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Autor	Józef Kania, Wiesław Musiał
Tytuł	Istota kreacji wartości dodanej w rolnictwie i na obszarach wiejskich
Title	The Essence of Creating Value-Added in Agriculture and in Rural Areas
Słowa kluczowe	wartość dodana w rolnictwie, kreowanie wartości dodanej, integracja pionowa, łańcuch dostaw żywności
Key words	value-added in agriculture, creation of the value-added, vertical integration, food supply chain
Abstrakt	Celem opracowania jest próba poszerzenia sposobu definiowania pojęcia wartości dodanej w rolnictwie i na obszarach wiejskich, głównie w oparciu o literaturę przedmiotu. W pierwszej kolejności odniesiono się do usytuowania tego pojęcia w kontekście ekonomii rolnictwa, a następnie różnych procesów, które zachodzą lub zachodzić powinny na obszarach wiejskich, kreując lub warunkując oczekiwane, pozytywne efekty, które nazwano wartością dodaną. Następnie przeanalizowano tworzenie wartości dodanej w rolniczym łańcuchu dostaw, mając na uwadze stare i nowe podejście do jej tworzenia. Analizę przypadku przeprowadzono dla spółki „Owoc Łącki” i poddano ocenie sposoby tworzenia wartości dodanej i formę integracji producentów owoców. Efektem analizy jest przedstawienie wielości i różnorodności definiowania oraz opisu uwarunkowań tworzenia wartości dodanej. Zaprezentowane przykłady, praktyki i podejścia w podnoszeniu wartości dodanej stanowić mogą inspirację dla doradców, a zwłaszcza rolników poszukujących nowych modeli biznesowych, by zwiększyć w ten sposób swoje dochody.
Abstract	The aim of the study is to broaden the definition of the added-value concept in agriculture and in rural areas. To start, reference was made to the location of this concept in relation to the economics of agriculture and then to the various processes that occur or should occur in rural areas creating or conditioning the expected positive effects, which were called the Value-added. Then, the creation of added value in the agricultural supply chain was analyzed with an old and new approach to its creation. The case analysis was conducted for the "Owoc Łącki" company, which assessed the ways of creating added value and the form of integration of fruit producers. The effect of the analysis is the multiplicity and diversity of defining and describing conditions for the creation of added value. The presented examples, practices and approaches in increasing the added value can be an inspiration for advisors, especially farmers looking for new business models, thus increasing their income.
Cytowanie	Kania J., Musiał W. (2018) Istota kreacji wartości dodanej w rolnictwie i na obszarach wiejskich.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 2: 117-129
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n2_s117.pdf

Autor	Adam Ambroziak, Renata Grochowska
Tytuł	Selected Aspects of Protectionism of EU Member States in the EU Agri-Food Market
Title	Selected Aspects of Protectionism of EU Member States in the EU Agri-Food Market
Słowa kluczowe	EU internal market, non-tariff barriers, agri-food products
Key words	EU internal market, non-tariff barriers, agri-food products
Abstrakt	Tendencies in national actions against foreign products currently observed in the European Union indicate protectionism or at least discrimination. The aim of this article is describe economic mechanisms of applying selected import-related policy instruments of Member States and to identify some potential directions of their impact on the functioning of the EU agri-food internal market. The presented mechanisms are related to three situations: (a) hindering the market entry through retargeting of consumer demand; (b) promotion of own products contrary to the fair rules of competition; (c) limiting economic activity of foreign companies. The analyses carried out allowed to identify economic activity areas, where negative effects could reveal and to state that the potential result of these activities may be selective reduction of trade or change of its directions.
Abstract	Tendencies in national actions against foreign products currently observed in the European Union indicate protectionism or at least discrimination. The aim of this article is describe economic mechanisms of applying selected import-related policy instruments of Member States and to identify some potential directions of their impact on the functioning of the EU agri-food internal market. The presented mechanisms are related to three situations: (a) hindering the market entry through retargeting of consumer demand; (b) promotion of own products contrary to the fair rules of competition; (c) limiting economic activity of foreign companies. The analyses carried out allowed to identify economic activity areas, where negative effects could reveal and to state that the potential result of these activities may be selective reduction of trade or change of its directions.
Cytowanie	Ambroziak A., Grochowska R. (2018) Selected Aspects of Protectionism of EU Member States in the EU Agri-Food Market.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 2: 82-94
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n2_s82.pdf

