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Autor	Katarzyna Czech, Michał Wielechowski
Tytuł	ARE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY PRICES AFFECTED BY COVID-19? A STRUCTURAL BREAK IDENTIFICATION
Title
Słowa kluczowe	agricultural commodities, stock market, COVID-19, structural breaks
Key words
Abstrakt	The paper aims to identify the COVID-19-driven structural break in agricultural commodity prices time series. We assume the official outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, i.e., 11 March 2020, as the breaking point. We use data on the S&P GSCI Agriculture and Livestock Index and the S&P 500 from Refinitiv Datastream. The structural break is identified based on the Chow test. We prove the existence of structural break in both the S&P 500 and the S&P GSCI Agriculture and Livestock Index triggered by the official outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, to assess the causality between the analysed series, we apply the Granger causality test. We reveal a unidirectional causal relationship from the stock market to the agricultural commodity market.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Czech K., Wielechowski M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2020_n4_s37.pdf

Autor	Taras Hutsol, Vitalii Kovalenko, Nataliia Kovalenko, Michal Zasada
Tytuł	Economic efficiency of production of herbal granules
Title
Słowa kluczowe	managerial decision making, feed production, the efficiency of the production ofgranulated feed
Key words
Abstrakt	Improving production efficiency, increasing gross and marketable output is inextricablylinked to comprehensive intensification, that is, with the growth of additional investmentsin the development of agricultural production. The increase in capital investments isthe basis for strengthening and improving the material and technical base, and for implementingscientific and technological progress. Increasing the intensity of agriculture and animalhusbandry contributes to more efficient use of land and livestock, increasing crop yields andlivestock productivity. The main link between crop production and animal husbandry is feedproduction. Creating a solid feed base is the most important condition for the development ofanimal husbandry. Its state and level of development determine the possibility of increasingthe number of animals, increasing their productivity, improving the quality of products andreducing the cost of the latter. It is proved that the level of productivity of animals by 50-80%is determined by their feeding. Due to the importance of feed, it is necessary that their productionis ahead of the pace of needs (growth of livestock and its productivity). When forminga feed base, it is important to take into account not only the total volume of feed that willensure the production of a certain amount of products, but also their balance with nutrients.As a rule, feed, namely green feed, silage, haylage, is not a commodity product, that is, thereare no permanent markets for them. These types of feed are grown by those farms that areengaged in animal husbandry and must create their own raw material base for obtaining themain feed.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Hutsol T., Kovalenko V., Kovalenko N., Zasada M.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2020_n14_s127.pdf

Autor	Aneta Mikuła, Stanisław Stańko
Tytuł	Zmiany na rynku mięsa wieprzowego w Polsce w latach 2001 2017
Title	Changes on the Pork Meat Market in Poland in the years 2001 2017
Słowa kluczowe	pogłowie trzody, produkcja wieprzowiny, eksport, import, ceny
Key words	pig population, pork production, exports, imports, price
Abstrakt	Przedstawiono zmiany w podaży wieprzowiny w Polsce w latach 2001-2017. Pogłowie trzody chlewnej charakteryzowało się tendencją spadkową we wszystkich grupach zwierząt. W latach 2001-2007 import żywca wzrastał rocznie o 71 tys. szt., a w latach 2008-2017 o 603,5 tys. szt. Rosnąca skala importu żywca powodowała spowolnienie spadku produkcji mięsa. Eksport żywca charakteryzował się dużą zmiennością i był niewielki. Import mięsa charakteryzował się rosnącą skalą i tempem (prawie 32% rocznie w latach 2001-2008 i 3,1% w latach 2009-2017). Eksport mięsa rósł, a dynamika wzrostu od 2009 r. przewyższała skalę wzrostu importu, co zmniejszyło ujemne saldo handlu mięsem. Eksport przetworów z wieprzowiny charakteryzował się szybką tendencją wzrostową, a import niewielką. Ceny wieprzowiny w Polsce "podążały" za średnimi cenami w krajach UE. W średnim okresie tempo wzrostu cen w UE i w Polsce będzie niewielkie (0,8% rocznie), a Polska pozostanie nadal znacznym importerem żywych świń.
Abstract	Changes in pork supply in Poland in the years 2001-2017 were presented. The pig population was characterized by a downward trend in all groups of animals. In the years 2001-2007, livestock imports grew annually by 71 thousand pcs, and in the years 2008-2017 by 603.5 thousand pcs. The increasing scale of livestock import slowed the decline in meat production. Livestock export was characterized by high variability and was small. Meat imports were characterized by a growing scale and pace (almost 32% per annum in 2001-2008 and 3.1% in 2009-2017). Meat exports grew, and the growth rate since 2009 exceeded the scale of import growth, which improved the negative balance of meat trade. Exports of pork products were characterized by a rapid upward trend, and small imports. Pork prices in Poland "followed" average prices in EU countries. In the medium term, the growth rate of prices in the EU and in Poland will be small (0.8% per year). In the medium term Poland will remain a significant livestock importer.
Cytowanie	Mikuła A., Stańko S. (2019) Zmiany na rynku mięsa wieprzowego w Polsce w latach 2001 2017.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 2: 174-185
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n2_s174.pdf

