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Autor	Anna Rzeszutko
Tytuł	Zmiany struktury ekonomicznej gospodarstw rolnych w Polsce – ocena opóźnień w rozwoju strukturalnym
Title	The changes in the economic structure of Polish farms – estimation of the structural development gap
Słowa kluczowe	opóźnienia strukturalne, przemiany strukturalne, rolnictwo, struktura ekonomiczna, województwa, regionalna analiza strukturalna
Key words	structural development gap, structural changes, agriculture, economic structure of farms, voivodeships, regional structural analysis
Abstrakt	Celem artykułu była próba oceny opóźnień w rozwoju strukturalnym rolnictwa w Polsce w układzie regionalnym wraz z oceną procesów upodabniania się struktury ekonomicznej gospodarstw rolnych. Strukturę tę wyznaczono na podstawie wartości standardowej produkcji (SO ). Badania przeprowadzono dla okresu 2005-2013 na podstawie danych Eurostatu. Do oceny opóźnień posłużono się procedurą proponowaną przez K. Kukułę z wykorzystaniem metod statystycznej regionalnej analizy strukturalnej. Procedura ta wymagała wskazania struktury wzorcowej (województwa-wzorca), którą wyznaczono z wykorzystaniem syntetycznego miernika poziomu rozwoju Hellwiga. Przeprowadzone badania wskazują, iż największymi opóźnieniami w rozwoju strukturalnym charakteryzowały się województwa w południowo-wschodniej Polsce. Jednocześnie w województwach tych dystans strukturalny w stosunku do województwa-wzorca (woj. wielkopolskiego) zwiększył się w badanym okresie.
Abstract	The aim of the paper was to estimate the structural development gap in Polish agriculture at the regional level (provinces) and to assess the unification process of economic structure of farms. The economic structure of farms was determined on the basis of the value of Standard Output (SO). The research was conducted based on EUROSTAT data for the period 2005-2013. In order to estimate the structural development gap in agriculture the procedure proposed by Karol Kukuła was used. This procedure is based on the regional structural analysis methods and requires the indication of the exemplar structure - the standard province). The standard province was identified with the use of Hellwig synthetic measure. It was found that the biggest structural development gap of farms was observed in the southern-east region of Poland. At the same time, in provinces from this region of Poland the structural development gap compared to wielkopolskie province served as a standard province increased in the years 2005-2013.
Cytowanie	Rzeszutko A. (2017) Zmiany struktury ekonomicznej gospodarstw rolnych w Polsce – ocena opóźnień w rozwoju strukturalnym.Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 104, z. 4: 48-61
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2017_n4_s48.pdf