Autor	Mirosław Drygas, Iwona Nurzyńska
Tytuł	Uwarunkowania dyskusji nad kształtem Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej po 2020 roku
Title	Common Agricultural Policy Post 2020
Słowa kluczowe	Unia Europejska, Wspólna Polityka Rolna, płatności bezpośrednie, pierwszy i drugi filar WPR, reforma WPR
Key words	European Union, Common Agricultural Policy, direct payments, I and II pillar of the CAP, CAP reforms
Abstrakt	WPR UE, pomimo stałej, często ostrej, krytyki różnych środowisk, umożliwiała i nadal wspiera rozwój europejskiego rolnictwa i obszarów wiejskich. Aktualnie trwająca dyskusja nad jej kształtem po 2020 roku skłania do dokonania przeglądu stanowisk i wyrażenia własnych poglądów. W trwającej dyskusji od lat podnoszony jest pogląd o konieczności lepszego ukierunkowania WPR na skonkretyzowane cele dla uzyskania wyższej efektywności funduszy publicznych. Głównym celem opracowania jest dokonanie przeglądu ważniejszych wydarzeń, jakie miały miejsce w trakcie zainicjowanej w 2016 r. przez Komisję Europejską debaty, w tym sfinalizowanych konsultacji społecznych, na tle globalnych uwarunkowań politycznych, ekonomicznych, środowiskowych i technologicznych. Autorzy formułują hipotezę w następującym brzmieniu: Najbliższa reforma WPR choć przyniesie fundamentalne zmiany modelu wdrażania WPR, to jednak nie zapewni to jej znacznie silniejszego niż obecnie ukierunkowania na osiąganie zdefiniowanych i mierzalnych celów. Polityczny konsensus dotyczący wzmocnienia wsparcia na rzecz drobnych gospodarstw rolnych będzie kontynuowany kosztem ograniczenia wsparcia dla dużych operatorów. Oznacza to, że legitymizacja realizowanej polityki opierać się będzie głównie na społecznych i środowiskowych jej aspektach. Główną metodą badawczą jest przegląd i analiza obszernej literatury przedmiotu oraz dokumentów, analiz i ekspertyz.
Abstract	The CAP, despite strong criticisms from various expert cycles, enabled and still allows the development of European agriculture and rural areas. The current discussion about the CAP’s new architecture after 2020 stimulates a review of different positions and formulation of new views. For years, one of the key postulates has been better CAP targeting and a higher value for money. The objective of this publication is to present key developments that took place during this debate in the view of global political, economic, environmental and technological conditions. The authors formulated the following hypothesis: the coming CAP reform will bring about a fundamental change of the policy implementation model but the new CAP will not contribute to a stronger and measurable result-based orientation. The political consensus of supporting small farms will be continued at the expense of limiting support to the large farm operators. The main method used is online research, review of literature, and various analysis and documents.
Cytowanie	Drygas M., Nurzyńska I. (2018) Uwarunkowania dyskusji nad kształtem Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej po 2020 roku.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 2: 57-69
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n2_s57.pdf

