Wyniki wyszukiwania

Autor	Ewa Halicka
Tytuł	Implementation of CAP programs aimed at increasing the consumption of fruit, vegetable and milk products in Polish schools
Title	Implementation of CAP programs aimed at increasing the consumption of fruit, vegetable and milk products in Polish schools
Słowa kluczowe	brak
Key words	Common Agricultural Policy, consumption, school, children
Abstrakt	brak
Abstract	The Common Agriculture Policy’s Fruit Scheme and School Milk Program are EU-wide institutional attempts to encourage consumption of selected food products among children by increasing their availability in schools. The number of pupils participating in both schemes in Poland has reached more than 67% and 38% of the appropriate target groups. Pilot studies, carried out in 2010 and 2011, indicate what products are most preferred by Polish schoolchildren from among those made available to them through the schemes. Circa 86% of the surveyed children living in cities would like to obtain more milk products in schools, especially yogurts. In order to make both CAP schemes more nutrition-oriented the education component should be strengthened since the availability and the price are important, but not exclusive determinants of food choice
Cytowanie	Halicka E. (2011) .Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 11(26), z. 3: 36-43
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	PRS_2011_T11(26)_n3_s36.pdf

Autor	Olga Kujáni-Katalin
Tytuł	The French multifunctional model and the short food supply chain as adaptable examples in the case of small and self-subsistence farms in the EU new member states
Title	The French multifunctional model and the short food supply chain as adaptable examples in the case of small and self-subsistence farms in the EU new member states
Słowa kluczowe	brak
Key words	multi-functionality, semi-subsistence farming, family farms, rural development policy, short-distance food supply chain
Abstrakt	brak
Abstract	For the countries of the Central Europe, the regional policy measures which concentrate on the maintenance of the small and medium sized producer’s units and are trying to find solutions to the worsening negative circumstances for the family farms (in the EU-12, 68.5% of farms are regarded as being semi-self-subsistent [Statistical… 2010, p. 85] are particularly important. It is unanimously acknowledged that for these farms it is not the support through supplementary income found in the 1st axis that gives a chance of survival (it rather piles difficulties up on them because of the additional cost of administration and protection of the environment), which is rather helpful for the producers of large quantities in complying with the processes of world markets, but it is the support given for the maintenance of the environment and the programmes serving to strengthen connection to the local and regional markets that can produce results (presently 2nd axis). The endeavours mentioned above provide some possibilities of protection and long-term survival of multifunctional, small size family farms, which at the same time produce quality goods, and of warding the hectic changes in the free markets off. Among the countries of Western Europe, it is France that could provide especially useful examples in the course of reformation of the European support system, because the French government and the rural stakeholders have been following their aim, almost for two decades, of the effective development of direct selling (in French vente directe) and short food provision systems (in French circuits courts) through which they preserve those agricultural structures that are built on family connections. The subject of this paper is adaptation possibilities of the French direct marketing model, which evolved for the preservation of multifunctional family farms and warding of the hectic changes in marketing conditions off. It provided proof in the past decade that it is not only the intensive industrial production that can be competitive and viable, but also the small size, multifunctional farms, close to nature, that support one or two families, can provide effective perspectives for the renewal of the prime sector and the agriculture of Europe. If the good practices of Western Europe, and within it France, can be employed in the region of the Eastern and Central Europe, this will contribute to the reduction of distances between country areas, to the uplift of those areas that lag behind and are subdued to a measure of poverty
Cytowanie	Kujáni-Katalin O. (2011) .Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 11(26), z. 3: 44-54
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	PRS_2011_T11(26)_n3_s44.pdf

