkcji, skuteczność i sprawność zarządzania
Key words	agricultural holdings, scale of production, elasticity of production and income, production function, effectiveness and efficiency of management
Abstrakt	Wykorzystując funkcję Cobba-Duglasa, oszacowano elastyczność produkcji i dochodu względem zagregowanych czynników produkcji, tj. ziemi, pracy i kapitału, w towarowych gospodarstwach rolnych dla danych liczbowych zebranych w 2004 i 2007 roku dla potrzeb Polskiego FADN. W obu badanych latach wystąpiły korzyści skali. Produkcja (SE131) wywołana wzrostem o 1% nakładów badanych czynników, tj. ziemi (SE025), pracy (SE011) i kosztów ogółem (SE270), zwiększyła się w 2004 roku o 1,0845% a w 2007 roku o 1,0713%. Z kolei elastyczność dochodowa wyniosła 1,2246% w roku 2004 i 1,1363% w roku 2007 gdy nakłady czynników SE025, SE011 i SE270 zwiększono o 1 pp. Głównym czynnikiem określającym elastyczność produkcji i dochodu były koszty ogółem (SE270).
Abstract	The purpose of the presented paper was to conduct a comparative analysis of elasticity of relations between production factors (SE025, SE011 and SE270) in six economic size classes of farms and their performance measured by total production (SE131), as well as farm’s income (SE420). The formulated purpose was attained with the help of the Cobb- Douglas function. The data was gathered from 11689 farms that had been collecting data for the Polish FADN in 2007. The research results reveal that the farms within the class up to 4 ESU experienced the disadvantages of production scale while the rest of the farms experienced the advantages of scale. The level of coefficients of production elasticity in relation to the factors in most farms classes was lower than the level of coefficients calculated on the assumption of farms’ income being a dependent variable. The share of particular factors in the impact on the level of farms’ elasticity in relation to their economic power was different as well.
Cytowanie	Niezgoda D. (2010) Elastyczność produkcyjna i dochodowa procesu produkcji w towarowych gospodarstwach rolnych.Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria G, t. 97, z. 3: 186-196
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2010_n3_s186.pdf

Autor	Konrad Czarnecki
Tytuł	Atrakcyjność turystyczna i ruch turystyczny w parkach narodowych województwa podlaskiego
Title	Touristic Attractiveness and Tourist Movement in National Parks of Podlaskie Province
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Abstract	This work presents comparative analysis of tourist movement in national parks of podlaskie province. It shows whether national parks of podlaskie province, which are the most attractive, concentrated the biggest tourist movement of visitors from Warsaw and other tourists. In this work there are also shown tourists preferences based on questionnaire brought through Warsaw tourists. In three national parks of podlaskie province thesis was positively verified, in which there is significant positive relationship between touristic attractiveness and tourist traffic. Biebrzański National Park turned out to be an exceptinon
Cytowanie	Czarnecki K. (2009) Atrakcyjność turystyczna i ruch turystyczny w parkach narodowych województwa podlaskiego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 73: 165-173
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n73_s165.pdf

Autor	Danuta Zawadzka
Tytuł	Znaczenie zobowiązań krótkoterminowych w finansowaniu przedsiębiorstw w Polsce – analiza porównawcza według sekcji PKD
Title	The importance of current liabilities in financing businesses in Poland – a comparative analysis according to the section in polish statistical classifi cation of economic activities
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Abstract	The aim of this paper is to assess the significance of current liabilities in financing businesses in Poland. The proposed thesis assumed that it is variable and highly dependent on the specificity of the sector in which the business operates. The article is a part of a broader study concerned the short-term finuancing sources of businesses in Poland. It presents the empirical verification based on the data from the Polish Central Statistical Office in 1998–2007. The statistical data include financial results of businesses keeping accounting books, in which the number of employees exceeds 9. Current liabilities of the companies were presented according to the types of activities based on the Polish Statistical Classification of Economic Activities.
Cytowanie	Zawadzka D. (2009) Znaczenie zobowiązań krótkoterminowych w finansowaniu przedsiębiorstw w Polsce – analiza porównawcza według sekcji PKD.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 76: 85-94
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n76_s85.pdf

