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Autor	Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Sytuacja finansowa przedsiębiorstw rolniczych w zależności od relacji kapitału obrotowego do zysku netto
Title	Financial standing of agricultural enterprises Depending on the relationship between Working Capital and Net Profit
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Abstract	In the paper the analysis of the dependence between an amount of working capital (WC) for the unit of net profit (NP) and financial standing of agricultural enterprises is presented. The lowest level of this relationship did not guarantee a stable level of profitability of property, own capital and land use. Too high level of that relationship contributed to the increase of efficiency in this scope, but on the level lower than in enterprises with average relationship WC/NP. Only in enterprises with the highest relationship WC/NP maintenance of quick and current liquidity ratio was stated. Enterprises of the lowest relationship WC/NP were endangered with loss of financial liquidity and were characterized with the highest debt. The vindication of dues was the most efficient in enterprises with the highest relationship WC/NP. The working capital is fundamental source of the current activity financing, while too high level of it could be inefficient. Therefore it is a necessity of search its optimum in relationship to the profit, what transfers to the efficiency of use of land, labour and capital.
Cytowanie	Wasilewski M. (2006) Sytuacja finansowa przedsiębiorstw rolniczych w zależności od relacji kapitału obrotowego do zysku netto.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 61: 103-115
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2006_n61_s103.pdf

Autor	Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Kapitał własny a wyniki ekonomiczne przedsiębiorstw rolniczych
Title	Equity versus economic results of agricultural enterprises
Słowa kluczowe	kapitał własny w przedsiębiorstwach rolniczych, płynność finansowa, rentowność i relacje w majątku, dźwignia finansowa, ekonomiczna wydajność pracy
Key words	equity in agricultural enterprises, financial liquidity, profitability and relations in assets, leverage, economic labour effectiveness
Abstrakt	Przedstawiono analizę rentowności majątku i zyskowności ziemi, dźwigni finansowej, ekonomicznej wydajności pracy, płynności finansowej oraz relacji między aktywami obrotowymi i trwałymi w zależności od udziału kapitału własnego w źródłach finansowania przedsiębiorstw rolniczych.
Abstract	The paper presents an analysis of correlation between equity share in agricultural enterprises. financing and their economic situation. Enterprises of the highest equity’s share were usually characterised by the highest land and assets. profitability as well as economic labour effectiveness. One of reasons of such a correlation was appropriate relations kept between rotary and fixed assets. However, the greatest share of equity in financial resources did not always allow to gain the highest capital and land effectiveness, which could be connected with not taking profits from the leverage effect. The assets profitability and the leverage were low in the enterprises, although their growing tendency ought to be evaluated as a positive one. Enterprises of negative equity vale were threatened by loss of quick financial liquidity and they were usually characterised by ineffective use of production resources.
Cytowanie	Wasilewski M. (2006) Kapitał własny a wyniki ekonomiczne przedsiębiorstw rolniczych .Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria G, t. 92, z. 2: 52-61
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2006_n2_s52.pdf

Autor	Marzena Chmielewska, Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Strategie zarządzania kapitałem obrotowym a sytuacja finansowa spółdzielni mleczarskich
Title	A WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN RELATION TO A DAIRY COOPERATIVES FINANCIAL SITUATION
Słowa kluczowe	strategie zarządzania kapitałem obrotowym, płynność finansowa, rentowność kapitału własnego i majątku, sprawność zarządzania
Key words	working capital management strategies, liquidity, return on equity and assets, efficiency of management
Abstrakt	W opracowaniu przedstawiono relacje między strategią zarządzania kapitałem obrotowym a kondycją finansową spółdzielni mleczarskich. Określono rentowność kapitału własnego i majątku, bieżącą i natychmiastową płynność finansową, sprawność zarządzania zapasami, należnościami oraz zobowiązaniami.
Abstract	The paper presents the analysis of THE relations between a working capital management strategy and a financial situation of dairy cooperatives. The cooperatives of a conservative strategy of working capital management had the highest level of equity, assets and leverage. A positive tendency of the factors changes was noticed in cooperatives of an aggressive strategy of working capital management. Receivables and liabilities management has been assessed positively as well. In the two initial years, the most effective ability to recover receivables was represented by these cooperatives, which carried a moderate strategy of working capital management. Afterwards, however, the cooperatives of an aggressive strategy of working capital management dominated. Moreover, they had the shortest period of liabilities discharge. The cooperatives of a conservative strategy of working capital management dominated in relation to liquidity. On the contrary, the cooperatives of an aggressive strategy of working capital management were at risk of loosing their liquidity, especially regarding the lowest level of inventory. Working capital management in dairy cooperatives is one of the most essential areas of financial deciding. Therefore, actions taken up in the area ought to keep liquidity and lead to optimize an amount and a structure of current assets.
Cytowanie	Chmielewska M., Wasilewski M. (2006) Strategie zarządzania kapitałem obrotowym a sytuacja finansowa spółdzielni mleczarskich .Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria G, t. 93, z. 1: 102-109
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2006_n1_s102.pdf