Autor	Jakub Piecuch, Joanna Szarek
Tytuł	Konkurencyjność gospodarki województwa małopolskiego a rozwój ekosystemu startupowego
Title	Competitiveness of the Economy of the Małopolska Region and the Development of the Startup Ecosystem
Słowa kluczowe	konkurencyjność, innowacyjność, startup, ekosystem startupowy
Key words	competitiveness, innovation, startup, startup ecosystem
Abstrakt	W XXI wieku konkurencyjna gospodarka regionu jest gospodarką opartą na wiedzy i nowych technologiach. Przedsiębiorstwa typu startup wraz z ekosystemem startupowym stały się wyznacznikiem innowacyjności regionu. Artykuł ma na celu ukazanie zależności pomiędzy rozwojem krakowskiego środowiska startupowego a wzrostem konkurencyjności województwa małopolskiego. Za podstawowe czynniki oddziałujące na konkurencyjność Małopolski uznano liczbę udzielonych patentów na wynalazki krajowe przez Urząd Patentowy RP, dynamikę zatrudnienia w B+R, nakłady inwestycyjne na B+R, liczbę przedsiębiorstw z kapitałem zagranicznym oraz PKB per capita w cenach bieżących. Po przeprowadzonej analizie korelacji wykazano, że najsilniejsze zależności zachodzą pomiędzy PKB per capita w cenach bieżących a liczbą przedsiębiorstw z kapitałem zagranicznym oraz nakładami inwestycyjnymi na B+R. Główny ośrodek miejski, jakim jest w analizowanym obszarze Kraków, stał się magnesem skupiającym wokół siebie osoby zakładające startupy, budujące innowacyjną gospodarkę oraz całe zaplecze biznesowe. Krakowski ekosystem startupowy ma pozytywny wpływ na konkurencyjność regionu małopolskiego z uwagi na gromadzenie wysoko wykwalifikowanego kapitału społecznego, krajowych i zagranicznych inwestorów, fundacji i instytucji wspierających pomysłodawców w zmaterializowaniu idei, działalności instytucji i administracji publicznej w kierunku współpracy z obszarem nauki i biznesu.
Abstract	In the 21st century, a region's competitive economy is an economy based on knowledge and new technologies. Startups with the startup ecosystem have become a determinant of a region's innovation. The article aims to show the dependence between the development of the Krakow startup environment and the increase in the competitiveness of the Malopolska region. The number of patents granted for national inventions by the Patent Office of the Republic of Poland, the dynamics of employment in R&D, capital expenditures on R&D, the number of enterprises with foreign capital and GDP per capita in current prices were considered the basic factors affecting the competitiveness of Malopolska. After the analysis of the correlation, it was shown that the strongest relationships occur between GDP per capita in current prices and the number of enterprises with foreign capital and investment outlays for R&D. The main city center, which is in the analyzed area of Krakow, has become a magnet for gathering people, creating startups, building an innovative economy and all business facilities. The Krakow startup ecosystem has a positive impact on the competitiveness of the Malopolska region due to the accumulation of highly qualified social capital, domestic and foreign investors, foundations and institutions supporting originators in materializing the idea, activities of institutions and public administration towards cooperation with the science and business area.
Cytowanie	Piecuch J., Szarek J. (2018) Konkurencyjność gospodarki województwa małopolskiego a rozwój ekosystemu startupowego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 1: 183-193
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n1_s183.pdf

Autor	Agnieszka Biernat-Jarka, Paulina Trębska
Tytuł	Ubóstwo w Polsce i Unii Europejskiej a formy jego przezwyciężania w kontekście zrównoważonego rozwoju i doświadczeń UE
Title	Poverty in Poland and the European Union and the Forms of Overcome it, in the Context of Sustainable Development and the EU Experience
Słowa kluczowe	zrównoważony rozwój, ubóstwo, wskaźnik zagrożenia ubóstwem, walka z biedą
Key words	sustainable development, poverty, the indicator of the risk of poverty, the fight against poverty
Abstrakt	Celem artykułu jest ocena zjawiska ubóstwa w Polsce na tle innych krajów Unii Europejskiej oraz scharakteryzowanie wybranych form przezwyciężania ubóstwa w kontekście zrównoważonego rozwoju. W artykule dokonano przeglądu literatury z tego obszaru oraz analizy źródeł wtórnych pochodzących z Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego i EUROSTAT. Ubóstwo jest zjawiskiem powszechnym i występuje we wszystkich krajach Unii Europejskiej. Około 17% obywateli Unii Europejskiej jest zagrożonych ubóstwem. Problem ten powinien być rozwiązany ze względu na zrównoważony i trwały rozwój i jest to podstawą europejskiej strategii walki z ubóstwem i wykluczeniem społecznym.
Abstract	The aim of this article is to assess the forms of overcoming poverty in Poland against the background of the European Union in the context of sustainable development and the experience of the European Union. The article presents the scale of poverty in Poland and in the European Union, reviewing literature from this area and analysis of secondary sources from the Central Statistical Office and EUROSTAT.
Cytowanie	Biernat-Jarka A., Trębska P. (2018) Ubóstwo w Polsce i Unii Europejskiej a formy jego przezwyciężania w kontekście zrównoważonego rozwoju i doświadczeń UE.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 1: 38-47
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n1_s38.pdf

