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Autor	Viktoriia Baidala, Vira Butenko, Olena Slavkova, Andrii Sukhostavets
Tytuł	STRATEGIC FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOECONOMY DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	bioeconomy, concept of the state strategy for the development of bioeconomy, innovative development
Key words
Abstrakt	The purpose of this study is to identify the global trends in bioeconomic development and to develop the Concept of a State Strategy of Bioeconomic Development in Ukraine for the period until 2030. The authors define the bioeconomy as a set of industries that ensure the sustainable use of renewable resources, the use of biotechnologies for production while reducing the potential environmental damage, contributing to the innovative development of relevant sectors, and providing positive aspects of socio-economic development. The article formulates approaches to measuring the state and effectiveness of the bioeconomic development in Ukraine and the EU countries. Based on the analysis of world experience, it is concluded that to accelerate the development of the bioeconomy in Ukraine, it is necessary to develop the Strategy for the development of the bioeconomy in Ukraine. The conceptual foundations of such a Strategy have been developed by the authors of the article. The results of the study are the basis for the development and implementation of the State Strategy for the Development of Bioeconomy in Ukraine. The relevance of this study is determined by the absence of the Bioeconomic Development Strategy in Ukraine, which makes it difficult for the country to reach a new technological and innovative level of development. At the same time, the development and implementation of this Strategy will help Ukraine enter the international system of production of new knowledge and technologies.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Baidala V., Butenko V., Slavkova O., Sukhostavets A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2020_n4_s30.pdf

Autor	Kaja Karwowska, Magdalena Skotnicka, Maria Śmiechowska
Tytuł	Tea Production and its Forecasts, and the Possibility of Tea Cultivation in the Context of Environmental Requirements in China
Title	Tea Production and its Forecasts, and the Possibility of Tea Cultivation in the Context of Environmental Requirements in China
Słowa kluczowe	tea, plantations, crop types, climate changes, local ecosystems
Key words	tea, plantations, crop types, climate changes, local ecosystems
Abstrakt	The present study demonstrates the reasons for the foundation of tea plantations and conditions of their cultivation. The limitations and negative consequences of cultivation of tea plants along with the ideas for their minimization are shown. Plantations were created to optimize the harvest. However, it has been found that they negatively influence local ecosystems. The global demand for tea leaves is constantly growing. Due to the specific climate requirements of tea plants and progressive climate changes, the arable land area suitable for their cultivation is constantly decreasing. New solutions should be implemented as soon as possible, ensuring a constant supply of raw material. Otherwise, in the next few years tea may become a luxury product. FAO has presented the activities that could reduce the losses. At the moment, the best solution might be to change crop types and diversify sources of raw material. It is also highlighted that there is a need to carry out research aiming at developing varieties of Camella sinensis with lower climate requirements.
Abstract	The present study demonstrates the reasons for the foundation of tea plantations and conditions of their cultivation. The limitations and negative consequences of cultivation of tea plants along with the ideas for their minimization are shown. Plantations were created to optimize the harvest. However, it has been found that they negatively influence local ecosystems. The global demand for tea leaves is constantly growing. Due to the specific climate requirements of tea plants and progressive climate changes, the arable land area suitable for their cultivation is constantly decreasing. New solutions should be implemented as soon as possible, ensuring a constant supply of raw material. Otherwise, in the next few years tea may become a luxury product. FAO has presented the activities that could reduce the losses. At the moment, the best solution might be to change crop types and diversify sources of raw material. It is also highlighted that there is a need to carry out research aiming at developing varieties of Camella sinensis with lower climate requirements.
Cytowanie	Karwowska K., Skotnicka M., Śmiechowska M. (2019) Tea Production and its Forecasts, and the Possibility of Tea Cultivation in the Context of Environmental Requirements in China.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 1: 180-191
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s180.pdf

