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Autor	Magdalena Mądra
Tytuł	Źródła finansowania a strumienie przepływów pieniężnych w towarowych gospodarstwach rolniczych
Title	Cash flow management vs. external capital sources of financing in agriculture holdings farms
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Abstract	The elaboration presents the debt level in relation to cash flow management in agriculture farms. The article deals also with statistical correlation between the level of liabilities in equity and cash flow indicators. The presented research was surveyed in years 2004–2007, in Mazowsze and Podlasie region. Farms have been characterized by criterion of an agriculture type and an economic power (ESU) according to acknowledged classification of PL-FADN. The operational cash flow surplus index was the highest in farms which did not posses any debt, however this ratio recorded decreasing level in group with the highest participation of liabilities in total assets. This relation explained the attitude of conservative farmers to the debt capital engagement. According to Spearman correlation index farmers minimized the debt participation in their assets in relation to an increasing level of operational cash balance.
Cytowanie	Mądra M. (2011) Źródła finansowania a strumienie przepływów pieniężnych w towarowych gospodarstwach rolniczych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 89: 17-36
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2011_n89_s17.pdf

Autor	Magdalena Mądra
Tytuł	Działalność instytucji mikrofinansowania na przykładzie Spółdzielczych Kas Oszczędnościowo-Kredytowych
Title	The performance of the micro-financing institutions an example of Co-Operative Savings and Credit Unions
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Abstract	The elaboration presents the performance and the range of Co-Operative Savings and Credit Unions in Poland. The article deals with the role of these unions on the financial market. Other presented issue in article concerned the aspect of loans and deposit activity of Co-Operative Savings and Credit Unions. The presented research was surveyed mainly in years 2006–2010, and included all credit unions in Poland. The financial results of SKOK were determined by a financial situation of Unions with the highest value of assets. The structure of deposits in SKOK was determined by short-term savings while the loan structure was dominated by long-term borrowings of SKOK members. This relation could influence the higher risk of decreasing level of financial liquidity of Co-Operative Savings and Credit Unions.
Cytowanie	Mądra M. (2011) Działalność instytucji mikrofinansowania na przykładzie Spółdzielczych Kas Oszczędnościowo-Kredytowych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 91: 241-256
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2011_n91_s241.pdf

Autor	Magdalena Mądra, Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Wybrane aspekty wprowadzenia podatku dochodowego w gospodarstwach rolniczych
Title	SELECTED ASPECTS OF INCOME TAXATION INTRODUCTION IN AGRICULTURE FARMS
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Abstract	The elaboration presents farmers opinions concerning introducing income tax in agriculture farms, level of assessment rate and the legitimacy for replacing agriculture tax by lump-sum tax. The principle benefit of introducing the income tax in agriculture is the fact that the burden from this title will appear only situation when the farm obtains income. Furthermore higher income tax will be paid by farms with higher economic power. Accepted by majority assessment tax rate is 3% or 8.5%. Taxation based on income tax rules according to tax on physical and on legal bodies did not meet the approval of farmers. In farmer’s view the lump-sum tax, replacing agriculture tax, should be diversified according to financial situation in agriculture. The established amount of these tax should concern mainly the scale and type of agriculture production as well as it’s relation to cropland area.
Cytowanie	Mądra M., Wasilewski M. (2011) Wybrane aspekty wprowadzenia podatku dochodowego w gospodarstwach rolniczych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 94: 133-147
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2011_n94_s133.pdf

Autor	Magdalena Mądra
Tytuł	Obciążenie podatkiem rolnym indywidualnych gospodarstw rolnych
Title	The level of agricultural tax burden in individual farms
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Abstract	The elaborations presents the level of agriculture tax in farms which conduced, during the researched period, agriculture accountancy according to FADN system. The article deals also with the relationship between generate sales revenues (total output) and family farm income. The presented research was surveyed in 2004–2007 in Mazowsze and Podlasie region. Farms have been characterized by criterion of cropland area, agriculture type and Economic Size Unit. The highest agriculture tax burden noticed in farms which characterized with the lowest economic power. The level of paid agriculture tax in relation to sale revenues was low and the highest tax burden noticed in group 10–30 ha of cropland area. The visible influence of this tax was perceptible in farms which managed a crop production.
Cytowanie	Mądra M. (2009) Obciążenie podatkiem rolnym indywidualnych gospodarstw rolnych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 76: 175-186
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n76_s175.pdf

