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Autor	Zbigniew Korzeb
Tytuł	The Real Estate and Credit Bubble in Spain; Implications for Poland
Title	The Real Estate and Credit Bubble in Spain; Implications for Poland
Słowa kluczowe	mortgage crisis, banking sector, commercial banks, financial stability, Spain, Poland
Key words	mortgage crisis, banking sector, commercial banks, financial stability, Spain, Poland
Abstrakt	The aim of this article is to establish whether the symptoms of an emerging housing bubble can be observed on the Polish market. The concept of this study is based on a comparison between economic, financial and demographic conditions at the time of the mortgage crisis in Spain and the current situation on the housing market and on the market of housing loans granted to households in Poland. An analysis of two economic indicators, (i) housing loans to households-to-GDP expressed in growth rates and (ii) rates of house price growth, does not indicate that a speculative bubble occurs in Poland now. This, however, does not mean that the conclusions drawn from the Spanish crisis cannot and should not have a bearing on the Polish market, especially in terms of potential consequences the crisis may have for the banking sector.
Abstract	The aim of this article is to establish whether the symptoms of an emerging housing bubble can be observed on the Polish market. The concept of this study is based on a comparison between economic, financial and demographic conditions at the time of the mortgage crisis in Spain and the current situation on the housing market and on the market of housing loans granted to households in Poland. An analysis of two economic indicators, (i) housing loans to households-to-GDP expressed in growth rates and (ii) rates of house price growth, does not indicate that a speculative bubble occurs in Poland now. This, however, does not mean that the conclusions drawn from the Spanish crisis cannot and should not have a bearing on the Polish market, especially in terms of potential consequences the crisis may have for the banking sector.
Cytowanie	Korzeb Z. (2019) The Real Estate and Credit Bubble in Spain; Implications for Poland.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 2: 77-88
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n2_s77.pdf

Autor	Vadym Tkachuk, Oksana Vitriak
Tytuł	Perspectives of Development and Enhancement of the Efficiency of the Functioning of Small Forms of Business on the Village
Title	Perspectives of Development and Enhancement of the Efficiency of the Functioning of Small Forms of Business on the Village
Słowa kluczowe	agriculture, small farming forms, agricultural production
Key words	agriculture, small farming forms, agricultural production
Abstrakt	The article substantiates the prospects for the development and increase of the functioning efficiency of small farming forms in the countryside. Particular attention is paid to the study of factors that have a negative impact on the farms and households functioning. Based on the analysis of statistical indicators, it has been established that the most significant factors that have a negative impact on the functioning of small farming forms in the countryside are the difficulty of manufactured products realization, insufficiently effective state support, lack of developed infrastructure, low education level of households' heads. In order to minimize the negative impact of the identified range of problems, it is proposed to introduce preventive measures in the following areas: the state support system improvement, infrastructure development, the production base and resource support improvement, integration relations development.
Abstract	The article substantiates the prospects for the development and increase of the functioning efficiency of small farming forms in the countryside. Particular attention is paid to the study of factors that have a negative impact on the farms and households functioning. Based on the analysis of statistical indicators, it has been established that the most significant factors that have a negative impact on the functioning of small farming forms in the countryside are the difficulty of manufactured products realization, insufficiently effective state support, lack of developed infrastructure, low education level of households' heads. In order to minimize the negative impact of the identified range of problems, it is proposed to introduce preventive measures in the following areas: the state support system improvement, infrastructure development, the production base and resource support improvement, integration relations development.
Cytowanie	Tkachuk V., Vitriak O. (2019) Perspectives of Development and Enhancement of the Efficiency of the Functioning of Small Forms of Business on the Village.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 3: 108-115
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n3_s108.pdf

Autor	Maria Rysz
Tytuł	CHANGES IN PRODUCTION AND VOLATILES OF FOREIGN TRADE INDUSTRY FRUIT IN POLAND OVER THE YEARS 2010 - 2017
Title
Słowa kluczowe	share of fruit, export, import, supply, fruit consumption
Key words
Abstrakt	The purpose of the work was to determine changes in production in Polish foreign trade and the level of fruitthat are being consumed by Polish consumers from 2010 to 2017. The article analyses quantitative and valuablechanges in export, import and the balance of Polish fruit turnover. The article presents the share of fruitharvest in Poland in the context of global and European production, the importance of Polish fruit export andimport, as well as the results of statistical analysis of the impact of fruit supply on the consumption of theseproducts in Polish households from 2010 to 2017. The research shows that the supply of fruit on the Polishmarket did not have a significant impact on the amount of their consumption in households.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Rysz M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2019_n3_s124.pdf