Autor	Kinga Gruziel, Małgorzata Raczkowska
Tytuł	The Taxation of Agriculture in the European Union Countries
Title	The Taxation of Agriculture in the European Union Countries
Słowa kluczowe	tax, taxation of agriculture, agricultural tax
Key words	tax, taxation of agriculture, agricultural tax
Abstrakt	The paper sets out the key principles for taxation of agriculture in selected European Union countries. The theoretical foundations of tax systems in the context of their functions and features specified as desirable in the literature are discussed. EU agricultural taxation systems are presented in reference to optimisation and tax competitiveness. Some shared features of these agricultural taxation systems were pointed out and their division in two basic models (the British model and the continental model), which was presented taking as example the countries in which these models operate. Taxation of income derived from agricultural business activity is a natural direction of changes in tax systems. The tax policy implemented in the European Union countries in relation to agriculture make use of the principle of tax justice to the highest possible extent. The diversity of the tax rules and structures applied in the EU makes it possible to tax agricultural income without limiting the development potential of agricultural enterprises (farms), and often stimulates them. The form of individual tax systems results from numerous economic, social and political circumstances. Special tax treatment of agriculture is expressed through tax construction elements, e.g. right to deduct the value of generated loss or investment expenditure from taxable income.
Abstract	The paper sets out the key principles for taxation of agriculture in selected European Union countries. The theoretical foundations of tax systems in the context of their functions and features specified as desirable in the literature are discussed. EU agricultural taxation systems are presented in reference to optimisation and tax competitiveness. Some shared features of these agricultural taxation systems were pointed out and their division in two basic models (the British model and the continental model), which was presented taking as example the countries in which these models operate. Taxation of income derived from agricultural business activity is a natural direction of changes in tax systems. The tax policy implemented in the European Union countries in relation to agriculture make use of the principle of tax justice to the highest possible extent. The diversity of the tax rules and structures applied in the EU makes it possible to tax agricultural income without limiting the development potential of agricultural enterprises (farms), and often stimulates them. The form of individual tax systems results from numerous economic, social and political circumstances. Special tax treatment of agriculture is expressed through tax construction elements, e.g. right to deduct the value of generated loss or investment expenditure from taxable income.
Cytowanie	Gruziel K., Raczkowska M. (2018) The Taxation of Agriculture in the European Union Countries.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 4: 162-174
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n4_s162.pdf

Autor	Zenon Pokojski
Tytuł	IN SEARCHING FOR BUSINESS MODEL OPEN FOR INNOVATIONS ON AGRICULTURAL MARKET – CONCEPTUAL APPROACH
Title
Słowa kluczowe	open innovations, business model, cooperation platform, foundation
Key words
Abstrakt	Open innovation requires skills to manage various processes of knowledge development, such as the ability to acquire knowledge, its commercialization, development and protection of intellectual property, shaping the relationship between the company and its surroundings. Many companies declare openness to innovations, at the same time the organizational structure, existing procedures, management culture, incentive systems are not ready to seek and transfer knowledge. The biggest challenge for managers is to carry out a transformation process from closed organization to an origination that is open to innovation. The article analyses the possibility of building an organizational and legal structure with the so-called ‘permeable borders’, open to innovation. After reviewing the literature, analysing the cases of chemical companies, conducting interviews with members of the Grupa Azoty Puławy consortium, I propose a cooperation platform for various organizations operating for the agricultural market which is open to acquiring and implementing innovations, but also for outsourcing.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Pokojski Z.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s237.pdf