Autor	Magdalena Mądra
Tytuł	Kształtowanie poziomu zadłużenia w zależności od powierzchni użytków rolniczych gospodarstw rolnych
Title	The relation between the debt level and cropland area in agriculture farms
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Abstract	The elaboration presents the debt level in relation to possessed cropland area used in agriculture farms. The article deals also with statistical regression model in which as a dependent variable chose the level of liabilities calculated per one hectare of cropland area. The presented research was surveyed in years 2004–2007, in Mazowsze and Podlasie region. Farms have been characterized by criterion of cropland area and were divided into six groups according to classification of PL-FADN. The regression models, estimated in elaborations showed that a variable of debt calculated per hectare of cropland area influenced on the degree of financial leverage and supply turnover in each year. It presented specific factors which had an impact on farmers investments decisions. The highest number of agriculture farms, which recorded foreign capital usage in financing structure, noticed in group of farms which noticed over 40 hectares of cropland area.
Cytowanie	Mądra M. (2009) Kształtowanie poziomu zadłużenia w zależności od powierzchni użytków rolniczych gospodarstw rolnych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 77: 199-216
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n77_s199.pdf

Autor	Magdalena Mądra
Tytuł	Opodatkowanie indywidualnych gospodarstw rolnych a ich siła ekonomiczna
Title	The meaning of agriculture taxation in relation to economic size unit of individual farms holdings
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Abstract	The elaboration deals with estimation of agriculture tax burden in relation to fundamental financial-economic categories in farms. The research was conduced according to Economic Size Unit criterion in farms which participated in FADN accountancy data system. The period of farm investigation covers the years 2004–2007. On the basis of conducted researches has been ascertained that relation between agriculture tax and production output recorded decreasing tendency. It means that the tax system noticed smaller importance which was reflected by the low level of agriculture tax burden index in relation to agriculture income. The group of farms which noticed low level of ESU recorded higher level of agriculture tax burden.
Cytowanie	Mądra M. (2009) Opodatkowanie indywidualnych gospodarstw rolnych a ich siła ekonomiczna.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 78: 187-196
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n78_s187.pdf

Autor	Magdalena Mądra
Tytuł	Wpływ poziomu zadłużenia na siłę ekonomiczną gospodarstw rolniczych
Title	The influence of debt level on economic power of agriculture farms
Słowa kluczowe	poziom zadłużenia, struktura kapitału, gospodarstwa rolnicze, siła ekonomiczna
Key words	debt level, capitals structure, agriculture farms, economic size unit
Abstrakt	W opracowaniu określono zależność pomiędzy siłą ekonomiczną wyrażoną w ESU a poziomem zadłużenia w indywidualnych gospodarstwach rolniczych prowadzących rachunkowość rolną w ramach systemu FADN. Dla celów analizy zróżnicowania pomiędzy grupami ESU wykorzystano testy nieparametryczne ANOVA Kruskala-Wallisa, porównania wielokrotne oraz współczynnik korelacji Pearsona. Stwierdzono, iż poziom zadłużenia ma istotny wpływ na siłę ekonomiczną gospodarstwa.
Abstract	The aim of the study is to determine the relation between Economic Size Unit and debt level in agriculture farms, in which have conducted farming accountancy according to the FADN system. The period of farm investigation covers the years 2004-2007. Objects of research have been chosen on the basis of the continuity criterion during researched years. The aim of statistic analyses was identifying the differences between divided ESU groups and the level of debt according to non-parametric tests like ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis, multiple comparisons between groups and Pearson correlation index. The conducted research has helped to formulate the following conclusion that the level of debt coefficient has had essential influence on affiliation to ESU groups of farms, which suggested that an economic power of agriculture holding is related to the external financing sources.
Cytowanie	Mądra M. (2009) Wpływ poziomu zadłużenia na siłę ekonomiczną gospodarstw rolniczych.Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria G, t. 96, z. 3: 191-201
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2009_n3_s191.pdf

Autor	Magdalena Mądra, Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Efektywność gospodarstw indywidualnych w zależności od zadłużenia i siły ekonomicznej
Title	THE EFFICIENCY OF INDIVIDUAL AGRICULTURAL FARMS IN RELATION TO DEBT LEVEL AND EUROPEAN SIZE UNIT
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Abstract	The elaboration introduced dependences between the debt level and European Size Unit (ESU) with relation to efficiency of individual agricultural farms. Farms which have been using the greatest degree of the external financing resources were characterized with the highest profitability of the equity capital. The interests charge from credits of the agriculture income from the family-holding was the highest in the economically weakest farms with the biggest debt level. The income indicators of the cropland area and the economic work productivity increased together with higher ESU. The farms with the biggest debt level noticed the highest current financial liquidity, however this index was similar to recommended size. In farms without liabilities appeared the highest participation of the working capital in relation to assets. However this participation was the lowest in most economically strong agriculture farms. Managers of these farms streamlined the level of a current financial liquidity and amount of the working capital, that enabled to obtain the highest efficiency of the productive factors usage
Cytowanie	Mądra M., Wasilewski M. (2008) Efektywność gospodarstw indywidualnych w zależności od zadłużenia i siły ekonomicznej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 64: 87-99
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n64_s87.pdf