Autor	Valda Bratka, Arturs Praulinš
Tytuł	Diversity of Farm Indebtedness in Latvia and Poland: a Comparative Study
Title	Diversity of Farm Indebtedness in Latvia and Poland: a Comparative Study
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Key words	debt, liabilities, Latvian farms, Polish farms, comparative analysis
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Abstract	The use of borrowed capital in Latvian agricultural holdings of different economic size and type of farming is analyzed, as well as a comparative analysis with Polish agricultural holdings is performed, defining essential specificities of financing activities with equity or loan in each state. The liabilities burden in Latvian field crop and dairy farms is calculated and discussed in detail. For the assessment ratio of the statistical significance of differences between Latvian and Polish agricultural holdings the debt-to-equity and total liabilities per ESU, per 1 ha UAA and 1 LU, a statistical testing is carried out and main conclusions about an impact of the type of farming, the economic size and the chronological factor are formulated.
Cytowanie	Bratka V., Praulinš A. (2009) .Scientific Journal Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW - Problems of World Agriculture, t. 6(21), z. : 10-25
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2009_T6(21)_n_s10.pdf

Autor	Wojciech Sroka
Tytuł	Instrumenty finansowego wsparcia obszarów wiejskich w Polsce i Bawarii – analiza porównawcza
Title	Financial instruments for promoting development in rural areas of Bavaria and Poland. a comparative analysis
Słowa kluczowe	rozwój obszarów wiejskich, analiza porównawcza, Polska, Bawaria
Key words	development in rural areas, comparative analysis, Poland, Bavaria
Abstrakt	Od momentu wejścia Polski do Unii Europejskiej polska wie. i rolnictwo zostały objęte wsparciem w ramach Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej i Funduszy Strukturalnych. Duże zróżnicowanie rolnictwa w krajach UE powoduje, iż państwa członkowskie UE zobowiązane są do formułowania własnych dostosowanych do regionalnych warunków programów rozwoju obszarów wiejskich. W opracowaniu przedstawiono dwa programy: polski Program Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich (PROW) i jego niemiecki regionalny odpowiednik Bawarski Program Rozwoju Rolnictwa i Obszarów Wiejskich (BayZAL
Abstract	In this working paper the polish program for the development of rural areas (PROW) and its German counterpart, the Bavarian future program for agriculture and rural areas (BayZAL) are analyzed. The main purpose of this examination is the comparison of aims and instruments for the promotion of agriculture and rural areas. In the centre of the analysis are the programs´ focuses and most important measures. The analysis showed, that the examined programs show differences in the area of financing. They reveal both in the focuses as in the promotion of certain measures. In the two programs dominate different philosophies concerning the financing of concrete measures and main activities. They result from the disparities in economic development and the quality of local human capital
Cytowanie	Sroka W. (2009) Instrumenty finansowego wsparcia obszarów wiejskich w Polsce i Bawarii – analiza porównawcza.Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria G, t. 96, z. 3: 49-57
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2009_n3_s49.pdf