Autor	Diana Kopeva
Tytuł	Rural development and multifunctional agriculture in Bulgaria
Title	Rural development and multifunctional agriculture in Bulgaria
Słowa kluczowe	brak
Key words	rural development policy, multifunctional agriculture, Bulgaria
Abstrakt	brak
Abstract	Rural areas are gradually losing their agricultural specificity. They now need to support the coexistence of two logical approaches to occupation of their space: one based on the supply of agricultural and forestry products, the other on the various demands from local residents and seasonal tourists. The focus is shifting from only supplying market goods to meeting the multiple expectations of the society. The paper analyses the policy outcomes of the rural development policy in Bulgaria and their impact on multifunctional agriculture
Cytowanie	Kopeva D. (2011) .Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 11(26), z. 3: 54-63
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	PRS_2011_T11(26)_n3_s54.pdf

Autor	Karolina Pawlak
Tytuł	The evolution of the agricultural protectionism and its measures
Title	The evolution of the agricultural protectionism and its measures
Słowa kluczowe	brak
Key words	protectionism, agricultural trade, tariff barriers, non-tariff barriers
Abstrakt	brak
Abstract	The aim of the article was to present the premises and evolution of protectionism in agricultural trade and to show the changes in significance of tariff and non-tariff barriers of intervention for the trade in agricultural products. The abolition of customs duties entails an increase in the number and the role of non-tariff barriers in trade policy applied by individual countries. The factors determining the degree of intensity in the use of protective instruments include the level of GDP per capita. In the agri-food sector, an intensified protectionism can be observed along with an increased degree of economic development. In spite of the fact that richer countries declare their support for free trade, they take intense actions to protect their domestic production from the competitive imports and are unwilling to abandon this policy, which can be observed e.g. in prolonged negotiations on further liberalisation of world agricultural trade in the WTO forum.
Cytowanie	Pawlak K. (2011) .Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 11(26), z. 3: 78-87
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	PRS_2011_T11(26)_n3_s78.pdf

Autor	Mariya Peneva
Tytuł	Animal welfare: the EU policy and consumers perspectives
Title	Animal welfare: the EU policy and consumers perspectives
Słowa kluczowe	brak
Key words	animal welfare, consumers, willingness to pay, Bulgaria
Abstrakt	brak
Abstract	The awareness of animal welfare and animal well-being is growing all over Europe and the world. The concerns are related to the applied policy regimes, economic sustainability of the production methods, food quality and safety, consumers’ health and behaviour and their willingness to pay for animal products obtained in animal-friendly conditions. The paper aims to analyse the consumers’ awareness and its effect on consumers’ purchasing behaviour in Bulgaria. The data were collected under the WELANIMAL project, based on a questionnaire. Later a statistical analysis was done. At the end it is concluded that consumers still need to be educated and there are opportunities to enhance their awareness of animal welfare standards through marketing actions
Cytowanie	Peneva M. (2011) .Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 11(26), z. 3: 98-106
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	PRS_2011_T11(26)_n3_s98.pdf

Autor	Roman Rudnicki
Tytuł	Numbers and spatial distribution of payments granting decisions within the Common Agricultural Policy measures implemented in Poland over years 2002-2010
Title	Numbers and spatial distribution of payments granting decisions within the Common Agricultural Policy measures implemented in Poland over years 2002-2010
Słowa kluczowe	brak
Key words	Common Agricultural Policy, payment granting decisions, agricultural holdings
Abstrakt	brak
Abstract	The article offers an assessment of spatial differences in the structure of payment granting decisions under the EU Common Agricultural Policy. The analysis was conducted for individual EU assistance measures divided into two groups: 1) intensifying measures, intended to step up production and improve the competitiveness of agriculture and 2) extensifying measures, intended to improve the environment and to help rural areas to diversify into non-agricultural activities. It was demonstrated that payments of group 2 prevailed in numerical terms, which was largely a result of the high participation of agricultural holdings in the agri-environmental programm
Cytowanie	Rudnicki R. (2011) .Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 11(26), z. 3: 126-136
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	PRS_2011_T11(26)_n3_s126.pdf