Autor	Mieczysław Adamowicz
Tytuł	Aktualne kierunki zmian we wspólnej polityce rolnej Unii Europejskiej
Title	Present Changes in the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union
Słowa kluczowe	wsparcie rolnictwa, filary WPR, płatności bezpośrednie, instrumenty polityki
Key words	agriculture support, pillars of the CAP, direct payments, policy instruments
Abstrakt	Celem opracowania jest przedstawienie ewolucji wspólnej polityki rolnej zwłaszcza zmian jakie zaszły w tej polityce w okresie ostatniego dziesięciolecia oraz form i rozmiarów wsparcia rolnictwa i obszarów wiejskich. Wykonano je przy wykorzystaniu raportów OECD, zwłaszcza raportu dotyczącego monitorowania i ewolucji wspólnej polityki rolnej z 2015 r. oraz literatury problemu. Wyróżniono trzy grupy czynników wpływających na zmiany we wspólnej polityce rolnej: czynniki związane z sytuacją w rolnictwie krajów członkowskich UE, relacje Unii Europejskiej z gospodarką światową oraz przebieg światowego kryzysu finansowego. W pracy przedstawiono zmiany, które zaszły w dwóch filarach: filarze I dotyczącym sfery rynkowo-produkcyjnej, w tym zwłaszcza płatności bezpośrednich i w filarze II, obejmującym wielokierunkowe oddziaływanie na rolnictwo i obszary wiejskie. Omówiono także płatności specyficzne i specjalne. Wśród instrumentów wspierania rolnictwa zwrócono uwagę zwłaszcza na instrumenty rynku wewnętrznego, oddziaływanie przez usługi jak i regulacje obrotów zagranicznych. Jedną z głównych konkluzji jest stwierdzenie, że okresowe zmiany celów i instrumentów wspólnej polityki rolnej nie naruszyły jej podstaw i potrzeby wsparcia rolnictwa.
Abstract	The aim of the work is presenting the evolution of the Common Agricultural Policy, mainly the changes which occurred in this policy during the last decade, as well as the forms and size of support of agriculture and rural areas. The study was prepared with the use of OECD rapport, mainly the rapport on monitoring and evolution the Common Agricultural Policy 2015, and the subject matter literature. Three groups of factors influencing the Common Agricultural Policy changes were distinguished. There are: factors influencing the state of agriculture in member countries; factors influencing relations of the European Union with the world economy and factor linked with the world financial crisis. The changes occurred in both pillars of the CAP were presented, in Pillar I related to the price and market spheres and in that related to direct payments, and in Pillar II, which cover complex of instruments influencing agriculture and rural areas. The special and specific payments were also described. Among instruments supporting agriculture special attentions was given to instruments of internal markets, instruments influencing services and foreign trade regulations. One of the main conclusions is statement that periodical changes of aims and instruments of the CAP did not destroy the background of the policy and the necessity of the community support for agriculture.
Cytowanie	Adamowicz M. (2018) Aktualne kierunki zmian we wspólnej polityce rolnej Unii Europejskiej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 1: 7-22
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n1_s7.pdf

Autor	Jadwiga Zaród
Tytuł	Identyfikacja głównych determinant rozwoju rolnictwa w krajach Unii Europejskie
Title	Identification of the Main Determinants of Agricultural Development in the European Union Countries
Słowa kluczowe	analiza dyskryminacyjna, determinanty rozwoju rolnictwa, klasyfikacja krajów UE
Key words	discriminatory analysis, determinants of agricultural development, classification of EU countries
Abstrakt	Poziom rozwoju rolnictwa w krajach UE jest zróżnicowany. Znajomość czynników bezpośrednio oddziałujących na przemiany w rolnictwie może przyczynić się do zmniejszania dysproporcji pomiędzy państwami. Celem tego opracowania jest wskazanie głównych czynników determinujących rozwój rolnictwa w Unii. Do realizacji tego zadania wykorzystano analizę dyskryminacyjną. Natomiast materiał badawczy stanowiły dane GUS i EUROSTATU, dotyczące rolnictwa w krajach UE. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że rozwój rolnictwa w UE determinują szczególnie takie czynniki jak: produktywności pracy, udział zasiewu zbóż w ogólnej powierzchni gruntów ornych, dochód rolniczy oraz wydatki na spożycie w gospodarstwach domowych. Ponadto analiza dyskryminacyjna pozwoliła przypisać poszczególne kraje do grup o różnym poziomie rozwoju rolnictwa.
Abstract	The level of agricultural development in the EU countries is varies significantly. The knowledge of factors directly affecting changes in agriculture can contribute to reducing disparities between countries. The purpose of this study is to indicate the main factors which determine agricultural development in the European Union. To implement this task, the discriminant analysis was used. The research material were data from the GUS and EUROSTAT regarding agriculture in EU countries. The research shows that the development of agriculture in the EU is determined in particular by factors such as the share of sowing of cereals in the total area of arable land, consumption expenditure in households, labor productivity and agricultural income. In addition, the discriminatory analysis allowed assigning particular countries to groups with different levels of agricultural development.
Cytowanie	Zaród J. (2018) Identyfikacja głównych determinant rozwoju rolnictwa w krajach Unii Europejskie.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 3: 342-352
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n3_s342.pdf