Autor	Stanisław Mańko, Roman Sass, Tadeusz Sobczyński
Tytuł	Zmiany poziomu zrównoważenia płynności finansowej w gospodarstwach rolniczych UE w latach 1989–2005
Title	CHANGES IN BALANCING OF FINANCIAL LIQUIDITY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION’S AGRICULTURAL FARMS IN THE YEARS 1989–2005
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Abstract	The paper aims to analyze the changes in balancing of financial liquidity that took place in the European Union’s agricultural farms in the years 1989–2005. The comparative analysis was executed for chosen types of farms, namely: field crops (TF13), diary farms (TF41) and granivores livestock (TF50) based on current ratio. There were analyzed data collected by the EU Farm Accountancy Data Network. The results show that in analyzed period the average value of current ratio for chosen types of farms was at the level 2.5–4.5 comparing to 3.75–4.75 for all farms. Comparing only the chosen types of farms in 2005 the average values of their current ratio was very similar: 3.72–3.99, which is higher than recommended optimal value 1.5–2.0. However the current ratio values differs signify cantly among countries and were changing with no correlation. This did not allow to determine a trend for different types of farms in whole European Union. Regardless the type of farming low values of current ratio are observed in Denmark and Great Britain, the average values in Germany and France and the high values in Belgium, Italy, Portugal and Finland. The differences in current ratio between EU countries seams to be more significant than the differences between analyzed types of farming
Cytowanie	Mańko S., Sass R., Sobczyński T. (2008) Zmiany poziomu zrównoważenia płynności finansowej w gospodarstwach rolniczych UE w latach 1989–2005.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 64: 5-22
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n64_s5.pdf

Autor	Michał Ambroziak
Tytuł	Międzynarodowy Standard Sprawozdawczości Finansowej dla MŚP a specyfika małej i średniej przedsiębiorczości w Polsce
Title	INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES VERSUS SPECIFIC CHARACTER OF SMES IN POLAND
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Abstract	The paper aims to present a comparative analysis of two different forms of financial reporting of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). There will be compared international and Polish standards. The analysis focuses on the subjective scope of those solutions. The paper is an attempt to answer the question: For which entities those solutions are designed? In the opinion of the author, the national and international solutions present different approaches to the issues discussed in the paper. This divergence is a consequence, first of all, of the different notion of SMEs. In other words, the Exposure Draft of the proposed International Financial Reporting Standard for Small and Medium-sized Entities, in the opinion of the author, is incompatible with the specificity of SMEs in Poland
Cytowanie	Ambroziak M. (2008) Międzynarodowy Standard Sprawozdawczości Finansowej dla MŚP a specyfika małej i średniej przedsiębiorczości w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 66: 171-181
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n66_s171.pdf

Autor	Joanna Bereżnicka
Tytuł	Kredyt i leasing – porównawcza analiza płatności
Title	Credit and leasing – comparative analysis of payments
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Abstract	The paper attempts to analyze repayment amounts of bank loan and leasing instalments. In both cases various interest rates have been applied. Additionally for the bank loan various repayment versions have been used. The paper argues that bank loan and leasing are popular alternative forms of financing investments. The conducted analysis show that applying the same repayment rates leasing is less costly form of investments’ financing than bank loan. The computing show that decreasing interest rate of bank loan by a few percentage points causes that total amount of repayment is the same as in case of leasing. Thus the costs of gaining capital will become similar too. The obtained results could be used in a decision process of investments. However it should be also pointed out that there are many alternative forms of financing investments
Cytowanie	Bereżnicka J. (2008) Kredyt i leasing – porównawcza analiza płatności.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 69: 31-41
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n69_s31.pdf

Autor	Adam Pawlewicz, Katarzyna Pawlewicz
Tytuł	Zróżnicowanie przestrzenne produkcji ekologicznej w Polsce
Title	Spatial differentiation of organic agricultural production in Poland
Słowa kluczowe	rolnictwo ekologiczne, przetwórstwo ekologiczne, produkcja ekologiczna
Key words	organic agriculture, organic food processing, organic production
Abstrakt	Polska posiada sprzyjające warunki naturalne do rozwoju rolnictwa ekologicznego. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie i ocena zróżnicowania przestrzennego produkcji surowców żywnościowych pochodzących z gospodarstw produkującymi metodami ekologicznymi oraz przetwórstwa tych produktów w Polsce. Przeprowadzono analizę porównawczą, wykorzystując dane statystyczne z opracował GUS, IJHARS oraz Ministerstwa Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi, dotyczące gospodarstw produkujących metodami ekologicznymi oraz przetwórni produkujących ekologiczną żywność w Polsce.
Abstract	Poland has favourable natural conditions for development of the ecological agriculture. The aim of this article is to display and evaluate the spatial differentiation of production of raw material for food products coming from organic farms as well as of processing of these products in Poland. A comparative analysis was conducted using the GUS statistical data, the IJHARS data as well as those from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, related to organic farming as well as to food processing plants producing the organic food in Poland
Cytowanie	Pawlewicz A., Pawlewicz K. (2008) Zróżnicowanie przestrzenne produkcji ekologicznej w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 5(20), z. : 109-115
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2008_T5(20)_n_s109.pdf