Autor	Ruslan Mudrak, Iryna Nizhnik
Tytuł	Food aid for the poor – key working tool for protection of food interestsof ukraine’s population
Title
Słowa kluczowe	food interests, protection, subsistence level, food aid, budget, cost multiplier
Key words
Abstrakt	The need to protect the food interests of Ukrainian citizens is conditioned by a number of pressing challenges – insufficient level of income, high growth rates of consumer food prices, excessive level of market concentration, excessive volumes of food exports, which cause a deficit in the domestic market, etc. For a full-scale deployment of the Ukrainian food aid program, it is necessary to preliminarily conduct an experiment. As part of the experiment, we propose to involve low-income citizens in the program, who has a total income not exceeding 130% of the poverty line (subsistence level). According to the statistics of 2017, the protection of food interests needs those households whose average income is less than UAH 2,085 per month – these are household’s first decile group. The average benefit is UAH 284 per person per month. A tentative budget for food aid for all households and the decile group should be UAH 1204.6 million. An increase in food expenditure by 1% will lead to an increase in real GDP of Ukraine by 0.97%. Food expenditures of the population of Ukraine in 2017 amounted to UAH 673539.0 million. Their increase by UAH 1204.6 million, or 0.18%, will cause real GDP growth of 0.17% or UAH 4266.9 million.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Mudrak R., Nizhnik I.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2019_n11_s73.pdf

Autor	Czesław Nowak
Tytuł	Dziedzictwo kulinarne i przyrodnicze w zarządzaniu rozwojem turystykiwiejskiej na przykładzie Norwegii
Title	Culinary and natural heritage in managing the development of rural tourism using Norway as an example
Słowa kluczowe	Norwegia, turystyka wiejska, dziedzictwo kulinarne, dziedzictwo przyrodnicze
Key words	Norway, rural tourism, culinary heritage, natural heritage
Abstrakt	Norwegia jest państwem o największym na świecie ekwiwalencie subwencji dla producentów rolnych – PSE w państwach OECD. Pomimo to od lat zmniejsza się tam zatrudnienie w rolnictwie i następuje wyludnianie obszarów wiejskich. Rozwój turystyki wiejskiej przyczynia się zarówno do spowolnienia tego procesu poprzez zwiększanie dochodów wiejskich gospodarstw domowych, jak i do zachowania tradycyjnego krajobrazu, wartości ekologicznych oraz dziedzictwa kulturowego, szczególnie kulinarnego. Za zarządzanie rozwojem turystyki na poziomie krajowym odpowiedzialne są głównie Ministerstwo ds. Klimatu i Środowiska, a szczególnie Departament Dziedzictwa Kulturowego i Środowiska Kulturowego i Departament Bioróżnorodności, a także Ministerstwo Rolnictwa i Żywności1. Na poziomie lokalnym dzięki innowacyjnemu podejściu do zarządzania przedsiębiorstwa turystyczne, chcąc ograniczyć negatywne skutki dużej sezonowości w tym sektorze gospodarki, przygotowują zarówno oferty typowe dla sezonu zimowego, jak i letniego. Umożliwia to zarówno lepsze wykorzystanie takich zasobów jak baza hotelowa oraz restauracje, jak i utrzymanie poziomu zatrudnienia pracowników.
Abstract	Of the OECD countries Norway has the world’s largest Producer and Support Estimate (PSE). Despite this, employment in agriculture has been decreasing for years and the rural population is dwindling. The development of rural tourism contributes to the slowing down of this process by increasing the income of rural households, as well as preserving the traditional landscape, ecological values and cultural heritage, especially culinary heritage. The Ministry of Climate and Environment (Department of Cultural heritage and cultural environment) and the Ministry of Agriculture and Food are mainly responsible for managing the development of tourism at the national level. At the local level – thanks to an innovative approach to management – tourism enterprises, wanting to limit the negative impact of high seasonality in this sector of the economy, are engaged in the preparation of not only typical winter sport offers, such as skiing, but also of summer sports. This facilitates the better use of resources such as hotels and restaurants, and also helps to maintain employment levels.
Cytowanie	Nowak C.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2019_n11_s85.pdf

Autor	Małgorzata Raczkowska, Joanna Wrzesińska-Kowal
Tytuł	Nierówności i ubóstwo ekonomiczne na obszarach wiejskich w Polsce
Title	INEQUALITY AND ECONOMIC POVERTY IN RURAL AREAS OF POLAND
Słowa kluczowe	dochód, nierówności dochodowe, ubóstwo, obszary wiejskie
Key words	income, income inequality, poverty, rural areas
Abstrakt	Celem badań było przedstawienie problemów zagadnienia nierówności i ubóstwa ekonomicznego na obszarach wiejskich w Polsce w latach 2010-2016. Przyjęto hipotezę badawczą zakładającą, iż wysoki poziom nierówności dochodowych prowadzi do wysokiego poziomu ubóstwa relatywnego. Wyniki badań pokazały, iż pomiędzy nierównościami dochodowymi mierzonymi współczynnikiem Giniego a ubóstwem relatywnym na obszarach wiejskich istnieje silna dodatnia zależność. Nie zaobserwowano natomiast żadnego związku pomiędzy zmiennymi dla grupy zawodowej rolników. Można zatem przyjąć, że wzrost nierówności dochodowych na obszarach wiejskich powoduje wzrost ubóstwa relatywnego, ale zależność ta nie dotyczyła ludności, której głównym źródłem utrzymania było gospodarstwo rolne.
Abstract	The aim of the paper was to present the level of disparities and economic poverty in rural areas of Poland in the period 2010-2016. The adopted research assumption was that a high level of income inequality led to a high level of relative poverty. The research was based on the analysis and synthesis of literature and secondary statistical data from the Central Statistical Office. In the theoretical part, the author presented an overview of inequality and poverty definitions. The research part used descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The obtained results demonstrate that there is a strong positive correlation between income inequality measured using the Gini index and relative poverty in rural areas. No correlation between variables for the professional group of farmers was observed. It can be thus assumed that an increase in income inequality in rural areas leads to an increase in relative poverty, however this correlation does not apply to households, where the main source of income is agriculture.
Cytowanie	Raczkowska M., Wrzesińska-Kowal J. (2018) Nierówności i ubóstwo ekonomiczne na obszarach wiejskich w Polsce.Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 105, z. 1: 7-17
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2018_n1_s7.pdf

