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Autor	Anna Gąsiorek-Kowalewicz, Piotr Kułyk
Tytuł	Rozwój zielonej gospodarki w krajach Grupy Wyszehradzkiej
Title	Development of the Green Economy on the Example of the Visegrad Group
Słowa kluczowe	zielona gospodarka, Grupa Wyszehradzka, wskaźniki pomiaru, elementy zielonej gospodarki
Key words	green economy, elements of green economy, indicators of monitoring, Visegrad countries
Abstrakt	Zmiany zachodzące w gospodarce światowej, a w szczególności relacje między aspektami ekonomicznymi, środowiskowymi, społecznymi czy politycznymi stały się punktem wyjścia do rozważań nad ścieżką rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego. Za jedno z nowych podejść, uznać można koncepcję - green economy. Wzrost znaczenia tego podejścia upatruje się w rosnących ograniczeniach utrzymania długofalowego wzrostu w tradycyjnym podejściu zgodnie z modelem Solowa i występowania okresowo znacznych odchyleń uzyskiwanych wyników rocznych od stanu równowagi. Odnosząc się do tego problemu za cel artykułu przyjęto wskazanie uwarunkowań rozwoju zielonej gospodarki w krajach Grupy Wyszehradzkiej. W celu identyfikacji oraz określenia oddziaływania poszczególnych czynników ekonomicznych, społecznych i środowiskowych na rozwój sektora zielonej gospodarki zastosowano regresję panelową. Zakres czasowy obejmuje lata 2004-2016. Ze względu na brak uniwersalnej metody oceny stopnia rozwoju tej koncepcji, przeprowadzone badanie może być uznane za jedną z propozycji w ramach przedmiotu literatury. Uzyskane w ten sposób wyniki mogą służyć do interpretacji uwarunkowań rozwoju zielonej gospodarki.
Abstract	Changes in the world economy, and in particular relations between the economic, environmental, social and political aspects, have become the starting point for reflection on the path of socio-economic development. One of the new approaches is the green economy. The importance of this approach is reflected in the growing constraints to sustain long-term growth in the traditional approach according to the Solow model and the occurrence of periodic significant deviations from the state of equilibrium. Referring to this problem, the aim of the article was to indicate the determinants of the green economy development in the Visegrad Group countries. Panel regression was used to identify and characterize the nature and impact of individual economic, social and environmental factors on the development of the green economy sector. Time range covers the years 2004-2016. Due to the lack of a universal method for evaluating the degree of development of this concept, the study conducted may be considered one of the proposals within the literature. The results obtained in this way can be used to interpret the determinants of green economy development.
Cytowanie	Gąsiorek-Kowalewicz A., Kułyk P. (2018) Rozwój zielonej gospodarki w krajach Grupy Wyszehradzkiej .Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 2: 193-206
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n2_s193.pdf

Autor	Magdalena Lampart, Mateusz Mierzejewski
Tytuł	Analysis of Business Cycles in the Breeding of Pigs, Cattle and Poultry and their Relationship to the Causality of Wheat and Rye Cultivation in Poland
Title	Analysis of Business Cycles in the Breeding of Pigs, Cattle and Poultry and their Relationship to the Causality of Wheat and Rye Cultivation in Poland
Słowa kluczowe	pork cycle, hog cycle, agribusiness, breeding, cycles
Key words	pork cycle, hog cycle, agribusiness, breeding, cycles
Abstrakt	The article presents a study on the phenomenon of pig gaps in the perspective of pig, cattle, and poultry farming in Poland. The work attempts to define the phenomenon itself as well as to show the reasons for its occurrence and significance for the Polish economy. The study used a cross-spectral analysis, which indicated cyclical relationships and shifts between the studied time series. The methodology of the work was based on a simplified spectral analysis, i.e. the use of the square of coherence, spectral density and phase spectrum. In addition, the article uses a comparative method for selected production volumes. The results were analyzed in the context of occurrence of pig cycles for breeding and cultivation. The study showed the occurrence of the relationship between pig breeding and wheat and rye cultivation.
Abstract	The article presents a study on the phenomenon of pig gaps in the perspective of pig, cattle, and poultry farming in Poland. The work attempts to define the phenomenon itself as well as to show the reasons for its occurrence and significance for the Polish economy. The study used a cross-spectral analysis, which indicated cyclical relationships and shifts between the studied time series. The methodology of the work was based on a simplified spectral analysis, i.e. the use of the square of coherence, spectral density and phase spectrum. In addition, the article uses a comparative method for selected production volumes. The results were analyzed in the context of occurrence of pig cycles for breeding and cultivation. The study showed the occurrence of the relationship between pig breeding and wheat and rye cultivation.
Cytowanie	Lampart M., Mierzejewski M. (2018) Analysis of Business Cycles in the Breeding of Pigs, Cattle and Poultry and their Relationship to the Causality of Wheat and Rye Cultivation in Poland.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 2: 218-227
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n2_s218.pdf

