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Autor	Marcin Bukowski
Tytuł	The small hydroelectric power stations as an element of the multifunctional development of rural areas
Title	The small hydroelectric power stations as an element of the multifunctional development of rural areas
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	alternative source of energy, economic efficiency, electric power, small hydroelectric power stations
Abstrakt
Abstract	Poland’s accession to the EU has caused a necessity of harmonising Polish with the union law also in the field of energy law. It also enforces achievement of 7,5% share of energy from alternative sources in the total energy consumption in 2010. Execution of this international commitment will require more economic and legal support from the state. The development of alternative sources of energy creates chances of development of rural areas where these kinds of installations are being mostly located. This article presents an analysis of the economic efficiency of energy production on an example of 5 small hydroelectric power stations. The analysis is based on a comparison of full unit costs and unit revenue from energy sale. Bigger stations proved economically efficient while for the smaller the break even point is associated with an average water flow of 153 million m3/year
Cytowanie	Bukowski M. (2007) .Scientific Journal Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW - Problems of World Agriculture, t. 1(16), z. : 16-25
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2007_T1(16)_n_s16.pdf

Autor	Matilde Cassin, Maria Zolin
Tytuł	Productive needs and demand for protection: the complex issue of vulnerable areas
Title	Productive needs and demand for protection: the complex issue of vulnerable areas
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	water resources, nitrate directive, vulnerable areas
Abstrakt
Abstract	This paper aims to analyse, at a European level, the extent to which dispositions contained in Council Directive 91/676/CEE have been applied. The Directive aims to decrease water pollution directly or indirectly caused by nitrates from agricultural sources, and to prevent other similar pollution. The analysis considers the main pressure factors within the Member States, the state of their implementation at a European level and also puts forward suggestions which bear in mind the fact that Europe cannot give up its agricultural sector and that water is a limited resource which is necessary for human survival
Cytowanie	Cassin M., Zolin M. (2007) .Scientific Journal Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW - Problems of World Agriculture, t. 1(16), z. : 26-33
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2007_T1(16)_n_s26.pdf

Autor	Vladimir Golovkov, D.V. Primschitz
Tytuł	Depreciation constituent of the investment system in the Republic of Belarus1
Title	Depreciation constituent of the investment system in the Republic of Belarus1
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	depreciation, depreciation costs, depreciation policy, depreciation concept
Abstrakt
Abstract	The article is devoted to the processes of the depreciation charges and its usage in enterprises, the present day complexity and the necessity of forming a realistic macro level depreciation concept. Some aspects of forming depreciation policy of an enterprise and its influence on the economic and financial activities of an enterprise as well as the primary features of the naturalistic concept and the international experience of the depreciation charges policy are examined in the article
Cytowanie	Golovkov V., Primschitz D. (2007) .Scientific Journal Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW - Problems of World Agriculture, t. 1(16), z. : 34-37
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2007_T1(16)_n_s34.pdf

Autor	Ewa Halicka, Krystyna Rejman
Tytuł	Fruit and vegetable promotion programs in the European Union
Title	Fruit and vegetable promotion programs in the European Union
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	fruit and vegetable market, consumption, promotion, 5 a day
Abstrakt
Abstract	Promoting fruit and vegetable consumption is one of the main objectives of food and nutrition policy interventions worldwide. Public institutions, non-governmental organizations, research and health agencies together with market stakeholders undertake integrated initiatives to inform consumers about the health benefits of everyday fruit and vegetable intake. In the European Union several campaigns aimed at increasing produce demand have been launched in the nineties to improve the dietary patterns of the general population or specific consumer groups, such as children. However statistics show that fruit and vegetable intake in most EU states including new members is much below the recommended level. School-aged children, women and employees are currently the main target groups of “5 a day’ information and promotion activities aimed at increasing f&v consumption. In order to secure long-term effectiveness of such programs the main determinants of consumer choice in the food market should be monitored. Broad public-private partnerships, including producers and distributors seem to be the key to strengthening the efforts at “pushing’ market demand. Some of the campaigns developed and implemented in the European Union countries can be described as “5 a day’ best practices. The involvement of fruit and vegetable chain participants, cooperation and evaluation of undertaken interventions are further needed in order for the programs to become more efficient and widespread.
Cytowanie	Halicka E., Rejman K. (2007) .Scientific Journal Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW - Problems of World Agriculture, t. 1(16), z. : 38-45
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2007_T1(16)_n_s38.pdf