Autor	Kinga Gruziel, Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Funkcjonowanie podatku VAT w opiniach rolników indywidualnych
Title	THE VALUE ADDED TAX IN THE OPINION OF PRIVATE FARMERS
Słowa kluczowe	podatek od towarów i usług (VAT), zasady ogólne i ryczałtowe rozliczania VAT
Key words	the Value Added Tax (VAT), general and flat rate schemes of the VAT payments
Abstrakt	Przedstawiono opinie rolników dotyczące oceny funkcjonowania, skutków wprowadzenia oraz sposobu i korzyści rozliczania podatku VAT na zasadach ogólnych i ryczałtu w gospodarstwach rolniczych.
Abstract	The paper presents private farmers. opinion on effects of implementation of the Value Added Tax (VAT) as well as ways and profits from tax payments on general or flat rate schemes in farms. The VAT system is said to be too complicated to the farmers and there is a need for external tax advisory. The farmers assessed sceptically the profits from the VAT implementation into agriculture, due to increase of prices of production sources and decrease of agricultural products purchase prices. A major limitation of implementation the flat rate schemes of the VAT in farms is that economic entities, which purchase agricultural products within cooperation with farmers, do not want to be obliged to issue invoices, because it generates additional costs. Most of the farmers paid off the VAT on flat rate schemes . especially these from animal farms and farms that brought incomes. General scheme of the VAT payments was popular especially with farmers from the greatest farms. Moreover, there were a great number of farmers who claimed to not have enough knowledge concerning the VAT in agriculture.
Cytowanie	Gruziel K., Wasilewski M. (2006) Funkcjonowanie podatku VAT w opiniach rolników indywidualnych .Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria G, t. 93, z. 1: 144-151
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2006_n1_s144.pdf

Autor	Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Problematyka zapasów według prawa bilansowego i międzynarodowych standardów rachunkowości
Title	The issue of reserves according to the balance law and International Accounting Standard
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Abstract	The paper presents accountant solutions concerning reserves according to the accountancy law and IAS-2 "Reserves" and IAS-41 "Agriculture". In accordance with the accountancy law accountants have to identify borne cost connected with run activity according to its usefulness, profitability and presenting information in the financial account. Solutions concerning recording and reserves valuation are strictly defined in the accountancy law, what is to a large extent coherent with solutions in IAS-2 "Reserves". Introducing IAS-41 "Agriculture" enabled to specify better solutions concerning reserves in agricultural farms. In that scope in agricultural enterprises far-reaching simplifications are applied. Reserves influence the assessment of the structure of firm's property, as well as the financial liquidity. The scope of recording of economic events connected with reserves could be limited and simplified by introducing reserves managing according to the conception "just in time".
Cytowanie	Wasilewski M. (2005) Problematyka zapasów według prawa bilansowego i międzynarodowych standardów rachunkowości.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 55: 79-93
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2005_n55_s79.pdf

Autor	Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Klasyfikacja zapasów i gospodarowanie nimi w podmiotach rolniczych
Title	The Classification and Management of Reserves in Farming Entities
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Abstract	In the paper the classification of reserves according to many criterions is presented. The attempt of defying uniform groups of reserves with highest and lowest level as regards the regularity of demand and the possibility of running low in different organizational and property forms of agricultural farms was made. Within all groups of farms the rising role of cooperation with deliverers of factors to the production on the basis of trade contracts was observed. Resources to the production were ordered in different ways depending on the groups of resources. The time of delivery realization was shortest in private farms (mainly for the sake of direct purchase). Reserves characterized by highest and lowest states as well as regard the possibility of running low, the regularity of demand and possibility of forecasting were di verse between the groups of farms. The management of reserves in different organizational and property forms of agricultural farms should be treated individually. The normative determination of levels of reserves' types is difficult. In private farms the situation is worsened by the little farmers' knowledge about possibilities of reserves' managing rationalization.
Cytowanie	Wasilewski M. (2004) Klasyfikacja zapasów i gospodarowanie nimi w podmiotach rolniczych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 54: 51-68
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2004_n54_s51.pdf

