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Autor	Waldemar Gostomczyk
Tytuł	System aukcyjny jako nowy sposób wspierania OZE
Title	The Auction System as a New Way to Promote Renewable Energy
Słowa kluczowe	odnawialne źródła energii, system aukcyjny, rynek OZE
Key words	renewable energy sources, auction system, renewable energy market
Abstrakt	W artykule dokonano analizy zarówno obowiązujących, jak i projektowanych aktów prawnych w zakresie promowania i wytwarzania energii ze źródeł odnawialnych. Model gospodarki energetycznej oparty na źródłach odnawialnych różnie jest realizowany w poszczególnych państwach. Przy coraz większym udziale OZE oraz poziomu celów na kolejne lata istotne jest aby osiągnięte zostały one przy jak najniższym koszcie wsparcia ze środków publicznych. Z tego względu wiele państw zdecydowało się na stopniowe przechodzenie na system aukcyjny, dający kontrolę kosztów, struktury i przyrostu mocy nowych instalacji OZE. Problemem badawczym jest ocena skuteczności systemu aukcyjnego na tle dotychczas stosowanych instrumentów, zarówno pod względem przyrostu nowych mocy wytwórczych, jak i kosztów osiągania zamierzonych celów. Zagadnienia te, ze względu na krótki okres funkcjonowania nowego systemu nie zostały jeszcze właściwie rozpoznane. W opracowaniu wykorzystano dane pochodzące z lat 2010-2018. Zakres przestrzenny obejmował głównie Polskę, ale również posłużono się przykładami pochodzącymi z innych państw na świecie. W badaniach i analizach posłużono się metodą porównawczą oraz zestawieniem poszczególnych technologii wytwarzania energii odnawialnej według analizowanych wartości. Przyjęto hipotezę, że system aukcyjny oparty na zasadach konkurencyjnych, skuteczniej i przy niższym wsparciu środków publicznych pozwoli osiągać cele związane z promocją odnawialnych źródeł energii.Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie dotychczasowego i nowego systemu wsparcia OZE, cen uzyskiwanych w aukcjach oraz pierwszych doświadczeń z jego wprowadzenia. Materiałem badawczym były materiały statystyczne Eurostatu i GUS-u, dokumenty Komisji Europejskiej, Ministerstwa Energii, Urzędu Regulacji Energetyki, raporty dotyczące systemów wsparcia z krajów europejskich i Polski. Metody badawcze wykorzystane w pracy to analizy dokumentów, aktów normatywnych, kolejnych nowelizacji ustawy o odnawialnych źródłach energii oraz wydanych na ich podstawie rozporządzeń. Dokonano również oceny i rozpoznanie poziomu wsparcia w systemie aukcyjnym w państwach, które już od wielu lat stosują ten instrument. Analizy te pozwoliły ocenić dotychczasowe efekty przeprowadzonych aukcji, ich zalety i wady, sformułować wnioski w zakresie zmian organizacyjnych zapewniających sprawne funkcjonowanie systemu aukcyjnego.
Abstract	The article analyzes both existing and proposed legal acts in the field of promoting and generating energy from renewable sources. The model of energy management based on renewable sources is implemented differently in individual countries. With the increasing share of renewable energy and the level of objectives for the coming years, it is essential that they are achieved with the lowest possible cost of support from public funds. For this reason, many countries have decided to gradually move to the auction system, giving control over the costs, structure and capacity increase of new RES installations. The research problem is the evaluation of the effectiveness of the auction system against the background of the instruments used so far, both in terms of the increase in new generation capacities and the costs of achieving the intended objectives. These issues, due to the short period of functioning of the new system, have not been properly identified yet. The study uses data from the years 2010-2018. The spatial range was mainly in Poland, but examples from other countries around the world were also used. The research and analysis used a comparative method and a list of individual renewable energy production technologies according to the analyzed values. It has been hypothesized that an auction system based on competitive principles, more effectively and with lower support of public funds will allow for achieving goals related to the promotion of renewable energy sources.The aim of the article is to present the current and new RES support system, prices obtained in auctions and the first experience in its implementation. The research material were Eurostat and GUS statistical materials, documents from the European Commission, the Ministry of Energy, the Energy Regulatory Office, reports on support systems from European countries and Poland. Research methods used in the work include analysis of documents, normative acts, subsequent amendments to the Act on renewable energy sources and regulations issued on their basis. The assessment and recognition of the level of support in the auction system in countries that have been using this instrument for many years was also made. These analyses allowed the assessment of the effects of the auctions carried out, their advantages and disadvantages, and helped formulate conclusions in the field of organizational changes ensuring efficient functioning of the auction system.
Cytowanie	Gostomczyk W. (2018) System aukcyjny jako nowy sposób wspierania OZE.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 3: 113-133
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n3_s113.pdf