Autor	Iwona Kowalska
Tytuł	Financing of distance learning in rural areas by the European Social Fund
Title	Financing of distance learning in rural areas by the European Social Fund
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	structural funds, lifelong learning, rural areas
Abstrakt
Abstract	The paper is an attempt at evaluating the degree of accuracy of realization of the project: distance learning centres in rural areas financed from the European Social Fund in the frame of the priority II: Development of knowledge-based society, action 2.1.: Broadening the access to education – promotion of lifelong learning, scheme a: decreasing educational inequalities between urban and rural areas. The aims of the project in question include: 1. Creation and equipment with computers and internet connection, of at least 250 distance learning centres in rural areas (in order to enable the final beneficiaries to use the available distance learning programs) 2. Employment in the centres of qualified staff whose task would be to help using the centre’s resources. 3. Creation by the draughtsman, of a countrywide network of distance learning centres using the existing IT infrastructure with units running distance learning. 4. Enabling the final beneficiaries to complement or increase the level of education in the form of distance learning especially at the post-gymnasium level.
Cytowanie	Kowalska I. (2007) .Scientific Journal Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW - Problems of World Agriculture, t. 1(16), z. : 46-52
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2007_T1(16)_n_s46.pdf

Autor	Henryk Manteuffel-Szoege
Tytuł	Comparing development sustainability in Belarus, Poland and Ukraine with special respect to rural areas
Title	Comparing development sustainability in Belarus, Poland and Ukraine with special respect to rural areas
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	Environmental Sustainability Index, Belarus, Poland, Ukraine
Abstrakt
Abstract	A comparison of environmental sustainability in Belarus, Poland and Ukraine using the Environmental Sustainability Index calculated by the Centre for Environmental Law and Policy of Yale University shows a significant advantage of Belarus over Poland and Ukraine while a slight advantage of Poland over Ukraine. Belarus with ESI score of 52.8 points ranked 47, Ukraine with 44.7 points ranked 108 while Poland with 45.0 points ranked 102 among the 146 classified countries of the world. The state of natural environment in Belarus and Ukraine seems to be much better, while Poland has a distictive advantage with respect to the institutional issues in environmental management. All three countries have roughly similar impact on global environment, of a predominantly negative nature, with Belarus qualifying somewhat better in this respect.
Cytowanie	Manteuffel-Szoege H. (2007) .Scientific Journal Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW - Problems of World Agriculture, t. 1(16), z. : 53-62
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2007_T1(16)_n_s53.pdf

Autor	Maria Pestis, Paul Pestis, Alona Rudenko, Dmitry Rudenko
Tytuł	Problems of Meat Products Trading Between Poland and Belarus
Title	Problems of Meat Products Trading Between Poland and Belarus
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	meat, production, meat products, stockbreeding, export, import, trading, Belarus, Poland, Russia
Abstrakt
Abstract	In the article the state of foreign trade in meat products between Belarus and Poland is analyzed. Our countries for long years have been partners in this trade, first of all in pork products. However since March 2007 Belarus has ceased import purchases of Polish meat. In the article problems which have arisen recently are studied. Also the analysis conducted in this article discovers the reasons of the problems and ways of their solution are offered
Cytowanie	Pestis M., Pestis P., Rudenko A., Rudenko D. (2007) .Scientific Journal Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW - Problems of World Agriculture, t. 1(16), z. : 63-68
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2007_T1(16)_n_s63.pdf