Autor	Artur Kowalczyk, Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Ocena konkurencyjności spółdzielni mleczarskich
Title	The evaluation of Dairy Cooperatives' Competitiveness
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Abstract	The study presents the comparative analysis of competitiveness' level of dairy cooperatives, which exports their products to the UE market and cooperatives from Świętokrzyskie province, which are not entitled to the export to the UE market. Cooperatives exporting their products to the UE market (group A) in the years 1998-2001 showed the increase of milk processing while in cooperatives from Świętokrzyskie province the decrease ensued. The cooperatives from group A were also characterized by three times higher level of average delivery of milk as well as the share in the purchase of extra class milk. In 2001 cooperatives Świętokrzyskie province incurred loss while group A cooperatives achieved increasing significant profit. The competitive strength of milk · deliverers is larger in a group of cooperatives in Świętokrzyskie province because those cooperatives do not achieve the cost advantage for the sake of the low concentration of the production. The biggest threat to dairy cooperatives is in the buyers' strong influence on the volume of sale and in buyers' possibility to change a cooperative delivering them dairy products. The level of competition's intensity in the scope of products offered by cooperatives was similar, highest in the case of milk, cheese, sour and sour cream and lowest in case of powder milk and butter. The necessity of covering large capital needs as well as difficulties in access to distribution channels were described as largest barriers to entry and considerable small barrier is the competitive activity of already existing enterprises. In the opinion of cooperatives' managers the possibility of appearing new substitutes of dairy products, except for butter, is low.
Cytowanie	Kowalczyk A., Wasilewski M. (2004) Ocena konkurencyjności spółdzielni mleczarskich.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 52: 47-62
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2004_n52_s47.pdf

Autor	Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Poziom nakładów materialnych a wyniki ekonomiczne gospodarstw indywidualnych
Title	The Level of Material Outlays and Economic Results of Private Farms
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Abstract	In the paper the analysis of the relationship between economic results and the level of the material outlays' concentration in private farms is presented. In general, farms with the highest level of the material outlays' concentration were characterized by the highest profitability of land, while in the group of the lowest level of those outlays the profitability was the lowest. In the case of the productivity of land relationships were similar to the case of its profitability. Social and economic efficiency of labour was higher in the group of farms with the highest level of material outlays, what shows that resources and labour outlays were used effectively. In general farms with an average level of material outlays were characterized by the highest profitability of sale, while farms with the highest outlays were characterized by the lowest profitability. It may show that the effectiveness of material outlays decrease with the growth by unit of the level of outlays. One of possible reasons for that tendency, in comparison with the highest profitability of land in the third group of farms, is using purchased materials for the broader scale, what makes farms independent on their resources of land.
Cytowanie	Wasilewski M. (2004) Poziom nakładów materialnych a wyniki ekonomiczne gospodarstw indywidualnych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 52: 91-99
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2004_n52_s91.pdf

Autor	Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Wyniki i organizacja produkcji w gospodarstwach rolniczych o różnych formach organizacyjno-prawnych
Title	The Outputs and the Production Organization in Different Organizational and Property Forms of Agricultural Farms
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Abstract	In the paper the comparative analysis of !he organization and the productivity per unit of the plant and animal production in different organizational and property forms of agricultural farms is presented. The share of agricultural land in total area was similar in all of the farms' groups, the area of agricultural land in private farms increased insignificantly while in another farms it decreased. Those farms were characterized by the lowest area. Companies were characterized by the lowest level of labour force reserves while in private farms those reserves were the highest. In all of the farms' groups cereals dominated in the structure of sown, the most in private farms, and the least in companies owned to A WRSP. The differences between farms as regards fertilizing with mineral fertilizers were not large, and the highest crops of cereals occurred in A WRSP companies. The highest number of livestock occurred in private farms and the lowest in A WRSP companies. In the structure of the herd of animals swine predominated in private farms and in the rest of farms' groups cattle predominated. Private farms were characterized by the highest effectiveness of reserves of resources to the production usage while companies incurred losses.
Cytowanie	Wasilewski M. (2004) Wyniki i organizacja produkcji w gospodarstwach rolniczych o różnych formach organizacyjno-prawnych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 53: 127-142
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2004_n53_s127.pdf