Autor	Ewa Rosiak
Tytuł	Rynek nasion oleistych i produktów ich przerobu w Unii Europejskiej
Title	The Market of Oilseeds and Their Processing Productsin the European Union
Słowa kluczowe	Unia Europejska, nasiona oleiste, oleje roślinne, śruty oleiste, produkcja, zużycie, handel
Key words	European Union, oilseeds, vegetable oils, oilmeals, production, consumption, trade
Abstrakt	W artykule przedstawiono ocenę zmian jakie nastąpiły w produkcji, zużyciu i handlu nasionami oleistymi i produktami ich przerobu w Unii Europejskiej w latach 2000-2013. Analizę zmian przeprowadzono dla 28 państw Unii, uwzględniając podział na stare i nowe państwa członkowskie, w oparciu o dostępne dane Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych do spraw Wyżywienia i Rolnictwa (FAOSTAT). Od początku XXI wieku produkcja i zużycie nasion oleistych w Unii Europejskiej dynamicznie wzrasta w ślad za szybko rosnącym popytem na oleje roślinne w sektorze przemysłowym (w produkcji biopaliw), przy niewielkich zmianach w sektorze spożywczym oraz szybko rosnącym zapotrzebowaniem na śruty oleiste w sektorze paszowym, w związku z rozwojem produkcji zwierzęcej (w tym głównie drobiarskiej) i zmianą technologii żywienia zwierząt. Mimo dynamicznego rozwoju produkcji i przetwórstwa nasion oleistych (szybszego w nowych niż strych państwach członkowskich), Unia Europejska ma niską samowystarczalność w zakresie produktów oleistych i pozostaje trwałym ich importerem (w tym szczególnie śrut oleistych).
Abstract	The article presents an assessment of changes that have occurred in the production, consumption and trade of oilseeds and their processing products in the European Union in the years 2000-2013. The analysis of changes was carried out for 28 EU countries, including the division into old and new Member States, based on available data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAOSTAT). Since the beginning of the 21st century, the production and consumption of oilseeds in the European Union has been dynamically increasing following the rapidly growing demand for vegetable oils in the industrial sector (in biofuel production), with small changes in the food sector and rapidly growing demand for oilmeals in the feed sector, due to the development of livestock production (mainly poultry production) and a change in animal feeding technology. Despite the dynamic development of oilseed production and processing (faster in the new Member States than the old), the European Union has low self-sufficiency in the field of oil products and remains a permanent importer of oilseeds (including especially oilmeals).
Cytowanie	Rosiak E. (2019) Rynek nasion oleistych i produktów ich przerobu w Unii Europejskiej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 2: 151-161
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n2_s151.pdf