Autor	Jakub Piecuch, Joanna Szarek
Tytuł	Konkurencyjność gospodarki województwa małopolskiego a rozwój ekosystemu startupowego
Title	Competitiveness of the Economy of the Małopolska Region and the Development of the Startup Ecosystem
Słowa kluczowe	konkurencyjność, innowacyjność, startup, ekosystem startupowy
Key words	competitiveness, innovation, startup, startup ecosystem
Abstrakt	W XXI wieku konkurencyjna gospodarka regionu jest gospodarką opartą na wiedzy i nowych technologiach. Przedsiębiorstwa typu startup wraz z ekosystemem startupowym stały się wyznacznikiem innowacyjności regionu. Artykuł ma na celu ukazanie zależności pomiędzy rozwojem krakowskiego środowiska startupowego a wzrostem konkurencyjności województwa małopolskiego. Za podstawowe czynniki oddziałujące na konkurencyjność Małopolski uznano liczbę udzielonych patentów na wynalazki krajowe przez Urząd Patentowy RP, dynamikę zatrudnienia w B+R, nakłady inwestycyjne na B+R, liczbę przedsiębiorstw z kapitałem zagranicznym oraz PKB per capita w cenach bieżących. Po przeprowadzonej analizie korelacji wykazano, że najsilniejsze zależności zachodzą pomiędzy PKB per capita w cenach bieżących a liczbą przedsiębiorstw z kapitałem zagranicznym oraz nakładami inwestycyjnymi na B+R. Główny ośrodek miejski, jakim jest w analizowanym obszarze Kraków, stał się magnesem skupiającym wokół siebie osoby zakładające startupy, budujące innowacyjną gospodarkę oraz całe zaplecze biznesowe. Krakowski ekosystem startupowy ma pozytywny wpływ na konkurencyjność regionu małopolskiego z uwagi na gromadzenie wysoko wykwalifikowanego kapitału społecznego, krajowych i zagranicznych inwestorów, fundacji i instytucji wspierających pomysłodawców w zmaterializowaniu idei, działalności instytucji i administracji publicznej w kierunku współpracy z obszarem nauki i biznesu.
Abstract	In the 21st century, a region's competitive economy is an economy based on knowledge and new technologies. Startups with the startup ecosystem have become a determinant of a region's innovation. The article aims to show the dependence between the development of the Krakow startup environment and the increase in the competitiveness of the Malopolska region. The number of patents granted for national inventions by the Patent Office of the Republic of Poland, the dynamics of employment in R&D, capital expenditures on R&D, the number of enterprises with foreign capital and GDP per capita in current prices were considered the basic factors affecting the competitiveness of Malopolska. After the analysis of the correlation, it was shown that the strongest relationships occur between GDP per capita in current prices and the number of enterprises with foreign capital and investment outlays for R&D. The main city center, which is in the analyzed area of Krakow, has become a magnet for gathering people, creating startups, building an innovative economy and all business facilities. The Krakow startup ecosystem has a positive impact on the competitiveness of the Malopolska region due to the accumulation of highly qualified social capital, domestic and foreign investors, foundations and institutions supporting originators in materializing the idea, activities of institutions and public administration towards cooperation with the science and business area.
Cytowanie	Piecuch J., Szarek J. (2018) Konkurencyjność gospodarki województwa małopolskiego a rozwój ekosystemu startupowego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 1: 183-193
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n1_s183.pdf

Autor	Michał Leśniewski, Wioletta Pacholarz
Tytuł	SYNERGY AND DIVERSITY OF THE RESOURCES OF AN ENTERPRISE. KNOWLEDGE MANAGER – MODEL APPROACH
Title
Słowa kluczowe	manager knowledge, diversity enterprise resource, business management
Key words
Abstrakt	One of the fundamental problems relating to the management of the company is the manager and its employees’ as the human resource of the organisation. Managers with their staff and particularly positive relationship between them are able to build constructive foundation of the future undertakings. The aim of the white paper is to provide a fault energy and diversity of companies with the presentation of his concept of manager’s model knowledge. In the development of the adopted research hypotheses formulated as follows: First hypothesis research area: knowledge manager is a wizard synergetic and diversity of companies, second hypothesis research area: meteoric manager is provided through knowledge and be able to use this knowledge, Third research hypothesis: manager knowledge can be reflected in the form of a concept of material and the concept of an intangible asset. The development of a conceptual design and is based on the method of interpretation literature
Abstract
Cytowanie	Leśniewski M., Pacholarz W.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2018_n1_s35.pdf

Autor	Julian Krzyżanowski
Tytuł	Krajowe systemy zapewnienia jakości żywności w wybranych krajach Unii Europejskiej
Title	National Systems of Assuring Food Quality in Selected EU Countries
Słowa kluczowe	systemy jakości, żywność, Polska, Unia Europejska
Key words	quality systems, food, Poland, European Union
Abstrakt	Celem opracowania jest próba wykazania, że w warunkach polskich możliwe jest zbudowanie jednego narodowego (krajowego) systemu jakości. Jeden system jakości powodowałby lepszą jego rozpoznawalność dla wszystkich uczestników rynku, ułatwiłby szersze uczestnictwo w systemie dla podmiotów krajowych i w przyszłości zagranicznych. Zapobiegał by też chaosowi informacyjnemu. Jeden krajowy system zapewnienia jakości żywności jest powszechny w krajach Unii Europejskich. Przedstawienie zrębów systemu jakości w niektórych państwach UE jest dodatkowym, a właściwie pierwotnym celem artykułu.
Abstract	The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that it is possible in Polish conditions to create one national quality system. One system allows for better recognition for all market stakeholders. It enables broader participation in the system for national and in future foreign entities. Such system also prevents an information chaos. A single system also common in the EU countries. Presentation of the foundations of the system in some EU countries is both the additional and actually a primary objective of this article.
Cytowanie	Krzyżanowski J. (2017) Krajowe systemy zapewnienia jakości żywności w wybranych krajach Unii Europejskiej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 2: 136-143
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n2_s136.pdf