Autor	Agata Marcysiak, Adam Marcysiak
Tytuł	Efektywność wykorzystania zasobów w różnych typach gospodarstwach
Title	EFFECTIVENESS OF RESOURCE USE IN VARIOUS TYPES OF FARMS
Słowa kluczowe	typ rolniczy, produktywność, dochodowość.
Key words	agricultural type, productivity, profitability.
Abstrakt	Typ rolniczy stanowi jedno z kryteriów używanych dla charakteryzowania gospodarstwa rolnego w UE. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest próba ukazania zakresu efektywności wykorzystania zasobów produkcyjnych w różnych typach gospodarstw. Do oceny efektywności gospodarowania w poszczególnych typach gospodarstw posłużono się produktywnością i dochodowością ziemi, pracy i kapitału. Poszczególne wielkości ukazano w przeliczeniu na jedno gospodarstwo w zł. Skalę zróżnicowania przedstawiono w ujęciu procentowym. Przeprowadzona analiza wykazała, iż intensywna produkcja prowadzona w gospodarstwach drobiarskich i ogrodniczych sprawiała, że to właśnie one osiągnęły w 2016 roku najwyższą produktywność i dochodowość ziemi i kapitału.
Abstract	The agricultural type is one of the criteria used to characterize a farm in the EU. The purpose of this study is to show the range of the effectiveness of the use of production resources in various types of farms. The productivity and profitability of land, labor and capital were used to assess the effectiveness of management in particular types of farms. Individual sizes are shown per one household in PLN. The scale of diversification is presented in percentage terms. The analysis carried out showed that intensive production carried out on poultry and horticultural farms made them the most productive and profitable land and capital in 2016.
Cytowanie	Marcysiak A., Marcysiak A. (2018) Efektywność wykorzystania zasobów w różnych typach gospodarstwach .Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 19(68): 122-131
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2018_n68_s122.pdf

Autor	Andrzej Jędruchniewicz, Jacek Maśniak
Tytuł	Przemiany własnościowe ziemi rolnej w Polsce
Title	Changes in agricultural land ownership in Poland
Słowa kluczowe	rolnictwo, własność, prywatyzacja ziemi rolnej, gospodarstwo rodzinne
Key words	agriculture, property, agricultural land privatization, family household
Abstrakt	Celem opracowania jest przedstawienie i ocena procesu przekształceń własnościowych ziemi rolnej w Polsce z uwzględnieniem roli, jaką odegrała polityka kształtowania polskiego modelu rolnictwa opartego na gospodarstwach rodzinnych. Zadaniem obecnie prowadzonej polityki kształtowania ustroju rolnego jest ochrona i rozwój gospodarstw rodzinnych. Od 2003 roku występują ułatwienia w dostępie do ziemi dla tych gospodarstw. W latach 1992–2016 Agencja Nieruchomości Rolnych sprzedała łącznie ponad 2,6 mln ha gruntów rolnych. Osoby fizyczne zakupiły 80,8% sprywatyzowanych gruntów rolnych, a 19,2% tego typu gruntów nabyły osoby prawne. W 2016 roku w gospodarstwach prywatnych znajdowało się 91,4% użytków rolnych ogółem, a własność publiczna stanowiła 8,6%. Struktura własnościowa ziemi rolnej w Polsce jest zróżnicowana przestrzennie. Udział prywatnej własności jest największy w województwach mazowieckim i świętokrzyskim, a najmniejszy w województwie zachodniopomorskim.
Abstract	The aim of the article was to present the process of agricultural land privatization in Poland, taking into account the role that this policy has played in terms of shaping the Polish agricultural model, based on family households. The purpose of the current agrarian system shaping policy is the protection and development of family households. Since 2003 there have been facilitated access to land for family households. Between 1992 and 2016, the total of over 2.6 million ha of agricultural land were sold. Natural persons acquired the total of 81% of privatized agricultural land, with the 19% being acquired by legal entities. In 2016 private farms accounted for 91.4% of total agricultural land, while public ownership accounted for 8.6%. The ownership structure of agricultural land in Poland is spatially diversified. The share of private ownership is the largest in the Mazowieckie and Świętokrzyskie Voivodships, and the smallest in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodship.
Cytowanie	Jędruchniewicz A., Maśniak J. (2018) Przemiany własnościowe ziemi rolnej w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 121: 25-39
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2018_n121_s25.pdf