Autor	Jerzy Bieńkowski, Małgorzata Holka
Tytuł	Environmental Assessment of the Life Cycle of Bovine Compound Feeds from a Feed Milling Plant in a Large Commercial Farm in Wielkopolska Region, Poland
Title	Environmental Assessment of the Life Cycle of Bovine Compound Feeds from a Feed Milling Plant in a Large Commercial Farm in Wielkopolska Region, Poland
Słowa kluczowe	environment, life cycle analysis, impact category indicator, compound feed, feed mill, Poland
Key words	environment, life cycle analysis, impact category indicator, compound feed, feed mill, Poland
Abstrakt	In recent years, the importance of environmental threats associated with intensive livestock production has been emphasized. Compound feeds make up a part of the animal production chain. A complete assessment of the animal production system with regard to environmental criteria is therefore impossible without considering the environmental consequences of feed production. The goal of this research is to fill the gap in an environmental assessment of production processes of compound feeds in Poland. The study presents an assessment of production impacts of bovine compound feeds according to Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) methodology. The data for analysis were based on the set of information obtained from the feed milling plant located in a commercial agricultural enterprise in the Wielkopolska region in the years 2015-2016. An inventory table of inputs was prepared in relation to the functional unit of 1 ton of compound feeds and two phases of production processes, i.e. upstream and core. For average compound feed, the impact category indicators for the global warming potential, acidification, eutrophication, photochemical ozone formation, consumption of mineral resources, fossil fuel resources and the emission of the respirable particles were respectively: 605.9 kg CO2 eq, 8.73 kg SO2 eq, 3.32 kg PO4 eq, 0.73 kg ethylene eq, 3.4x10-3 kg antimony eq, 5141.1 MJ and 2.25 kg PM2.5 eq. The upstream phase had the greatest effect on investigated impacts, while the core processes phase had a relatively low impact on environmental threats. It is recommended to broaden the scope of the research for a larger group of feed milling plants with more complex manufacturing processes, with a more branched supply structure and a wide range of compound feeds for different animal types. The obtained data can be a valuable source base in prospective analyses of the life cycle of various animal products in Poland.
Abstract	In recent years, the importance of environmental threats associated with intensive livestock production has been emphasized. Compound feeds make up a part of the animal production chain. A complete assessment of the animal production system with regard to environmental criteria is therefore impossible without considering the environmental consequences of feed production. The goal of this research is to fill the gap in an environmental assessment of production processes of compound feeds in Poland. The study presents an assessment of production impacts of bovine compound feeds according to Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) methodology. The data for analysis were based on the set of information obtained from the feed milling plant located in a commercial agricultural enterprise in the Wielkopolska region in the years 2015-2016. An inventory table of inputs was prepared in relation to the functional unit of 1 ton of compound feeds and two phases of production processes, i.e. upstream and core. For average compound feed, the impact category indicators for the global warming potential, acidification, eutrophication, photochemical ozone formation, consumption of mineral resources, fossil fuel resources and the emission of the respirable particles were respectively: 605.9 kg CO2 eq, 8.73 kg SO2 eq, 3.32 kg PO4 eq, 0.73 kg ethylene eq, 3.4x10-3 kg antimony eq, 5141.1 MJ and 2.25 kg PM2.5 eq. The upstream phase had the greatest effect on investigated impacts, while the core processes phase had a relatively low impact on environmental threats. It is recommended to broaden the scope of the research for a larger group of feed milling plants with more complex manufacturing processes, with a more branched supply structure and a wide range of compound feeds for different animal types. The obtained data can be a valuable source base in prospective analyses of the life cycle of various animal products in Poland.
Cytowanie	Bieńkowski J., Holka M. (2019) Environmental Assessment of the Life Cycle of Bovine Compound Feeds from a Feed Milling Plant in a Large Commercial Farm in Wielkopolska Region, Poland.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 1: 22-36
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s22.pdf

Autor	olga Babytska, Olena Berbenets, Olena Pavlenko, Tamara Prykhodko, Olga Zhmaylova
Tytuł	THE ROLE OF NUTRIA MEAT PRODUCTION IN THE CONTEXT OF UKRAINE FOOD SECURITY
Title
Słowa kluczowe	food security, meat production, nutria breeding, effectiveness of production, expert evaluations
Key words
Abstrakt	The article presents the role and potential of the nutria breeding development as analternative livestock sector in the context of Ukraine's food security. A comparative analysisof qualitative characteristics of meat by species of animals was conducted. The efficiency ofnutria breeding by types of enterprises with a short-term forecast is analyzed. By expertevaluations determined the weight of the 5 main problems of the industry, which constitutethe next steps of a comprehensive research of nutria breeding.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Babytska o., Berbenets O., Pavlenko O., Prykhodko T., Zhmaylova O.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2019_n3_s95.pdf