Autor	Marcin Krawczak, Włodzimierz Rembisz
Tytuł	Występowanie efektu Kinga na wybranych rynkach rolnych w Polsce
Title	Occurrence of King Effect on Selected Agricultural Markets in Poland
Słowa kluczowe	efekt Kinga, przychód, produkcja, podaż, cena
Key words	King-Davenant law, revenue, production, supply, price
Abstrakt	Efekt Kinga znany jest w literaturze naukowej już od początków XVIII wieku lecz do tej pory został on zbadany jedynie przez kilku ekonomistów. Ogólne omówienie zagadnienia w niniejszym artykule może być zalążkiem znacznie szerszych i bardziej szczegółowych badań zarówno ze strony teoretycznej jak i praktycznej. Wpierw przedstawiono przyjęte założenia oraz omówiono wcześniejsze prace dotyczące efektu Kinga by na koniec zweryfikować czy na sześciu rynkach w Polsce występuje efektu Kinga. Wykorzystane dane zostały pobrane z bazy danych GUS, które ewentualnie zostały uzupełnione danymi z Eurostatu.
Abstract	King's effect has been known in scientific literature since the beginning of the 18th century but until now has only been studied by several economists. The general discussion of the issue in this article may be the foundation of much broader and more detailed research both from theoretical and practical perspectives. Firstly, we have adopted the assumptions and discussed previous work on the King effect to finally verify whether the six markets in Poland have the King effect. The data used were taken from the GUS database, possibly supplemented by data from Eurostat.
Cytowanie	Krawczak M., Rembisz W. (2017) Występowanie efektu Kinga na wybranych rynkach rolnych w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 3: 217-225
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n3_s217.pdf

Autor	Teresa Zawojska
Tytuł	Arystotelesowska koncepcja człowieka podstawą racjonalnej działalności gospodarczej
Title	Aristotelian conception of a human being as the foundation of rational economic activity
Słowa kluczowe	Arystoteles, ekonomika, człowiek, byt zmysłowo-rozumny
Key words	Aristotle, economics, human being, sensual and rational being
Abstrakt	W artykule podjęto zagadnienie związku zachodzącego między wyznaczonym celem działalności gospodarczej a wcześniej przyjętą (implicite lub explicite) koncepcją człowieka. Analiza dzieł Stagiryty pokazuje, że u podstaw działalności wytwórczej pojmowanej nie jako cel sam w sobie, lecz jako narzędzie wspomagające rozwój naturalnych ludzkich potencjalności, stoi arystotelesowska koncepcja człowieka. Stagiryta zdefiniował człowieka jako istotę żyjącą (tj. cielesną), która posiada rozum. Oznacza to, że życie ludzkie postrzegał jako rozpięte między dwoma biegunami: zmysłowością wspólną ze światem zwierzęcym a rozumnością właściwą tylko człowiekowi, dzięki której transcenduje ową zmysłowość. Stąd Arystotelesowskie przekonanie, że wszelkie działania, w tym działania ekonomiczne, powinny uwzględniać transcendentny charakter bytu ludzkiego, nakierowanego na realizację celu, jakim jest rozwój ludzkiej rozumnej natury.
Abstract	This article analyses the link between the goal of economic activity and the adopted (explicitly or implicitly) concept of the human being. The analysis of the Aristotle’s works shows that productive activity conceived not as a goal in itself but as a tool supporting the development of natural human potential is based on Aristotelian concept of a human being. Aristotle defined the human being as a living creature (i.e. bodily creature) endowed with reason. This means that he perceived human life stretched between the two extremes: the sensuality common with the animal life and rationality proper solely to the human being, thanks to which the sensuality is transcended. Thus Aristotelian conviction that all activity, including economic activity should take into account the transcendent nature of the human being inclined toward realisation of the goal, which is the development of the rational human nature.
Cytowanie	Zawojska T. (2017) Arystotelesowska koncepcja człowieka podstawą racjonalnej działalności gospodarczej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 117: 5-18
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2017_n117_s5.pdf