Autor	Ludwik Wicki
Tytuł	Changes in land use for production of energy crops in Poland
Title	Zmiany powierzchni produkcji roślin energetycznych w Polsce
Słowa kluczowe	bioenergia, bioetanol, biodiesel, biogaz, konkurencja żywność – energia
Key words	bioenergy, bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas, food–energy competition
Abstrakt	Celem opracowania jest ocena, czy w Polsce produkcja nowoczesnych biopaliw wytwarzanych z surowców rolniczych konkuruje z produkcją żywności. W pracy wykorzystano dane gromadzone przez Główny Urząd Statystyczny i Agencję Rynku Rolnego (ARR). Wykorzystano dane dotyczące powierzchni gruntów ornych w Polsce, plonów wybranych roślin, pogłowia zwierząt oraz dane o ilości i strukturze produkcji energii oraz o wielkości produkcji biogazu rolniczego, bioetanolu i biodiesla. Dane dotyczące ilości surowców zużywanych w produkcji biogazu rolniczego pozyskano z ARR. Analizą objęto lata 2005-2016. Produkcja bioenergii w oparciu o surowce pochodzenia rolniczego silnie wzrastała w analizowanym okresie, z 5 TJ w 2005 roku to 42 TJ w 2016 roku. Około 92% energii wytwarzanej z surowców rolniczych stanowi bioetanol i biodiesel, które są produkowane z surowców pierwszej generacji. Produkcja ta konkuruje więc z produkcją żywności. Biogaz stanowi tylko 8% energii produkowanej z surowców rolniczych. W produkcji biogazu surowce drugiej generacji, czyli odpady stanowiły aż 75% wsadu. Udział powierzchni gruntów ornych przeznaczanych do produkcji surowców do wytwarzania biopaliw wynosił 5,6% w 2016 roku. W 2005 roku było to 1,5%. Oznacza to, że w Polsce produkcja bioenergii z surowców rolniczych konkuruje z produkcją żywności i pasz, a dalszy jej wzrost nie jest pożądany. Niemniej, przy spadku rozmiarów produkcji zwierzęcej jest to szansa na zagospodarowanie nadwyżek ziemi i produkcji. W przyszłości powinny być podejmowane działania mające na celu zwiększenie wykorzystania surowców drugiej generacji w produkcji bioenergii, a zużycie surowców pierwszej generacji powinno być, w miarę możliwości, ograniczane.
Abstract	The goal of the article is to evaluate whether production of modern biofuels in Poland competes with food production. CSO and AMA data have been used in the analysis. The data in question refers to the area of arable land in Poland, yields and livestock as well as renewable energy production structure and quantity and production of biodiesel, bioethanol and agricultural biogas. Data concerning quantity of raw materials used for production of the agricultural biogas have been accessed from AMA . Data for 2005-2016 have been collected. Production of bioenergy based on agricultural raw materials has significantly increased. From 2005 to 2016, it increased from 5 to 42 TJ . Approximately 92% of bioenergy from agricultural sources are bioethanol and biodiesel produced from the first generation of raw materials, the production of which is in direct competition with food production. The share of biogas was 8% only. Waste constituted 75% in the raw materials used to produce biogas. The area of production of energy crops has reached 5.6% of arable land in 2016 from 1.5% in 2005. It means that in Poland production of bioenergy from agricultural sources competes with food and feed production and its further increase is not desirable. Actions focused on the increased use of the second generation raw materials for energy production and decreased use of food raw materials should be taken.
Cytowanie	Wicki L. (2017) Changes in land use for production of energy crops in Poland.Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 104, z. 4: 37-47
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2017_n4_s37.pdf

Autor	Mariola Chrzanowska, Nina Drejerska
Tytuł	Sectoral employment diversification in rural areas across Polish subregions
Title	Sektorowe zróżnicowanie zatrudnienia na obszarach wiejskich w polskich podregionach
Słowa kluczowe	zatrudnienie, obszary wiejskie, przestrzenna autokorelacja, NUTS3
Key words	employment, rural areas, spatial autocorrelation, NUTS 3
Abstrakt	Rolnictwo, leśnictwo i rybołówstwo są nadal ważnymi sektorami zatrudnienia aczkolwiek sytuacja w tym zakresie jest w Polsce zróżnicowana w poszczególnych podregionach. Celem opracowania jest identyfikacja sektorowej struktury zatrudnienia według podregionów (NUTS3). Dane uzyskane z Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego posłużyły do sprawdzenia istnienia autokorelacji przestrzennej opisanej statystykami Morana. Uzyskane rezultaty pozwoliły na identyfikację klastra subregionów w południowo-wschodniej części kraju, gdzie zatrudnienie w rolnictwie, leśnictwie i rybołówstwie jest ważną częścią rynku pracy na obszarach przeważająco wiejskich.
Abstract	Agriculture, forestry and fishing have been still a very important part of the labour market. However, the situation is diversified across Polish subregions. The objective of the study is to investigate sectoral employment diversification in rural areas across Polish subregions (NUTS 3). In order to do it, data on the subregional employment structure provided by the Central Statistical Office of Poland was used for computation of spatial autocorrelation described by Moran’s statistics. Results of this analysis display for example a cluster of subregions in south-east Poland, where employment in agriculture, forestry and fishing is a significant trend of predominantly rural subregions.
Cytowanie	Chrzanowska M., Drejerska N. (2017) Sectoral employment diversification in rural areas across Polish subregions.Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 104, z. 4: 28-36
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2017_n4_s28.pdf