Autor	Agnieszka Drzymała
Tytuł	Handel żywnością między UE a Japonią
Title	Food Trade between the European Union and Japan
Słowa kluczowe	współpraca gospodarcza, handel, żywność, Japonia, Unia Europejska
Key words	economic cooperation, trade, food, Japan, EU
Abstrakt	Ważnym zagadnieniem jest handel żywnością w skali świata. Jeśli chodzi o Unię Europejską to posiada ona odpowiednie zasoby wystarczające na pokrycie zapotrzebowania ludności UE na żywność, nadwyżki produkcji własnej może eksportować i wymieniać na inne produkty bądź usługi z innymi krajami. Natomiast egzotyczny dla Europejczyków azjatycki kraj, jakim jest Japonia wydaje się nie być istotnym partnerem pod względem wymiany handlowej żywnością. Celem opracowania jest zaprezentowanie dokładnej analizy wielkości eksportu i importu żywności według nomenklatury SITC oraz HS oraz perspektyw rozwoju wzajemnej współpracy między Unią Europejską a Japonią.
Abstract	Food trade is an important element of the global economy. As far as the European Union is concerned, it has sufficient resources to cover the EU population's demand for food, and it can export and exchange its own excess production for other products or services with other countries. However, Japan does not appear to be a significant partner in terms of food imports and exports. The aim of the study is to present a detailed analysis of the volume of food exports and imports according to the SITC and HS nomenclature and the perspectives for the development of mutual cooperation between the European Union and Japan.
Cytowanie	Drzymała A. (2018) Handel żywnością między UE a Japonią.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 3: 91-101
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n3_s91.pdf

Autor	Agata Marcysiak, Adam Marcysiak
Tytuł	Efektywność wykorzystania zasobów w różnych typach gospodarstwach
Title	EFFECTIVENESS OF RESOURCE USE IN VARIOUS TYPES OF FARMS
Słowa kluczowe	typ rolniczy, produktywność, dochodowość.
Key words	agricultural type, productivity, profitability.
Abstrakt	Typ rolniczy stanowi jedno z kryteriów używanych dla charakteryzowania gospodarstwa rolnego w UE. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest próba ukazania zakresu efektywności wykorzystania zasobów produkcyjnych w różnych typach gospodarstw. Do oceny efektywności gospodarowania w poszczególnych typach gospodarstw posłużono się produktywnością i dochodowością ziemi, pracy i kapitału. Poszczególne wielkości ukazano w przeliczeniu na jedno gospodarstwo w zł. Skalę zróżnicowania przedstawiono w ujęciu procentowym. Przeprowadzona analiza wykazała, iż intensywna produkcja prowadzona w gospodarstwach drobiarskich i ogrodniczych sprawiała, że to właśnie one osiągnęły w 2016 roku najwyższą produktywność i dochodowość ziemi i kapitału.
Abstract	The agricultural type is one of the criteria used to characterize a farm in the EU. The purpose of this study is to show the range of the effectiveness of the use of production resources in various types of farms. The productivity and profitability of land, labor and capital were used to assess the effectiveness of management in particular types of farms. Individual sizes are shown per one household in PLN. The scale of diversification is presented in percentage terms. The analysis carried out showed that intensive production carried out on poultry and horticultural farms made them the most productive and profitable land and capital in 2016.
Cytowanie	Marcysiak A., Marcysiak A. (2018) Efektywność wykorzystania zasobów w różnych typach gospodarstwach .Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 19(68): 122-131
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2018_n68_s122.pdf