Autor	Joanna Chudzian, Mariana Prynko
Tytuł	The features of marketing mix for non-profit organisations
Title	The features of marketing mix for non-profit organisations
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	marketing, marketing mix, non-profit organisations, NGOs
Abstrakt
Abstract	This article examines the concept of marketing mix for non-profit organisations. The authors suggest the use of “4Cs+people”, the elements of which include: consumer solution (mission, sphere of influence, role within the sphere of influence, representing common interests and advocacy, values for target audiences within the sphere of influence, goods and services offered for members, recipients and groups in the wider society), consumer cost (for members, volunteers, clients – service recipients, people and companies making individual financial and in-kind donations, organisations’ own employees, the mass media and legislators, employees of large international foundations and society in general), convenience (the place and means by which events are conducted), communication (advertisement, PR, communication strategy, communication style, how easily information can be found) and people (professionalism, attitude to people and job). We believe that this concept represents special features of the service sphere in general and of non-profit organisation operations in particular.
Cytowanie	Chudzian J., Prynko M.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2017_n1_s89.pdf

Autor	Mateusz Rak
Tytuł	Corporate Social Resposibility activities undertaken by enterprises
Title	Corporate Social Resposibility activities undertaken by enterprises
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	corporate philanthropy, CSR, strategy, corporate foundation
Abstrakt
Abstract	The paper shows areas of CSR included in corporate strategy, including particularly philanthropy, which may be pursued by an external organisation. It also presents areas of corporate social responsibility, providing a background for the results of the analysis of secondary data concerning the importance of CSR for enterprise. The procedure for creating a CSR strategy is explained and the possibilities of pursuing philanthropic tasks by an external organisation are shown. Using own research (the analysis of websites of 125 corporate foundations in Poland in 2015 and the results of the survey of 46 managers from corporate foundations), author present ways of delegating philanthropic tasks to corporate foundations and how the tasks are accomplished. This article is intended for researchers studying CSR and also for company managers who think about philanthropy.
Cytowanie	Rak M.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2017_n1_s109.pdf

Autor	Kateryna Zavalniuk
Tytuł	Diversification as a modern growth strategy in agriculture
Title	Diversification as a modern growth strategy in agriculture
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	strategy, marketing strategy, diversification, agrarian groups, agricultural enterprises
Abstrakt
Abstract	The aim of the article is to examine the theoretical foundations of diversification strategy and identify the characteristics of its application in agriculture. The relevance of diversification strategy research is that its implementation allows additional income to be made, ensures financial stability for enterprise when demand for basic products fluctuates, and strengthens the competitive position in chosen markets. The importance for enterprise of implementing growth strategy is discussed, as is the economic essence of “marketing strategy”. Dynamic changes in the market force producers to review their activity and seek a more optimum development strategy. Diversification can be the optimal strategy when market conditions are uncertain. The article analyzes the essence and types of diversification along with the benefits and disadvantages of diversification strategy. As a result of the research, features of diversification strategy for the agricultural sector were analysed, the essence of which may be found in the unification of agricultural products with other kinds of activity. This is done to decrease the risk arising from receding demand for main agricultural products. The study found that the most effective and least risky strategy is vertical diversification, which involves obtaining a synergistic effect and reducing transaction costs (through the use of a single production chain from field to consumer).
Cytowanie	Zavalniuk K.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2017_n1_s123.pdf

Autor	Mariana Bil
Tytuł	Population spatial mobility: essence and characteristics
Title	Population spatial mobility: essence and characteristics
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	population spatial mobility, movement, level of spatial mobility, personalitytypes of spatial mobility, immobility
Abstrakt
Abstract	The aim of the paper is to improve theoretical foundations of the research of the population spatial mobility as an actual socio-economic concept and development of its three-dimensional model. Two basic concepts are used to understand spatial mobility – “mobility” and “space”. The population spatial mobility is suggested to consider its property, which reflects desire, willingness and opportunities to change a place of residence in specified space-time coordinates, which is accompanied by human potential capitalization during implementation processes. Immobility as the opposite property of mobility is identified. A three-dimensional model of the population spatial mobility is considered. The characteristics of the population spatial mobility are generalized. They include: subjectivity, level and scale display, tempology, transformation, goal orientation, potentiality, functionality, the ability to adjust and measurability. All the characteristics are described. The author points out that the methodology to determine the level of the population spatial mobility needs developing. The different types of the population spatial mobility are described in order to assess its level. This is active-mobile and passive-mobile population. The structure of the population spatial mobility is formed depending on the dominance of a particular personality type. The scale of spatial mobility as an important characteristic reflects desire, willingness and opportunities of movement for a specified distance. Functionality as the characteristic of spatial mobility reveals its ability to perform such functions as movement provision, stagnation resistance, balancing and alignment, variability, alternativeness, freedom, protection, development, self-responsibility and individualization. Goal orientation shows that the mobile property of a person allows them to more quickly meet the needs through the achievement of demanded goals compared to other members of society who are immobile. The actuality of the research of the population spatial mobility in the context of human development is proved in the conclusions.
Cytowanie	Bil M.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2017_n2_s5.pdf