Autor	Abhishek Pagare, Maria Parlińska
Tytuł	Food Losses and Food Waste Versus Circular Economy
Title	Food Losses and Food Waste Versus Circular Economy
Słowa kluczowe	food, circular economy, waste and food waste, food losses
Key words	food, circular economy, waste and food waste, food losses
Abstrakt	The article aims to introduce the issue of food waste and all attempts to prevent action. Business and politics are almost interdependent, and any discussion of an economic nature is not complete without a political contribution. The role of politics and politicians in shaping economic activities was and is widely discussed. In the article, there will be a discussion on the problems of food losses and waste in Poland as the member of EU and in India. The idea of the topic came during the tenure of collaboration between representatives of both departments. Conclusions of the study found some similarities and a lot of differences between the countries. Studies have shown that negative attitude of house-hold towards food waste is not frequently reflected in consumers’ behavior, despite their fundamental knowledge on how to reduce food waste. Properly selected and presented information will stimulate both consumer’s attitude and behavior.
Abstract	The article aims to introduce the issue of food waste and all attempts to prevent action. Business and politics are almost interdependent, and any discussion of an economic nature is not complete without a political contribution. The role of politics and politicians in shaping economic activities was and is widely discussed. In the article, there will be a discussion on the problems of food losses and waste in Poland as the member of EU and in India. The idea of the topic came during the tenure of collaboration between representatives of both departments. Conclusions of the study found some similarities and a lot of differences between the countries. Studies have shown that negative attitude of house-hold towards food waste is not frequently reflected in consumers’ behavior, despite their fundamental knowledge on how to reduce food waste. Properly selected and presented information will stimulate both consumer’s attitude and behavior.
Cytowanie	Pagare A., Parlińska M. (2018) Food Losses and Food Waste Versus Circular Economy.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 2: 228-237
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n2_s228.pdf

Autor	Jarosław Gołębiewski
Tytuł	Zmiany na rynku energii odnawialnej w Unii Europejskiej w kontekście strategii cyrkularnej biogospodarki
Title	Changes in the market of energy from renewable sources in the UE under the conditions of the strategy of circular bioeconomy
Słowa kluczowe	gospodarka o obiegu zamkniętym, bioenergia, odpady
Key words	circular economy, bioenergy, waste
Abstrakt	Zwiększające się wraz z rozwojem cywilizacyjnym zapotrzebowanie na energię, przy wyczerpywaniu się jej tradycyjnych zasobów – głównie paliw kopalnych oraz towarzyszący ich zużyciu wzrost zanieczyszczenia środowiska naturalnego, powodują zwiększenie zainteresowania wykorzystaniem energii ze źródeł odnawialnych. W opracowaniu dokonano oceny zmian w produkcji i zużyciu energii ze źródeł odnawialnych w warunkach rozwoju cyrkularnej biogospodarki. Przedstawiono ogólną strukturę rynku energii, a następnie przeanalizowano znaczenie bioenergii, pozostałych OZE i energii pochodzącej z odpadów w systemie energetycznym UE. Badania wykazały, że dotychczasowa polityka UE przyniosła znaczący wzrost wykorzystania odnawialnych źródeł energii w strukturze produkcji i zużycia energii w UE. Stwierdzono także, że wykorzystanie odpadów w produkcji energii jest w UE niskie i znacznie zróżnicowane między poszczególnymi krajami członkowskimi.
Abstract	The study evaluates changes in the production and consumption of energy from renewable sources in the conditions of the development of circular bioeconomy. The general structure of the energy market was presented and then the importance of bioenergy, other renewable energy sources and energy from waste in the EU energy system was analyzed. Research shows that the current EU policy has brought a significant increase in the use of renewable energy sources in the structure of energy production and consumption in the EU. It was also found that the use of waste in energy production in the EU is low and significantly diversified in individual member states.
Cytowanie	Gołębiewski J. (2018) Zmiany na rynku energii odnawialnej w Unii Europejskiej w kontekście strategii cyrkularnej biogospodarki.Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 105, z. 2: 82-92
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2018_n2_s82.pdf

