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Autor	Iwona Batyk
Tytuł	Zmiany w polskim handlu zagranicznym produktami rolno spożywczymi z Federacją Rosyjską w latach 2006-2015
Title	Changes in Polish Foreign Trade in Agri-Food Products with the Russian Federation in 2006-2015
Słowa kluczowe	Rosja, handel zagraniczny, produkty rolno-spożywcze, embargo
Key words	Russian Federation, foreign trade, agri-food products, embargo
Abstrakt	Celem artykułu jest wskazanie najważniejszych zmian w polskim handlu zagranicznym produktami rolno-spożywczymi z Federacją Rosyjską w latach 2006-2015. Do weryfikacji celu wykorzystano analizę zmian w czasie oraz analizę struktury handlu zagranicznego produktami rolno-spożywczymi w latach 2006-2015. Artykuł jest wynikiem analizy literatury i opracowań statystycznych. Zastosowane dane pochodzą z Roczników Statystycznych Handlu Zagranicznego. Wymianę handlową towarami rolno-spożywczymi charakteryzuje znaczna przewaga eksportu z Polski do Rosji nad importem. Wartość obrotów istotnie zmniejszyła się po wprowadzeniu w 2014 r. przez Federację Rosyjską ograniczeń w imporcie tych produktów z krajów Unii Europejskiej. Dynamika eksportu do Rosji zależna była od kategorii towarów. Największe zmiany dotyczyły produktów pochodzenia roślinnego i zwierzęcego, ponieważ ich eksport obarczony był wysokim stopniem barier handlowych, wynikających przede wszystkim z sytuacji geopolitycznej. Do poprawy polsko-rosyjskich relacji gospodarczych i handlowych konieczna jest akceptacja przez Rosję norm unijnych na produkcję oraz certyfikację weterynaryjną i fitosanitarną produktów rolno-spożywczych.
Abstract	The aim of the article is to identify the most important changes in Polish foreign trade in agri-food products with the Russian Federation in the years 2006-2015. To verify these shifts, changes over time and the structure of foreign trade in agri-food products in 2006-2015 were analyzed. The value of Poland's foreign trade turnover with Russia, the turnover balance and the share of agri-food products in trade were presented. The value of imports and exports in the categories of agri-food product groups and the dynamics of the import and export of agri-food products was also presented. The article is the result of the analysis of literature and statistical studies. Data from the Statistical Yearbook of Foreign Trade was used. Trade exchange of agri-food products is characterized by an advantage of exports from Poland to Russia. The value of trading these products was reduced after the restrictions of the Russian Federation in 2014 on the import of these products from the EU. The dynamics of exports to Russia were dependent on the category of products. The most significant changes were related to products of plant and animal origin, because their exports depended on trade barriers resulting from the geopolitical situation. To improve Polish-Russian economic and trade relations, Russia must accept EU standards for the production and veterinary and phytosanitary certification of agri-food products.
Cytowanie	Batyk I. (2018) Zmiany w polskim handlu zagranicznym produktami rolno spożywczymi z Federacją Rosyjską w latach 2006-2015.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 1: 23-37
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n1_s23.pdf

