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Autor	Marek Kuźmicki
Tytuł	Aspiracje zawodowe przedsiębiorców a instytucjonalno- -systemowe uwarunkowania rozwoju przedsiębiorstw turystycznych
Title	THE CAREER ASPIRATIONS OF ENTREPRENEURS AND THE INSTITUTIONAL AND SYSTEMIC DEVELOPMENT CONDITIONS OF TOURIST ENTERPRISES
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Abstract	The aim of this study is to identify factors influencing the creation and development of tourist enterprises that provide accommodation and catering services in the Lubelskie Voivodship. It has been noted that the key determinants crucial to undertake businesses among the surveyed entrepreneurs are not only the need of self-realization and independence but also a willingness to have higher wages and better living standards. The vast majority of respondents positively evaluate the possibility of development of their businesses, despite the identification of institutional and systemic barriers. The most important barriers are the current policy of the state and local governments as well as currently functioning tax system.
Cytowanie	Kuźmicki M. (2012) Aspiracje zawodowe przedsiębiorców a instytucjonalno- -systemowe uwarunkowania rozwoju przedsiębiorstw turystycznych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 95: 113-123
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2012_n95_s113.pdf

Autor	Elżbieta Badach, Monika Zioło
Tytuł	Zastosowanie metod taksonomicznych do badania poziomu życia w powiatach województwa małopolskiego
Title	Application of Taxonomic Methods in Investigations of Life Quality in Districts of Małopolskie Voivodship
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Abstract	The aim of the paper is to classify districts of Małopolskie Voivodship with respect to the quality of live of the inhabitants. In order to do this the synthetic variable was constructed with the usage of Hellwig method; the diagnostic variables constituting the basis for this construction were such as the average income in given district, the level of unemployment, average area of flat and number of beds in hospitals per 10 thousand inhabitants. The analysis was based on the GUS data from 2009. As the result of the classification four groups of districts similar with respect to the quality of life were obtained.
Cytowanie	Badach E., Zioło M. (2012) Zastosowanie metod taksonomicznych do badania poziomu życia w powiatach województwa małopolskiego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 100: 75-84
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2012_n100_s75.pdf

Autor	Natalia Maksimova
Tytuł	Tax Risks in Enterprise Activity
Title	Ryzyko podatkowe w działalności przedsiębiorstwa
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Abstrakt	W niniejszym artykule zostały omówione takie zagadnienia jak: definicja ryzyka w biznesie, istotne zagrożenia obejmujące przedsiębiorstwa, ryzyko naruszenia prawa podatkowego i ryzyko związane ze skutecznością mechanizmu podatkowego jako całości. Zostały omówione również uogólnione cechy charakterystyczne dla biznesu prowadzonego na Ukrainie. Na podstawie Ordynacji podatkowej określono także rodzaje sankcji stosowanych w przypadku popełnienia przestępstwa podatkowego.
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Cytowanie	Maksimova N. (2012) Tax Risks in Enterprise Activity.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 96: 29-39
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2012_n96_s29.pdf

Autor	Anna Kuzior
Tytuł	Odzwierciedlenie ryzyka utraty wartości aktywów w sprawozdaniu finansowym
Title	The Presentation of Risks of Impairment Losses in Financial Statement
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Abstract	The article presents problems concerning tests for impairment and impairment losses based on Polish accounting law. Impairment losses are caused by risks that the company will not obtain economic benefits from controlled assets. External and internal indications of impairment as well as the procedure of tests for impairment were described here. The values of assets which must be determined to answer the question if assets are impaired or not were depictured. Problems of differed tax assets connected with impairment losses were mentioned. Treatment and allocation of impairment losses were presented. The rules of their presentation in an income statement in a statement of changes in equity and in notes were shown.
Cytowanie	Kuzior A. (2012) Odzwierciedlenie ryzyka utraty wartości aktywów w sprawozdaniu finansowym.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 96: 143-153
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2012_n96_s143.pdf

Autor	Jarosław Mielcarek
Tytuł	Rachunek kosztów docelowych jako narzędzie analizy inwestycji w rolnictwie
Title	Agricultural Investment Analysis with Target Costing
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Abstract	The expression development for free cash flows to firm taking into account the flat-rate tax on special branches of agricultural production was necessary to use the target costing for the analysis of agricultural investment project. It made possible to present essential for this costing the appropriately changed formula for target minimum rate of return on sales therefore. The modified current unit cost for investment project was lower than the allowable cost. Discount criteria for acceptance of this project were fulfilled. The size of the safety margin and safety margin rate for current costs reached a level indicating a low risk of failure of the project.
Cytowanie	Mielcarek J. (2012) Rachunek kosztów docelowych jako narzędzie analizy inwestycji w rolnictwie.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 97: 111-125
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2012_n97_s111.pdf