Autor	Marzena Chmielewska, Magdalena Mądra
Tytuł	Wskaźniki kosztowe w indywidualnych gospodarstwach rolniczych
Title	COST INDICATORS IN INDIVIDUAL AGRICULTURAL FARMS
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Abstract	The paper presents the cost-analysis carried out in agricultural farms in relation to cropland area and the level of debts. The analysis were conducted for 2005. The researches were executed for individual agricultural farms in Mazowsze and Podlasie regions. The highest participation of production costs in revenues was noticed in farms with the smallest cropland area and the lowest level of debts. This results in higher cost absorption of the agriculture production, as well as the lack of modern machines which could contribute to decrease of production costs. In the smallest farms, which have had high level of debts, the production cost in relation to work counted per hour was the highest, which is due to work engagement of whole farmer’s family. The participation of farming costs in amount of all costs was decreasing together with the height cropland area. The highest participation of depreciation in production costs was observed in the group of the smallest farms, which owns very depreciated fixed assets
Cytowanie	Chmielewska M., Mądra M. (2008) Wskaźniki kosztowe w indywidualnych gospodarstwach rolniczych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 64: 201-213
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n64_s201.pdf

Autor	Magdalena Mądra, Emilia Stola
Tytuł	Struktura oraz poziom kredytów gospodarstw rolniczych w zależności od zadłużenia i siły ekonomicznej
Title	THE STRUCTURE AND LEVEL OF CREDITS IN AGRICULTURE FARMS IN RELATION TO HOLD DEBT AND EUROPEAN SIZE UNIT
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Abstract	The paper presents analysis on credits and loans used in financings the activity of agricultural farms. The empirical research is based on data collected under Farm Accountancy Data Network for the 2005. The aim of the paper is to determine the dependences among the level of debts and the European Unit Size of the agricultural farms depending on committed credits and loans. The results show the relation to the repayment security of the liabilities in farms and the sums of credits and loans counted per one hectare of cropland area. Farms with the highest level of debts were characterized with the diversification of the committed financing resources together with enlarged participation of the outside capital. The economically weaker farms (with a lower ESU) possessed higher participation of the short-term liabilities in the capital structure. It is connected with a reasonable financing strategy. Farms with the highest debts level were diversifying loan capital structure by maintaining higher participation of long-term financing resources, which is rational behaviour
Cytowanie	Mądra M., Stola E. (2008) Struktura oraz poziom kredytów gospodarstw rolniczych w zależności od zadłużenia i siły ekonomicznej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 65: 71-84
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n65_s71.pdf

Autor	Magdalena Mądra, Marcin Ratajczak
Tytuł	Źródła i bariery finansowania innowacji w sektorze MSP w Polsce
Title	Resources and barriers of the innovation financing in the SME sector in Poland
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Abstract	The elaboration presents the financial analysis of innovation outlays and their financial sources in the partition on 16 provinces. The aim of research is to present the structure and barriers of the outside capital usage in aspect of the new technologies implementation in small and medium enterprises in Poland. Empirical data refer to year 2005 and were analysed by authors on the ground of gained information from Polish Agency for Enterprise Development (PAED)
Cytowanie	Mądra M., Ratajczak M. (2008) Źródła i bariery finansowania innowacji w sektorze MSP w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 69: 43-53
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n69_s43.pdf

Autor	Marzena Chmielewska, Magdalena Mądra
Tytuł	Optymalizacja struktury sprzedaży w spółdzielni mleczarskiej
Title	The optimization of the sale structure in the cooperative creamery
Słowa kluczowe	optymalizacja struktury sprzedaży, spółdzielnie mleczarskie, koszty pośrednie
Key words	optimization of the sale structure, dairy cooperatives, indirect costs.
Abstrakt	Celem bada? było określenie optymalnej struktury kwartalnej wielkości sprzedaży w wybranej spółdzielni mleczarskiej. Obiekt do badania został wybrany jako typowy, z czterdziestu celowo dobranych spółdzielni mleczarskich. We wszystkich trzech przyjętych wariantach rozliczania kosztów pośśrednich na wyroby, optymalna struktura sprzedaży pozostawała bez zmian. Przyczyną takiej sytuacji mógł być fakt, iż w produkcji mleczarskiej koszty pośśrednie stanowią niewielki odsetek ogółu kosztów całkowitych, co wpływa marginalnie na zyskowność w skali pojedynczego produktu, a tym samym na strukturę sprzedaży
Abstract	The aim of the elaboration was determination of the optimal structure of the quarterly sale in the chosen cooperative creamery. The research object became selected as a „typical” object from about forty purposely chosen cooperative creameries. In all three accepted variants the structure of the optimumsale remained invariable. The reason of such situation was the fact, that in the production of a creamery the level of indirect costs constituted a small percentage of the total amount of costs. It marginally impacts on profitability in the scale of a single product and consequently it influents for a selection of the sale structure through the optimization model.
Cytowanie	Chmielewska M., Mądra M. (2008) Optymalizacja struktury sprzedaży w spółdzielni mleczarskiej.Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria G, t. 95, z. 2: 60-67
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2008_n2_s60.pdf