Autor	Irena Łącka
Tytuł	Działalność innowacyjna i inwestycje w maszyny i urządzenia w przemyśle spożywczym w Polsce a wyzwania współczesnej gospodarki
Title	INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY AND INVESTMENTS IN MACHINES AND DEVICES IN POLISH FOOD INDUSTRY challeng of the modern economy
Słowa kluczowe	przemysł spożywczy, wyzwania, działalność innowacyjna, inwestycje, innowacje
Key words	food industry, challenges, innovation activity, investments, innovations
Abstrakt	Przemysł spożywczy w Polsce staje wobec wyzwań wynikających z obecnych i przyszłych przemian w gospodarce światowej, m.in. potrzeby optymalizacji procesów wytwórczych, zwiększenia efektywności wykorzystania zasobów, rozwiązania problemów kadrowych, wdrażania innowacji i postępu technicznego. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie działalności innowacyjnej przedsiębiorstw tego sektora w latach 2010-2016 ze wskazaniem tendencji w tym zakresie. Ocena inwestycji w maszyny i urządzenia miała na celu ocenę stanu i perspektyw wdrażania postępu technicznego. Badania wykazały, że większość podmiotów przemysłu spożywczego jest jeszcze słabo przygotowana do wyzwań nowej gospodarki. Wskazują na to niskie nakłady na działalność innowacyjną przedsiębiorstw, struktura tych nakładów, a także wyniki działalności w badanym okresie. Z badań wynika, że producenci artykułów spożywczych i napojów zwiększyli inwestycje w maszyny i urządzenia w celu poprawy efektywności wykorzystania zasobów i modernizacji parku maszynowego.
Abstract	Polish food industry challenges result from current and future changes in world’s economy i.e. the need of the optimization of manufacturing process, the increase of effectiveness of the use of resources, solving the personnel problems together and implementing innovations and technical progress. The aim of the article was to present the innovative activity of companies of this sector in years 2010-2016 with indicating tendencies in this scope. The analysis of investments in machines and devices aimed at evaluation of condition and prospects of technical progress of entities in food industry. The research has shown that the majority of this sector is weakly prepared to facing the challenges of new economy. This is indicated by low expenditures into the innovative activity of entities, the structure of those expenditures as well as results of activities during examined period. The analysis of the statistical data have shown that during this tested time the producers of food products and beverages have increased their investment in machines and devices in order to increase their effectiveness of the use of resources and modernize their machinery. During the research following methods were used: study of national and foreign literature, comparative analysis and elements of descriptive statistics. To analyze the innovative activity and investments of entities in machines and devices the data of public statistics was used.
Cytowanie	Łącka I. (2018) Działalność innowacyjna i inwestycje w maszyny i urządzenia w przemyśle spożywczym w Polsce a wyzwania współczesnej gospodarki.Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 105, z. 2: 93-109
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2018_n2_s93.pdf

Autor	Piotr Adamczyk
Tytuł	Ocena zmian liczby pracujących na obszarach wiejskich województwa mazowieckiego
Title	The assessment of the employment changes in rural areas of Mazowieckie voivodship
Słowa kluczowe	pracujący, analiza przesunięć udziałów, efekt strukturalny, efekt konkurencyjny
Key words	employed persons, shift-share analysis, sectoral-mix effect, competitive effect
Abstrakt	Celem opracowania była ocena zmian liczby pracujących na obszarach wiejskich województwa mazowieckiego. Wykorzystując metodę przesunięć udziałów, dokonano dekompozycji tempa zmian liczby pracujących w poszczególnych powiatach na efekty strukturalne i konkurencyjne. Analiza dotyczyła lat 2006–2016. Stwierdzono, że wzrost liczby pracujących w większości powiatów województwa mazowieckiego to przede wszystkim efekt poprawy konkurencyjności gospodarki lokalnej. W jednostkach charakteryzujących się dużym udziałem sektora rolniczego w strukturze pracujących tempo zmian było relatywnie małe.
Abstract	The aim of this paper was to assess the changes in employment in rural areas of Mazowieckie voivodship in the period 2006–2016. The author used shift-share analysis to decompose the employment growth in poviats into sectoral-mix effect and competitive effect. The results shows that in the majority of poviats the number of employed persons has grown as the competitiveness of local economy improved. In poviats with a high share of agricultural sector in the structure of employed persons the growth rate was relatively low.
Cytowanie	Adamczyk P. (2018) Ocena zmian liczby pracujących na obszarach wiejskich województwa mazowieckiego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 123: 5-16
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2018_n123_s5.pdf