Autor	Katarzyna Kita
Tytuł	Zmiany samowystarczalności żywnościowej wybranych krajów azjatyckich
Title	Changes in food self-suffi ciency of selected Asian countries
Słowa kluczowe	samowystarczalność żywnościowa, spożycie produktów rolno-żywnościowych, ryż, ASEAN
Key words	food self-suffi ciency, agri-food consumption, rice, ASEAN
Abstrakt	Celem artykułu jest określenie zmian poziomu samowystarczalności żywnościowej w krajach ASEAN, definiowanej jako relacja między krajowym zużyciem a produkcją z wyodrębnieniem konsumpcji poszczególnych artykułów rolno-spożywczych. Z uwagi na uwarunkowania historyczne, geograficzne i kulturowe ryż jest w centrum zainteresowania rządów krajów ASEAN. Tylko w Tajlandii, Wietnamie i Kambodży wskaźnik samowystarczalności przewyższał 100%. Z kolei we wszystkich krajach członkowskich produkcja zaspokajała potrzeby rynku wewnętrznego w zakresie roślin cukrodajnych. Stosunkowo największe braki w produkcji odnotowano w odniesieniu do mleka. Zaobserwowano także wzrost spożycia produktów rolno-spożywczych zarówno pochodzenia roślinnego (z wyjątkiem zbóż, roślin okopowych), jak i zwierzęcego. Przy czym większą dynamiką charakteryzowała się konsumpcja tych ostatnich. Odnotowany rosnący popyt na produkty pochodzenia zwierzęcego jest efektem szybkiego rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego krajów ASEAN, w ślad za którym następują zmiany w strukturze konsumpcji żywności w kierunku wzorców obserwowanych w krajach rozwiniętych.
Abstract	The aim of the article is to discuss changes food self-sufficiency in ASEAN countries, defined as the proportion of domestic consumption to domestic production. With regard to rice, which due to historical, geographical and cultural conditions is the focus of the governments of all member countries in ASEAN, only in Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia the self-sufficiency rate exceeded 100%. In turn, in all Member States, production has met the needs of the internal markets in the field of sugar crops. Relatively biggest shortages of production were noticed for milk. An increase in the consumption of agri-food products of both vegetable origin and animal products was observed. But the consumption of the latter was more dynamic. The growing demand for products of animal origin is the result of rapid socio-economic development of ASEAN countries, followed by changes in the structure of food consumed towards patterns observed in developed countries.
Cytowanie	Kita K. (2018) Zmiany samowystarczalności żywnościowej wybranych krajów azjatyckich.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 121: 55-70
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2018_n121_s55.pdf

Autor	Krystyna Gutkowska, Sylwia Żakowska-Biemans
Tytuł	Atrybuty zaufania dotyczące jakości jako czynnik wpływający na decyzje nabywcze konsumentów żywności
Title	Credence attributes as a factor infl uencing consumer food purchasing decision
Słowa kluczowe	żywność, konsument, determinanty wyboru, atrybuty zaufania dotyczące jakości, znaki jakości
Key words	food, consumer, choice determinants, credence quality attributes, quality labels
Abstrakt	W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących atrybutów zaufania dotyczących jakości jako czynników wpływających na wybory konsumentów żywności, zrealizowanych wśród 1203 respondentów metodą CAWI. Uzyskane dane wykorzystano w celu identyfikacji segmentów konsumentów o zróżnicowanych determinantach wyboru żywności oraz zainteresowaniu żywnością, której znakowanie wpisuje się w koncepcję atrybutów zaufania dotyczących jakości. Wyniki badań wskazują, że respondenci odnoszą się bardzo pozytywnie do żywności pochodzącej z określonego regionu lub też lokalnej produkcji. W mniejszym stopniu wybory konsumentów są warunkowane atrybutami związanymi z troską o środowisko naturalne i dobrostan zwierząt. Młodzi konsumenci są mniej zainteresowani żywnością regionalną, ale bardziej zwracają uwagę na kwestie dobrostanu zwierząt. Najwyższy poziom znajomości wszystkich spośród badanych znaków jakości odnotowano wśród respondentów przypisanych do segmentu 3, którzy częściej deklarowali regularne zakupy żywności ekologicznej, posiadali wyższy poziom wykształcenia oraz byli skłonni do podejmowania zachowań na rzecz ochrony środowiska i dobrostanu zwierząt, jak również przejawiali zainteresowanie relacją między żywnością i zdrowiem.
Abstract	The paper presents the results of a research on the credence attributes of food as factors influencing consumer food choices using quantitative CAWI survey among 1203 respondents. The data obtained was used to identify consumer segments that differ in terms of their determinants of food choices and interest in food products labelled with reference to the credence quality attributes. The results show that the respondents are very positive about food, coming from a specific region or local production. To a lesser extent, consumer choices are determined by attributes related to the care for the environment and animal welfare. However, younger respondents were more receptive to claims related to animal welfare than regional food. The highest level of familiarity with all of the surveyed labels was noted among respondents assigned to segment 3, who were more often regular organic consumers, better educated, likely to take care for environment, concerned with animal welfare and interested in the relationship between food and health.
Cytowanie	Gutkowska K., Żakowska-Biemans S. (2018) Atrybuty zaufania dotyczące jakości jako czynnik wpływający na decyzje nabywcze konsumentów żywności.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 121: 115-130
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2018_n121_s115.pdf