Autor	Agnieszka Kurdyś-Kujawska, Agnieszka Strzelecka, Danuta Zawadzka
Tytuł	Wpływ czynników endogenicznych na prawdopodobieństwo dzierżawy gruntów przez gospodarstwa rolne w Polsce
Title	Influence of endogenous factors on the probability of land leaseby farms in Poland
Słowa kluczowe	gospodarstwo rolne, dzierżawa gruntów, model logitowy
Key words	farm, land lease, logit model
Abstrakt	Dzierżawa gruntów rolnych w Polsce stanowi, obok własności, podstawowy tytuł prawny organizowania i prowadzenia gospodarstw rolnych. Możliwość zwiększenia areału prowadzi z założenia do poprawy sytuacji dochodowej rolników. Nie tylko ze względu na rozmiar produkcji i osiągane z niej dochody, ale także ze względu na wysokość otrzymywanych dotacji. Decyzja o dzierżawie gruntów zależy od wielu czynników o charakterze endo- i egzogenicznym. Celem artykułu jest określenie czynników wewnętrznych wpływających na prawdopodobieństwo dzierżawy gruntów przez gospodarstwa rolne w Polsce. Badanie przeprowadzono na podstawie danych rachunkowych uzyskanych w 2015 roku przez gospodarstwa rolne prowadzące rachunkowość rolną na potrzeby polskiego FADN. Określenia czynników wpływających na prawdopodobieństwo dzierżawy gruntów przez gospodarstwa rolne dokonano z wykorzystaniem modelu regresji logistycznej. Wyniki badań wskazują, że prawdopodobieństwo dzierżawy gruntów zwiększa się wraz ze wzrostem: powierzchni użytków rolnych, udziału kapitałów obcych w finansowaniu działalności rolniczej oraz nakładów pracy własnej w gospodarstwie rolnym. Prawdopodobieństwo to wzrasta także wraz z obniżeniem produktywności aktywów trwałych (pomniejszonych o ziemię, uprawy trwałe i kwoty produkcyjne).
Abstract	The lease of agricultural land in Poland is, apart from ownership, the basic legal title of organizing and running farms. The possibility of increasing the area leads to the improvement of the farmers' income situation. Not only because of the size of production and income from it, but also because of the amount of subsidies received. The decision to lease land depends on a number of endogenous and exogenous factors. The aim of the article was to determine the endogenous factors affecting the likelihood of renting land by agricultural holdings in Poland. The study was conducted on the basis of accountancy data obtained in 2015 by agricultural holdings conducting agricultural accounting for the needs of the Polish FADN. Determining the factors affecting the likelihood of land leased by agricultural holdings in Poland was made using the logistic regression model. The studies carried out prove that the decision to lease the land depends on the resources of the agricultural holding. The presented research results suggest that the probability of renting land increases with the increase in the area of arable land, the share of foreign capital in the financing of agricultural activity and own labor inputs on the farm. This likelihood also increases with decreasing productivity of fixed assets (reduced by land, permanent crops and production quotas).
Cytowanie	Kurdyś-Kujawska A., Strzelecka A., Zawadzka D. (2018) Wpływ czynników endogenicznych na prawdopodobieństwo dzierżawy gruntów przez gospodarstwa rolne w Polsce.Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 105, z. 2: 38-49
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2018_n2_s38.pdf

Autor	Magdalena Cyrek, Piotr Cyrek
Tytuł	DIFFERENCE IN CONSUMPTION BETWEEN URBAN AND RURAL HOUSEHOLDS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	consumption, well-being, households, city-countryside
Key words
Abstrakt	Levels of income, consumer expenditure and their structure display significant disproportions between areas of different degrees of urbanisation. These disproportions are reflected both in the objective comparison and subjectively perceived material situation of households. This study contains an assessment of the differences in income and consumption in rural areas and cities of Poland at a national level and in relation to the Subcarpathian Province, as a less developed region. The results of public statistic surveys were supplemented with the results of own research regarding the perception of the situation by the inhabitants of Subcarpathia. The scale of existing socio-economic disproportion in spatial layout and directions of changes in accordance to objective and subjective indicators were identified. The changes in the value of purchases of various types of products, levels of savings and living conditions were addressed. In order to verify the hypothesis of consumption convergence in the city-countryside system, a statistical analysis of national structures was carried out and the differences in change patterns typical for urban and rural households in Subcarpathia were identified. This research allows to conclude that there exist adverse disproportions in rural development and some signs of overcoming them on a national and regional level.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Cyrek M., Cyrek P.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s68.pdf