Autor	Stanisław Kowalczyk
Tytuł	Wolny rynek a bezpieczeństwo żywności w epoce globalizacji
Title	FREE MARKET AND THE FOOD SAFETY IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA
Słowa kluczowe	bezpieczeństwo żywności, interwencjonizm, fałszowanie żywności, prawo żywnościowe, kontrole żywności, krótkie łańcuchy dostaw, ruchy konsumenckie
Key words	food safety, interventionism, food adulteration, food law, food controls, short supply chains, consumer movements
Abstrakt	Podjęto próbę identyfikacji potencjalnych zagrożeń bezpieczeństwa żywności wynikających z procesu globalizacji oraz bezpośrednio związanej z nią skrajnej liberalizacji stosunków gospodarczych na poziomie międzynarodowym oraz wskazanie niezbędnych działań zaradczych w zakresie ochrony statusu bezpieczeństwa żywności. Analizie poddano współczesny status bezpieczeństwa żywności oraz skalę występujących fałszerstw żywnościowych na świecie. Do działań zaradczych zaliczono ustanowienie globalnego prawa żywnościowego, podejmowanie inicjatyw kontrolnych żywności na szczeblu ponadkrajowym, promocję krótkich łańcuchów dostaw, wreszcie edukację konsumentów i wzmocnienie ruchów konsumenckich.
Abstract	The study attempts to identify potential threats to food safety resulting from the globalization process and the directly related extreme liberalization of economic relations at the international level as well as indication of the necessary remedial actions in the field of food safety protection. The analysis covered the contemporary status of food safety and the scale of occurring food fraud in the world. The remedial actions include the establishment of a global food law, undertaking food control initiatives at the supranational level, the promotion of short supply chains, and finally the consumer education and strengthening of consumer movements.
Cytowanie	Kowalczyk S. (2017) Wolny rynek a bezpieczeństwo żywności w epoce globalizacji.Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 104, z. 4: 15-27
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2017_n4_s15.pdf

Autor	Justyna Franc-Dąbrowska
Tytuł	Financialization of economy, taking into account agribusiness
Title	Finansowanie gospodarki z uwzględnieniem agrobiznesu
Słowa kluczowe	ufinansowienie, agrobiznes
Key words	financialization, agribusiness
Abstrakt	Ufinansowienie gospodarki dokonuje się. Wydaje się, że wraz z postępem w tempie obiegu informacji, powstawania nowych instrumentów finansowych i poszukiwania nowych form tworzenia wartości jest to proces nieodwracalny. Finansjalizacja dotyczy także sfery agrobiznesu. Specyficzne cechy sektora rolnego, a szczególnie czynnika produkcji jakim jest ziemia, spowodowały zainteresowanie inwestorów skierowaniem wolnych środków pieniężnych do tego sektora. Cechą charakterystyczną ufinansowienia agrobiznesu jest zakup ziemi, która pozwala na ograniczenie ryzyka inwestycyjnego, jednocześnie stanowiąc zabezpieczenie przed inflacją. Z badań wynika, że ufinansowienie w agrobiznesie dokonuje się nie tylko za sprawą angażowania środków pieniężnych inwestorów spoza tego sektora, ale także częściowo samych rolników.
Abstract	Financialization of economy is taking place. It seems that along with the progressing rate of information flow, emergence of new financial instruments and searching for new forms of creating value, this process is irreversible. Financialization is also applicable to the field of agribusiness. The specific traits of the agricultural sector - in particular, one of its production factors, that is, land - have resulted in growing interest of investors in directing uncommitted cash to this sector. A typical trait of financialization of agribusiness is purchase of land, which allows for reduction of investment risk, at the same time offering security against inflation. Research shows that financialization in agribusiness results not only from commitment.
Cytowanie	Franc-Dąbrowska J. (2017) Financialization of economy, taking into account agribusiness.Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 104, z. 4: 7-14
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2017_n4_s7.pdf