Autor	Henning Battermann, Ludwig Theuvsen
Tytuł	Irrigation of farm land under the EU Water Framework Directive
Title	Irrigation of farm land under the EU Water Framework Directive
Słowa kluczowe	brak
Key words	farm income, irrigation, linear programming, Water Framework Directive, water permits, water price.
Abstrakt	brak
Abstract	With the Water Framework Directive (WFD), the European Union has established a legal framework for the protection of all aquatic ecological systems, including groundwater. This directive may have advantages for the water regime in ecologically sensitive areas but may also bring some economic disadvantages for farmers. The economic implications of the WFD for irrigated agriculture with regard to various scenarios and the implementation of alternative water policy measures are analysed. The results show that demand for irrigation water, farmers’ reactions with regard to operational and strategic decisions and income effects strongly depend on the water policy measures implemented.
Cytowanie	Battermann H., Theuvsen L. (2011) .Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 11(26), z. 3: 137-145
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	PRS_2011_T11(26)_n3_s137.pdf

Autor	Daniel Beres
Tytuł	Competitiveness and comparative advantages in agriculture (livestock approach)
Title	Competitiveness and comparative advantages in agriculture (livestock approach)
Słowa kluczowe	brak
Key words	revealed symmetric comparative advantage, livestock, bovine, unit value method
Abstrakt	brak
Abstract	This study compares the effect of Common Agricultural Policy implementation on comparative advantages of livestock production in four selected countries, namely Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia (V4). The comparative advantage of Czech Republic’s bovine production as well as Slovakian poultry production has improved. On the contrary, sheep production in Poland and Slovakia has lost its previous positive RSCA value, similarly to swine production in Czech Republic and horse production in Hungary. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of bovine production in V4 countries revealed that the formerly successful quality competition was replaced gradually by price competition during the examined period (1999-2010).
Cytowanie	Beres D. (2011) .Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 11(26), z. 4: 17-25
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	PRS_2011_T11(26)_n4_s17.pdf

Autor	Magdalena Kozera
Tytuł	Jakość zasobów ludzkich na obszarach wiejskich
Title	Quality of human resources in rural areas
Słowa kluczowe	zasoby ludzkie, jakość zasobów ludzkich, wykształcenie, zatrudnienie w rolnictwie..
Key words	human resources, quality of human resources, education, employment in agriculture
Abstrakt	W artykule zarysowano problem jakości czynnika ludzkiego w rolnictwie polskim na tle UE. Jako miernik jakości wykorzystano formalny poziom edukacji ludności. Wskazano na perspektywy zmian zatrudnienia w rolnictwie. Omówiono wykształceniu ludności wiejskiej w porównaniu do ludności miast i Polski ogółem. Podkreślono znaczenie edukacji dla zwiększenia absorpcji środków pomocowych, zwłaszcza w kontekście postulowanych zmian WPR. Wskazano na istotną rolę dotychczas stosowanych narzędzi poprawy jakości życia ludności obszarów wiejskich.
Abstract	Some problems of quality of human resources in Polish agriculture against the background of the EU were presented in this paper. The formal level of education was used as an indicator of the human factor quality. The perspective of changes in employment in the European agriculture were also shown. The education of rural population in comparison to cities inhabitants and to the Polish population as a whole was discussed. The importance of education for absorption of the public financial support, especially in the context of future changes of CAP were underlined. The importance of so far applied policy instruments of the life quality improvement for rural population was also shown.
Cytowanie	Kozera M. (2011) Jakość zasobów ludzkich na obszarach wiejskich.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 11(26), z. 4: 109-117
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	PRS_2011_T11(26)_n4_s109.pdf