Autor	Valda Bratka, Arturs Praulinš
Tytuł	Impact of the accession to the EU on the performance of agricultural holdings in the Baltic States and Poland: a comparative study
Title	Impact of the accession to the EU on the performance of agricultural holdings in the Baltic States and Poland: a comparative study
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Key words	accession to the EU, subsidies for agriculture, net value added, production net value added, net investments
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Abstract	In the result of the EU enlargement not only a united legislative and economical body was formed on European basis, but also the support payments in many branches of economy in the new member states have increased substantially, including those in agriculture and rural development. A brief characteristics of place of agriculture in the economy of the Baltic states and Poland is given in the article, as well as that of the changes in total amount of support achieved before the entry into the EU. The effect of this support upon different agricultural holdings performance parameters (net value added, production net value added, net investments) in the period of years 2002-2006 is studied. A comparative analysis gave basis for the conclusions on the specificity of support use in the economic activity of holdings in different states.
Cytowanie	Bratka V., Praulinš A. (2008) .Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 3(18), z. : 14-25
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2008_T3(18)_n_s14.pdf

Autor	Justyna Majewska
Tytuł	Estymatory odporne zmienności w modelu wyceny Blacka-Scholesa
Title	Robust estimators of volatility in the Black-Scholes option picing model
Słowa kluczowe	odporne estymatory zmienności, t-estymatory, A-estymatory, model wyceny Blacka-Scholesa, odchylenie standardowe, odchylenie medianowe, punkty odstające, funkcja wpływu, punkt załamania, maksimum odchylenia
Key words	robust estimators of volatility, t-estimator, A-estimator, Black-Scholes option pricing model, standard deviation, median absolute deviation, outliers, influence function, breakdown point, maximum bias
Abstrakt	Najważniejszym etapem przy wycenie opcji jest właściwe oszacowanie zmienności instrumentu finansowego. W przypadku występowania w zbiorze danych finansowych obserwacji odstających oraz grubych ogonów w rozkładzie danych zastosowanie znajdują odporne estymatory. W pracy przedstawione zostały odporne estymatory zmienności: t-estymatory oraz Aestymatory pozwalające na dokładniejsze wyznaczenie parametru zmienności. Dokonaliśmy analizy porównawczej wartości opcji na indeks WIG20 WGPW biorąc pod uwagę klasyczne odchylenie standardowe, odchylenie medianowe MAD, Aestymator oraz t-estymator. Wartości opcji zostały wyznaczone za pomocą powszechnie stosowanego przez inwestorów modelu wyceny europejskiej opcji kupna Blacka-Scholesa. Ponadto, w pracy przedstawiliśmy narzędzia modelowania odpornego do wykrywania obserwacji wpływowych i nietypowych oraz do analizy wpływu odporności estymatorów na pewne odstępstwa od założonego modelu
Abstract	Correct estimation of volatility of financial asset is the most important stage in option pricing. Financial time series have two features which prevent use of conventional estimators of volatilities such as outliers and leptokurtotic tails of data distributions. In this paper, we presented robust estimators of volatility testimators and A-estimators, which are required to achieve stable and accurate results. We made comparative analysis of option’s values on index WIG20 in Warsaw Stock Exchange taking into consideration following volatility parameters: standard deviation, median absolute deviation, t-estimator and A-estimator. The values of options were estimated by generally known the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Besides, we presented three most popular robustness measures and powerful tools of robust statistic for outlying observations identification
Cytowanie	Majewska J. (2006) Estymatory odporne zmienności w modelu wyceny Blacka-Scholesa.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 60: 219-230
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2006_n60_s219.pdf