Autor	Norbert Szalaty, Monika Wojcieszak, Weronika Wyduba
Tytuł	Wsparcie rolnictwa zrównoważonego w Polsce w ramach PROW 2014-2020 na przykładzie działania rolno-środowiskowo-klimatycznego
Title	Support for Sustainable Agriculture in Poland under RDP 2014-2020 on the Example of Agri-Environmental-Climate Action
Słowa kluczowe	rolnictwo zrównoważone, PROW 2014-2020, ARiMR, producenci
Key words	sustainable agriculture, RDP 2014-2020, ARMA (Agency for Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture), producers
Abstrakt	Producenci rolni chcąc sprostać oczekiwaniom rynku coraz chętniej korzystają z pomocy jaką oferuje Unia Europejka. W artykule podjęto próbę charakterystyki działania rolno-środowiskowo-klimatycznego oraz przedstawiono stan wykorzystania środków unijnych w zakresie działania rolno-środowiskowo-klimatycznego. Jak wynika z przeprowadzonych analiz zauważono, iż analizowane działanie jest ważnym projektem służącym ochronie i zachowaniu naturalnych ekosystemów. Rolnicy chętnie uczestniczą w tym projekcie, gdyż otrzymują płatności w zakresie dwunastu pakietów, które służą ochronie wód, gleb, cennych siedlisk przyrodniczych, klimatu, zagrożonych gatunków ptaków, zwierząt gospodarskich, jak również ochronie różnorodności krajobrazu.
Abstract	Agricultural producers, wishing to meet the expectations of the market, are increasingly eager to take advantage of the assistance offered by the European Union. The article attempts to characterize the agro-environmental and climatic activity and presents the state of use of the EU funds in the scope of the agro-environmental and climatic activity. As the analyses show, the measure under analysis is an important project aimed at protection and preservation of natural ecosystems. Farmers are keen to participate in this project as they receive payments for twelve packages that protect water, soil, valuable natural habitats, climate, endangered bird species, farm animals and landscape diversity.
Cytowanie	Szalaty N., Wojcieszak M., Wyduba W. (2018) Wsparcie rolnictwa zrównoważonego w Polsce w ramach PROW 2014-2020 na przykładzie działania rolno-środowiskowo-klimatycznego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 3: 332-341
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n3_s332.pdf

Autor	Wojciech Florkowski, Anna Klepacka, Katarzyna Wójcik
Tytuł	Issues of Country of Origin, Market Incentives, and Recycling in Opinions of Passive Solar Collector Owners
Title	Issues of Country of Origin, Market Incentives, and Recycling in Opinions of Passive Solar Collector Owners
Słowa kluczowe	renewable energy, survey, rural resident, recycling, Poland
Key words	renewable energy, survey, rural resident, recycling, Poland
Abstrakt	Thermal solar panel installation has been growing in Poland in response to the EU policies and available subsidies. This paper investigates the attitudes of residents of four counties in Mazowieckie Voividship in Poland about the origin of solar panels. Results show that rural residents did not attach importance to awarding preferences to domestic solar panel producers or to foreign producers in exchange of trade benefits. The recycling of used solar panels concerned a relatively small portion of respondents and seems to justify the passage of regulations obligating the solar panel industry to recycle the used panels.
Abstract	Thermal solar panel installation has been growing in Poland in response to the EU policies and available subsidies. This paper investigates the attitudes of residents of four counties in Mazowieckie Voividship in Poland about the origin of solar panels. Results show that rural residents did not attach importance to awarding preferences to domestic solar panel producers or to foreign producers in exchange of trade benefits. The recycling of used solar panels concerned a relatively small portion of respondents and seems to justify the passage of regulations obligating the solar panel industry to recycle the used panels.
Cytowanie	Florkowski W., Klepacka A., Wójcik K. (2018) Issues of Country of Origin, Market Incentives, and Recycling in Opinions of Passive Solar Collector Owners.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 3: 165-172
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n3_s165.pdf

Autor	Katarzyna Czech
Tytuł	DUTCH DISEASE IN OIL-EXPORTING COUNTRIES: A SURVEY OF THEORY AND EVIDENCE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	Natural resource curse, Dutch disease, oil market
Key words
Abstrakt	Dutch disease phenomenon can be observed in a country that discovers an important and substantial natural resource deposit and starts exporting it on a large scale. In consequence, the country’s currency appreciates reducing competitiveness of its traditional export sector, including agricultural sector. The Dutch disease is considered to be one of the most significant reasons for the natural resource curse. The aim of the paper is to consolidate a growing literature on the Dutch disease and to provide theoretical framework for analysing this phenomenon. It refers to both developed and developing oil-exporting countries. The paper stresses the fact that the vulnerability to the Dutch disease depends strongly on economic policy, political regime and quality of institutions.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Czech K.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s252.pdf