Autor	Monika Zielińska-Sitkiewicz
Tytuł	THE IMPACT OF NORMALIZATION PROCEDURES ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDING MATERIALS COMPANIES LISTED ON THE WARSAW STOCK EXCHANGE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	normalizacja zmiennych, taksonomiczne mierniki, TMAI, przemysł materiałów budowlanych
Key words	the data normalization, taxonomic measure, TMAI, building materials companies
Abstrakt	Jednym z etapów wielowymiarowej analizy porównawczej obiektów jest wybór procedury normalizacji zmiennych. W literaturze prezentowanych jest wiele metod transformacji normalizacyjnej. Wybór jednej z nich jest jednym z najważniejszych etapów badania, bowiem może mieć znaczny wpływ na wynik analizy. W artykule wykorzystano i porównano trzy procedury normalizacji zmiennych przy budowie rankingów w oparciu o TMAI dla 15 spółek przemysłu materiałów budowlanych notowanych na Warszawskiej Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych dla lat 2013 i 2014. Przeprowadzone badania wskazują, że stosowanie różnych wzorców normalizacji zmiennych może powodować zmianę wyników klasyfikacji firm, która nie wynika ani ze zmiany struktury danych finansowych, ani z poprawy efektywności ich działania.
Abstract	One of the stages of the comparative analysis of multivariate objects is the data normalization. There are many procedures of the normalization of the variables described in the literature. The choice of the normalization method is one of the most crucial steps for the researchers as it has a profound effect on the results of the analysis. The main goal of the present study is to examine the sensitivity of the result of linear ordering of objects, using three selected normalization methods, in calculating a synthetic taxonomic measure TMAI to create ratings of 15 building materials companies, listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The study was made for the years 2013 and 2014. The conducted study shows that the use of different normalization formulas of variables can cause the change of the results of the companies classification, which does not result neither from the data structure change nor the effectiveness modification of their operations.
Cytowanie	Zielińska-Sitkiewicz M. (2017) THE IMPACT OF NORMALIZATION PROCEDURES ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDING MATERIALS COMPANIES LISTED ON THE WARSAW STOCK EXCHANGE.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 18(67): 272-281
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2017_n67_s272.pdf

Autor	Katarzyna Łukasiewicz
Tytuł	Perspectives of Agritourism Development in Poland, Belarus and Ukraine
Title
Słowa kluczowe	agritourism, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, perspective, SWOT analysis
Key words
Abstrakt	Agritourism is a form of leisure, which is increasingly popular. The aim of the article is to present perspectives on the development of agritourism in three countries: Poland, Belarus and Ukraine. The analysis was based on statistical data and the author's own observations. The article also includes a SWOT analysis. The analysis, own observations and observations indicate that in all three countries agritourism has a chance for development. The analysed countries differ in their tourist potential, infrastructure, landscape values, monuments, but one thing they do - tourists want to visit them.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Łukasiewicz K. (2017) Perspectives of Agritourism Development in Poland, Belarus and Ukraine.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 4: 210-217
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n4_s210.pdf

Autor	Ewa Wasilewska
Tytuł	Demographical Ageing of the EU Member States’ Societies
Title
Słowa kluczowe	population ageing, demographical ageing, measures of demographical senility, European Union Member States
Key words
Abstrakt	A spatial differentiation of the level of demographical senility was illustrated in the study, along with determination of dynamics of the European Union Member States ageing process (EU 27). The research period included years 1996-2016. The measures of demographical senility were used in the static and dynamical aspect. Country grouping due to the level of demographical senility advancement was performed based on statistical measures. A significant differentiation of the demographical senility level and population ageing process in the spatial system were found. The highest degree of demographical senility advancement was observed in the countries of “the old” Union but the greatest dynamics of this process was shown in the case of new Member States, including Poland and Baltic States.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Wasilewska E. (2017) Demographical Ageing of the EU Member States’ Societies.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 4: 302-315
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n4_s302.pdf