Autor	Natalia Gudkowa
Tytuł	Metody oceny kadr w warunkach rynkowych
Title	Methods of staff appraisal in a market economy
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Key words	staff appraisal, Byelorussia
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Abstract	The author discusses problems of the managerial staff appraisal in Byelorussia. A comparative analysis of modern methods of staff appraisal is performed. The reasons for a high level of migration of the administrative staff in the country and problems with their payment are revealed.
Cytowanie	Gudkowa N. (2006) Metody oceny kadr w warunkach rynkowych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 15, z. : 417-423
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2006_T15_n_s417.pdf

Autor	Artur Kowalczyk, Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Ocena konkurencyjności spółdzielni mleczarskich
Title	The evaluation of Dairy Cooperatives' Competitiveness
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Abstract	The study presents the comparative analysis of competitiveness' level of dairy cooperatives, which exports their products to the UE market and cooperatives from Świętokrzyskie province, which are not entitled to the export to the UE market. Cooperatives exporting their products to the UE market (group A) in the years 1998-2001 showed the increase of milk processing while in cooperatives from Świętokrzyskie province the decrease ensued. The cooperatives from group A were also characterized by three times higher level of average delivery of milk as well as the share in the purchase of extra class milk. In 2001 cooperatives Świętokrzyskie province incurred loss while group A cooperatives achieved increasing significant profit. The competitive strength of milk · deliverers is larger in a group of cooperatives in Świętokrzyskie province because those cooperatives do not achieve the cost advantage for the sake of the low concentration of the production. The biggest threat to dairy cooperatives is in the buyers' strong influence on the volume of sale and in buyers' possibility to change a cooperative delivering them dairy products. The level of competition's intensity in the scope of products offered by cooperatives was similar, highest in the case of milk, cheese, sour and sour cream and lowest in case of powder milk and butter. The necessity of covering large capital needs as well as difficulties in access to distribution channels were described as largest barriers to entry and considerable small barrier is the competitive activity of already existing enterprises. In the opinion of cooperatives' managers the possibility of appearing new substitutes of dairy products, except for butter, is low.
Cytowanie	Kowalczyk A., Wasilewski M. (2004) Ocena konkurencyjności spółdzielni mleczarskich.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 52: 47-62
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2004_n52_s47.pdf

Autor	Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Wyniki i organizacja produkcji w gospodarstwach rolniczych o różnych formach organizacyjno-prawnych
Title	The Outputs and the Production Organization in Different Organizational and Property Forms of Agricultural Farms
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Abstract	In the paper the comparative analysis of !he organization and the productivity per unit of the plant and animal production in different organizational and property forms of agricultural farms is presented. The share of agricultural land in total area was similar in all of the farms' groups, the area of agricultural land in private farms increased insignificantly while in another farms it decreased. Those farms were characterized by the lowest area. Companies were characterized by the lowest level of labour force reserves while in private farms those reserves were the highest. In all of the farms' groups cereals dominated in the structure of sown, the most in private farms, and the least in companies owned to A WRSP. The differences between farms as regards fertilizing with mineral fertilizers were not large, and the highest crops of cereals occurred in A WRSP companies. The highest number of livestock occurred in private farms and the lowest in A WRSP companies. In the structure of the herd of animals swine predominated in private farms and in the rest of farms' groups cattle predominated. Private farms were characterized by the highest effectiveness of reserves of resources to the production usage while companies incurred losses.
Cytowanie	Wasilewski M. (2004) Wyniki i organizacja produkcji w gospodarstwach rolniczych o różnych formach organizacyjno-prawnych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 53: 127-142
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2004_n53_s127.pdf