Autor	Bogdan Klepacki
Tytuł	THE ROLE OF LOGISTIC FOR POLISH ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT
Title
Słowa kluczowe	logistics, transport infrastructure, storage, Logistic Performance Index (LPI)
Key words
Abstrakt	One of the most important sectors currently determining the economic situation of countries, regions, including rural areas and enterprises is logistics. The study presents the directions of the impact of logistics on the economy and changes in equipping Poland with more important elements of the logistics infrastructure, namely transport and storage infrastructure. The place of the logistics sector in the national economy was presented, measured by the share of transport, storage, information and communication, against the background of industry, trade and construction, in the creation of the Net Domestic Product. The logistic competitive position of Poland against the background of neighbouring countries was also determined. It was found that it is high, and logistics can be an important factor in the development of the country. The development of logistics at the Faculty of Economic Sciences at SGGW was also presented.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Klepacki B.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s353.pdf

Autor	Nicholas Imbeah
Tytuł	A STUDY OF TOURISTS’ SAFETY IN THE AHANTA WEST DISTRICT IN GHANA
Title
Słowa kluczowe	glocalization, Ahanta, Ghana
Key words
Abstrakt	Issues of tourists’ safety are gaining grounds in Ghana especially in the Ahanta West District in the Western Region where Ghana discovered commercial crude oil in Cape Three Points in 2007 and started drilling in 2010. Using purposive sampling method, observation, interviews and questionnaires, this study sought to examine the extent to which tourists perceive their own safety in this destination which is old but now renewed tourist destination due to the oil find in Ghana. Welcoming and friendly atmosphere to tourists was indicative of a safe and a secured destination for tourists. The display of globalization showed in the form of ‘glocalization’ in this destination. There is a conflict between land use for agricultural purposes and tourist facilities since the predominant cash crop in this area is oil palm, hence a threat to agricultural sustainability. It is recommended that the security agents should as a matter of urgency put in place the appropriate structures in this tourist destination and farming area for safety.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Imbeah N.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s335.pdf

Autor	Aneta Becker, Jarosław Becker
Tytuł	REGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF POLAND IN TERMS OF THE DEGREE OF DIGITAL EXCLUSION OF HOUSEHOLDS IN 2017
Title
Słowa kluczowe	ICT, digital divide, households, ELECTRE TRI
Key words
Abstrakt	Nowadays, the digital economy plays a significant role in economic life. It is determined by the intensive development of modern ICT (Information and Communication Technology). Thus, the importance of the information society using techniques of information communication and processing that arose from the connection of other households is increasing. These households participate and form the basis for the process of creating social capital. Therefore, it seems interesting to examine the socio-economic space of Polish households due to the existence of disproportions in ICT development. The article presents the results of the classification of Polish voivodeships in terms of the degree of digital exclusion understood as lack of access or the ability to use ICT in households in 2017. The research used the ELECTRE TRI method, which is an example of a multicriteria decision support method used to classify decision variants based on a relationship of exceedance. The obtained results allowed for the identification of regions that are characterized by the highest degree of exclusion of digital households (the lowest use of ICT). This group includes the following provinces: Podlasie, Lublin and Lubusz. Into the analyses carried out additionally and deliberately introduced the region of Masovia Province without the capital city and separately the region of Warsaw (the capital city), which clearly different from other units. Thus, it served as a reference point in the study, which represents highly urbanized areas of voivodeships characterized by a low degree of digital exclusion.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Becker A., Becker J.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s306.pdf

Autor	Tsvihun Inna
Tytuł	SOCIAL-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL TERRITORIES OF POLAND AND UKRAINE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	rural areas, depopulation, birth rate, mortality, population structure, aging
Key words
Abstrakt	Rural areas are an important component of the national economy and perform the following functions: efficient and competitive production; rational saving and protection of natural resources; assistance to rural population expanded reproduction; insurance of employment, proper level and quality of life as well as the revival of historical and the formation of new cultural traditions. The aim of the study is to assess the sociodemographic development of rural areas of the Ukraine and Poland and to identify common and distinctive features of their development. In order to assess the level of rural area development, the following indicators were used: rural population size and structure, fertility, mortality and expected life expectancy of the rural population. The aim of the study is to assess trends in the development of demographic processes and to develop proposals for the sustainable development of Ukrainian rural areas, taking into account the experience of Poland.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Inna T.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s294.pdf