Autor	Tomasz Siudek
Tytuł	Impact of agricultural development on economic and financial situation of cooperative banks in Poland
Title	Impact of agricultural development on economic and financial situation of cooperative banks in Poland
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	cooperative banks, agriculture, regional development, economic and financial situation, aggregate indicator
Abstrakt
Abstract	The paper examines the impact of development of agricultural sector on performance of the cooperative banks in Poland in years 1997-2004. The levels of the agricultural development and the economic/financial situation of the banks were assessed by using country-level and regional-level aggregate indicators based on the factor analysis. The research results show that the type of region (i.e. voivodeship and macro-region) has a statistically significant impact both on the aggregate indicator of agricultural development and the aggregate indicator of banks’ performance. As for the relationship between the agricultural development level and the economic/financial situation of banks, statistically significant correlations were found only for four out of sixteen voivodeships.
Cytowanie	Siudek T. (2007) .Scientific Journal Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW - Problems of World Agriculture, t. 1(16), z. : 69-79
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2007_T1(16)_n_s69.pdf

Autor	Anna Sytchevnik
Tytuł	The innovation resources of enterprises in the dairy sector in Belarus
Title	The innovation resources of enterprises in the dairy sector in Belarus
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	innovations, dairy sector, agriculture
Abstrakt
Abstract	The modern stage of development of Byelorussian economy demands search of new solutions to old problems, especially with respect to agriculture. Despite of external well-being and measures taken for development of agriculture, the majority of enterprises can not effectively go on with production on their own. In many branches of production the state subsidies are granted. Various sorts of state grants If to consider structure of profit of the agricultural organizations its greater part represents a. In article are considered problems of innovative development of agriculture of Belarus, in particular the enterprises of dairy sector
Cytowanie	Sytchevnik A. (2007) .Scientific Journal Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW - Problems of World Agriculture, t. 1(16), z. : 88-95
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2007_T1(16)_n_s88.pdf

Autor	Katsiaryna Tachytskaya
Tytuł	Unemployment and its problems in the Grodno Region
Title	Unemployment and its problems in the Grodno Region
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	unemployment, employment
Abstrakt
Abstract	Article is devoted to studying of unemployment as a negative social and economic phenomenon in the life of a society. As the growth of the given parameter conducts to the shortage of produce. The structure of the unemployed according to the sex both in Grodno region, and across Belarus specifies prevalence of ‘female’ unemployment. A problem there is employment of youth. The disturbing tendency is traced at studying the structure of the age of the unemployed: the greatest share of the unemployed falls at the most productive age of 20-29 and 30-49 years. In the small regional centers the rate of unemployment is higher than in the large cities. This is connected with an absence of workplaces, backwardness of the real sector of economy, a weak level of development of social services. Therefore the state policy of employment aspires to provide equal opportunities to all physically fit citizens of Belarus, gives social guarantees and indemnifications to the unemployed, etc.
Cytowanie	Tachytskaya K. (2007) .Scientific Journal Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW - Problems of World Agriculture, t. 1(16), z. : 96-100
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2007_T1(16)_n_s96.pdf

Autor	Dorota Klepacka-Kołodziejska
Tytuł	Zasoby oraz sytuacja ekonomiczna gospodarstw położonych na obszarach o niekorzystnych warunkach gospodarowania w Polsce w świetle wyników FADN
Title	Resources and economic situation polish farms on less favored areas of FADN system
Słowa kluczowe	Unia Europejska, rozwój obszarów wiejskich, Wspólna Polityka Rolna, obszary o niekorzystnych warunkach gospodarowania, FADN
Key words	The European Union, rural areas development, Common Agricultural Policy, less favoured areas, FADN
Abstrakt	W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań przeprowadzonych w gospodarstwach z bazy FADN w roku 2005 w podziale na wydzielone grupy obszarów o niekorzystnych warunkach gospodarowania (ONW). Uwzględniono potencjał ekonomiczny gospodarstw oraz ich organizację i wyniki produkcyjne. W badaniach między innymi wykazano, iż udział dopłat do ONW w dochodach gospodarstw najmniejszych w najsłabszych regionach jest najniższy.
Abstract	The paper presents results of research on farms operating at less favoured areas. The analysis were conducted based on FADN data from 2005. The following attributes were taken into consideration: farm economic potential, organisation and production results. The research revealed that the share of the compensatory allowances for LFA in income of the smallest, mountain farms was the lowest. Moreover, farms in Małopolska and Pogórze regions (mountain areas) have substantially worse indicators than other regions what is good implication for strengthening regional support for them. The results showed that there is inconsiderable difference between resources and economic situation of non LFA and so called .other LFA., what impeach the propriety of the LFA delimitation system in Poland.
Cytowanie	Klepacka-Kołodziejska D. (2007) Zasoby oraz sytuacja ekonomiczna gospodarstw położonych na obszarach o niekorzystnych warunkach gospodarowania w Polsce w świetle wyników FADN .Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria G, t. 94, z. 1: 51-65
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2007_n1_s51.pdf