Autor	Mariusz Chądrzyński
Tytuł	Poziom innowacyjności przedsiębiorstw w polskiej gospodarce ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem przemysłu spożywczego
Title	The level of innovativeness of enterprises in the polish economy with particular emphasis on the food industry
Słowa kluczowe	innowacje, działalność innowacyjna, przedsiębiorstwo, przemysł spożywczy
Key words	innovations, innovative activity, enterprise, food industry
Abstrakt	Celem opracowania było określenie ekonomicznych aspektów związanych z działalnością innowacyjną przedsiębiorstw działających w polskiej gospodarce ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem przemysłu spożywczego w latach 2004–2016. Zostało ono sporządzone na podstawie źródeł wtórnych pochodzących z publikacji GUS. W analizowanym okresie wystąpiła tendencja wzrostowa wysokości ponoszonych nakładów na działalność innowacyjną średniorocznie w przedsiębiorstwach ogółem o 5,7%, przetwórstwie przemysłowym o 3,2% a w przemyśle spożywczym o 3,9%. W przypadku stopnia odnowienia tendencja spadkowa była znacząca i wyniosła odpowiednio 57, 54 i 59%. W przypadku udziału przedsiębiorstw innowacyjnych w liczbie przedsiębiorstw ogółem wystąpiła względna stabilizacja. Występowała umiarkowana lub słaba zależność między analizowanymi parametrami ekonomicznymi.
Abstract	The aim of the study was to determine the economic aspects related to the innovative activity of enterprises operating in the polish economy, with particular emphasis on the food industry in the years 2004–2016. It was prepared on the basis of secondary sources originating from the GUS publication. In the analyzed period, there was an upward trend in the amount of expenditures on innovative activity incurred on year average in enterprises in total by 5.7%, in industrial processing by 3.2% and in the food industry by 3.9%. For the renewal rate, the downward trend was significant and amounted to 57, 54 and 59% respectively. In the case of the participation of innovative enterprises in the total number of enterprises, there was a relative stabilization. There was a moderate or weak relationship between the analyzed economic parameters.
Cytowanie	Chądrzyński M. (2018) Poziom innowacyjności przedsiębiorstw w polskiej gospodarce ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem przemysłu spożywczego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 124: 15-27
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2018_n124_s15.pdf

Autor	Łukasz Grzęda
Tytuł	Determinants of the development of the Mazowieckie Province in 2007-2016
Title
Słowa kluczowe	region, regional economy, determinants of regional development
Key words
Abstrakt	The article presents the results of the analysis of factors influencing the development of the Mazowieckie Province (Masovia) in the years 2007–2016. Data for the study were collected from the Central Statistical Office and Statistical Yearbooks of the Mazowieckie Province. The results indicate that the level of development of Masovia is considerably higher than of other provinces in the country. At the end of the analyzed period, in Masovia the GDP per capita was almost twice as high as the national average. Masovia held the highest share in Poland’s GDP (22%). Important factors positively affecting the development of Masovia are: positive population growth and improving demographic situation, and broad access to telecommunications. Additional factors of the dynamic Masovia’s development are: extensive transportation infrastructure (104.3 km per 100 km2) and high number of students (236.5 thousand) and college graduates (60.8 thousand) who constitute the future substantive resources of the province’s economy.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Grzęda Ł.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2018_n2_s65.pdf