Autor	Julian Krzyżanowski
Tytuł	Wspólna polityka rolna UE a międzynarodowa konkurencyjność sektora rolniczego
Title	Common Agricultural Policy of the EU and international competitiveness of the agricultural sector
Słowa kluczowe	rolnictwo, Wspólna Polityka Rolna, międzynarodowa konkurencyjność produktów rolniczych.
Key words	agriculture, Common Agricultural Policy, international competitiveness of agricultural products.
Abstrakt	W artykule poruszana jest problematyka międzynarodowej konkurencyjności produkcji rolniczej UE. Autor wskazuje, że sprawy te stały u podstaw kolejnych reform Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej.
Abstract	The paper deals with the problem of international competitiveness of the EU agricultural products. The author indicates that this issue was always a core element of the subsequent reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy
Cytowanie	Krzyżanowski J. (2011) Wspólna polityka rolna UE a międzynarodowa konkurencyjność sektora rolniczego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 11(26), z. 4: 125-128
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	PRS_2011_T11(26)_n4_s125.pdf

Autor	Aneta Suchoń
Tytuł	Spółdzielnie rolnicze po akcesji Polski do Unii Europejskiej, wybrane zagadnienia prawne
Title	Agricultural co-operatives after the Polish accession to the European Union, selected legal issues
Słowa kluczowe	spółdzielnie w rolnictwie, rolnicza spółdzielnia produkcyjna, grupa producentów rolnych, spółdzielnia mleczarska, wspólna polityka rolna, konsolidacja
Key words	co-operative in agriculture, agricultural production co-operatives, agricultural producers groups, dairy co-operatives, Common Agricultural Policy, consolidation
Abstrakt	Celem artykułu była próba oceny wpływu członkostwa Polski w Unii Europejskiej na kształt regulacji prawnych dotyczących funkcjonowania spółdzielni rolniczych i wskazania kierunków ich rozwoju. Przedstawiono problematykę spółdzielczych grup producentów rolnych, w szczególności ewolucję ustawodawstwa oraz problemy związane z korzystaniem ze środków unijnych. W dalszej kolejności rozważania koncentrują się wokół rolniczych spółdzielni produkcyjnych oraz spółdzielni mleczarskich. W uwagach podsumowujących podkreślono m.in., że na prowadzenie działalności przez spółdzielnie rolnicze i kierunki ich rozwoju coraz większy wpływ mają przepisy prawa unijnego oraz sytuacja na rynku europejskim
Abstract	The aim of this paper was to present an attempt to assess the impact of Polands membership in the European Union on legislation governing the operation and directions of development for agricultural co-operatives. It presents issues concerning co-operative agricultural producers groups, in particular the evolution of legislation and problems associated with the use of EU funds. Further investigations are focused on agricultural production co-operatives and dairy cooperatives. In closing remarks it is stressed, among other things, that the activities of agricultural cooperatives are increasingly determined by the EU law and the market situation in Europe
Cytowanie	Suchoń A. (2011) Spółdzielnie rolnicze po akcesji Polski do Unii Europejskiej, wybrane zagadnienia prawne.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 11(26), z. 4: 148-158
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	PRS_2011_T11(26)_n4_s148.pdf

Autor	Marta Postuła
Tytuł	System podatkowy – rozwiązania Unii Europejskiej i Polski w okresie po kryzysie
Title	The tax system – a solution the European Union and Polish in the period after the crisis
Słowa kluczowe
Key words
Abstrakt
Abstract	Financial and economic crisis faced public finances in many EU Member States with serious challenges. There is no doubt that activities designed to stimulate and maintain high economic growth rate must be accompanied by conducting a rational fiscal policy. As tax system can contribute to reducing the impact of global and European economic crisis – it is important to take deliberate actions in this respect at the level of European Union and individual member states. Therefore, this article outlines the planned changes in this field in Poland and on EU level.
Cytowanie	Postuła M. (2011) System podatkowy – rozwiązania Unii Europejskiej i Polski w okresie po kryzysie.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 94: 61-73
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2011_n94_s61.pdf