Autor	Natalia Szubska-Włodarczyk
Tytuł	Strona podażowa rynku biomasy rolnej w województwie łódzkim w opinii rolników
Title	THE SUPPLY SIDE OF AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS MARKET IN LODZ PROVINCE
Słowa kluczowe	polityka klimatyczno-energetyczna UE, odnawialne źródła energii, rynek biomasy rolnej
Key words	EU climate and energy policy, renewable energy resources, agricultural biomass market
Abstrakt	Aktualność problematyki podjętej w opracowaniu wynika zarówno z konieczności zwiększenia bezpieczeństwa energetycznego Polski, jak i jednoczesnej realizacji zobowiązań w ramach prowadzonej przez Unię Europejską polityki klimatyczno-energetycznej. Jednym z jej filarów jest wzrost znaczenia odnawialnych źródeł energii. Celem badań było określenie barier wynikających ze strony podażowej rynku biomasy rolnej w województwie łódzkim. Przeprowadzony wywiad kwestionariuszowy pozwolił na identyfikację kilku czynników niekorzystnie wpływających na rozwój rynku biomasy rolnej w województwie łódzkim, takich jak organizacja strony logistycznej odbioru surowca, opłacalność sprzedaży czy też brak dostępu do innowacyjnych rozwiązań.
Abstract	International cooperation on climate protection has very strong impact, which translates into increased interest in renewable energy, including biomass. Assuming the regional use of biomass, it may be an important source for energy, taking into account the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of paper was to identify the supply barriers for the agricultural biomass market development in Lodz province. In this case, information obtained from structured interview was used. The main barriers on the supply side include i.e. lack of organized transport, unprofitability of the sales/production, lack of knowledge and access to information about innovative possibilities of energy use of biomass.
Cytowanie	Szubska-Włodarczyk N. (2018) Strona podażowa rynku biomasy rolnej w województwie łódzkim w opinii rolników .Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 105, z. 1: 111-120
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2018_n1_s111.pdf

Autor	Alicja Stolarska
Tytuł	Zmiany dochodów indywidualnych gospodarstw rolnych z dzierżawy ziemi użytkowanej rolniczo w Polsce w latach 2005-2016
Title	CHANGES OF INDIVIDUAL FARMS INCOME OF THE AGRICULTURAL GROUND LEASE IN POLAND IN THE YEARS 2005-2016
Słowa kluczowe	dochód, ziemia rolnicza, rynek prywatny, dzierżawa, zmiany
Key words	income, agricultural land, lease, changes
Abstrakt	W ostatnich latach w Polsce rosną ceny ziemi rolniczej, a maleje jej podaż na rynku prywatnym. Sprzyja to rozwojowi zjawiska dzierżawy, która w wielu krajach europejskich jest podstawą prowadzenia działalności rolniczej. Celem opracowania jest charakterystyka dochodów otrzymywanych przez gospodarstwa indywidualne w Polsce z dzierżawy ziemi użytkowanej rolniczo i zmian dochodów w latach 2005-2016. Podstawę analiz stanowiły jednostkowe dane empiryczne, dane z badań sondażowych przeprowadzanych corocznie przez GUS, a ich uzupełnieniem były dane IERiGŻ-PIB, ANR (obecnie KOWR) i opracowania wtórne GUS. W wyniku badań stwierdzono, że dochody z dzierżaw prywatnych uległy podwojeniu w latach 2005-2016 i stanowiły ważny składnik dochodów korzystających z nich rodzin, ale z deklaracji badanych wynika, że miały one niewielką skalę (przeciętnie 0,3% gospodarstw indywidualnych). Grunty rolne były wydzierżawiane przez małe gospodarstwa, których głównym źródłem utrzymania była praca najemna, czasem za granicą, a kierownicy byli starsi niż przeciętnie. Często sytuacja rodzinna była nieuregulowana (np. starszy rodzic z dorosłym, ale jeszcze samotnym dzieckiem, które jeszcze ostatecznie nie zdecydowało o swej przeszłości), a okresowe wydzierżawienie gruntów pozwalało na podjęcie decyzji o ewentualnej sprzedaży gospodarstwa w późniejszym czasie.
Abstract	In last years, the prices of agricultural land in Poland have been rising, and the supply on the private market is decreasing. This favors the development of the lease phenomenon, which in many European countries is the basis for conducting agricultural activity.The purpose of the article was to characterize the income received by individual farms in Poland, from the lease of agriculture land and their changes in the years 2005-2016. The analysis was based of polls unitary empirical data, carried out annually by the Central Statistical Office, and supplemented by data of Institute of Agricultural Economics (IERiGŻ-PIB), Agricultural Property Agency (currently KOWR) and secondary studies of the Central Statistical Office. As a result of the research, it was found that revenues from private leases doubled in 2005-2016 and constitute an important component of revenues for families using them, but the respondents’ declarations show that they are small (on average 0.3% of individual farms). This is small farms, whose main source of income is wage labor, sometimes abroad, and managers are older than average. Often the family situation is unregulated (eg. an elderly parent with an adult but has not yet decided his past), and a periodic land lease allows for a decision on the possible sale of the farm at a later time.
Cytowanie	Stolarska A. (2018) Zmiany dochodów indywidualnych gospodarstw rolnych z dzierżawy ziemi użytkowanej rolniczo w Polsce w latach 2005-2016 .Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 105, z. 1: 92-100
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2018_n1_s92.pdf