Autor	Marlena Piekut
Tytuł	CONSUMPTION PATTERNS AMONG ONE-PERSON HOUSEHOLDS OF NEVER MARRIED IN POLAND
Title
Słowa kluczowe	single-person households, consumption, goods, services
Key words
Abstrakt	The scientific objective of the study was to identify consumption patterns in one-person households of never- married women and men, living independently. Ward’s grouping method make possible to establish the number of households’ clusters. The final stage of household grouping procedure, regarding consumption expenditures was accomplished with k-means clustering method. It can be concluded that distinguishing the consumption patterns for one-person households of never married is possible on the basis of diversification both level and structure of incomes in these households as well as socio-demographic differences between them. Depending on economic and socio-demographic variables, disparate consumption patterns for these types of households can be observed. In addition, it’s worth stressing that household having different level of income (although coming from similar source) but similar demographic structure show greater similarity than households having similar financial situation.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Piekut M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s75.pdf

Autor	Anna Szumiec
Tytuł	Płatności bezpośrednie, jako forma wsparcia dochodów gospodarstw prowadzących ekologiczny chów bydła mięsnego
Title	Direct Payments as a Form of Income Support for Farms Engaged in Organic Livestock Rearing
Słowa kluczowe	gospodarstwa ekologiczne, żywiec wołowy, dochody, płatności
Key words	organic farms, beef cattle, income, payment
Abstrakt	Celem pracy była odpowiedź na pytanie, jaka jest relacja pomiędzy poziomem dopłat otrzymywanych przez gospodarstwa prowadzące ekologiczny chów bydła mięsnego a osiąganym przez nie dochodem z działalności. Badania przeprowadzono w 2014 r., i objęto nimi łącznie 30 gospodarstw, które podzielono na dwie grupy w zależności od ilości wyprodukowanego żywca. Materiał pierwotny do realizacji badań, uzyskano podczas wywiadu bezpośredniego z producentami rolnymi, wykorzystując do tego celu kwestionariusz wywiadu oraz z dokumentacji księgowo-finansowej. Zgodnie z metodyką przyjętą przez IERiGŻ obliczono kategorie dochodowe tj. dochód z działalności bez dopłat i dochód z działalności, a także opłacalność produkcji żywca oraz relację pomiędzy poziomem płatności a wysokością dochodu (%). W I grupie gospodarstw (x=22,56 dt żywca) produkcja żywca przyniosła stratę na poziomie 5 521 zł/gosp., ale dzięki subwencjom udało się osiągnąć dodatni wynik finansowy (tj. 23 576,49 zł/gosp.). Poziom dopłat był o 123,42% wyższy niż osiągane przez te podmioty dochody z produkcji wraz z dopłatami. W II grupie gospodarstw (x=51,00 dt żywca) osiągnięto dodatni wynik finansowy nawet już bez dopłat (tj. 180,18 zł/gosp.).
Abstract	The aim of the study was to answer the question of the relation between the level of subsidies received by farms conducting organic livestock rearing and their income from this activity. The study was conducted in 2014 and covered a total of 30 farms, which were divided into two groups according to the number of livestock produced. The primary material for the research was obtained during direct interview with agricultural producers, using for this purpose an interview questionnaire and accounting and financial documentation. According to the methodology adopted by IAFE, income categories were calculated, i.e. income from activity without subsidies and income from activity, as well as the profitability of livestock production and the relationship between the level of payment and the amount of income (%). In the first group of households (x = 22.56 dt livestock), the production of livestock brought a loss of 5 521 PLN/household, but thanks to the subsidies it was possible to achieve a positive financial result (23 576.49 zł/household). The level of subsidies was 123.42% higher than the income generated by these entities, together with subsidies. In the second group of households (x = 51,00 dt/ livestock), a positive financial result was achieved, even without subsidy (180.18/PLN household).
Cytowanie	Szumiec A. (2018) Płatności bezpośrednie, jako forma wsparcia dochodów gospodarstw prowadzących ekologiczny chów bydła mięsnego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 1: 287-298
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n1_s287.pdf