Autor	Wojciech Józwiak, Zofia Mirkowska, Wojciech Ziętara
Tytuł	ROLE OF LARGER FARMS IN POLAND AND SELECTED EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES IN 2005 AND 2016
Title
Słowa kluczowe	farms, UAA, agricultural production
Key words
Abstrakt	The rates of increase in labour costs in non-agricultural sections and prices of means of production for agriculture, which are higher than selling prices of agricultural products in countries with a market economy have resulted in a decrease in unit profitability of agricultural production. Farmers wishing to obtain a satisfactory income must increase their production scale, mainly by increasing farm area. The study covers two intentionally selected groups of countries differing with regard to economic development specified by gross domestic product (GDP) value per capita. The reason for this selection is the dependence of the farms’ economic strength on the national economy level of analysed countries. The first group of countries with a high level of this indicator (GDP) includes: Denmark, Sweden, Ireland, the Netherlands, Austria, Germany, Belgium, Great Britain and France. The second group covers – Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria. Analyses covered the changes in average farm area, share of farms with an area of 30 ha of UAA or more in the total number of farms, land use, employment and standard production in 2005 and 2016. In both groups, the following increased in the analysed period: the average farm area and share of larger farms in land use and production. In the majority of analysed countries, the share of farms with an area of 100 ha or more, when it comes to production, exceeded 50%.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Józwiak W., Mirkowska Z., Ziętara W.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s28.pdf

Autor	Bazyli Czyżewski, Anna Matuszczak, Andrea Muntean
Tytuł	ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN AGRICULTURE: DIFFERENT WAYS OF QUANTIFICATION
Title
Słowa kluczowe	environmental burden, eco-efficiency, eco-effectiveness, sustainable development, agriculture, EU regions
Key words
Abstrakt	The main goal of the article is to compare three approaches to measuring environmental sustainability in agriculture: (1) environmental burden index, (2) sustainable value of eco-efficient production and (3) sustainable value of eco-effective farm, applied by the authors to the sample of 125 EUFADN regions in 2015. The study indicate a fundamental problem: the notion of environmental sustainability in agriculture differs depending on the criterion we apply. The authors recognized a principle trade-off in CAP which consist of compensating strain on the natural environment with production or with public goods provision. The choice between these two effects is crucial to draw a consistent development path for the Common Agricultural Policy.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Czyżewski B., Matuszczak A., Muntean A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s40.pdf

Autor	Kateryna Voloshchuk, Yuliia Voloshchuk, Vitaliy Voloshchuk
Tytuł	INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	innovation, innovative development, strategy, digital economy
Key words
Abstrakt	It is determined that in economic science there is no single approach to the interpretation of the concept of ‘innovation’. It is suggested that taking into account the radical changes that are in the world economy today it is necessary to use the extended concept of innovation, which should be understood as the results of the development transformation, research, ideas and their combination into a radically new or improved technological, economic, social solution, the results of which can be applied in practice. The main indicators that determine the level of innovation development of a country or region and provide an opportunity to determine the impact on economic development are covered. The place of Ukraine in such ratings according to indicators of innovative development in 2017, 2018 and problems that cause their low level are defined. The improvement directions of the innovative development level of the country are defined and the real steps taken by the government of the country to correct the negative trends through the introduction of digital transformation of the country’s economy, the transition from raw material to high-tech production and the basis of innovative IT technologies and communications are shown.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Voloshchuk K., Voloshchuk Y., Voloshchuk V.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s62.pdf

Autor	Konrad Turkowski
Tytuł	TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE IN POLAND
Title
Słowa kluczowe	aquaculture, adaptation, sustainability
Key words
Abstrakt	In the late 1980s, inland aquaculture in Poland produced about 20 and 4 thousand tonnes of carp and trout, respectively. In 2016, the total volume of the sector’s production increased to over 35 thousand tonnes, including 18 and 16 thousand tonnes of the two species and above 1 thousand tonnes of another fish. This constitutes 94% of total catches of inland fish and about 15% including sea fishing. Globally, roughly 50% of seafood supply is produced by aquaculture, and farmed fish production exceeds that of farmed beef. The EU’s Blue Growth Strategy identifies aquaculture as a sector which could boost economic growth across Europe. The key challenges in the Polish aquaculture sector is significant production growth to 49 thousand tonnes by 2020 and increasing its competitiveness by using resources more effectively, supporting the market by building distribution chains, improving the quality of products and marketing, as well as increasing contribution to environmental protection.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Turkowski K.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s92.pdf