Autor	Paweł Pięta
Tytuł	DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL CAPITAL BY STRENGTHENING OF DIGITAL COMPETENCES AMONG GROUPS EXPOSED TO SOCIAL EXCLUSION
Title
Słowa kluczowe	social capital, key competences, digital competences, digital exclusion, Łowicki county
Key words
Abstrakt	Competitive advantage in the professional market is shaped by the competences possessed, i.e. skills, qualifications, and permissions. One of the eight types of key competences mentioned in the European Union documents is digital competence.It is a collection of knowledge, skills, and rudiments necessary for both, the purposeful point of view and active participation of a given person in social life. The low level of digital competences possessed is particularly visible among groups at risk of digital exclusion, in particular among people living in rural areas, the elderly and people with low education. The difference between people who have access to a computer and the Internet and people who do not have the possibility to use these devices is affected by the dynamic development of information and communication technologies. Digital exclusion is not only the lack of access to the appropriate infrastructure but also the lack of computer and Internet skills. In order to counteract the exclusion of these groups, activities aimed at developing social capital by strengthening digital competences play an important role.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Pięta P.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2018_n1_s73.pdf

Autor	Jarosław Przybytniowski
Tytuł	ECONOMIC KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS AND THE COMPETENCE OF THE YOUNG GENERATION OF THE ŚWIĘTOKRZYSKIE VOIVODESHIP IN THE ACHIEVEMENT OF FINANCIAL STABILITY
Title
Słowa kluczowe	economy knowledge, objective knowledge, economic awareness, subjective knowledge
Key words
Abstrakt	It has been found that the financial education increases substantially the economic knowledge to build awareness and competence of the younger generation and therefore the dissemination of this knowledge. The aim of this paper is to identify the importance of the knowledge economy in the growth of the build awareness and competence of the students in the management of finances in the current, constantly changing environment. Design development was subject to the hypothesis in accordance with that – there is a relationship of the knowledge economy and the increase of awareness and competence of the younger generation in achieving financial stability and their independence. This problem will be implemented using the analysis of the state of the knowledge economy university students of the Świętokrzyskie on individual economic areas. Method applied research area is anonymous questionnaire survey addressed directly using a survey to students study desktop and portable exams I and II degree.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Przybytniowski J.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2018_n1_s89.pdf