Autor	Marta Guth, Katarzyna Smędzik-Ambroży, Sebastian Stępień
Tytuł	Rola wspólnej polityki rolnej w kreowaniu dochodów gospodarstw rolnych w Unii Europejskiej w kontekście zrównoważenia ekonomiczno-społecznego
Title	The Role of the Common Agricultural Policy in Creating Agricultural Incomes in the European Union in the Context of Socio-Economic Sustainability
Słowa kluczowe	wspólna polityka rolna, subsydia, zrównoważenie ekonomiczno-społeczne, dochody rolnicze, kraje UE.
Key words	Common Agricultural Policy, subsidies, economic and social sustainability, farm incomes, panel analysis, EU countries
Abstrakt	Celem publikacji jest określenie wpływu subsudiów wspólnej polityki rolnej (WPR) na poziom ekonomicznego i społecznego zrównoważenia gospodarstw rolnych w krajach Unii Europejskiej. Zakres przestrzenny obejmuje wszystkie kraje UE, a zakres czasowy lata 2005-2015. Główna konkluzja stanowi, iż dzięki wsparciu w ramach WPR średnie dochody gospodarstw rolnych zbliżają się do przeciętnych dochodów w sektorach pozarolniczych, jednak dystrybucja wsparcia dla gospodarstw rolnych jest nierówna względem ich siły ekonomicznej. To prowadzi do wzrostu dysparytetu dochodów pomiędzy małymi, średnimi i dużymi podmiotami. Innymi słowy, unijna polityka rolna poprawia ogólny poziom zrównoważenia ekonomicznego rolnictwa, ale nie spełnia kreterium zrównoważenia społecznego (w tym ujęciu rozumianego przez pryzmat bardziej równomiernej dystrybucji dochodów). Z tego punktu widzenia można stwierdzić, iż wsparcie rolnictwa w ramach WPR powinno być kontynuowane, aby zapobiec deprywacji dochodów rolniczych względem otoczenia, jednakże struktura tego wsparcia musi być zmieniona w kierunku bardziej sprawiedliwego podziału funduszy.
Abstract	The aim of the paper is to determine the influence of the Common Agricultural Policy’s (CAP) subsidies on the level of economic and social sustainability of farms in the European Union countries. Spatial scope covers all EU countries and the time range covers the years of 2005-2015. The main finding is that, thanks to the CAP support, the average income of farm households is approaching the average income of non-agricultural sectors, but distribution of this support is uneven among the farms. This leads to an increase in income disparities for small, medium and large farms. In other words, the EU’s agricultural policy improves the general level of economic sustainability of the agricultural sector, but it is not an instrument serving the income equilibrium (as a social element of sustainability). From the point of view of the sustainable development paradigm, support for agriculture should be continued to prevent deprivation of agricultural income in relation to non-agricultural income. However the structure of CAP support should be changed towards a more equable distribution of money, as it now leads to differentiation of income of small and large farms.
Cytowanie	Guth M., Smędzik-Ambroży K., Stępień S. (2018) Rola wspólnej polityki rolnej w kreowaniu dochodów gospodarstw rolnych w Unii Europejskiej w kontekście zrównoważenia ekonomiczno-społecznego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 3: 295-305
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n3_s295.pdf

Autor	Anna Kowalska
Tytuł	Changes in Demand and Expenses for Food in Households in Poland
Title	Changes in Demand and Expenses for Food in Households in Poland
Słowa kluczowe	consumption, expenses, households, foodstuffs
Key words	consumption, expenses, households, foodstuffs
Abstrakt	The aim of the work is to assess the demand for food among households in Poland and the changes that occurred in this demand in the years 2000-2016. In addition, changes in the consumption of selected food products over a period of 10 years depending on the socio-economic group of the household have been evaluated. The research material consists of secondary data obtained from the publication of the Central Statistical Office in the years 2000-2016. The study uses descriptive statistics methods. The income situation of households in Poland during the period under review significantly improved. In the analysed years, monthly expenses on food products per one person grew slower than total expenditure and disposable income. The analysis of the research material showed a decrease in consumption of the majority of discussed food products. The increase in demand occurred in the case of yoghurts as well as cheese and curd. The analysis divided into socio-economic groups of the households showed significant variation in the consumption of sugar, fish and seafood as well as oils and fats.
Abstract	The aim of the work is to assess the demand for food among households in Poland and the changes that occurred in this demand in the years 2000-2016. In addition, changes in the consumption of selected food products over a period of 10 years depending on the socio-economic group of the household have been evaluated. The research material consists of secondary data obtained from the publication of the Central Statistical Office in the years 2000-2016. The study uses descriptive statistics methods. The income situation of households in Poland during the period under review significantly improved. In the analysed years, monthly expenses on food products per one person grew slower than total expenditure and disposable income. The analysis of the research material showed a decrease in consumption of the majority of discussed food products. The increase in demand occurred in the case of yoghurts as well as cheese and curd. The analysis divided into socio-economic groups of the households showed significant variation in the consumption of sugar, fish and seafood as well as oils and fats.
Cytowanie	Kowalska A. (2018) Changes in Demand and Expenses for Food in Households in Poland.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 2: 166-174
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n2_s166.pdf

Autor	Jadwiga Zaród
Tytuł	Identyfikacja głównych determinant rozwoju rolnictwa w krajach Unii Europejskie
Title	Identification of the Main Determinants of Agricultural Development in the European Union Countries
Słowa kluczowe	analiza dyskryminacyjna, determinanty rozwoju rolnictwa, klasyfikacja krajów UE
Key words	discriminatory analysis, determinants of agricultural development, classification of EU countries
Abstrakt	Poziom rozwoju rolnictwa w krajach UE jest zróżnicowany. Znajomość czynników bezpośrednio oddziałujących na przemiany w rolnictwie może przyczynić się do zmniejszania dysproporcji pomiędzy państwami. Celem tego opracowania jest wskazanie głównych czynników determinujących rozwój rolnictwa w Unii. Do realizacji tego zadania wykorzystano analizę dyskryminacyjną. Natomiast materiał badawczy stanowiły dane GUS i EUROSTATU, dotyczące rolnictwa w krajach UE. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że rozwój rolnictwa w UE determinują szczególnie takie czynniki jak: produktywności pracy, udział zasiewu zbóż w ogólnej powierzchni gruntów ornych, dochód rolniczy oraz wydatki na spożycie w gospodarstwach domowych. Ponadto analiza dyskryminacyjna pozwoliła przypisać poszczególne kraje do grup o różnym poziomie rozwoju rolnictwa.
Abstract	The level of agricultural development in the EU countries is varies significantly. The knowledge of factors directly affecting changes in agriculture can contribute to reducing disparities between countries. The purpose of this study is to indicate the main factors which determine agricultural development in the European Union. To implement this task, the discriminant analysis was used. The research material were data from the GUS and EUROSTAT regarding agriculture in EU countries. The research shows that the development of agriculture in the EU is determined in particular by factors such as the share of sowing of cereals in the total area of arable land, consumption expenditure in households, labor productivity and agricultural income. In addition, the discriminatory analysis allowed assigning particular countries to groups with different levels of agricultural development.
Cytowanie	Zaród J. (2018) Identyfikacja głównych determinant rozwoju rolnictwa w krajach Unii Europejskie.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 3: 342-352
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n3_s342.pdf