Autor	Tomasz Siudek, Aldona Zawojska
Tytuł	THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM’S EXIT FROM THE EUROPEAN UNION ON THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY
Title
Słowa kluczowe	Brexit, European Union, Common Agricultural Policy
Key words
Abstrakt	The two-year Brexit process, formally initiated on March 2017, is coming to an end, intensifying public discussions and concerns about the future of the EU, including the community budget and policies. This paper articulates the likely implications of the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the EU on the Common Agricultural Policy using a political economy approach. It focuses on the budgetary and agricultural trade consequences of the Brexit for the EU remaining member states. The European Commission’s proposed reduction by 5% of the CAP budget for 2021–2027 is one of the first Brexit consequences that potentially can result in a decline in EU farm incomes. The leaving the single market and customs union by the UK, traditionally taking a liberal market position, will probably affect not only the CAP, but also agricultural policies amongst WTO and G20 member countries. With lack of some kind of free trade agreement between the UK and the EU, agri-food net exports from the EU27 to the UK will decrease.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Siudek T., Zawojska A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s201.pdf

Autor	Tsvihun Inna
Tytuł	SOCIAL-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL TERRITORIES OF POLAND AND UKRAINE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	rural areas, depopulation, birth rate, mortality, population structure, aging
Key words
Abstrakt	Rural areas are an important component of the national economy and perform the following functions: efficient and competitive production; rational saving and protection of natural resources; assistance to rural population expanded reproduction; insurance of employment, proper level and quality of life as well as the revival of historical and the formation of new cultural traditions. The aim of the study is to assess the sociodemographic development of rural areas of the Ukraine and Poland and to identify common and distinctive features of their development. In order to assess the level of rural area development, the following indicators were used: rural population size and structure, fertility, mortality and expected life expectancy of the rural population. The aim of the study is to assess trends in the development of demographic processes and to develop proposals for the sustainable development of Ukrainian rural areas, taking into account the experience of Poland.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Inna T.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s294.pdf

Autor	Bartłomiej Bajan, Aldona Mrówczynska-Kamińska
Tytuł	GLOBAL DIFFERENCES IN LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN THE AGRIBUSINESS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	agribusiness, labour productivity, economic growth
Key words
Abstrakt	The purpose of this paper is to assess the global differences in labour productivity in the agribusiness. The relationship between a country’s economic development level (measured as GDP per capita) and labour productivity in the agriculture and across the entire agribusiness was measured in 39 countries around the world (which are entered to the World Input-Output Database and for which the relevant I/O tables were prepared) in 2000 and 2014. The input-output analysis, employed as the main research method, enabled the calculation of value added in the agriculture and elsewhere in the agribusiness. The results suggest the existence of a positive linear association between agribusiness labour productivity and economic development level, as corroborated by previous observations. In turn, two separate groups are noticeable in the relationship between agricultural labour productivity and the level of development of a country. In the first group of countries, agricultural labour productivity grows fast as the economy grows whereas in the second group, the growth rate of labour productivity clearly decreases as the economy grows. This study is a part of the discussion on the global agricultural development model which, on the one hand, calls for increasing the productivity of agricultural labour and, on the other, shows a need to reduce environmental degradation.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Bajan B., Mrówczynska-Kamińska A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s191.pdf

Autor	Marta Domagalska-Grędys
Tytuł	EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION AND EDUCATION IN COOPERATION BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS MAINTAINING CONSERVATIVE BREED ANIMALS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	cooperation goals, knowledge exchange and education, livestock conservative breeds, principal component analysis (PCA)
Key words
Abstrakt	The development by means of cooperation, an exchange of knowledge and education is of crucial importance in the contemporary knowledge-based economy. The goal of the study was to determine important goals in cooperation with regard to the scope of knowledge and education of agricultural holdings maintaining conservative breed animals in the region of fragmented agriculture (South-Eastern Poland). The studied entities contribute to an increased biodiversity and maintenance of small agricultural holdings. The conditions of cooperation basing on an exchange of knowledge and education are laid down based on the results of a questionnaire study conducted among 145 agricultural holdings and principal component analyses (PCA). The evaluation of the exchange of knowledge and education varied within the industry. The highest degree of approval for the exchange of knowledge and education was among breeders of pigs and cows, the lowest among sheep breeders. It was demonstrated that participation in fairs and trainings improved the evaluation of analysed cooperation.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Domagalska-Grędys M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s81.pdf