Autor	Bożena Freund
Tytuł	INFLUENCE OF COMMUNICATION OF MEDICAL PERSONNEL WITH PATIENTS ON HEALTH CARE UNITS MANAGEMENT PROCESSES
Title
Słowa kluczowe	communication, health care, patients, medical personnel, management
Key words
Abstrakt	A health care is characterised of creating an individual, specific relation between representatives of health care units and patients, which means that not only medical staff professionalism but also an empathetic attitude towards patients are important questions. Literature regarding the issue of communication with patients is growing, there are as well workshops in an effective communication, nevertheless the topic is still of minor importance. Meanwhile, relations between medical personnel and patients may put a major impact on the quality of health care as well as patients satisfaction with medical services, what is important from a management point of view. A proper way of patients’ treatment by medical personnel may result not only in better attitude towards therapy, but also it may influence a more efficient management of health care facilities, as patient satisfied with medical services may recommend an organisation, which may have a positive impact on an institution’s image, allowing a manager to focus on more important aspects of an institution management. For the above reasons it is important to get to know medical personnel’s attitude to developing as well as improving communication skills in order to provide a holistic patients care, what can significantly influence a health care units management. Medical staff communication skills are important not only from a treatment perspective, but they can also be significant from the perspective of health care organisations management. The study material was gathered in the first quarter of 2014. In the final analysis questionnaires from 113 representatives of various medical professions were taken into consideration. The study results show that in the process of medical professionals education there is only a little attention paid to acquiring communication skills regarding communication between a patient and medical personnel. Also, the hypothesis according to which medical personnel is satisfied with communication with patients was confirmed. Furthermore, medical staff agree in stating that they care for a proper communication with patients. Conclusions coming from the study results may define a specific way of health care units management, which should comprise, among others, financial resources for trainings in medical personnel soft skills improvement.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Freund B.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2018_n1_s5.pdf

Autor	Bogdan Klepacki
Tytuł	THE ROLE OF LOGISTIC FOR POLISH ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT
Title
Słowa kluczowe	logistics, transport infrastructure, storage, Logistic Performance Index (LPI)
Key words
Abstrakt	One of the most important sectors currently determining the economic situation of countries, regions, including rural areas and enterprises is logistics. The study presents the directions of the impact of logistics on the economy and changes in equipping Poland with more important elements of the logistics infrastructure, namely transport and storage infrastructure. The place of the logistics sector in the national economy was presented, measured by the share of transport, storage, information and communication, against the background of industry, trade and construction, in the creation of the Net Domestic Product. The logistic competitive position of Poland against the background of neighbouring countries was also determined. It was found that it is high, and logistics can be an important factor in the development of the country. The development of logistics at the Faculty of Economic Sciences at SGGW was also presented.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Klepacki B.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s353.pdf

Autor	Tomasz Rokicki
Tytuł	THE ORGANISATION OF TRANSPORT IN THE AGRIBUSINESS SECTOR IN THE RESEARCH OF THE FACULTY OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES OF WULS-SGGW IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Title
Słowa kluczowe	transport cost, agribusiness, food processing, own and external transport
Key words
Abstrakt	Transport is a very important branch of the economy. It was quite well recognized in the case of industry services, however, there have been few studies on transport services provided in the agribusiness sector. This gap was filled by employees of the Faculty of Economic Sciences at WULS-SGGW. The subjects of interest were entities dealing in food processing. The study reviewed research and publications of the Faculty’s employees that were created in the 21st century. The majority of enterprises did not have a separate department dealing with transport. Apart from own transportation, small and micro enterprises also combined their own and external transport means. Forwarding services were used to a small extent in the shipping process organisation. The results of the research at WULS-SGGW and other studies were quite similar.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Rokicki T.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s347.pdf