Autor	Joanna Smoluk-Sikorska
Tytuł	Distribution of Organic Food in Poland
Title
Słowa kluczowe	organic food, distribution, retail, product range, supply sources, price level, Poland
Key words
Abstrakt	Distribution of organic food in Poland has a number of weaknesses resulting from low and irregular supply as well as dispersion of producers and intermediaries. The paper presents the outcomes of research carried out in 2012 in three types of retail outlets offering organic food, i.e. specialist shops, groceries and retail networks. The investigation was conducted in the form of in-depth interviews using a standardised questionnaire. As the research shows, only in specialist stores does the product range satisfy consumer needs, whereas in the other outlets it is limited generally to processed products. Wholesalers, organic farms and brokers are the main providers of the surveyed retail outlets; nevertheless, specialist shops use the services of more providers than the other types of outlets. Low supply of organic food results in high retail prices. Specialist shops and groceries apply margins up to 40% on average, while retail networks have margins up to 20%.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Smoluk-Sikorska J. (2017) Distribution of Organic Food in Poland.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 4: 292-301
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n4_s292.pdf

Autor	Filip Kłobukowski, Magdalena Skotnicka, Maria Śmiechowska
Tytuł	Prospects for Development of Highly Satiating Foods in Poland
Title
Słowa kluczowe	functional food, highly satiating food, obesity, Poland
Key words
Abstrakt	The high level of competition between food products on the market has encouraged the development of various types of functional foods. Consumer demands and requirements for both medicinal and healthy products has caused food manufacturers to widen their product offerings. The objective of this study was to present the legal status of functional food production and sales, as well as analyse the possibilities of developing customized foods, in particular, highly satiating foods. In this time of obesity epidemic, the use of specifically designed food products which suppress hunger and give the feeling of satiety could be an effective tool in preventing obesity and controlling body mass. There is an optimistic prognoses that this type of food will be introduced on the Polish market.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Kłobukowski F., Skotnicka M., Śmiechowska M. (2017) Prospects for Development of Highly Satiating Foods in Poland.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 4: 280-291
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n4_s280.pdf

Autor	Anna Rytko
Tytuł	The Economic Development in the Context of the Development of Foreign Trade in Poland – a Comparison to some EU Countries
Title
Słowa kluczowe	economic growth, export diversification, export competitiveness, comparative advantage
Key words
Abstrakt	The themes of the impact of foreign trade on economic growth has been repeatedly assumed by investigators and were most often related to various aspects: the openness of the economies, economic prosperity, competitiveness and diversification of export. The objective of the research was the evaluation of changes in economic development and the development of foreign trade in Poland comparing them with the EU and some EU countries. Particular attention was given to the issue of diversification and competitiveness of exports by putting the hypothesis that the greater product diversification of Polish export, the greater its competitiveness, which leads to economic growth. The work uses the following test methods: descriptive methods, statistical methods, the indexing methods of which Indicator of the Absolute Deviations and Revealed Comparative Advantages were calculated. Export diversification can lead to speeding up the pace of economic growth. By analyzing in detail the situations in Poland can conclude that it is advisable to diversify of the export structure.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Rytko A. (2017) The Economic Development in the Context of the Development of Foreign Trade in Poland – a Comparison to some EU Countries.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 4: 271-279
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n4_s271.pdf

Autor	Piotr Pomichowski
Tytuł	Comparison of Poland's Agrarian Structure with other EU Countries Using Cluster Analysis
Title
Słowa kluczowe	agricultural holdings problems, farm fragmentation, agrarian structure, cluster analysis
Key words
Abstrakt	The analysis of agrarian structure of agricultural holdings in Poland was carried out in comparison with other EU countries. The study was conducted on the 2005 and 2013 data derived from Eurostat databases by means of cluster analysis. The results of the analysis confirmed the hypothesis of improvement of the agrarian structure of agricultural holdings in Poland vis-a-vis other EU countries. An increase in the average farm size was observed with a decrease in the number of entities.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Pomichowski P. (2017) Comparison of Poland's Agrarian Structure with other EU Countries Using Cluster Analysis.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 4: 263-270
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n4_s263.pdf