Autor	Vincenzo Allocca, Fulvio Celico, Elisabetta Marzano, Miriam Tramontano
Tytuł	THE GREY WATERFOOTPRINT OF CATTLE GRAZING: A CASE OF STUDY FOR ITALY
Title
Słowa kluczowe	grey water footprint, cattle grazing, microbial contaminant, karst aquifer, southern Apennines, Italy
Key words
Abstrakt	Water footprint accounting has contributed to show that livestock production, and dairy production in particular, have a non-negligible impact in terms of freshwater appropriation (Palhares and Mezzopane, 2015). In this line of research, Allocca et al (2018) have contributed to the scientific debate pointing out that livestock grazing can have a substantial effect in terms of the environment-related grey water footprint (GWFenv) originating from microbial contamination. However, cattle grazing can be a source of contamination also for chemical parameters, precisely nitrate, nitrite and ammonium. Albeit the microbial impact of cattle grazing has been documented by Allocca et al. (2018), they did not take into account possible consequences of the grazing activity in terms of chemical contamination, namely nitrates. This aspect is worth to be examined, since nitrates are important parameters to be evaluated when establishing guidelines for protecting aquatic life and/or ambient water quality for recreation use.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Allocca V., Celico F., Marzano E., Tramontano M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s98.pdf

Autor	Michal Borychowski
Tytuł	LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN THE LIQUID BIOFUELS SECTOR IN SELECTED EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES
Title
Słowa kluczowe	biofuels, production, turnover, job creation, labour productivity in the liquid biofuel sector
Key words
Abstrakt	The development of the liquid biofuels sector has been dynamic for more than 10 years, but from the very beginning of this process has been accompanied by a number of controversies as the production and use of liquid biofuels have both positive and negative effects. These consequences primary concern socio-economic and environmental areas. The most important economic benefits are connected with production, turnover and employment in the biofuels industry and the development of agriculture through higher demand on agricultural commodities. The aim of the paper was to quantify labour productivity in the liquid biofuels sector in European Union countries. It is hypothesized that highly developed countries (measured by GDP per capita) have higher labour productivity in the liquid biofuels industry than poorer European Union countries. The second hypothesis states that countries with high liquid biofuel production have higher labour productivity than other countries. The period under research covered the years 2009–2015. The data are mainly from Eurostat, EurObserv’ER consortium and World Bank. This research provides the general conclusion that a high level of economic development is not accompanied by high labour productivity (two types) in the liquid biofuels sector (there is no significant positive correlation). The same applies to the relation between biofuel production volume and labour productivity. The research proves that a high level of GDP per capita or the big scale of biofuel production (and use) is not a determinant of high labour productivity in this sector.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Borychowski M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s116.pdf

Autor	Agnieszka Borowska
Tytuł	OPPORTUNITIES AND BARRIERS REGARDING THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL BEAN PRODUCTION WITH GEOGRAPHICAL CERTIFICATION IN POLAND
Title
Słowa kluczowe	regional beans, production, price
Key words
Abstrakt	The objective of the study is to present opportunities and barriers concerning the development of regional bean production with geographical indication and designation of origin, in Poland, in 2012-2017. The specificity, scale and conditions of production of three Polish regional bean species are described including the background of changes in the area cultivated with bean, its yield, production and development of buying-in prices. Attention is drawn to objective and subjective factors slowing down the certification process of leguminous crop production in accordance with producer specification. Information from the following databases has been used in the study: FAOSTAT, Eurostat, GUS (Central Statistical Office), JIHARS (Agricultural and Food Quality Inspection), as well as the following associations of regional bean producers (Association of Climbing Bean ‘Piękny Jaś’ Producers in Wrzawy, Association of Bean Producers in Nowy Korczyn, Cooperative ‘Dolina Dunajca’ and LAG (Local Action Group) ‘Biała-Dunajec’). The niche character and small previous production volume mean that regional beans PDO and PGI are only available in season for a small group of consumers. Little interest from producers of production certification makes it difficult to recognize that this pro-development activity is rather amateur at the current stage of building the regional food market in Poland.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Borowska A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s133.pdf