Autor	Mykola Orlykovskyi, Natalia Poprozman, Mirosław Wasilewski, Lesia Zaburanna
Tytuł	Methodological Aspects of Creating the System of Indicators of Crisis Prevention as the Foundation for Stabilization of Agricultural Production Based on Ukrainian Experience
Title
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	indicators of crisis, agricultural production, stabilization, crisis prevention, economic development, agrarian economy
Abstrakt
Abstract	The article deals with the methodological principles of determining the indicators of the economic development of agricultural production, which are based on the requirements of the EU Common Agricultural Policy and which will identify the possibility of crises both in agriculture and its sub-sectors, as well as the national economy as a whole. The system which is reacting to the crisis indicators and allows assessment of the stability of economic development of agricultural production was proposed. Analytical approaches to diagnosis prehistory development and identify indicators – reacting to the crisis indicators by analyzing and evaluating indexes of dynamics in periods of stability (relatively stable path of development) and the crisis (sharp kink economic dynamics) and graphically analytical method of determination. For sectors show synthetic indicators (agricultural production, the level of monetization of the economy, import-export ratio) that serve as functional criteria for identify in previous periods of force majeure or crisis as precursor’s crisis.
Cytowanie	Orlykovskyi M., Poprozman N., Wasilewski M., Zaburanna L. (2016) Methodological Aspects of Creating the System of Indicators of Crisis Prevention as the Foundation for Stabilization of Agricultural Production Based on Ukrainian Experience.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 16(31), z. 4: 308-321
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2016_T16(31)_n4_s308.pdf

Autor	Piotr Kułyk
Tytuł	Dysproporcje w wielkości finansowego wsparcia rolnictwa w wybranych krajach UE
Title	Disparities in the size of financial support for agriculture in selected EU countries
Słowa kluczowe	rolnictwo, finansowe wsparcie rolnictwa, wspólna polityka rolna
Key words	agriculture, financial support for agriculture, the common agricultural policy
Abstrakt	Celem opracowania było przedstawienie różnic w wysokości łącznego wsparcia rolnictwa w wybranych krajach UE. Z uwagi na brak stosownych miar zaproponowano własny sposób oszacowania wielkości wspomnianego wsparcia za pośrednictwem opracowanego miernika opartego na mikroekonomicznych podstawach. Badania systemu finansowego wsparcia rolnictwa przeprowadzono w dziesięciu krajach UE. okres badawczy obejmował lata 1995-2012. Badania ujawniły występowanie istotnych różnic w przepływach finansowych w ramach wspólnej polityki rolnej w krajach UE. Równocześnie obserwowano zwiększenie zbieżności między rozważanymi transferami, szczególnie w zakresie wsparcia przypisanego do produkcji rolnej. Odmienne dostosowania należy przypisać różnym funkcjom pełnionym przez rolnictwo w poszczególnych krajach.
Abstract	The aim of the study was to show the differences in the amount of total agricultural support in selected EU countries. Due to the lack of appropriate measures it proposed its own way to estimate the size of this aid through the developed instrument based on microeconomic foundations. The research system of financial support for agriculture was carried out in ten EU countries. research period covered the years 1995-2012. The study revealed the existence of significant differences in financial flows within the framework of the common agricultural policy in the EU. At the same time, an increase convergence between the contemplated transfers, especially in terms of support assigned to agricultural production. Dissimilar adapt should be assigned different functions which fully agriculture in different countries.
Cytowanie	Kułyk P. (2016) Dysproporcje w wielkości finansowego wsparcia rolnictwa w wybranych krajach UE.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 16(31), z. 3: 232-242
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2016_T16(31)_n3_s232.pdf