Autor	Irina Pilvere, Aleksandra Rizojewa-Silava, Sandija Zeverte-Rivza
Tytuł	AGRICULTURE MODELLING IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Title
Słowa kluczowe	agriculture, simulation, models, system
Key words
Abstrakt	Agriculture is an important sector of the national economy. Modelling in agriculture is extensively used to evaluate and simulate the development of this industry. There are two main purposes for the development of agricultural models: to develop a scientific understanding of a particular system and obtain information in order to justify agricultural policy decisions and predict their implications. The purpose of this study is to analyse the models used in agriculture in the European Union (EU). To reach these purposes, the following research tasks were set: (1) to analyse the theoretical aspects of simulation modelling; (2) to explore the key agricultural simulation models employed in the EU. The research found that simulation modelling is often used in agriculture by policy makers. There are eight key models of different complexity which are being used to predict the development of the agricultural sector in the EU.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Pilvere I., Rizojewa-Silava A., Zeverte-Rivza S.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s45.pdf

Autor	Tomasz Pawlonka
Tytuł	BEHAVIOURAL FINANCE IN AGRIBUSINESS – THE BIRTH OF A CONCEPT
Title
Słowa kluczowe	homo oeconomicus, rationality, agriculture, speculative motif
Key words
Abstrakt	Up until now, a model approach has constituted the core of mainstream economics with regard to the decision maker and decision-making conditions. The financial (and economic) crises appearing with increased frequency and numerous market anomalies, although considered predictable by economists and being only a residual component of econometric models, are related to the growing financialization of the economy and an existing asymmetry of information in the absence of full decision-maker rationality. The importance of the psychological characteristics of individuals, their knowledge, the level of trust and priorities, recognized more and more commonly in economic practice, make it necessary to conduct research to identify ‘difficult quantifiable’ characteristics of decision-makers, including their purely economic considerations. (as a supplement to previous economic considerations, including the inclusion of new variables to econometric models that have been in operation for years). The aim of the study was to systematize the evolution of the homo oeconomicus concept along with an indication of further possible directions in its development. A survey of behavioural finance in relation to agribusiness has also been reviewed, which is a perfect example of the evolution of mainstream economics.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Pawlonka T.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s389.pdf

Autor	Marian Podstawka
Tytuł	FINANCIAL AID FOR POLISH AGRICULTURE AND CHANGES IN ITS SHARE IN THE STRUCTURE OF AGRIBUSINESS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	agribusiness, financial aid, agriculture
Key words
Abstrakt	The study presents the share of agriculture in the structure of agribusiness and presents the forms of support it uses. It was found that agribusiness is characterized by dynamic changes. Against the background of the national economy, its share in labour resources, fixed assets, investment outlays and output and its gross added value is decreasing. As part of Polish agribusiness, agriculture has the dominant share. There is considerable support for agriculture with EU and national financial aid. The largest share of domestic aid constituted subsidies for investment loans and working capital loans.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Podstawka M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s343.pdf

Autor	Pavlina Fugelo, Svitlana Savitska
Tytuł	ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF INVESTMENT ACTIVITY OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES IN THE UKRAINE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	investment, investment activity, agricultural enterprises
Key words
Abstrakt	The article specifies that intensive development of the economy can be achieved by attracting and effectively using investment resources. Based on the indicator of the level of investment sufficiency, it was established that, in the period under review, the level of investment adequacy in the country is less than the established ‘threshold’ value, which indicates a shortage of investment funds. The study analysed the dynamics of investment attraction in agriculture. It was found that the main source of financing for investment is own funds of enterprises and organizations. However, they are too insufficient to ensure the intensive development of the economy. An analysis of growth dynamics of the total volume of investment in agricultural enterprises per 100 ha of agricultural land and their financial provision was carried out. Research showed that the increase in the value of fixed assets is more intensive than the increase in the inflow of investment in fixed assets, which indicates additional sources of growth in the value of fixed assets. It was noted that the potential sources of investment resources should be the funds of foreign investors, which currently stand at an extremely low growth level. A number of negative factors influencing the process of attracting foreign direct investment were identified. The main current requirements of the Ukraine in the process of integration into the world economic space, is the formation of a mechanism of investment activity, an important component of which is the mechanism of investment provision.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Fugelo P., Savitska S.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s303.pdf