Autor	Anna Czarnecka
Tytuł	Miernik incydencji podatkowej
Title	Tax Incidence Index
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Abstract	Tax incidence is a rational reaction of taxpayers to taxation. The taxpayer will attempt to shift the tax burden to other market entities. In order to analyze the degree of such shift, it is necessary to be able to measure it. This publication presents the tax incidence measure as the sum of two components: the percentage of taxation shift from the taxpayer to the recipient and the percentage of taxation shift from the taxpayer to the supplier. This index appears to be a good tool. Its advantages include an ability to measure tax incidence impacts in varying directions, the possibility to combine forward and backward incidence to show incidence against base price levels – that is the differentiation between partial, full and over incidence. The index which specifies the degree of tax incidence means it becomes an operational value, that is, it becomes measurable. We will be able to predict the effects of taxation more easily, measuring the degree of taxpayers’ reaction to taxation.
Cytowanie	Czarnecka A. (2012) Miernik incydencji podatkowej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 97: 277-286
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2012_n97_s277.pdf

Autor	Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Finansowanie rzeczowych aktywów trwałych z budżetu państwa (na przykładzie uczelni publicznych)
Title	Financing of fi xed assets from the state treasury (exemplifi ed by public institutions of higher education)
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Abstract	The aim of this paper is to find out determinants and options for purchasing fixed assets in state-operated institutions of higher education financed by the State Treasury. Based on applicable law that regulates the possibility of State Treasury’s financing of purchase or unaided production of fixed assets in public institutions of higher education, a detailed analysis was performed. An examination of the currently valid method and a procedure of fixed assets financing revealed difficulties encountered by institutions of higher education in the course of investments financed with State Treasury funds. Applicable statutory regulations concernig the limitation of financing of fixed assets with a subsidy specifically designated for the purchase or production of fixed assets contain significant complications, thus restricting operations and development of institutions of higher education. Values provided in taxation law, allowing for one-off depreciation or introducing limits for one-off depreciation are applicable to certain values, different groups of fixed assets and different businesses (that pay income tax). An institution of higher education is not a payer of income tax and as such it makes use of balance sheet regulations only (based on accounting policy), and it does not make use of tax policy. Tax reliefs do not impact on effectiveness of management of resources of an institution of higher education, and recording of one-off depreciation of fixed assets with a final value below an amount allowed for such depreciation results in the deformaion of financial result and economic/financial image of such an institution.
Cytowanie	Wasilewski M. (2011) Finansowanie rzeczowych aktywów trwałych z budżetu państwa (na przykładzie uczelni publicznych).Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 89: 5-16
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2011_n89_s5.pdf

Autor	Magdalena Mądra, Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Wybrane aspekty wprowadzenia podatku dochodowego w gospodarstwach rolniczych
Title	SELECTED ASPECTS OF INCOME TAXATION INTRODUCTION IN AGRICULTURE FARMS
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Abstract	The elaboration presents farmers opinions concerning introducing income tax in agriculture farms, level of assessment rate and the legitimacy for replacing agriculture tax by lump-sum tax. The principle benefit of introducing the income tax in agriculture is the fact that the burden from this title will appear only situation when the farm obtains income. Furthermore higher income tax will be paid by farms with higher economic power. Accepted by majority assessment tax rate is 3% or 8.5%. Taxation based on income tax rules according to tax on physical and on legal bodies did not meet the approval of farmers. In farmer’s view the lump-sum tax, replacing agriculture tax, should be diversified according to financial situation in agriculture. The established amount of these tax should concern mainly the scale and type of agriculture production as well as it’s relation to cropland area.
Cytowanie	Mądra M., Wasilewski M. (2011) Wybrane aspekty wprowadzenia podatku dochodowego w gospodarstwach rolniczych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 94: 133-147
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2011_n94_s133.pdf