Autor	Eugeniusz Michalski
Tytuł	International competitive intelligence
Title
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	international trade, market, competition, commercial risk, price risk, international environment
Abstrakt
Abstract	Creating international competitive intelligence is the foundation of an enterprise’s entry and existence in a foreign market. Good preparation for international trade and the exchange of goods and services requires intelligence to be collected and examined. An enterprise needs to determine sources of competitive intelligence as well as set up foreign market entry strategies and activities under the existing conditions. For that, it must know the nature and scope of international competitive intelligence. To understand the factors shaping business activities, it should also study the competition between local and foreign enterprises in a foreign country, commercial organisations and risk in price fluctuations.
Cytowanie	Michalski E.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2016_n1_s67.pdf

Autor	Andrzej Czyżewski, Piotr Kułyk
Tytuł	Kwestia rolna od Aleksandra Czajanowa i Władysława Grabskiego po jej współczesne ujęcie
Title	THE AGRICULTURAL ISSUE IN STUDIES OF ALEXANDER CZAJANOV AND WŁADYSŁAW GRABSKI AND ITS MODERN APPROACH
Słowa kluczowe	rolnictwo, polityka gospodarcza, kwestia rolna, dobra publiczne
Key words	agriculture, economic policy, agrarian question, public goods
Abstrakt	W artykule przedstawiono współczesne rozumienie kwestii rolnej uwzględniające ewolucję poglądów na temat jej źródeł i sposobów rozwiązywania. Jedno z pierwotnych i ważniejszych ujęć ekonomiczno-społecznych tego problemu można odnaleźć w pracach Aleksandra Czajanowa oraz Władysława Grabskiego, a także innych współczesnych im autorów. Zwracali oni uwagę na ograniczenia w zakresie przemian strukturalnych w rolnictwie i specyfikę relacji popytowo-podażowych dotyczących produktów rolnych. Wychodząc od ich koncepcji, można przejść do obecnej interpretacji kwestii agrarnej, obejmującej znaczenie dóbr publicznych i procesów globalizacji oraz liberalizacji gospodarek poszczególnych krajów w warunkach istniejących barier strukturalnych w rolnictwie. W opracowaniu wykazano zmiany zachodzące w zakresie podejścia do kwestii rolnej i sposobów jej rozwiązywania ze względu na ekonomiczno-społeczne uwarunkowania instytucjonalne. Podkreślono też uniwersalność tej kwestii wynikającą z roli poszczególnych czynników produkcji zaangażowanych w rolnictwie, a także charakteru indywidualnych gospodarstw rolnych jako podmiotów gospodarczych. Wykazano związki pomiędzy zmianami zachodzącymi w relacjach popytowo-podażowych w sektorze rolnym a oddziaływaniem mechanizmu rynkowego, a także skutki tego mechanizmu. Wyeksponowano problem kształtowania optimum społecznego, a także transferu i retransferu nadwyżki ekonomicznej wytworzonej w rolnictwie dla jego zrównoważonego rozwoju. W artykule pominięto kontekst polityczno-społeczny kwestii rolnej, obecny w pracach Fryderyka Engelsa, Róży Luxemburg i Włodzimierza Lenina jako wychodzący poza ramy opracowania. Z rozważań wynika historyczna żywotność badanego problemu przejawiająca się w różnych warunkach społeczno-ustrojowych.
Abstract	In the article we presented the modern approach of the agrarian question. One characterized changes going down in relations demand-of supply as result of the influence of the market mechanism in the agriculture conditioned the globalization. in the article we presented the concept of the agrarian question. Her original conception can be found in works of Aleksander Czajanow and Władysław Grabski and also other modern them authors. They paid the attention to restrictions within the range structural transformations in the agriculture and the specificity of the relation of demand-supply concerning agricultural products. Going out from their approach of mentioned problems one can pass to the present interpretation of the agrarian matter including the meaning of public goods and processes of the globalization and the liberalization of economies of individual countries conditioned existing still structural barriers in this area of the economy. In the elaboration one showed changes happening within the range approaches to the agricultural matter and manners of her resolution in the institutional system. One underlined the universality of seizing of the specificity of the agricultural production resulting both from the part of individual productive factors involved to her producing, and also from itself character of farms as economic subjects. In the elaboration one characterized changes happening in relations demand-of supply as result of the influence of the market mechanism in the agriculture. One discussed foundations and conditionings of the concept of the agricultural matter. We presented the meaning of public goods and external effects and market inefficiencies related to the agriculture in the formation of the social optimum one presented premises for the transfer and the retransfer of the economic surplus as the instrumentarium of the regulation of the social optimum and the achievement higher-level equilibriums of the social system.
Cytowanie	Czyżewski A., Kułyk P. (2015) Kwestia rolna od Aleksandra Czajanowa i Władysława Grabskiego po jej współczesne ujęcie.Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 102, z. 1: 18-30
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2015_n1_s18.pdf