Autor	Michał Pietrzak
Tytuł	Skala spółdzielni mleczarskich a ich wyniki ekonomiczno-finansowe w latach 1999-2005
Title	Scale of cooperatives versus their financial performance in the years 1999-2005
Słowa kluczowe	skala, wyniki ekonomiczno-finansowe, spółdzielnie mleczarskie
Key words	scale, financial performance, dairy cooperatives
Abstrakt	W artykule dokonano oceny wpływu skali spółdzielni mleczarskich na ich wyniki ekonomiczno-finansowe. Przeprowadzone badania na próbie 393 obiektów wskazuj ą, że wraz ze wzrostem skali mleczarni poprawie ulegają takie miary efektywności, jak: wydajność pracy, sprzedaż i ceny skupu mleka.
Abstract	This paper presents assessment of relation between scale of dairy cooperatives and their financial performance. The analysis based on 393 objects shows that scale of dairy is correlated with many of efficiency measures. The bigger scale leads to the higher labour productivity, monetary value per milk indicator and milk price offered to the members. However the research does not confirm hypothesis that bigger scale leads to the higher assets productivity and profitability of cooperatives. Further concentration of the dairy sector in Poland should lead to the better results of dairies.
Cytowanie	Pietrzak M. (2007) Skala spółdzielni mleczarskich a ich wyniki ekonomiczno-finansowe w latach 1999-2005 .Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria G, t. 93, z. 2: 107-117
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2007_n2_s107.pdf

Autor	Jan Dworniak, Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Fundusz udziałowy a sytuacja finansowa spółdzielni mleczarskich
Title	Memers. Participation units and the financial situation of the dairy cooperatives
Słowa kluczowe	fundusz udziałowy, płynność finansowa, zaktualizowana rentowność, sprawność zarządzania.
Key words	members. participation units, financial liquidity, the updated profitability, the effectiveness of management.
Abstrakt	W opracowaniu przedstawiono relacje między poziomem funduszu udziałowego a kondycją finansową spółdzielni mleczarskich. Wraz ze wzrostem wielko- .ci tego funduszu odnotowano zwiększanie się ekonomicznej wydajności pracy, zaktualizowanej zyskowności majątku i funduszu własnego, jak również przychodów ze sprzedaży. W zakresie płynności finansowej zależności nie były tak jednoznaczne, chociaż najkorzystniejsza sytuacja dotyczyła spółdzielni o najwyższym funduszu udziałowym. W spółdzielniach stwierdzono racjonalne zarządzanie należnościami i zobowiązaniami.
Abstract	The study estimates dependency between the level of members. participation units and the financial situation of dairy cooperatives. In the investigated term it has been ascertained that there is an increasing tendency of milk prices in the purchasing centre. That’s why we are able to observe a significant domination of these dairy cooperatives which have gained the highest amount of members. participation units. This group has also noticed the highest: liquidity, updated profitability of assets, owns fund and sales revenue and also the economic productivity of labour. These measures in the dairy cooperatives have been decreasing together with the decrease of the participation fund value. The managers of dairy cooperatives in rational way shaped the size of the payment due and liabilities. The most profitable situation in some respect of debt collection the receivables due has appeared in cooperatives, which possessed the lowest amount of participation fund. The managers from all researched groups of the cooperatives found it beneficial to frame the term of the current debt collection to be longer than a time of payment.
Cytowanie	Dworniak J., Wasilewski M. (2007) Fundusz udziałowy a sytuacja finansowa spółdzielni mleczarskich .Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria G, t. 93, z. 2: 118-128
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2007_n2_s118.pdf