Autor	Tomasz Siudek
Tytuł	Podatek bankowy – konsekwencje dla sektora bankowego w Polsce
Title	Bank levy – implications for the banking sector in Poland
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Abstract	The paper concerns with a bank levy as an instrument of state regulation aimed at increasing the stability of the financial system. The analysis shows that in the case of Poland, an introduction of the bank levy at a rate of 0.39% of total assets would cause a significant rise in the tax burden on banks. According to our simulations, if the bank levy had been applied to the banks in the period 1999–2009, the total return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) would have gone down respectively by 0.39% and 5.90%. As a result, development of the banking sector, considered as a main driver of national economy, would have been slower.
Cytowanie	Siudek T. (2011) Podatek bankowy – konsekwencje dla sektora bankowego w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 92: 63-76
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2011_n92_s63.pdf

Autor	Kinga Gruziel
Tytuł	Opodatkowanie rolnictwa w krajach Unii Europejskiej
Title	Taxation of Agriculture in the UE
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Abstract	The paper identifies the main objectives of taxation of agriculture in selected countries of the European Union. Presents selected solutions of taxation of agriculture in general and preferential terms. Taxation of income from agricultural activities is a natural direction of changes in tax systems. Tax policy in the EU, in relation to agriculture, to the extent possible effect to the principle of fair taxation. Diversifying the EU rules and tax structure allows the taxation of income from agricultural activities without compromising the ability of farm development. Special treatment of agriculture in the fiscal dimension is expressed through the tax structure elements (relief, exemptions, exclusions).
Cytowanie	Gruziel K. (2011) Opodatkowanie rolnictwa w krajach Unii Europejskiej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 94: 149-158
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2011_n94_s149.pdf

Autor	Anna Milewska
Tytuł	Podatek dochodowy z działów specjalnych w świetle obowiązujących przepisów prawnych
Title	INCOME TAX FROM SPECIAL BRANCHES IN THE EXISTING ACTS OF LAW
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Abstract	This article is devoted to the issue concerning the theoretical and practical aspects of the taxation of income from special branches of agricultural production. The article presents the basic definitions in this field as well as possibilities of income calculation and appropriate for their conduct of the taxpayer. The Author presented an analysis of the fiscal situation (the obligation to controlling the advance payment of income tax) using standard estimates of income and effects of changes in activity during the fiscal year. The results of the analysis are shown in numerical examples.
Cytowanie	Milewska A. (2011) Podatek dochodowy z działów specjalnych w świetle obowiązujących przepisów prawnych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 94: 109-116
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2011_n94_s109.pdf

Autor	Sławomir Juszczyk
Tytuł	Przegląd potencjalnych podatków i opłat nakładanych na banki w obliczu globalnego kryzysu gospodarczego
Title	Overview of potential taxes and fees imposed on banks in the face of the global economic crisis
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Abstract	This paper aims the review the proposed taxes and fees that could be imposed on banks, presentation of the classifi cation of such taxes and fees too. Apart them the paper includes the description of the objectives and the presentation of arguments for and against their introduction. There are proposals for the harmonization of taxation of banks in the European Union
Cytowanie	Juszczyk S. (2011) Przegląd potencjalnych podatków i opłat nakładanych na banki w obliczu globalnego kryzysu gospodarczego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 93: 43-56
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2011_n93_s43.pdf

Autor	Sławomir Juszczyk
Tytuł	Obciążenia fiskalne na przykładzie budżetu samorządu powiatowego
Title	FISCAL PAYMENTS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE COUNTY SELF-GOVERNMENT BUDGET
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Abstract	The paper focused on the fiscal payments of county budget in Piotrków Trybunalski. This is a case study due to the fact that this district is larger and was until 1998 the seat of the provincial government. However, the results may not be the basis for generalizations about all county self-governments. Nevertheless the results could be a basis for statement that the fiscal costs resulted from Value Added Tax (VAT) in respect of rental property. Further titles of the fiscal payments are the county government property taxes and agriculture and forestry taxes. Their level depends on the holding of the district and the applicable rates. These taxes are paid to local governments. The total fiscal payments of county self-government are relatively low and it can not be grounds to consider that as a threat of financial stability this self-government. The growing liabilities of the county self-government does not come out from the fiscal payments.
Cytowanie	Juszczyk S. (2011) Obciążenia fiskalne na przykładzie budżetu samorządu powiatowego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 94: 99-108
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2011_n94_s99.pdf