Autor	Malgorzata Lechwar, Malgorzata Leszczynska, Katarzyna Puchalska
Tytuł	RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AS A DETERMINANT OF THE MODERN ECONOMY – POLISH HOUSEHOLD SECTOR PERSPECTIVE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	renewable energy sources, economy, households
Key words
Abstrakt	The main purpose of the article is to present changes in the acquisition and use of energy from renewable sources by households in Poland. The role of this sector in total energy consumption was indicated. Changes in energy expenditure in households were also assessed. Secondary data from public statistics were used. The household sector in Poland is characterized by the highest energy consumption in the structure of final energy consumption in the national economy, and energy expenditure is an important expenditure item in the household budget.. The amount of costs related to RES investment is a significant barrier to household expenditure. However, this investment should be seen as a means of reducing the share of energy costs in the home budget in a long-term perspective.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Lechwar M., Leszczynska M., Puchalska K.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s275.pdf

Autor	Yuriy Klapkiv, Yaroslav Kostetskyi, Petro Putsenteilo
Tytuł	MODERN CHALLENGES OF AGRARIAN BUSINESS IN UKRAINE ON THE WAY TO EUROPE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	agrarian sector, agro-industrial complex, agricultural enterprises, institutional structures, EU, economic policy, export
Key words
Abstrakt	It is established that the Ukrainian agrarian sector in recent years suffered quite serious reformational impacts on the institutional environment of the functioning of economic actors, in particular the influence of regulators on the transformation of agricultural development. It is substantiated that under institutional transformations it is appropriate to understand the changes that occur as part of the creation of new rules of conduct of participants, containing a specific mechanism for ensuring compliance with these rules, as well as improving organizational and economic regulators within the existing set of rules for all participants It is determined that the institutional system is a structured set of interrelated informal rules that determine, on the one hand, a system of incentives for increasing the efficiency of interaction between subjects of the agrarian economy, and, on the other hand, restricts the activities of economic agents, which create a certain framework for implementation their target functions in accordance with the law and public interests.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Klapkiv Y., Kostetskyi Y., Putsenteilo P.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s250.pdf

Autor	Aneta Becker, Jarosław Becker
Tytuł	REGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF POLAND IN TERMS OF THE DEGREE OF DIGITAL EXCLUSION OF HOUSEHOLDS IN 2017
Title
Słowa kluczowe	ICT, digital divide, households, ELECTRE TRI
Key words
Abstrakt	Nowadays, the digital economy plays a significant role in economic life. It is determined by the intensive development of modern ICT (Information and Communication Technology). Thus, the importance of the information society using techniques of information communication and processing that arose from the connection of other households is increasing. These households participate and form the basis for the process of creating social capital. Therefore, it seems interesting to examine the socio-economic space of Polish households due to the existence of disproportions in ICT development. The article presents the results of the classification of Polish voivodeships in terms of the degree of digital exclusion understood as lack of access or the ability to use ICT in households in 2017. The research used the ELECTRE TRI method, which is an example of a multicriteria decision support method used to classify decision variants based on a relationship of exceedance. The obtained results allowed for the identification of regions that are characterized by the highest degree of exclusion of digital households (the lowest use of ICT). This group includes the following provinces: Podlasie, Lublin and Lubusz. Into the analyses carried out additionally and deliberately introduced the region of Masovia Province without the capital city and separately the region of Warsaw (the capital city), which clearly different from other units. Thus, it served as a reference point in the study, which represents highly urbanized areas of voivodeships characterized by a low degree of digital exclusion.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Becker A., Becker J.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s306.pdf

Autor	Przemysław Suchodolski
Tytuł	OVERVIEW OF ECONOMICAL THEORETICAL CONCEPTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY RESEARCH OF STATE FORESTS NATIONAL FOREST HOLDING
Title
Słowa kluczowe	State Forest National Forest Holding, economic efficiency, monopoly, transaction costs
Key words
Abstrakt	The State Forests National Forest Holding is responsible for the management of forests owned by the State Treasury. The assessment of the economic effectiveness is difficult due to characteristic of Stare Forests, which is surrounded through legal restrictions. Economic efficiency in relation to National Forest Holding is understood as an activity aimed at achieving the goal by available resources. Evaluation of economic efficiency is based on technical, production and allocation efficiency. Economic theories, most suitable for the specification of National Forest Holding, focus around the New Institutional Economy. Economic concepts which solve sub-problems related to the research, refer to the monopolistic character of the entity and its basic function, that is self-financing.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Suchodolski P.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s175.pdf