Autor	Konrad Rojek
Tytuł	THE ANALYSIS OF EUROPEAN ORGANIC FARMING PRODUCTION IN 2010 - 2017
Title
Słowa kluczowe	organic farming, organic food, agricultural production
Key words
Abstrakt	The world sees one of the many agricultural production opportunities in organic farming. There are manychallenges facing ecological producers, which on the one hand affect the income sphere of farmers, becausethey concern the provision of a fair existence, and on the other, farmers and organic producers must respectlegal regulations and meet growing social expectations in the field of environmental protection and biodiversity.The aim of this article was to analyse data on organic farming production in Europe. Presented in it thenumber of organic European agricultural producers, the biggest producers, the number of organic crop area inEurope and the countries with the largest agricultural area in Europe. The article focuses on plant and animalorganic production. Animal production divided into organic production of livestock of animals and organicproduction of animal products (excluding eggs).
Abstract
Cytowanie	Rojek K.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2019_n3_s118.pdf

Autor	Marta Domagalska-Grędys
Tytuł	EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION AND EDUCATION IN COOPERATION BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS MAINTAINING CONSERVATIVE BREED ANIMALS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	cooperation goals, knowledge exchange and education, livestock conservative breeds, principal component analysis (PCA)
Key words
Abstrakt	The development by means of cooperation, an exchange of knowledge and education is of crucial importance in the contemporary knowledge-based economy. The goal of the study was to determine important goals in cooperation with regard to the scope of knowledge and education of agricultural holdings maintaining conservative breed animals in the region of fragmented agriculture (South-Eastern Poland). The studied entities contribute to an increased biodiversity and maintenance of small agricultural holdings. The conditions of cooperation basing on an exchange of knowledge and education are laid down based on the results of a questionnaire study conducted among 145 agricultural holdings and principal component analyses (PCA). The evaluation of the exchange of knowledge and education varied within the industry. The highest degree of approval for the exchange of knowledge and education was among breeders of pigs and cows, the lowest among sheep breeders. It was demonstrated that participation in fairs and trainings improved the evaluation of analysed cooperation.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Domagalska-Grędys M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s81.pdf

Autor	Ewa Bąk-Filipek
Tytuł	Changes in the EU Beef Market
Title	Changes in the EU Beef Market
Słowa kluczowe	livestock and beef, conditions, changes, beef market, European Union
Key words	livestock and beef, conditions, changes, beef market, European Union
Abstrakt	The article below discusses and compares changes in the beef market, occurring in the EU, to the global market. Global beef market is going through endless changes, although direction and rate of these changes vary depending on which region the analysis applies to. In recent years Polish beef market has been slowly becoming marginalized on the internal market, mainly because of the decreasing importance of beef consumption in the balance of meat consumption. The poultry market is becoming more and more important, both on the supply and demand sides. The study also draws attention to the fact that agricultural markets, the meat market in particular, are susceptible to the cyclical fluctuations on international markets. Because of that the EU policy, as well as the policy of a given country, play a big part to the individual agricultural markets.
Abstract	The article below discusses and compares changes in the beef market, occurring in the EU, to the global market. Global beef market is going through endless changes, although direction and rate of these changes vary depending on which region the analysis applies to. In recent years Polish beef market has been slowly becoming marginalized on the internal market, mainly because of the decreasing importance of beef consumption in the balance of meat consumption. The poultry market is becoming more and more important, both on the supply and demand sides. The study also draws attention to the fact that agricultural markets, the meat market in particular, are susceptible to the cyclical fluctuations on international markets. Because of that the EU policy, as well as the policy of a given country, play a big part to the individual agricultural markets.
Cytowanie	Bąk-Filipek E. (2018) Changes in the EU Beef Market.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 4: 102-111
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n4_s102.pdf