Autor	Anna Mazurkiewicz, Katarzyna Szara
Tytuł	THE ROLE OF HUMAN, SOCIAL AND CREATIVE CAPITALS IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Title
Słowa kluczowe	human capital, social capital, creative capital, development
Key words
Abstrakt	Socio-economic development is a process of quantitative and qualitative changes that increase phenomena in the economic, social and cultural areas. Various types of capital, including human and social capitals, support this development. These capitals are often described in literature. Less information on the subject of creative capital derived from the Florida’s theory is available in the subject matter literature. The aim of the paper is to identify the role of human, social and creative capitals in socio-economic development. Against the background of the capitals characteristics, their similarities and differences were pointed out. Human capital is substitutive against social and creative ones. However, these two capitals have a complementary character in relation to human nature. The identified roles of the three capitals described in the comparative dimension in the aspect of a commune, a region and a country development are an original contribution to the paper.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Mazurkiewicz A., Szara K.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s273.pdf

Autor	Dariusz Czakowski, Andrzej Czyżewski
Tytuł	THE MARKETS OF POTATOES AND SUGAR BEETS IN POLAND BEFORE AND AFTER ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION. AN ATTEMPT TO COMPARE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	root crop market, sugar market, potato market, European integration
Key words
Abstrakt	The article attempts to identify the dynamics and direction of the root plant market development in Poland in the period before and after accession to the European Union by defining resource-efficiency relations related to the cultivation of potatoes and sugar beet. The research was carried out in the years 1994–2016. Based on them, it turned out that despite the progressive process of concentration and specialization of production on the market of root crops in Poland, income efficiency (without subsidies), especially in the case of sugar beets, decreased significantly. In addition, the area of cultivation of both potatoes and sugar beet was systematically decreasing, which was partially compensated by the improvement in crops. As a result of these adjustments, sugar beet harvests were at a similar level throughout the entire period considered, while potato production decreased.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Czakowski D., Czyżewski A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s231.pdf

Autor	Monika Wojcieszak
Tytuł	WELFARE FARMS IN POLAND AS AN EXAMPLE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES IN RURAL AREAS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	welfare farms, rural areas, agri-tourism
Key words
Abstrakt	The purpose of the paper was to present the importance of welfare farms in Poland as a social element of mutual relations, connections and co-operation in local and regional development. The concept of welfare farms is characterised in the study and the main idea of their formation is presented. Examples of welfare farms in Poland as part of the first pilot project known as ‘Zielona opieka – gospodarstwa opiekuńcze w woj. kujawsko-pomorskim’ (Green care: welfare farms in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodeship) have also been presented. It was also pointed out that social farming plays an increasingly important role in the contemporary development of rural areas. The paper was compiled using the desk research method and a classical analysis of documents was used. The choice of methods was determined by the availability of source materials, some of which were of primary or secondary nature (social farming literature, reports and public statistic documents). This paper also pointed to the fact that welfare farms are increasingly becoming a popular form of social service in rural areas. It also testifies to the entrepreneurship of farmers, because they offer not only accommodation and catering, but also care on their farms.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Wojcieszak M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s161.pdf

Autor	Aleksandra Matuszewska-Janica
Tytuł	WOMEN’S LABOUR MARKET ACTIVITY IN THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR IN POLAND AND EUROPEAN UNION IN 2016
Title
Słowa kluczowe	labour market, female employment, cluster analysis, k-mean method
Key words
Abstrakt	The European authorities pay particular attention to agriculture and employees in this sector. Women represent more than 33% of this group in the European Union. A significant number of actions are targeted at women from rural areas, having regard to the mentioned issues and specific situation of women in the labour market. Therefore, it requires in-depth analyses. The main aim of the presented study is to assess the diversity of the situation of women working in agriculture across the EU. The quantitative analysis allows to indicate similarities and differences among EU states in the current structure of women’s employment in this sector. In the analysis, the k-mean method is applied with the Labour Force Survey data from the year 2016. The study refers to 28 EU states and a group of women aged 20–64. The obtained results indicated that we have a large proportion of self-employees in agriculture. However, we observe a larger percentage of those who create jobs for others states that are better economically developed. This analysis confirms the findings that the Polish structure of female employment is closer to those in the Mediterranean countries. Poland is assigned to one cluster with Greece. This group is distinguished by several factors. Firstly, it contains a high proportion of people employed in agriculture with a relatively small share of part-timers. Secondly, it is a very high rate of self-employed with a very low proportion of those who create jobs for others.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Matuszewska-Janica A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s124.pdf