Autor	Jacek Pera
Tytuł	Linear and Non-linear Relationships Between Shares of the Agri-food Industries of the Warsaw Stock Exchange. Risk Aspect
Title
Słowa kluczowe	shares, risk, causal linear relationship, non- causal linear relationship, agri-food industry
Key words
Abstrakt	Despite a wide range of research on the agricultural market conducted so far, relatively little attention has been devoted to a comprehensive analysis of linear and non-linear causality in relation to the entire agri-food sector in Poland, in the context of risk. The objective of this study is therefore to analyze the linear and non-linear relationships between shares of WSE's agri-food industry sectors in terms of risk. The study covered three sectors of agri-food sector currently existing on the WSE (29 listed companies): Foods (21 listed companies), Agricultural Production and Fisheries (5 listed companies) and Food and Foodstuffs and fast-trafficking foodstuffs (3 listed companies). The existence of linear relationships was verified using the test procedure proposed by Hong, Liu, Wang and Łęt, while non-linear relationships were verified using the Diks-Panchenko, Orzeszko and Osińska tests’s. The study was carried out on the basis of data from companies of the agri-food industry listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange in the period from 1 May 2010 to 1 May 2017. The chosen research methodology was dictated by the correlation with investment risk on the WSE. The strongest and most enduring dependencies have been found in the agricultural and fisheries sectors. In the foodstuff sector and the fast-marketable sector, the risk of investment in the listed companies was temporary.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Pera J. (2017) Linear and Non-linear Relationships Between Shares of the Agri-food Industries of the Warsaw Stock Exchange. Risk Aspect.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 4: 249-262
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n4_s249.pdf

Autor	Karolina Pawlak
Tytuł	Importance and Comparative Advantages of the EU and US Agri-food Sector in World Trade in 1995-2015
Title
Słowa kluczowe	international competitiveness, comparative advantages, export specialisation, agri-food products, world trade, the EU, the US
Key words
Abstrakt	The aim of the paper was to examine the evolution of the importance and comparative advantages of the EU and US agri-food sector in world trade in 1995-2015. The research is based on data from UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) resources. The following indicators were used in the comparative advantage analysis: Balassa’s Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Vollrath’s Revealed Competitiveness (RC), the Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), and the Lafay’s Trade Balance Index (TBI). In 1995-2015, the EU countries and the US were the largest players of world trade in agri-food products. The EU countries held comparative advantages in the global market as regards exports of products of animal origin whereas the exports of cereals, preparations of cereals, oilseeds and oleaginous fruits and meat products were the source of revealed comparative advantages for the US. Both the EU countries and the US reached high comparative advantages in trade in those assortment groups which corresponded to their highest shares in global exports and generated a high, consistently increasing positive trade balance. Therefore, their comparative advantages were the source of their favourable export specialisation profile, which is consistent with the classical comparative costs principle.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Pawlak K. (2017) Importance and Comparative Advantages of the EU and US Agri-food Sector in World Trade in 1995-2015 .Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 4: 236-248
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n4_s236.pdf

Autor	Agnieszka Parlińska, Maria Parlińska
Tytuł	The Crop Insurance Systems in Poland Towards the EU
Title
Słowa kluczowe	crop insurance, subsidies, risk
Key words
Abstrakt	The increasing number of unfavorable conditions of agricultural production causes the farmers to suffer severe losses in their activity. At the same time, the increase in the profitability of agricultural production, the support of numerous European Union funds, led to increased interest in insurance as an instrument supporting agricultural risk management. Hence, both the agricultural industry and the insurance industry see the need to create an effective agricultural and livestock insurance system. The paper examines the changes and scope of crop insurance in Poland towards the European Countries. There were presented issues connecting to policies, regulation and state aid rules, crop insurance level in EU countries and characteristic of the crop insurance market – case study Poland. There was used descriptive and comparative methods, as well as the selected statistical method. The analysis was performed in the years 2005-2016.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Parlińska A., Parlińska M. (2017) The Crop Insurance Systems in Poland Towards the EU.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 4: 228-235
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n4_s228.pdf