Autor	Anna Szumiec
Tytuł	Płatności bezpośrednie, jako forma wsparcia dochodów gospodarstw prowadzących ekologiczny chów bydła mięsnego
Title	Direct Payments as a Form of Income Support for Farms Engaged in Organic Livestock Rearing
Słowa kluczowe	gospodarstwa ekologiczne, żywiec wołowy, dochody, płatności
Key words	organic farms, beef cattle, income, payment
Abstrakt	Celem pracy była odpowiedź na pytanie, jaka jest relacja pomiędzy poziomem dopłat otrzymywanych przez gospodarstwa prowadzące ekologiczny chów bydła mięsnego a osiąganym przez nie dochodem z działalności. Badania przeprowadzono w 2014 r., i objęto nimi łącznie 30 gospodarstw, które podzielono na dwie grupy w zależności od ilości wyprodukowanego żywca. Materiał pierwotny do realizacji badań, uzyskano podczas wywiadu bezpośredniego z producentami rolnymi, wykorzystując do tego celu kwestionariusz wywiadu oraz z dokumentacji księgowo-finansowej. Zgodnie z metodyką przyjętą przez IERiGŻ obliczono kategorie dochodowe tj. dochód z działalności bez dopłat i dochód z działalności, a także opłacalność produkcji żywca oraz relację pomiędzy poziomem płatności a wysokością dochodu (%). W I grupie gospodarstw (x=22,56 dt żywca) produkcja żywca przyniosła stratę na poziomie 5 521 zł/gosp., ale dzięki subwencjom udało się osiągnąć dodatni wynik finansowy (tj. 23 576,49 zł/gosp.). Poziom dopłat był o 123,42% wyższy niż osiągane przez te podmioty dochody z produkcji wraz z dopłatami. W II grupie gospodarstw (x=51,00 dt żywca) osiągnięto dodatni wynik finansowy nawet już bez dopłat (tj. 180,18 zł/gosp.).
Abstract	The aim of the study was to answer the question of the relation between the level of subsidies received by farms conducting organic livestock rearing and their income from this activity. The study was conducted in 2014 and covered a total of 30 farms, which were divided into two groups according to the number of livestock produced. The primary material for the research was obtained during direct interview with agricultural producers, using for this purpose an interview questionnaire and accounting and financial documentation. According to the methodology adopted by IAFE, income categories were calculated, i.e. income from activity without subsidies and income from activity, as well as the profitability of livestock production and the relationship between the level of payment and the amount of income (%). In the first group of households (x = 22.56 dt livestock), the production of livestock brought a loss of 5 521 PLN/household, but thanks to the subsidies it was possible to achieve a positive financial result (23 576.49 zł/household). The level of subsidies was 123.42% higher than the income generated by these entities, together with subsidies. In the second group of households (x = 51,00 dt/ livestock), a positive financial result was achieved, even without subsidy (180.18/PLN household).
Cytowanie	Szumiec A. (2018) Płatności bezpośrednie, jako forma wsparcia dochodów gospodarstw prowadzących ekologiczny chów bydła mięsnego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 1: 287-298
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n1_s287.pdf

Autor	Roma Ryś-Jurek
Tytuł	FAMILY FARM INCOME AND THEIR PRODUCTION AND ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS ACCORDING TO THE ECONOMIC SIZE IN THE EU COUNTRIES IN 2004–2015
Title
Słowa kluczowe	economic size of farm, family farm income, production
Key words
Abstrakt	The aim of this research is to present the family farm income and production and its economic determinants according to the economic size of farms in the EU countries in 2004–2015. Research is based on European Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN), which includes information about average farms according to the economic size in the EU-28. In this article an attempt is made to use the panel models to evaluate the production and economic determinants of family farm income. The Gretl program is used to evaluate fixed effect models and random effect models. The production and economic determinants of family farm income depending on the farm’s size are indicated, such as: utilised agricultural area, crop and livestock production, net investment and cash flow and inputs.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Ryś-Jurek R.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s21.pdf

Autor	Jerzy Kopiński
Tytuł	Ocena zmian organizacyjno-produkcyjnych w polskim rolnictwie w kontekście wybranych oddziaływań środowiskowych
Title	Assessment of Organizational and Production Changes in Polish Agriculture in the Context of Selected Environmental Impacts
Słowa kluczowe	zmiany organizacyjno-produkcyjne, produkcja rolnicza, oddziaływanie środowiskowe
Key words	organizational-production changes, agricultural production, environmental impact
Abstrakt	W pracy dokonano oceny zmian organizacyjnych i produkcyjności w polskim rolnictwie w kontekście wybranych oddziaływań środowiskowych, tj. salda bilansu azotu brutto. Dla wskazania zachodzących tendencji porównywano zmiany pomiędzy okresem lat 2002-2004 a latami 2014-2016. Badania wykazały, że mimo różnokierunkowych zmian m.in. powierzchni poszczególnych roślin uprawnych i pogłowia gatunków zwierząt inwentarskich, kształtowanych głównie przez uwarunkowania ekonomiczne, presja środowiskowa ze strony prowadzonej produkcji rolniczej w Polsce uległa zmniejszeniu. Nastąpiło to, w procesie intensyfikowania produkcji rolniczej przeciętnie w skali kraju. Zjawisko to świadczy o poprawie efektywności gospodarowania azotem w Polsce.
Abstract	The paper presents the assessment of organizational and productivity changes in Polish agriculture in the context of selected environmental impacts, i.e. the gross nitrogen balance. To indicate trends, changes between research from 2002-2004 and 2014-2016 were compared. Studies have shown that despite multi-directional changes in the area of particular crop plants and livestock husbandry animals, which have been shaped mainly by economic conditions, environmental pressure from agricultural production has decreased. This occurred despite the process of intensifying average agricultural production on a national scale. This phenomenon shows the improvement of nitrogen efficiency in Poland.
Cytowanie	Kopiński J. (2018) Ocena zmian organizacyjno-produkcyjnych w polskim rolnictwie w kontekście wybranych oddziaływań środowiskowych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 4: 284-294
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n4_s284.pdf