Autor	Magdalena Cyrek, Piotr Cyrek
Tytuł	DIFFERENCE IN CONSUMPTION BETWEEN URBAN AND RURAL HOUSEHOLDS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	consumption, well-being, households, city-countryside
Key words
Abstrakt	Levels of income, consumer expenditure and their structure display significant disproportions between areas of different degrees of urbanisation. These disproportions are reflected both in the objective comparison and subjectively perceived material situation of households. This study contains an assessment of the differences in income and consumption in rural areas and cities of Poland at a national level and in relation to the Subcarpathian Province, as a less developed region. The results of public statistic surveys were supplemented with the results of own research regarding the perception of the situation by the inhabitants of Subcarpathia. The scale of existing socio-economic disproportion in spatial layout and directions of changes in accordance to objective and subjective indicators were identified. The changes in the value of purchases of various types of products, levels of savings and living conditions were addressed. In order to verify the hypothesis of consumption convergence in the city-countryside system, a statistical analysis of national structures was carried out and the differences in change patterns typical for urban and rural households in Subcarpathia were identified. This research allows to conclude that there exist adverse disproportions in rural development and some signs of overcoming them on a national and regional level.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Cyrek M., Cyrek P.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s68.pdf

Autor	Kaja Karwowska, Magdalena Skotnicka, Maria Śmiechowska
Tytuł	The Problem of Food Waste in Different Types of Households on the Example of the Residents of Poland and Polish People Residing in the United Kingdom – Pilot Study
Title	The Problem of Food Waste in Different Types of Households on the Example of the Residents of Poland and Polish People Residing in the United Kingdom – Pilot Study
Słowa kluczowe	waste food, household
Key words	waste food, household
Abstrakt	The objective of this study was comparing the scale of food waste depending on different types of households among Poles living in Poland and in the UK. The research was conducted in the group of 622 persons, whereas 345 persons lived in Poland and 277 were residing in the UK for minimum 2 years, however not longer than 10 years. The respondents were differentiated depending on the type of the household in which they lived: 1-person, 2-person, 3-person, 4-person and more. More than the half of the respondents declared that they had happened to throw away food, whereas these are the “British” Poles who waste food most and who are comprised in 1- and 2-person households. A significant dependence was observed in both studied groups, the more numerous the household was the lesser amount of food was wasted. The mostly wasted food included bread, yoghurts, sausage, fruit and vegetables, regardless of the number of persons in the given household or of the place of residence. Due to the fact that the rate of food waste is so high, it is necessary to find a way to implement new ideas and interventions which would limit the food waste in the households.
Abstract	The objective of this study was comparing the scale of food waste depending on different types of households among Poles living in Poland and in the UK. The research was conducted in the group of 622 persons, whereas 345 persons lived in Poland and 277 were residing in the UK for minimum 2 years, however not longer than 10 years. The respondents were differentiated depending on the type of the household in which they lived: 1-person, 2-person, 3-person, 4-person and more. More than the half of the respondents declared that they had happened to throw away food, whereas these are the “British” Poles who waste food most and who are comprised in 1- and 2-person households. A significant dependence was observed in both studied groups, the more numerous the household was the lesser amount of food was wasted. The mostly wasted food included bread, yoghurts, sausage, fruit and vegetables, regardless of the number of persons in the given household or of the place of residence. Due to the fact that the rate of food waste is so high, it is necessary to find a way to implement new ideas and interventions which would limit the food waste in the households.
Cytowanie	Karwowska K., Skotnicka M., Śmiechowska M. (2018) The Problem of Food Waste in Different Types of Households on the Example of the Residents of Poland and Polish People Residing in the United Kingdom – Pilot Study.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 3: 282-294
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n3_s282.pdf