Autor	Kinga Gruziel
Tytuł	Opodatkowanie rolnictwa w krajach Unii Europejskiej
Title	Taxation of Agriculture in the UE
Słowa kluczowe
Key words
Abstrakt
Abstract	The paper identifies the main objectives of taxation of agriculture in selected countries of the European Union. Presents selected solutions of taxation of agriculture in general and preferential terms. Taxation of income from agricultural activities is a natural direction of changes in tax systems. Tax policy in the EU, in relation to agriculture, to the extent possible effect to the principle of fair taxation. Diversifying the EU rules and tax structure allows the taxation of income from agricultural activities without compromising the ability of farm development. Special treatment of agriculture in the fiscal dimension is expressed through the tax structure elements (relief, exemptions, exclusions).
Cytowanie	Gruziel K. (2011) Opodatkowanie rolnictwa w krajach Unii Europejskiej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 94: 149-158
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2011_n94_s149.pdf

Autor	Dorota Hałaburda
Tytuł	Zewnętrzne źródła finansowania rozwoju przez samorząd województwa
Title	A outside sources of financing for development by regional self-governments
Słowa kluczowe
Key words
Abstrakt
Abstract	The paper presents the principles of financing development of regions. Regional authorities are facing the problem of insufficient current incomes, owing to which they seek new sources of financing, i.e. credits, loans and municipal bonds. Indebtedness of regional governments has systematically increased. In Poland, EU structural funds are becoming a very important factor contributing to regional development policy.
Cytowanie	Hałaburda D. (2010) Zewnętrzne źródła finansowania rozwoju przez samorząd województwa.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 81: 187-199
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2010_n81_s187.pdf

Autor	Katarzyna Boratyńska
Tytuł	Poziom obciążeń podatkowych a zagrożenie bankructwem przedsiębiorstw piwowarskich
Title	The level of fiscal burden and threat of brewery enterprises bankruptcy
Słowa kluczowe
Key words
Abstrakt
Abstract	In this article the level of fiscal burden in terms of threat of brewery enterprises bankruptcy was discussed. On the basis on chairmen of enterprises opinions the Author stated that too high fiscal duties (e.g. excise tax) are significant factor limited breweries development. Tax government policy has tremendous importance for the beer industry representatives. On the one hand, excessive fiscal impact could decreasing tax revenues, on the other hand, it can lead to production and sales effectiveness reduction, and therefore threat of enterprises bankruptcy.
Cytowanie	Boratyńska K. (2010) Poziom obciążeń podatkowych a zagrożenie bankructwem przedsiębiorstw piwowarskich.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 82: 33-45
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2010_n82_s33.pdf

Autor	Justyna Dyduch
Tytuł	Zyski z handlu uprawnieniami do emisji gazów cieplarnianych jako źródło finansowania działalności przedsiębiorstw na przykładzie sektora elektrowni zawodowych
Title	Profits from carbon emission trading as a source of financing enterprises on the example of power plant sector
Słowa kluczowe
Key words
Abstrakt
Abstract	Emission rights are ones of economic instruments of state environmental policy. The European Union Emissions Trading Scheme was implemented in the EU in 2005. The aim of the article is to determine the value of profits from carbon emission trading earned by power plants in Poland and the importance of these profits for their financial situations.
Cytowanie	Dyduch J. (2010) Zyski z handlu uprawnieniami do emisji gazów cieplarnianych jako źródło finansowania działalności przedsiębiorstw na przykładzie sektora elektrowni zawodowych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 82: 115-126
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2010_n82_s115.pdf

Autor	Irena Łącka
Tytuł	Polska polityka innowacyjna w świetle zasad good governance
Title	Polish innovation policy in the light of the good governance standards
Słowa kluczowe
Key words
Abstrakt
Abstract	The article is an attempt at the evaluation of Polish innovation policy in the context of fulfilling the requirements of good governance. At the beginning I discusses the concept and rules of good governance. The next part of the description presents the evolution of Polish innovative policy in the recent twenty years. The authoress is trying to evaluate, if the realized innovation policy is consistent with the good governance standards.
Cytowanie	Łącka I. (2010) Polska polityka innowacyjna w świetle zasad good governance.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 83: 17-29
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2010_n83_s17.pdf