Autor	Janusz Majewski, Agnieszka Sobolewska
Tytuł	COMPARATIVE LIFECYCLE ASSESSMENT OF APPLE PACKAGING
Title
Słowa kluczowe	environment, packaging, life cycle assessment (LCA)
Key words
Abstrakt	In the paper was presented a comparative analysis of the impact on the environment of the life cycle assessment of boxes made of polypropylene, re-HDPE and cardboard, which are used to transport of dessert apples. For this purpose, the SimaPro 7.1 computer program and attached databases were used. The calculations were made for 48 trading circulations. The obtained results indicate that the biggest negative impact on the environment among the analysed packaging was caused by cardboard boxes. Also packaging from recycled material (re-HDPE) is less friendly to environment than boxes made from new polypropylene. The estimated environmental impact of polypropylene boxes was 4.42 Pt (eco-indicator point), for re- HDPE and cardboard packaging it was 7.5 and 19.7% higher, respectively. The most important factor for the differences between the boxes was the durability of the packaging and the eventual need for multiple repeats of production phase, which include the acquisition of raw materials and processes related to the manufacturing of products.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Majewski J., Sobolewska A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s340.pdf

Autor	Anna Milewska
Tytuł	KNOWLEDGE BASED ECONOMY: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
Title
Słowa kluczowe	knowledge management, shared services centres, business process outsourcing
Key words
Abstrakt	Nowadays, we can observe in different business and academicals environments an ongoing dialog about knowledge – based economy, due to the fact, that economies are increasingly based on knowledge and information. Practically it means, that companies have started looking for answers for plenty important questions – what ‘knowledge’ exactly means and what kind of knowledge is significant from business continuity perspective? What exactly is a driver of productivity and economic growth? Business executives have to face also other challenges: how all this knowledge has to be managed and how to adapt to swiftly changing circumstances? Should it be centralized in shared services centres forms or maybe outsourced based on business process outsourcing strategy? Do companies should establish cooperation with universities or R&D institutes based on the cluster structure? In this article the author will characterized the knowledge as a source of competitiveness, increasing importance of science and try to summarize best practices in that field.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Milewska A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s313.pdf

Autor	Aneta Becker, Jarosław Becker
Tytuł	REGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF POLAND IN TERMS OF THE DEGREE OF DIGITAL EXCLUSION OF HOUSEHOLDS IN 2017
Title
Słowa kluczowe	ICT, digital divide, households, ELECTRE TRI
Key words
Abstrakt	Nowadays, the digital economy plays a significant role in economic life. It is determined by the intensive development of modern ICT (Information and Communication Technology). Thus, the importance of the information society using techniques of information communication and processing that arose from the connection of other households is increasing. These households participate and form the basis for the process of creating social capital. Therefore, it seems interesting to examine the socio-economic space of Polish households due to the existence of disproportions in ICT development. The article presents the results of the classification of Polish voivodeships in terms of the degree of digital exclusion understood as lack of access or the ability to use ICT in households in 2017. The research used the ELECTRE TRI method, which is an example of a multicriteria decision support method used to classify decision variants based on a relationship of exceedance. The obtained results allowed for the identification of regions that are characterized by the highest degree of exclusion of digital households (the lowest use of ICT). This group includes the following provinces: Podlasie, Lublin and Lubusz. Into the analyses carried out additionally and deliberately introduced the region of Masovia Province without the capital city and separately the region of Warsaw (the capital city), which clearly different from other units. Thus, it served as a reference point in the study, which represents highly urbanized areas of voivodeships characterized by a low degree of digital exclusion.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Becker A., Becker J.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s306.pdf

Autor	Tsvihun Inna
Tytuł	SOCIAL-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL TERRITORIES OF POLAND AND UKRAINE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	rural areas, depopulation, birth rate, mortality, population structure, aging
Key words
Abstrakt	Rural areas are an important component of the national economy and perform the following functions: efficient and competitive production; rational saving and protection of natural resources; assistance to rural population expanded reproduction; insurance of employment, proper level and quality of life as well as the revival of historical and the formation of new cultural traditions. The aim of the study is to assess the sociodemographic development of rural areas of the Ukraine and Poland and to identify common and distinctive features of their development. In order to assess the level of rural area development, the following indicators were used: rural population size and structure, fertility, mortality and expected life expectancy of the rural population. The aim of the study is to assess trends in the development of demographic processes and to develop proposals for the sustainable development of Ukrainian rural areas, taking into account the experience of Poland.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Inna T.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s294.pdf