Autor	Agnieszka Ginter
Tytuł	Korzyści finansowe z tytułu podatku VAT w wybranych gospodarstwach rolnych dokonujących inwestycji
Title	Financial benefi ts of VAT on selected farms investing
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Abstract	The aim of the article was to show the financial benefits of the lump-sum tax resignation of Value Added Tax in farms, which are progressing by investment in modern agricultural equipment. Ine article was proved that polish farmers are awareness of accounting system for the value added tax. To analise the problem the experiment was carried out in sixteen farms, located on Mazovia woivodeship, in three districts, siedlecki district, sokołowski district and węgrowski district. Nine farms were taxed on bases rules and sewen were lump-sum tax payers. The data were collected
Cytowanie	Ginter A. (2011) Korzyści finansowe z tytułu podatku VAT w wybranych gospodarstwach rolnych dokonujących inwestycji.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 92: 41-50
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2011_n92_s41.pdf

Autor	Aleksandra Pisarska
Tytuł	Zakres stosowania przepisów podatkowych w szkołach wyższych w Polsce
Title	THE SCOPE OF TAX LEGISLATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION POLAND
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Abstract	The aim of this study is to establishment the obligation to apply (or exemption therefrom) legislation pertaining to taxation that is the category of economic income and economic events taking place at universities in Poland. In carrying out the tasks of public institutions of higher education depending on which sector operate and what is the source of funds managed by what the different ways of applying the principles of management. The entities are schools which, according to GUS were divided into thirteen groups. The study period covers the years 2005–2009. University’s core business is exempt from income tax, tax on goods and services, real estate tax, agricultural tax, forest tax, and tax on civil law as laid down in separate laws. The university is an autonomous entity in all areas of its activity, therefore, may also carry out economic activities organizationally and financially separate from the basic tasks listed. University autonomy is manifested in its actions in regard to freedom of teaching, research and freedom of artistic expression. Liberty University refers to a large extent accountable to the public on highly skilled workers, and to discover and promote the truth about the phenomena occurring in all areas of social and economic life. The tax exemption (in terms of income taxes) of all higher education institutions include basic tasks. Higher education institutions are also subject to the provisions of the Act on tax on goods and services (although the core of their business is exempt from the tax payers are his).
Cytowanie	Pisarska A. (2011) Zakres stosowania przepisów podatkowych w szkołach wyższych w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 94: 117-131
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2011_n94_s117.pdf

Autor	Krzysztof Prymon
Tytuł	Problemy wdrażania rachunkowości rolniczej na Dolnym Śląsku
Title	Implementation issues of agricultural accounting in Lower Silesia
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Abstract	Expressing current problems of implementing is a purpose of the article accountings in agriculture. Findings were described conducted in an individual arable farms on the Lower Silesia. Keeping the accounts in the farming can be necessary in the prospect of introducing the income tax in the agriculture. The fact that farmers don’t notice the benefi t from keeping the accounts is the most considerable problem. They think that the bookkeeping is troublesome and timeconsuming not to say unnecessary. Not noticing the benefi t from the bookkeeping concerns smallholdings mainly. Consumed in fi eld farmers aren’t often a hard work to conduct getting up of additional documentation.
Cytowanie	Prymon K. (2011) Problemy wdrażania rachunkowości rolniczej na Dolnym Śląsku.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 92: 103-114
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2011_n92_s103.pdf