Autor	Xesus Pereira Lopez, Magdalena Śmiglak-Krajewska, Manuel Veiga Carballido, Malgorzata Węgrzyńska
Tytuł	ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARMS IN POLAND AND SPAIN IN THE YEARS 2011–2016 BASED ON FADN STATISTICS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	common agricultural policy, economic measures, agriculture in Spain, agriculture in Poland
Key words
Abstrakt	The paper presents a comparison of the economic status of farms in two selected EU countries, Poland and Spain, in the period of 2011–2016. Both these countries were selected based on comparable qualitative and quantitative parameters characteristic of agriculture. An additional determinant for the selection of these countries was connected with the similar economic situation before and after their accession to the European Union. The economic status of these two countries was compared using the statistical data of the European Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN), the Macroeconomic Data Bank (Poland) and the Instituto Nacional de Estadistica (Spain). In turn, the economic situation of farms in Poland and Spain was assessed on the basis of selected economic measures: Gross Farm Income, Farm Net Value Added, Farm Net Value Added/AWU, Family Farm Income/FWU, Total output of crops and crop production, total crops output (ha), total output of livestock and livestock products, total livestock output (LU), Total assets, total fixes assets, Total labour input and unpaid labour input. The study was summarised with the conclusions.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Pereira Lopez X., Śmiglak-Krajewska M., Veiga Carballido M., Węgrzyńska M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s221.pdf

Autor	Adam Andrzejuk
Tytuł	Classification of Agricultural Emissions Among OECD Countries with Unsupervised Techniques
Title	Classification of Agricultural Emissions Among OECD Countries with Unsupervised Techniques
Słowa kluczowe	agricultural economics, emissions, classification, cluster analysis, k-means, hdbscan
Key words	agricultural economics, emissions, classification, cluster analysis, k-means, hdbscan
Abstrakt	Agricultural emissions represent greenhouse gas emissions from crop and livestock production. There are various estimates on agricultural emissions, however on average about 14 to 25 percent of total global emissions comes from agriculture. The main goal of this paper was to present distribution of agricultural emissions among OECD countries with the help of clustering analysis. Clustering analysis is one of the tools used in the field of exploratory data mining. Two methods were used in the analysis: K-means and HDBSCAN algorithms. Both techniques are part of unsupervised learning tasks, which group data into multiple clusters. Finally, an appraisal of obtained classifications was performed.
Abstract	Agricultural emissions represent greenhouse gas emissions from crop and livestock production. There are various estimates on agricultural emissions, however on average about 14 to 25 percent of total global emissions comes from agriculture. The main goal of this paper was to present distribution of agricultural emissions among OECD countries with the help of clustering analysis. Clustering analysis is one of the tools used in the field of exploratory data mining. Two methods were used in the analysis: K-means and HDBSCAN algorithms. Both techniques are part of unsupervised learning tasks, which group data into multiple clusters. Finally, an appraisal of obtained classifications was performed.
Cytowanie	Andrzejuk A. (2018) Classification of Agricultural Emissions Among OECD Countries with Unsupervised Techniques.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 4: 80-91
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n4_s80.pdf