Autor	Anna Mazurkiewicz, Katarzyna Szara
Tytuł	CREATIVITY AS A STIMULANT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE PODKARPACKIE VOIVODESHIP
Title
Słowa kluczowe	creativity, region, development
Key words
Abstrakt	In social and economic development, significance is primarily attributed to endogenous resources. The local conditions should play a key role in it. One of the characteristic features of the region and at the same time a key one is human capital which conditions the occurrence of creative capital. In the paper, creativity – as a resource appropriate to people, a feature of the individual – its potential for creative achievements currently or in the future will be analysed through the prism of creative capital. The aim of the article is to evaluate the conditions for the development of creative capital of the Podkarpackie municipalities in the context of their social and economic development. The evaluation will be made in regard to human resources. In order to achieve the goal of the study, the literature of the subject was analysed, numerical data published by the Central Statistical Office was used, and empirical studies were carried out in the offices of the Podkarpackie municipalities. The results of the conducted research showed that there are conditions favourable to the development of creative capital in the region. The majority of the inhabitants of the Podkarpackie Voivodeship municipalities saw the importance of creativity for the development of the commune.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Mazurkiewicz A., Szara K.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s287.pdf

Autor	Renata Marks-Bielska
Tytuł	Znaczenia ziemi rolniczej w kształtowaniu struktury społecznej polskiej wsi
Title	The importance of agricultural land in the shaping of the social structure of Polish village
Słowa kluczowe	struktura społeczna, ziemia rolnicza, wieś, rolnik
Key words	social structure, agricultural land, village, farmer
Abstrakt	Celem pracy było wskazanie ewolucji znaczenia ziemi w kształtowaniu struktury społecznej. Analizy zagadnienia dokonano na podstawie wybranych pozycji krajowej literatury przedmiotu. Zakres czasowy dotyczy lat 1944–2016. Ziemia pełni ważną funkcję w kształtowaniu struktury społecznej polskiej wsi. Wielkość gospodarstwa była dawniej podstawowym kryterium statusu społecznego na wsi i wśród rolników. Obecnie o miejscu w strukturze społecznej polskiej wsi w wysokim stopniu decyduje również obszar użytkowanej ziemi (w formie własności lub dzierżawy). Zmienia się sytuacja użytkowników ziemi rolniczej. Są nimi bowiem nie tylko osoby identyfi kujące się z zawodem rolnika. W składzie struktury społecznej polskiej wsi znajduje się coraz więcej osób, które w świetle prawa są rolnikami (posiadają wymagany areał gruntów rolnych), ale wieś jest dla nich tylko miejscem zamieszkania. Następną grupę tworzą tzw. nieobecni właściciele, których z wsią łączy posiadanie gruntów rolnych, które traktują często jako lokatę kapitału (wzrost cen gruntów i możliwość otrzymywania dopłat ze środków Unii Europejskiej i z budżetu krajowego). W wyniku transformacji ustrojowej swoje usytuowanie w strukturze społecznej wsi znaleźli także dzierżawcy i nabywcy ziemi przejętej do Zasobu Własności Rolnej Skarbu Państwa po byłych państwowych gospodarstwach rolnych.
Abstract	The aim of the study was to identify the importance of the evolution of land resources in shaping the social structure. The analysis was based on selected references from the Polish literature on the subject. The time range covers the years 1944–2016. Land plays an important role in shaping the social structure of the Polish countryside. The size of a farm used to be the primary criterion for social status in the countryside and among farmers. Currently, a position in the social structure of the Polish rural communities is highly determined by the area of farmed land (owned or leased). The situation of agricultural land users is changing. These are not only people who identify themselves with the profession of a farmer. The social structure composition in the Polish countryside comprises more and more people who are farmers in the light of law (they have the required acreage of agricultural land) but they do not reside in the countryside. Another group consists of so-called absent owners, who are connected with a village by possessing in it some agricultural land, but it is often treated as an investment (an increase in land prices and the possibility of receiving subsidies from the European Union and from the national budget). As a result of Poland’s political transformation, the social structure of rural communities now also comprises leases and buyers of land acquired by the Agricultural Property of the Treasury from former state farms.
Cytowanie	Marks-Bielska R. (2018) Znaczenia ziemi rolniczej w kształtowaniu struktury społecznej polskiej wsi.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 122: 29-41
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2018_n122_s29.pdf