Autor	Roman Kisiel, Wiesława Lizińska, Renata Marks-Bielska
Tytuł	Atrakcyjność inwestycyjna gmin i znaczenie w jej kształtowaniu preferencji specjalnej strefy ekonomicznej
Title	Investment Attractiveness Of Municipalities And Importance In Its Shaping The Preferences Of The Special Economic Zone
Słowa kluczowe	atrakcyjność inwestycyjna, rozwój lokalny, specjalna strefa ekonomiczna
Key words	investments attractiveness, local development, special economic zone
Abstrakt	W opracowaniu dokonano oceny czynników determinujących poziom atrakcyjności inwestycyjnej gmin objętych Warmińsko-Mazurską Specjalną Strefą Ekonomiczną oraz identyfikacji skutków włączenia działek inwestycyjnych do tej strefy. Badania ankietowe przeprowadzono w I półroczu 2010 r. wśród 13 z 20 gmin objętych strefą. Czynnikiem determinującym atrakcyjność inwestycyjną w opinii badanych było położenie geograficzne. W badanych gminach najczęściej wykorzystywanym instrumentem w celu podniesienia atrakcyjności inwestycyjnej była poprawa infrastruktury technicznej. Obecność w strefie nie jest traktowana jako czynnik w podstawowym stopniu determinujący atrakcyjność inwestycyjną. Główną korzyścią z posiadania terenów w strefie było pozyskanie inwestorów, których działalność prowadzi do zmniejszenia stopy bezrobocia (76,90%), a także poprawa pozycji konkurencyjnej gminy. Większość ankietowanych deklarowała zamiar dalszego stosowania zwolnień i ulg podatkowych dla inwestorów nawet po 2020 r.
Abstract	The main purpose of the study was to evaluate the factors determining the level of investment attractiveness of the municipalities covered by the Warmia-Mazury Special Economic Zone and identification of the effects of the inclusion of investment land in the composition of the zone. Surveys were conducted in the first half of 2010 among 13 of 20 municipalities covered by the zone. A factor in determining investment attractiveness of the greatest extent in the opinion of respondents was geographical location. In most surveyed municipalities (76.90%) an instrument used to enhance investment attractiveness was improvement of technical infrastructure. The presence in the zone area is not regarded by them as a primary factor in determining the degree of investment attractiveness. The main benefit (76.90%) of owning land in the zone area was attracting investors, whose activity leads to a decrease in the unemployment rate and improves the competitive position of the municipality. Most of the interviewed representatives declared an intention of further use of exemptions and tax relief for investors, even after 2020.
Cytowanie	Kisiel R., Lizińska W., Marks-Bielska R. (2011) Atrakcyjność inwestycyjna gmin i znaczenie w jej kształtowaniu preferencji specjalnej strefy ekonomicznej .Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria G, t. 98, z. 3: 191-204
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2011_n3_s191.pdf

Autor	Danuta Zawadzka
Tytuł	Znaczenie fiskalne podatku rolnego w gminach Pomorza Środkowego
Title	Fiscal importance of the agricultural tax in the municipalities of Middle Pomerania
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Abstract	The aim of this study is the evaluation the fiscal importance of agricultural tax in the municipalities of Middle Pomerania region. The evaluation was based on the analysis of the agricultural tax revenues in the municipalities of Middle Pomerania, and also on the basis of the share of these revenues in total municipalities’ revenues, the share of these revenues in municipalities own incomes, and on the evaluation of changes in the agricultural tax revenues in the years 1995–2009.
Cytowanie	Zawadzka D. (2011) Znaczenie fiskalne podatku rolnego w gminach Pomorza Środkowego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 88: 243-256
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2011_n88_s243.pdf

Autor	Magdalena Forfa
Tytuł	Podatek rolny a rozwój gospodarstw rolnych
Title	Agricultural tax and the development of farms
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Abstract	The study presents the construction of agricultural tax is anachronistic. Moreover the article presents it was not achieved the objectives of the reform of 1984. The construction of agricultural tax reduces the role of fiscal functions. Agricultural tax in relation to the revenues achieved from the farms, is much lower. The revenues of community for agricultural tax are at a very low level. It is lack of factors in the structure of agricultural tax that affect to increase the surface area of farms. Flow of workers from agriculture to other sectors of the economy is blocked not only by the taxation system, but also by an insurance scheme.
Cytowanie	Forfa M. (2011) Podatek rolny a rozwój gospodarstw rolnych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 89: 75-82
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2011_n89_s75.pdf

Autor	Magdalena Forfa
Tytuł	Obciążenia fiskalne gospodarstw rolniczych w zależności od wielkości ekonomicznej oraz typu rolniczego
Title	The level of fiscal burden in farms in relation european size unit and type of farming
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Abstract	The aim of the paper is to define the level of fiscal burden in farms in relation european size and type of farming in Mazowsze and Podlasie region, in Poland and also in selected European Union countries. The period of farm investigation covers the years 2004–2008. On the basis of conducted research has been ascertained that farms which had lower economic power (ESU), had the highest level of fiscal burden. In addition, the type of farm – “milk” paid the lowest taxes in relation to their income. Thus, the tax system favors farms, where production is highly dependent on land and high economic strength.
Cytowanie	Forfa M. (2011) Obciążenia fiskalne gospodarstw rolniczych w zależności od wielkości ekonomicznej oraz typu rolniczego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 92: 89-102
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2011_n92_s89.pdf