Autor	Mateusz Kuszneruk, Agnieszka Siedlecka
Tytuł	Zrównoważona konsumpcja a marnotrawstwo żywności w opinii kierowników gospodarstw domowych
Title	SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION AND WASTE OF FOOD IN THE OPINION OF HOUSEHOLD MANAGERS
Słowa kluczowe	gospodarstwo domowe, konsumpcja, konsumpcja zrównoważona, marnotrawstwo żywności
Key words	household, consumption, sustainable consumption, food wastage
Abstrakt	Celem artykułu jest wskazanie różnic w podejściu do konsumpcji zrównoważonej oraz marnotrawstwa żywności według deklarowanej postawy konsumpcyjnej. Dla jego realizacji określono pytania badawcze: Czy gospodarstwa domowe kierowane przez respondentów wyrażających opinię o zależności pomiędzy konsumpcją zrównoważoną a stanem środowiska naturalnego zdecydowanie rzadziej wyrzucają artykuły żywnościowe? Czy w tego rodzaju gospodarstwach częściej decyzje nabywcze podejmowane są racjonalnie?
Abstract	The aim of the paper is to indicate differences in the approach to sustainable consumption and food wastage according to the declared consumerist attitude. To accomplish such an aim there are asked the following research questions: Do households managed by respondents who express the opinion on the relationship between sustainable consumption and the state of the environment much less frequently discard food products? Do these types of households make more rational purchase decisions?
Cytowanie	Kuszneruk M., Siedlecka A. (2018) Zrównoważona konsumpcja a marnotrawstwo żywności w opinii kierowników gospodarstw domowych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 19(68): 223-236
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2018_n68_s223.pdf

Autor	Włodzimierz Kołodziejczak
Tytuł	DECOMPOSITION OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN RURAL POPULATION ON THE BASIS OF MAIN SOURCES OF INCOME IN 2002–2009 AND 2016
Title
Słowa kluczowe	natural unemployment, labour flows, rural population
Key words
Abstrakt	The aim of the paper is to present a decomposition of unemployment in the rural population into the structural and cyclical components in groups distinguished based on their main source of household income. This study was conducted using the method estimating the level of natural unemployment (equilibrium unemployment) proposed by the Centre for Economic Policy Research (1995). The analysis was based on individual, unweighted, quarterly raw data provided by the Polish LFS (BAEL) from the years 2002–2009 and 2016. The professional situation of the rural population in the analysed period improved, which was manifested in an increase in the employment rate and a reduction of the actual unemployment rate. Between the periods of 2002–2005 and 2006–2009 actual unemployment ‘followed’ the lower values of equilibrium unemployment. In 2016 the actual unemployment rate was lower than in previous periods; however, an adverse change was observed for its relation to the natural unemployment rate. If we assume that it will – as previously – strive to attain the equilibrium level, in the case of a downturn on the market for goods and services the actual unemployment among the rural population may considerably increase, particularly in the group of individuals whose main source of income is provided by unemployment benefits and the family farm.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Kołodziejczak W.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s102.pdf

Autor	Mirosława Witkowska-Dąbrowska
Tytuł	Wyposażenie obszarów wiejskich w systemy odprowadzania ścieków na przykładzie gmin powiatu olsztyńskiego
Title	SEWAGE DISCHARGE SYSTEMS IN RURAL AREAS, A CASE STUDY OF THE MUNICIPALITIES IN THE DISTRICT OF OLSZTYN
Słowa kluczowe	obszary wiejskie, systemy odprowadzania ścieków, przydomowe oczyszczalnie ścieków, kanalizacja, wodociągi
Key words	rural areas, wastewater management systems, home wastewater treatment plants, sewers, waterworks
Abstrakt	W artykule zaprezentowano zmiany stanu wyposażenia obszarów wiejskich powiatu olsztyńskiego ziemskiego w systemy odprowadzania ścieków bytowych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem przydomowych oczyszczalni ścieków. Dane pochodziły z zasobów GUS-BDL. Obliczono udział ludności korzystającej z wodociągów i kanalizacji oraz zaprezentowano liczbę komunalnych oczyszczalni ścieków. Dane dotyczące przydomowych oczyszczalni ścieków i zbiorników bezodpływowych przeanalizowano na 1000 mieszkańców oraz na 100 km2 powierzchni. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że wyposażenie w systemy odprowadzania ścieków rośnie. Szczególnie korzystnie rośnie liczba przydomowych oczyszczalni ścieków i nie spada liczba bezodpływowych zbiorników. Jest to wynikiem rosnącej liczby gospodarstw domowych i mieszkańców zwłaszcza w gminach otaczających Olsztyn.
Abstract	The purpose of the study was to evaluate, in a local approach, the state of supply of rural areas in a rural district with household wastewater management systems, with the focus on home wastewater treatment plants. The study covered the rural areas of the district of Olsztyn. The data, which were acquired from the Bank of Local Data, were processed through basic mathematical transformations and statistical measures. The structure and intensity indices were calculated per 1,000 residents. Large differences were found in the access to linear infrastructure and to individual systems of wastewater discharge. The results showed a constant increase in the number of home wastewater treatment plants and septic tanks due to the constant influx of people to villages lying around the town of Olsztyn. In contrast to studies conducted on a regional scale, no decrease in the number of septic tanks was observed correlated with the growing number of home wastewater treatment plants. A possible reason can be the specific environmental conditions and protection of inland waters, which limit possible locations of home wastewater treatment plants.
Cytowanie	Witkowska-Dąbrowska M. (2018) Wyposażenie obszarów wiejskich w systemy odprowadzania ścieków na przykładzie gmin powiatu olsztyńskiego .Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 105, z. 1: 58-67
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2018_n1_s58.pdf