Autor	Karolina Pawlak, Walenty Poczta
Tytuł	Perspektywy rozwoju handlu produktami mleczarskimi w Polsce i krajach Unii Europejskiej
Title	Growth prospects of dairy trade in poland and the european union countries
Słowa kluczowe	eksport, import, artykuły mleczarskie, Polska, Unia Europejska, handel wewnątrzwspólnotowy, handel z krajami trzecimi
Key words	export, import, dairy products, Poland, the European Union, intra-EU trade, extra-EU trade
Abstrakt	W opracowaniu przedstawiono możliwe scenariusze rozwoju handlu artykułami mleczarskimi w Polsce i Unii Europejskiej do 2015 roku. W badaniach wykorzystano matematyczny model równowagi ogólnej Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP).
Abstract	Some possible scenarios of dairy trade development in Poland and the European Union countries are presented in the paper. Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP), the computable general equilibrium model, was used to make some trade forecast.
Cytowanie	Pawlak K., Poczta W. (2007) Perspektywy rozwoju handlu produktami mleczarskimi w Polsce i krajach Unii Europejskiej .Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria G, t. 93, z. 2: 129-138
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2007_n2_s129.pdf

Autor	Stanisław Gędek
Tytuł	Porównanie metod uwzględniania ryzyka w bilansach paszowych modelu programowania liniowego optymalizującego plany produkcji gospodarstwa rolnego
Title	Comparison of a risk considering methods in the feed constraints of a farm optimisation linear programming model
Słowa kluczowe	optymalizacja planów produkcji gospodarstwa rolnego, programowanie liniowe, ryzyko
Key words	farm production optimisation, linear programming, risk
Abstrakt	s: Problem uwzględniania ryzyka w ograniczeniach paszowych modelu programowania liniowego stosowanego do optymalizacji planów produkcji w rolnictwie rozwiązywany jest przy pomocy kilku metod opartych na różnych podstawach teoretycznych. W opracowaniu dokonano porównania skutków zastosowania metody Charnesa-Coopera i metody powielania ograniczeń.
Abstract	The aim of the paper was to test two methods of considering risk in the input-output coefficients of a linear programming model used to optimise farm production plans. There were analysed the Charnes- Cooper method and the constrains multiplication method. The analysis based on the 88 farm models. The models used for the comparison differ by the size of resources (the proportions of arable land and meadows, labour) and the level of the input-output coefficient variance-covariance matrix. Both methods gives quite similar results in the most cases. The test provided that the constrains multiplication method is slightly less restrictive to the objective function and the value of the risk affected variables.
Cytowanie	Gędek S. (2007) Porównanie metod uwzględniania ryzyka w bilansach paszowych modelu programowania liniowego optymalizującego plany produkcji gospodarstwa rolnego .Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria G, t. 94, z. 1: 7-22
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2007_n1_s7.pdf

Autor	Małgorzata Karolewska, Artur Wilczyński
Tytuł	Sytuacja ekonomiczna gospodarstw zajmujących się produkcją mleka w różnych scenariuszach zmian cen produktów rolnych
Title	Economic situation of dairy farmers in different producer prices scenario
Słowa kluczowe	scenariusze cenowe, produkcja mleka, dochód, przychody
Key words	producer prices scenario, dairy farms, farm income, returns
Abstrakt	Artykuł przedstawia analizę sytuacji ekonomicznej gospodarstw zajmujących się produkcją mleka po wdrożeniu czterech scenariuszy kształtowania się cen uzyskiwanych przez producentów rolnych oraz scenariusza zmian kosztów produkcji w latach 2007-2009. Otrzymane wyniki wskazują, że w momencie obowiązywania cen światowych dochodowość gospodarstw gwałtownie się pogorszy, przy jednoczesnym ponoszeniu strat z działalności rolniczej. Wszystkie scenariusze wdrożone w gospodarstwach, w których wysoki poziom udziału w przychodach stanowią przychody z produkcji mleka, spowodowały spadek dochodu rolniczego netto w latach 2007-2009.
Abstract	Polish dairy farms after EU accession faced many changes in technical farm organization as well as in economic situation. Introduction of four producer prices scenario and one producer cost scenario shows development of returns and incomes in analyzed farms in the period 2007-2009. Scenario which basis on world prices shows that very high decrease of farm income and agricultural activity will be unprofitable. All dairy farms with high share of dairy production in farms returns after implementing all prices scenario have a decline of farm profit in 2007-2009.
Cytowanie	Karolewska M., Wilczyński A. (2007) Sytuacja ekonomiczna gospodarstw zajmujących się produkcją mleka w różnych scenariuszach zmian cen produktów rolnych .Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria G, t. 94, z. 1: 23-28
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2007_n1_s23.pdf