Autor	Izabela Hasińska, Magdalena Kozera-Kowalska
Tytuł	Dzierżawa źródłem poprawy materialnych warunków produkcji trzody chlewnej w Polsce w kontekście doświadczeń państw UE
Title	Tenancy as a Source of Improvement the Material Conditions of Polish Pig Productionin in the Context of EU Countries’ Experiences
Słowa kluczowe	produkcja trzody chlewnej, warunki materialne produkcji, dzierżawa rolnicza
Key words	pig production, material conditions of production, agriculture tenancy
Abstrakt	Celem opracowania jest omówienie dzierżawy, jako alternatywnej drogi wykorzystania potencjału majątkowego sektora produkcji trzody chlewnej w Polsce. Tłem rozważań były zmiany zachodzące w sektorze trzodowym w okresie od 2010r. Realizując cel wykorzystano dostępne publikacje GUS, w tym dane Powszechnego Spisu Rolnego 2010, które analizowano poddając je dyskusji z opracowaniami innych autorów, w tym zagranicznych. Postawiono tezę, że zmniejszanie się stanu pogłowia i liczby utrzymujących je gospodarstw wpływa na „uwalnianie” potencjału produkcyjnego, który może zostać wykorzystany przez inne podmioty realizujące produkcję zgodną z wymaganiami środowiskowymi, dobrostanem zwierząt oraz przy akceptacji lokalnych społeczności.
Abstract	The aim of this study is to discuss tenancy as an alternative way to use the pig sector's property potential in Poland. The background The background of the considerations were changes occurring in the pig sector in the period from 2010. In order to achieve this objective, available CSO (GUS) publications, including Census General Agricultural Census 2010, were used, which were analysed by submitting discussions with the studies of other authors, including foreign ones. The thesis was also made that the decrease in both the number of livestock and the number of farms maintaining it influences the "release" of production potential, which can be used to develop production while maintaining environmental requirements, animal welfare and obtaining social acceptance.
Cytowanie	Hasińska I., Kozera-Kowalska M. (2018) Dzierżawa źródłem poprawy materialnych warunków produkcji trzody chlewnej w Polsce w kontekście doświadczeń państw UE.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 1: 121-129
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n1_s121.pdf

Autor	Vincenzo Allocca, Fulvio Celico, Elisabetta Marzano, Miriam Tramontano
Tytuł	THE GREY WATERFOOTPRINT OF CATTLE GRAZING: A CASE OF STUDY FOR ITALY
Title
Słowa kluczowe	grey water footprint, cattle grazing, microbial contaminant, karst aquifer, southern Apennines, Italy
Key words
Abstrakt	Water footprint accounting has contributed to show that livestock production, and dairy production in particular, have a non-negligible impact in terms of freshwater appropriation (Palhares and Mezzopane, 2015). In this line of research, Allocca et al (2018) have contributed to the scientific debate pointing out that livestock grazing can have a substantial effect in terms of the environment-related grey water footprint (GWFenv) originating from microbial contamination. However, cattle grazing can be a source of contamination also for chemical parameters, precisely nitrate, nitrite and ammonium. Albeit the microbial impact of cattle grazing has been documented by Allocca et al. (2018), they did not take into account possible consequences of the grazing activity in terms of chemical contamination, namely nitrates. This aspect is worth to be examined, since nitrates are important parameters to be evaluated when establishing guidelines for protecting aquatic life and/or ambient water quality for recreation use.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Allocca V., Celico F., Marzano E., Tramontano M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s98.pdf

Autor	Alesia Efremova
Tytuł	ROLE OF POULTRY INDUSTRY IN PUBLIC FOOD SUPPLY
Title
Słowa kluczowe	livestock, poultry industry, poultry meat, egg, food supplies
Key words
Abstrakt	Within the framework of implementation of overarching national tasks, special attention is paid to the food production and the matter of keeping up with the consumer demand for quality food, which is of national significance. The poultry industry is able to make its fairly considerable contribution into solving the problems of the consumer demand for valuable healthy food products; and to create conditions for the national food security owing to this industry economic growth based on its production potential development and strengthening. The domestic and foreign practice clearly demonstrates that it is possible to provide the population with quality food within a relatively short term, primarily due to the increase of egg and poultry meat production. The poultry industry is not only the most dynamic and fast-growing branch of the livestock farming, but also it has the most intensive production methods. The aim of this article is to determine the influence and the role of the poultry industry on providing the population with food supplies in present-day conditions in the world.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Efremova A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s29.pdf