Autor	Łukasz Chryniewicz, Yaroslava Larina
Tytuł	Modern Theoretical Foundations of International Trade of Biomass and its Implications for Ukraine
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Cytowanie	Chryniewicz Ł., Larina Y. (2014) Modern Theoretical Foundations of International Trade of Biomass and its Implications for Ukraine.Scientific Journal Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW - Problems of World Agriculture, t. 14(29), z. 4: 47-56
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2014_T14(29)_n4_s47.pdf

Autor	Michał Kiełsznia, Przemysław Łagodzki
Tytuł	Budżet zadaniowy na przykładzie Regionalnej Dyrekcji Ochrony Środowiska w Szczecinie
Title	Performance budgeting on example of Regional Board of Management of Environmental Protection in Stettin
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Abstrakt	Wdrożenie budżetu zadaniowego ma przełomowe znaczenie dla sektora finansów publicznych. Stanowi on efektywne narzędzie zarządzania ukierunkowane na osiąganie zaplanowanych celów. Idea wprowadzenia i realizowania zasadniczych celów w układzie budżetu zadaniowego pozwala w sposób kompleksowy dokonywać. monitoringu prowadzonych działań. Tak pod względem ich celowości, przejrzystości, gospodarności, jak i efektywności. Ponadto umożliwia ona dokonywanie porównań oraz analiz odchyleń stanów oczekiwanych, w zakresie realizowanych zadań, od przyjętych założeń. Wszystkie realizowane w ramach budżetu zadaniowego zadania i programy mogą. być także poddawane permanentnej ocenie – tak w trakcie ich trwania, jak i po ich zakończeniu.
Abstract	Implementation of performance budgeting has critical meaning for the public finance sector. It presents effective instrument of management on achievement of planned purpose direct. Idea of performance budgeting allows to complex manner monitoring of led operation so in respect their clarity, economy, as well as efficiency. Besides, it enables executing of comparison and presents analyses of deviations desired, in range of realized task, from accepted foundation. Within the confines of budget all realize task and programs can be subjected in the course of their enduring permanent estimate also, as well as for their completion.
Cytowanie	Kiełsznia M., Łagodzki P. (2011) Budżet zadaniowy na przykładzie Regionalnej Dyrekcji Ochrony Środowiska w Szczecinie.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 6(55): 14-22
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2011_n55_s14.pdf

Autor	Jan Wołoszyn
Tytuł	Zarządzanie wiedzą jako wieloetapowy proces generowania nowych wartości
Title	Business management of knowledge as multiple process generating new values
Słowa kluczowe	wiedza, przedsiębiorstwo, modele zarządzania wiedzą, nabywanie wiedzy, dzielenie się wiedzą
Key words	knowledge, business, knowledge categories, processed model, knowledge acquisition, knowledge dividing
Abstrakt	W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia zarządzania wiedzą według założeń sformułowanych przez Probsta, Rubla i Romhardta, zaprezentowanych w modelu procesowym. Poruszono różne aspekty wiedzy jako kategorii psychospołecznej oraz jej nabywanie i dzielenie się nią. Zaprezentowano także różne zdolności organizacji do uczenia się na zasadzie pętli pojedynczej i podwójnej.
Abstract	The paper aims to describe the issues of knowledge management according to foundations formulated by Probst, Rubl and Romhardt, which are presented in the process model. There were analyzed different aspects of knowledge such as psycho-sociologic category as well as obtaining and sharing it. There were also presented different abilities of organization to learn on the example of principles of single and double nooses.
Cytowanie	Wołoszyn J. (2009) Zarządzanie wiedzą jako wieloetapowy proces generowania nowych wartości.Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria G, t. 96, z. 2: 98-105
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2009_n2_s98.pdf