Autor	Małgorzata Matyja
Tytuł	A Comparative Study of Profitability of Agricultural Cooperatives in Poland and Around the World
Title
Słowa kluczowe	agricultural cooperatives, profitability, analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test, Poland
Key words
Abstrakt	The differences in perception and functioning of agricultural cooperatives in different parts of the world are visible to the naked eye. Moreover, the literature brings different findings in respect to comparisons between cooperatives and non-cooperatives in terms of profitability. The purpose of this article was to identify the differences in profitability between agricultural cooperatives in selected parts of the world as well as between cooperatives and other enterprises in Polish agriculture. The description of results of the world report on cooperatives and analysis of variance on 300 agricultural enterprises in Poland were used in order to accomplish the above purpose. The main findings prove that American agricultural cooperatives achieved the best profitability results and that cooperatives have lower profitability than other enterprises in agriculture.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Matyja M. (2017) A Comparative Study of Profitability of Agricultural Cooperatives in Poland and Around the World.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 4: 218-227
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n4_s218.pdf

Autor	Ludwik Wicki
Tytuł	Poziom i zakres wsparcia upowszechniania postępu biologicznego w produkcji roślinnej w ramach działań Agencji Rynku Rolnego
Title	THE LEVEL AND SCOPE OF SUPPORT OF BIOLOGICAL PROGRESS DISSEMINATION IN CROP PRODUCTION IN POLAND WITHIN THE MEASURES OF AGRICULTURAL MARKET AGENCY
Słowa kluczowe	nasiona kwalifikowane, postęp biologiczny, pomoc de minimis, upowszechnianie postępu, wsparcie rolnictwa
Key words	biological progress, certified seeds, de minimis aid, progress dissemination, support of agriculture
Abstrakt	Wzrost produktywności roślin jest uzyskiwany głównie poprzez postęp w hodowli odmian. Z tego powodu wykorzystanie nasion kwalifikowanych w produkcji jest bardzo ważne, a realizowany program ma doprowadzić wyższego poziomu zużycia nasion kwalifikowanych. Celem opracowania jest ocena poziomu i zakresu wsparcia upowszechniania kwalifikowanego materiału siewnego w Polsce w ramach działania Agencji Rynku Rolnego oraz określenie przestrzennego jego zróżnicowania. Analizą objęto cały okres realizacji działania, czyli lata 2007-2016. Stwierdzono, że wsparcie do obejmowało prawie całą podaż kwalifikowanego ziarna zbóż oraz sadzeniaków ziemniaka w Polsce i dotyczyło około ponad 1 mln ha rocznie, w tym średnio 14% powierzchni zasiewów zbóż i 10% powierzchni produkcji ziemniaków. Korzystanie z programu było silnie zróżnicowane regionalnie. W regionach o wyższym poziomie rozwoju rolnictwa objęto nim ponad 10% gospodarstw i 20% powierzchni zasiewów. W regionach ze słabym i rozdrobnionym rolnictwem było to tylko 1% gospodarstw i około 4% powierzchni zasiewów. Zainteresowanie wdrażaniem postępu biologicznego w warunkach rozdrobnionego rolnictwa utrzymuje się na niskim poziomie, a oferowane wsparcie nie było skuteczne.
Abstract	It is generally accepted that the increase in plant productivity is mainly achieved through the varietal progress. For this reason, the use of certified seed is very important, and the program is expected to lead to a higher level of use of certified seeds in Polish agriculture. The aim of the study is to evaluate the level and scope of support for the dissemination of certified seed use in Poland within the measure of Agricultural Market Agency and to define its spatial differentiation. The analysis covered years 2007-2016, i.e. whole period of this measure realization. It was found that support was indirectly provided for the whole sale of certified seed in Poland and covered around 1 million ha per year. It covered 14% of cereal production area and 1% of potato production area. The use of the program was strongly differentiated regionally. In regions with a high level of agriculture, more than 10% of farmers applied for support under the program and over 20% of the production area were supported. In regions with fragmented agriculture, it was only 1% of farmers and about 4% of sown area. Interest of the biological progress implementation in the conditions of fragmented agriculture was low and the support offered has not been effective for small farms.
Cytowanie	Wicki L. (2017) Poziom i zakres wsparcia upowszechniania postępu biologicznego w produkcji roślinnej w ramach działań Agencji Rynku Rolnego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 18(67): 259-271
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2017_n67_s259.pdf