Autor	Magdalena Jaworska
Tytuł	FOOD IMPORTS AND FOOD SECURITY OF MAIN GLOBAL MARKET PLAYERS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	food, food security, importers, international trade
Key words
Abstrakt	The main purpose of this paper was to assess the openness of trade in food products in the context of changes in food security levels. The period covered by this study is 1995–2015. The research was based on outcomes reported by main players of the global market. The basic source of data were online databases and reports. Once collected, the data was analysed with the use of quantitative and qualitative research methods. Selected statistical methods, indices of structure and dynamics, indicators of economic openness and indicators related to three dimensions of security (availability, access and stability) were used. The analysis resulted in numerous conclusions. In the study period, food imports followed a global growth trend with alternating periods of contrasting developments. In the countries covered by this study, the openness of trade in food was higher than that of global imports and followed a growth trend. The singularities of the development of the agri-food sector were reflected in decreasing values of the exports-to-imports ratio, and were decisive for the positive growth rate of per capita agri-food output. According to the analysis of relationships between changes in trade levels and selected food security indicators, imports proved to be positively correlated with physical and economic availability, and negatively correlated with stability. Based on the results, a general conclusion may be drawn that economic growth resulted in structural changes which contributed to improving access to food.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Jaworska M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s245.pdf

Autor	Funda Gencler, Altay Gul, Berna Turkekul
Tytuł	ARE POLAND AND TURKEY RIVALS IN THE EU AGRICULTURAL MARKET?
Title
Słowa kluczowe	Poland, Turkey, competitiveness
Key words
Abstrakt	Poland and Turkey are one of the largest global producers and particularly exporters of fruits. The export is of great importance to domestic producers of these fruits. This paper attempts to assess Polish and Turkish fruit sectors’ competitiveness. For competitive comparison of Poland and Turkey, balance of foreign trade, trade coverage index, share in export and import, specialisation index, relative revealed comparative export advantage index, relative import penetration index, relative trade advantage index were calculated. According to the results, Turkey has shown to have comparative advantage for all periods. In contrast, however, Poland seems to be losing its advantages. Although Poland’s competitiveness is diminishing, Poland enjoys free access to EU market.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Gencler F., Gul A., Turkekul B.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s238.pdf

Autor	Karolina Pawlak
Tytuł	COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES OF THE POLISH AGRI-FOOD SECTOR ON THE US MARKET
Title
Słowa kluczowe	comparative advantage, agri-food products, export, import, Poland, USA
Key words
Abstrakt	The aim of this paper is to identify the level and changes in comparative advantages of the Polish agri-food sector on the US market in 2004–2017. The following indicators were used in the comparative advantage analysis: Balassa’s Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Vollrath’s Revealed Competitiveness (RC), the Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) and the Lafay’s Trade Balance Index (TBI). A product mapping scheme based on the level of comparative advantage (RSCA) and export specialisation (TBI) was made. This study was supplemented with the analysis of values for the trade balance and shares of individual groups of products in the structure of Poland’s exports to the US. The analyses showed that, in the years 2004–2017, Poland attained high comparative advantages in trade with these assortment groups, which were characterised by the relatively highest shares in the structure of exports to the US, as well as generated a high and frequently improving positive trade balance.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Pawlak K.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s223.pdf