Autor	Jacek Prochorowicz, Robert Rusielik
Tytuł	Porównanie efektywności skali produkcji mleka w wybranych gospodarstwach Europy w 2005 roku
Title	Comparison of scale efficiency of milk production in the selected European farms in 2005
Słowa kluczowe	DEA, efektywność skali, produkcja mleka
Key words	DEA, scale efficiency, milk production
Abstrakt	W artykule przestawiono analizę efektywności skali produkcji mleka w gospodarstwach zrzeszonych w sieci EDF. Badaniami, przy wykorzystaniu metody DEA wskazującej relatywną efektywność analizowanych obiektów, objęto 262 gospodarstwa z 16 krajów Europy. Przeprowadzone badania wykazują różnice w efektywności skali produkcji mleka wśród analizowanych gospodarstw. Z badań wynika, że na 188 gospodarstw o nieefektywnej skali produkcji 79 miało malejący charakter skali, tzn. za dużą skalę produkcji, natomiast 109 miało rosnący charakter skali, co oznacza za małą skalę produkcji. Wskazana nieefektywność informuje o tym, że istnieje lepsza struktura nakładów i efektów niż aktualnie posiadana przez gospodarstwo.
Abstract	The paper aims to compare the scale efficiency of milk production on the basis of data from selected farms associated in European Dairy Farmers network (EDF). The date for analysis were collected from 262 farms in 2005. The scale efficiency of milk production was computed by applying Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The results of the study showed that 188 farms were inefficient, 79 farms had to high scale of production and 109 farms had too low scale of production. The later farms should therefore change the structure of inputs and outputs to get the optimal scale of production.
Cytowanie	Prochorowicz J., Rusielik R. (2007) Porównanie efektywności skali produkcji mleka w wybranych gospodarstwach Europy w 2005 roku .Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria G, t. 94, z. 1: 29-34
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2007_n1_s29.pdf

Autor	Sławomir Juszczyk, Marek Rękorajski
Tytuł	Koszty bezpośrednie pasz łąkowo-pastwiskowych w gospodarstwach mlecznych województwa łódzkiego
Title	Costs of meadow-pasture fodder on the example of milk farms in Lodz Province
Słowa kluczowe	struktura kosztów bezpośrednich, koszty jednostkowe, ceny nasion traw, ceny nawozów mineralnych i innych środków produkcji
Key words	structure of direct costs, unit costs, prices of grasses, prices of artificial fertilizers and other production means
Abstrakt	W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań z terenu województwa łódzkiego prowadzonych w latach 2004-2006, dotyczące zróżnicowania kosztów bezpośrednich pasz łąkowych i pastwiskowych w gospodarstwach mlecznych.
Abstract	The aim of the paper was to analyze the costs of meadow pasture folder in milk farms. There were analyzed farms from Łodz Province. Taking into consideration process of liberalization on milk market and respecting the necessity of looking for possibility of unit cost decreasing, the pasture feeding could be more and more important. In that context this issue connected with botanic content of the turf and with fertilizing intensification and nurturing of pasture seems very important and could have an influence on increasing competitive advantages between milk producers. It could have also influence, in the long term perspectives, on increasing milk production concentration, first of all in the farms, which have large pasture area, especially near the centre of the farm. In the researched period 2004-2006the average direct costs 1 dt of pasture cutting grass fluctuated from 1,88 to 1,93 zl; meadow cutting grass . from 2,18 to 2,23 zl; meadow hay . from 14,17 to 14,53; hay-silage from 6,55 to 6,72 and silage from 3,57 to 3,66 zl. Moreover, in the individual researched years occurred between milk farms significance differences of costs those fodder. The biggest were in 2005 year. Taking the lowest costs as 100%, the highest level in case of pasture cutting grass was 155,3%; in case of meadow cutting grass was 140,0%; meadow hay was 163,4%; hay-silage was 134,8% and silage was 137,4%. The diversity of unit costs could be recognized as a significant, and what is more, it shows the possibilities of decreasing the fodder costs in the specialized farms.
Cytowanie	Juszczyk S., Rękorajski M. (2007) Koszty bezpośrednie pasz łąkowo-pastwiskowych w gospodarstwach mlecznych województwa łódzkiego .Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria G, t. 94, z. 1: 35-45
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2007_n1_s35.pdf