Autor	Maurycy Graszewicz, Justyna Łapińska, Ewa Zdunek-Rosa
Tytuł	Poland's Competitive Position in Trade in Agri-Food Products with the United Kingdom – Selected Aspects
Title
Słowa kluczowe	competitive position, agri-food products, foreign trade
Key words
Abstrakt	Thirteen years have passed since Poland's accession to the European Union. This is a period long enough to make some generalisations over the accession results. This paper focuses on assessing the competitive position of Poland in trade in agri-food products with one of its most important trading partners – the United Kingdom. For this purpose, quantitative indexes of competitive positioning were used, in particular, the trade coverage ratio as well as the revealed comparative advantage indexes – RCAi and LFIi. The conducted analyses show that Poland's competitive position in agri-food trade with the United Kingdom improved markedly over the period considered. The dynamic growth in trade, especially in exports, a significant increase in the trade balance surplus, and generally favourable comparative advantage indexes for Poland show that the period of EU membership has been well utilised by Polish food producers. Polish food is increasingly eagerly bought by demanding British consumers.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Graszewicz M., Łapińska J., Zdunek-Rosa E. (2017) Poland's Competitive Position in Trade in Agri-Food Products with the United Kingdom – Selected Aspects.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 4: 199-209
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n4_s199.pdf

Autor	Julian Krzyżanowski
Tytuł	The Standard Model of Trade and the Marshall – Lerner Condition
Title
Słowa kluczowe	standard trade model, Marshall-Lerner condition, revaluation, elasticities, balance of trade
Key words
Abstrakt	There are similarities between standard trade model and Marshall-Lerner condition. However, in order to see whether the condition can work both ways (with decrease and increase of the currency exchange rate), and the properties of this model could be thoroughly utilized, the revaluation case is being considered. The J-curve effect is also being examined. Looking at further research ideas, the Marshall–Lerner condition could be a complimentary tool in explaining the standard model.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Krzyżanowski J. (2017) The Standard Model of Trade and the Marshall – Lerner Condition.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 4: 193-198
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n4_s193.pdf

Autor	Łukasz Kryszak, Jakub Staniszewski
Tytuł	The Elasticity of Agricultural Income in the EU Member States Under Different Cost Structures
Title
Słowa kluczowe	agricultural income, cost structure, European Union, income elasticity
Key words
Abstrakt	The aim of this paper was to determine whether the EU countries which vary in terms of their cost structure in agriculture, differ also with regard to the influence of capital-labour ratio and land supply per worker on labour profitability. It was assumed that data concerning the presence and character of those differences can contribute to better understanding of the nature of agricultural development in the EU countries. The main sources of data used in this paper were the Economic Accounts for Agriculture (Eurostat) and the FAOStat database. The study covered the period of 2004-2014. In the article it was shown that agriculture in the EU countries is varied in terms of cost structure, and in the cluster II, including mostly the countries of the so-called “new” EU, intermediate consumption is of relatively larger significance for their cost structure. In the countries of the “old” EU an important role is played by the depreciation of buildings and external services. Stronger influence of capital-labour ratio on the payment to the factor of labour was observed in the cluster II countries. In those countries, increasing capital expenditures was a more efficient strategy to increase income.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Kryszak Ł., Staniszewski J. (2017) The Elasticity of Agricultural Income in the EU Member States Under Different Cost Structures.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 4: 182-192
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n4_s182.pdf