Autor	Ilir Kapaj, Maksim Meco, Ilir Tomorri
Tytuł	THE FARM TYPOLOGIES AND ITS PERFORMANCE IN ALBANIA (CASE OF ELBASAN)
Title
Słowa kluczowe	Elbasani region, farm typology, farm performance
Key words
Abstrakt	The aim of this paper is to determine the farm typology in Elbasan region and orient policy maker’s agriculture support scheme. Albania is divided into 12 regions and 61 municipality. Region of Elbasan is one of the intermediate ones4 and consists of 4 districts (district of Elbasan, Gramsh, Librazhd and Peqin). Elbasan ranked third by the availability of agricultural land in the country after Fier and Korca (72,872 ha or 10.4% of the agricultural land area at country level). Despite the size of the agricultural land area, it should be considered that a good part of it lies in hilly and mountainous part especially in Librazhd and Gramsh districts. Besides construction and development services, there is observed a growing trend of agricultural activity especially in terms of olive and vegetables cultivation in open field and greenhouses. In this region operate about 32,439 farms. The average farm family size is 4.9 persons, while the national average farm size is 4.5 persons (MAFCP, 2012). The farm typology was determined using nine indicators. Based on these indicators are identified the following type of cluster/typology for Elbasani district: poly-culture for market; livestock; leisure farms; fruit trees; arable crop farm; self-sufficiency. The farm performance was determined using factors productivity which reveals that farms that belong to the poly-culture for market, livestock and self-sufficient clusters are performing better than other clusters.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Kapaj I., Meco M., Tomorri I.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s59.pdf

Autor	Agnieszka Parlińska, Maria Parlińska
Tytuł	The Crop Insurance Systems in Poland Towards the EU
Title
Słowa kluczowe	crop insurance, subsidies, risk
Key words
Abstrakt	The increasing number of unfavorable conditions of agricultural production causes the farmers to suffer severe losses in their activity. At the same time, the increase in the profitability of agricultural production, the support of numerous European Union funds, led to increased interest in insurance as an instrument supporting agricultural risk management. Hence, both the agricultural industry and the insurance industry see the need to create an effective agricultural and livestock insurance system. The paper examines the changes and scope of crop insurance in Poland towards the European Countries. There were presented issues connecting to policies, regulation and state aid rules, crop insurance level in EU countries and characteristic of the crop insurance market – case study Poland. There was used descriptive and comparative methods, as well as the selected statistical method. The analysis was performed in the years 2005-2016.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Parlińska A., Parlińska M. (2017) The Crop Insurance Systems in Poland Towards the EU.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 4: 228-235
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n4_s228.pdf

Autor	Agnieszka Gałecka
Tytuł	Typ rolniczy a efektywność gospodarstw rolniczych w Polsce
Title	Typ rolniczy a efektywność gospodarstw rolniczych w Polsce
Słowa kluczowe	gospodarstwo rolnicze, efektywność, typ rolniczy, FADN
Key words	agricultural farms, effectiveness, type of farming, FADN
Abstrakt	W artykule dokonano oceny poziomu efektywności gospodarstw rolniczych w Polsce w zależności od typu rolniczego. Analizą objęto gospodarstwa uczestniczące w polskim systemie FADN. Okres badań obejmował lata 2011– –2014. Stwierdzono, że największą efektywnością wykorzystania zasobów ziemi, pracy i kapitału charakteryzowały się gospodarstwa o typie rolniczym „zwierzęta ziarnożerne” i „krowy mleczne”, a najmniejszą gospodarstwa wyspecjalizowane w chowie zwierząt trawożernych. W badanym okresie jednolitą tendencję rosnącą wszystkich analizowanych wskaźników efektywności odnotowano w gospodarstwach nastawionych na chów zwierząt ziarnożernych.
Abstract	The article assesses the level of effectiveness of farms in Poland depending on the type of farming. The analysis included agricultural farms participating in the Polish FADN. The study period covered the years 2010–2013. It was found that the highest efficiency use of resources of land, labor and capital were characterized by farm-type agriculture “granivores” and “milk cows”, while the lowest farm specialized in the breeding of other grazing livestock. In the analyzed period a uniform upward trend all analyzed performance indicators reported in farms focused on livestock granivores.
Cytowanie	Gałecka A. (2017) Typ rolniczy a efektywność gospodarstw rolniczych w Polsce.Zarządzanie Finansami i Rachunkowość, nr 2: 17-27
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Pełny tekst	ZFIR_2017_n2_s17.pdf