Autor	Michał Leśniewski, Wioletta Pacholarz
Tytuł	SYNERGY AND DIVERSITY OF THE RESOURCES OF AN ENTERPRISE. KNOWLEDGE MANAGER – MODEL APPROACH
Title
Słowa kluczowe	manager knowledge, diversity enterprise resource, business management
Key words
Abstrakt	One of the fundamental problems relating to the management of the company is the manager and its employees’ as the human resource of the organisation. Managers with their staff and particularly positive relationship between them are able to build constructive foundation of the future undertakings. The aim of the white paper is to provide a fault energy and diversity of companies with the presentation of his concept of manager’s model knowledge. In the development of the adopted research hypotheses formulated as follows: First hypothesis research area: knowledge manager is a wizard synergetic and diversity of companies, second hypothesis research area: meteoric manager is provided through knowledge and be able to use this knowledge, Third research hypothesis: manager knowledge can be reflected in the form of a concept of material and the concept of an intangible asset. The development of a conceptual design and is based on the method of interpretation literature
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Cytowanie	Leśniewski M., Pacholarz W.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2018_n1_s35.pdf

Autor	Ilir Kapaj, Maksim Meco, Ilir Tomorri
Tytuł	THE FARM TYPOLOGIES AND ITS PERFORMANCE IN ALBANIA (CASE OF ELBASAN)
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Słowa kluczowe	Elbasani region, farm typology, farm performance
Key words
Abstrakt	The aim of this paper is to determine the farm typology in Elbasan region and orient policy maker’s agriculture support scheme. Albania is divided into 12 regions and 61 municipality. Region of Elbasan is one of the intermediate ones4 and consists of 4 districts (district of Elbasan, Gramsh, Librazhd and Peqin). Elbasan ranked third by the availability of agricultural land in the country after Fier and Korca (72,872 ha or 10.4% of the agricultural land area at country level). Despite the size of the agricultural land area, it should be considered that a good part of it lies in hilly and mountainous part especially in Librazhd and Gramsh districts. Besides construction and development services, there is observed a growing trend of agricultural activity especially in terms of olive and vegetables cultivation in open field and greenhouses. In this region operate about 32,439 farms. The average farm family size is 4.9 persons, while the national average farm size is 4.5 persons (MAFCP, 2012). The farm typology was determined using nine indicators. Based on these indicators are identified the following type of cluster/typology for Elbasani district: poly-culture for market; livestock; leisure farms; fruit trees; arable crop farm; self-sufficiency. The farm performance was determined using factors productivity which reveals that farms that belong to the poly-culture for market, livestock and self-sufficient clusters are performing better than other clusters.
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Cytowanie	Kapaj I., Meco M., Tomorri I.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s59.pdf

Autor	Robert Nowacki
Tytuł	USE OF ICT SERVICES AT FOOD PROCESSING ENTERPRISES AND THE INFORMATION SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT
Title
Słowa kluczowe	food processing, ICT, ICT services, information society
Key words
Abstrakt	The aim of the article is to analyse the scale of use and to assess the services related to modern information and communication technologies at food processing enterprises and to identify the dependencies between the obtained indices and the features characterising the entities surveyed. The grounds for considerations are findings of the surveys with 201 managers of enterprises of this sector, differentiated in terms of size. The analysis comprised the three areas of ICT services: telecommunications services, services related to software and consultancy in the IT area, and information-related services. The results indicate a wide scope of the use of ICT services – telecommunication services are used by all the entities surveyed, those related to software and consultancy – by three quarters, while information-related services – by almost 60%. In case of all entities there are noted growing outlays on their application, justified, on the one side, by the demand, and, on the other side, by high appraisals of their quality and up-to-datedness (more than 70% of indications) as well as their impact on competitiveness of the entities using them (percentages at the level of more than 60%). It must be said that there occur quite big differences in the indices obtained, due to the features of the enterprises in question. Most often statistically significant dependencies appear in case of information-related services – they are determined by the size of enterprises and the origin of their capital. In case of the services related to software and IT consultancy, the said dependencies also concern the enterprises’ size and, additionally, the range of their activities. Definitely most seldom the statistically significant dependencies occur in case of telecommunication services.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Nowacki R.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s51.pdf