Autor	Tomasz Rokicki
Tytuł	Wpływ struktury użytków rolnych na wyniki ekonomiczne gospodarstw zajmujących się hodowlą owiec
Title	Influence of the agricultural land structure on economic results of sheep breeding farms
Słowa kluczowe	dochód, efektywność, produkcja owczarska
Key words	income, productivity, sheep production
Abstrakt	Przedstawiono wpływ struktury użytków rolnych na poziom dochodów oraz efektywność ekonomiczną ziemi w gospodarstwach z terenu województwa podlaskiego, zajmujących się hodowlą owiec. Optymalny udział trwałych użytków zielonych w użytkach rolnych w tych gospodarstwach w 2004 r. wynosił 30-40%. Wówczas poziom dochodów oraz efektywność ekonomiczna ziemi były najwyższe.
Abstract	The aim of the paper was to analyze the influence of the agricultural land structure on incomes and economic efficiency of sheep breeding farms in Poland. The results show that incomes and productivity were higher in bigger farms. The paper argues that for Polish conditions, with regard to economic performance of sheep breeding farms, the optimal share of pastures in agricultural land structure should reach the level of 30-40%.
Cytowanie	Rokicki T. (2007) Wpływ struktury użytków rolnych na wyniki ekonomiczne gospodarstw zajmujących się hodowlą owiec .Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria G, t. 94, z. 1: 46-50
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2007_n1_s46.pdf

Autor	Graham Dalton, Waldemar Guba, Edward Majewski, Adam Wąs
Tytuł	Oszacowanie ryzyka dochodów rolniczych w gospodarstwach mlecznych w Polsce na tle gospodarstw innych kierunków produkcji w warunkach różnych scenariuszy polityki rolnej
Title	Assessment of farm income risk in dairy farms in poland in comparison to farms of other production types under different agricultural policy scenarios
Słowa kluczowe	ryzyko działalności rolniczej, wahania dochodów, reforma WPR, model symulacyjny gospodarstwa
Key words	farm risk, income volatility, CAP reform, farm simulation model
Abstrakt	W opracowaniu oszacowano ryzyko niskich dochodów w wybranych typach gospodarstw rolniczych dla różnych scenariuszy polityki rolnej w perspektywie lat 2013-2018. Analizę przeprowadzono za pomocą symulacji metodą Monte Carlo z wykorzystaniem modelu symulacyjnego gospodarstwa. Wyniki symulacji wykazały, że w Polsce ryzyko niskich dochodów rolniczych w latach 2013-2018 nie będzie wyższe niż w 2004 roku, pomimo przewidywanej liberalizacji handlu na rynkach rolnych i polityki rolnej UE. Gospodarstwa mleczne, szczególnie z większą skalą produkcji, cechuje wyższa stabilność dochodów w porównaniu do gospodarstw z innych typów produkcyjnych.
Abstract	In the paper, the risk of low Farm Incomes in the selected farm types for different Agricultural Policy scenarios for the years 2013 and 2018 was assessed. The analysis was performed with the use of Monte Carlo simulation method. The simulation’s results show that in Polish farms the risk of low incomes will not be higher than in the base year of 2004, even though gradual liberalization of trade on agricultural markets and liberalization of the common agricultural policy of the EU is assumed. Dairy farms, especially those with a higher scale of production have a greater stability of farm incomes when compared to other farm types.
Cytowanie	Dalton G., Guba W., Majewski E., Wąs A. (2007) Oszacowanie ryzyka dochodów rolniczych w gospodarstwach mlecznych w Polsce na tle gospodarstw innych kierunków produkcji w warunkach różnych scenariuszy polityki rolnej .Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria G, t. 93, z. 2: 98-106
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2007_n2_s98.pdf