Autor	Raqif Huseynov, Harshavardhan Kummitha, Michał Wojtaszek
Tytuł	Development of Agritourism in the Light of Economics: Case Studies of Italy and Poland
Title	Development of Agritourism in the Light of Economics: Case Studies of Italy and Poland
Słowa kluczowe	agritourism, local communities, economic benefits, Poland, Italy
Key words	agritourism, local communities, economic benefits, Poland, Italy
Abstrakt	Recreational activities pertaining to farmlands are receiving increased attention from both research and practice. One of the major reasons for this heightened importance attributed to farmland tourism is due partly to its potential to advance the local economy and to the benefits it brings for farmers and visitors. Thus, analyzing the role of agritourism in advancing socio-economic prosperity is of pivotal importance. With this background, the paper discusses the economic benefits of agritourism. The results reported in the paper are related to organizations located in Poland and Italy. Agritourism can bring several economic benefits in the countries and regions. What is interesting, the average income from agritourism is about one-third of the overall household income of farmers. Moreover, food service is a crucial factor in the success of agritourism as it brings extra money to farmers. It shows the importance of the relationship between the income obtained from agritourism activities and the benefits local communities gain by engaging in multiple tourism promotion activities.
Abstract	Recreational activities pertaining to farmlands are receiving increased attention from both research and practice. One of the major reasons for this heightened importance attributed to farmland tourism is due partly to its potential to advance the local economy and to the benefits it brings for farmers and visitors. Thus, analyzing the role of agritourism in advancing socio-economic prosperity is of pivotal importance. With this background, the paper discusses the economic benefits of agritourism. The results reported in the paper are related to organizations located in Poland and Italy. Agritourism can bring several economic benefits in the countries and regions. What is interesting, the average income from agritourism is about one-third of the overall household income of farmers. Moreover, food service is a crucial factor in the success of agritourism as it brings extra money to farmers. It shows the importance of the relationship between the income obtained from agritourism activities and the benefits local communities gain by engaging in multiple tourism promotion activities.
Cytowanie	Huseynov R., Kummitha H., Wojtaszek M. (2018) Development of Agritourism in the Light of Economics: Case Studies of Italy and Poland.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 1: 143-148
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n1_s143.pdf

Autor	Justyna Franc - Dąbrowska, Małgorzata Porada - Rochoń, Beata Świecka
Tytuł	Niewypłacalność przedsiębiorstw i gospodarstw domowych - Analiza porównawcza
Title	INSOLVENCY OF ENTERPRISES AND HOUSEHOLDS - COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Słowa kluczowe	niewypłacalność, gospodarstwa domowe, przedsiębiorstwa
Key words	insolvency households, enterprises
Abstrakt	Celem badań było zebranie badań dotyczących niewypłacalności przedsiębiorstw i gospodarstw domowych na podstawie literatury krajowej i międzynarodowej. Stwierdzono, że gospodarstwa domowe i przedsiębiorstwa łączy podatność na zjawisko niewypłacalności. Mimo, że różnią się od siebie w sensie podmiotowości, to jednak funkcjonują w tym samym otoczeniu. Gospodarstwa domowe, są bardzo zróżnicowane, rozdrobnione i jest ich znacznie więcej niż przedsiębiorstw. W obu wypadkach niewypłacalność jest determinowana wieloma zmiennymi, a nie jest tylko funkcją dochodu. Ponadto niewypłacalność jest zjawiskiem stopniowalnym, nie pojawia się od razu i nagle, dlatego też, rozwój badań i dopracowanie metodyki pozwala na predykcję tego zjawiska i rozpoznanie czynników sygnalizujących o pojawiającym się niebezpieczeństwie. Wśród determinant niewypłacalności wspólnych dla przedsiębiorstw i gospodarstw domowych należy zaliczyć problem z terminowym regulowaniem zobowiązań. Jest to skutek innych problemów finansowych tych podmiotów, a szczególnie poziomu i struktury zadłużenia, które nie zawsze jest dopasowane do możliwości płatniczych przedsiębiorcy, czy przeciętnego człowieka. Problem nadmiernego zadłużenia i złej jego struktury współcześnie wydaje się problemem ogólnoświatowym, dotyczącym w szczególności państw wysoko rozwiniętych, cechujących się wysokim poziomem dobrobytu mieszkańców i przedsiębiorców.
Abstract	The aim of the research was to collect research on insolvency of enterprises and households based on national and international literature. It was found that households and enterprises combine vulnerability to the phenomenon of insolvency. Although they differ from each other in the sense of subjectivity, they function in the same environment. Households are very diverse, fragmented and there are many more than enterprises. In both cases, insolvency is determined by many variables, and is not just a function of income. In addition, insolvency is a gradual phenomenon, does not appear immediately and suddenly, therefore, the development of research and refinement of the methodology allows the prediction of this phenomenon and identification of signaling factors about the emerging danger. Among the insolvency determinants common for enterprises and households, the problem of timely payment of liabilities should be included. This is the result of other financial problems of these entities, especially the level and structure of debt, which is not always matched to the payment options of the entrepreneur or the average person. The problem of over-indebtedness and its poor structure currently seems to be a global problem, in particular for highly developed countries characterized by a high level of welfare of residents and entrepreneurs.
Cytowanie	Franc - Dąbrowska J., Porada - Rochoń M., Świecka B. (2018) Niewypłacalność przedsiębiorstw i gospodarstw domowych - Analiza porównawcza.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 19(68): 19-31
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2018_n68_s19.pdf