Autor	Barbara Wieliczko
Tytuł	System ewaluacji unijnego wsparcia wobec wsi i rolnictwa a społeczna odpowiedzialność oraz zasady good governance
Title	EU rural development and agricultural policy evaluation system vs. social responsibility and good governance principles
Słowa kluczowe
Key words
Abstrakt
Abstract	Good governance principles are considered by the European Union to be a basic indicator serving in the assessment of the quality of the Community’s public management. Therefore, these principles should be treated as a reference point in the process of building all the necessary elements of the system of implementation of the EU tasks and activities. The same applies to the Common Agricultural Policy and to supporting within it the development of agriculture and rural areas. Following this the evaluation system should respect the good governance principles in most complex way that is possible and achievable. However, up to now, the development of the EU evaluation culture has not reached the level of comprehensive actual fulfillment of these principles and for the evaluation process to lead to improving the effectiveness and efficiency of the CAP. Moreover, if the EU involvement in supporting the development of social responsibility of the agriculture is worth underlining it should be conducted via the introduction of different rules and regulations applicable in this sector, which combined with the competition typical of this part of the economy should lead to development of socially responsible agriculture.
Cytowanie	Wieliczko B. (2010) System ewaluacji unijnego wsparcia wobec wsi i rolnictwa a społeczna odpowiedzialność oraz zasady good governance.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 83: 31-44
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2010_n83_s31.pdf

Autor	Nina Drejerska
Tytuł	Good governance w polskiej polityce regionalnej
Title	Good governance in the Polish regional policy
Słowa kluczowe
Key words
Abstrakt
Abstract	The aim of the paper is to present the current dilemmas of regional policy in Poland (the model of equalization vs. the model based on competitiveness and cohesion) in a context of the good governance rule. Realization of this aim was possible through a review of literature and documents connected with regional policy as well as issues of good governance. There were presented examples of good practices in implementation of rules of good governance in the phase of programming of the Polish regional policy on the base of works on and content of the National Strategy of Regional Development 2010–2020: Regions, Towns, Rural areas. However, presentation of such examples does not allow the confirmation of implementation of the good governance rule in the Polish regional policy because of continuous and permanent character of the rule and necessity of assessment of its implementation in the phases of realization and evaluation of the Strategy
Cytowanie	Drejerska N. (2010) Good governance w polskiej polityce regionalnej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 83: 45-54
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2010_n83_s45.pdf

Autor	Andrzej Czyżewski, Piotr Kułyk
Tytuł	Polityka fiskalna i monetarna w krajach triady ekonomicznej i w Polsce w długim okresie (1990–2008)
Title	The fiscal and monetary policy in countries of the economic triad and in Poland in the long period (1990–2009)
Słowa kluczowe
Key words
Abstrakt
Abstract	The process of globalization in recent years has created a new opportunity and necessity to review economic policy. This is due to a combination of factors including external pressures, the revised strategy of other states and regional trade agreements. Some of the policies of the last two decades of the twentieth century required redefinition to enhance effectiveness, and their applied solutions encountered more and more difficulties specifically due to internal and external dysfunctionality. In the article we paid attention on the changes of the option in the fiscal and monetary policy with the utilization of the pendulum model to their evaluation and also conversions in the level of the real effective exchange rate. We also presented the relationship between exchange rate and option in economics policy. The investigative period embraced years 1990–2009. Analysis that has been conducted allows us to distinguish regularities happening in the process of their adaptation to an external conditions and also has pointed to a few conclusions on solutions applied in Poland.
Cytowanie	Czyżewski A., Kułyk P. (2010) Polityka fiskalna i monetarna w krajach triady ekonomicznej i w Polsce w długim okresie (1990–2008).Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 83: 55-70
HTML	wersja html
Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2010_n83_s55.pdf