Autor	Przemysław Suchodolski
Tytuł	OVERVIEW OF ECONOMICAL THEORETICAL CONCEPTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY RESEARCH OF STATE FORESTS NATIONAL FOREST HOLDING
Title
Słowa kluczowe	State Forest National Forest Holding, economic efficiency, monopoly, transaction costs
Key words
Abstrakt	The State Forests National Forest Holding is responsible for the management of forests owned by the State Treasury. The assessment of the economic effectiveness is difficult due to characteristic of Stare Forests, which is surrounded through legal restrictions. Economic efficiency in relation to National Forest Holding is understood as an activity aimed at achieving the goal by available resources. Evaluation of economic efficiency is based on technical, production and allocation efficiency. Economic theories, most suitable for the specification of National Forest Holding, focus around the New Institutional Economy. Economic concepts which solve sub-problems related to the research, refer to the monopolistic character of the entity and its basic function, that is self-financing.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Suchodolski P.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s175.pdf

Autor	Emmanuel Essel
Tytuł	IMPACT OF LAND CONFLICT ON AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION: A CASE STUDY OF THE ALAVANYOS AND NKONYAS OF GHANA
Title
Słowa kluczowe	impact, land conflict, agricultural production
Key words
Abstrakt	Conflict largely is and has always been part of all human endeavours, however one particular area where conflict has created problems has been land conflict where tribes owing to their beliefs and cultures feel that lands they occupy has been a heritage property that had been handed down from generation. Land remains an important natural capital for every nation and individuals, and because of this, it is not unusual that there is land conflict across the world, especially in developing nations like Ghana where a huge population depends on agriculture for their livelihood. A case of a protracted land conflict in Ghana is between the people of Nkonya. and Alavanyo. The objective of this paper was to access the impact of land conflict between the Nkonyans and Alavanyos of Ghana on agriculture production. It also professes some recommendations. The paper was conducted as a desk study and the author relied mainly on secondary data.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Essel E.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s182.pdf

Autor	Xesus Pereira Lopez, Magdalena Śmiglak-Krajewska, Manuel Veiga Carballido, Malgorzata Węgrzyńska
Tytuł	ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARMS IN POLAND AND SPAIN IN THE YEARS 2011–2016 BASED ON FADN STATISTICS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	common agricultural policy, economic measures, agriculture in Spain, agriculture in Poland
Key words
Abstrakt	The paper presents a comparison of the economic status of farms in two selected EU countries, Poland and Spain, in the period of 2011–2016. Both these countries were selected based on comparable qualitative and quantitative parameters characteristic of agriculture. An additional determinant for the selection of these countries was connected with the similar economic situation before and after their accession to the European Union. The economic status of these two countries was compared using the statistical data of the European Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN), the Macroeconomic Data Bank (Poland) and the Instituto Nacional de Estadistica (Spain). In turn, the economic situation of farms in Poland and Spain was assessed on the basis of selected economic measures: Gross Farm Income, Farm Net Value Added, Farm Net Value Added/AWU, Family Farm Income/FWU, Total output of crops and crop production, total crops output (ha), total output of livestock and livestock products, total livestock output (LU), Total assets, total fixes assets, Total labour input and unpaid labour input. The study was summarised with the conclusions.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Pereira Lopez X., Śmiglak-Krajewska M., Veiga Carballido M., Węgrzyńska M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s221.pdf

Autor	Oleksandra Mandych, Arkadii Mykytas, Liliia Prokopchuk
Tytuł	THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF SOLAR ENERGY PRODUCTION BY HOUSEHOLDS IN UKRAINE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	solar power, electricity, household electric energy, solar panels, bioeconomics
Key words
Abstrakt	In recent decades considerable attention has been paid to alternative and renewable energy. Among the alternative sources, the sun’s energy is most appealing. Therefore, the development of solar energy, in the long run, is one of the top priorities. In practice, there are numerous barriers to the growth of the solar energy market. First of all, economic: fairly high prices for solar systems and payback period; the absence of working capital from manufacturing enterprises, the absence of specific mechanisms for stimulating production in the form of subsidies, tax exemptions, preferential tariff policies, etc. Therefore, research into the development of solar energy, as a real tool for a comprehensive solution to economic and environmental problems, is becoming increasingly relevant. The paper considers the energy policy of the use of renewable energy sources in rural areas. The theoretically feasible and technically achievable potential of solar energy in the territory of Ukraine was characterized. It was noted that the sun is the most affordable supplier of energy on earth today. The use of solar radiation is expedient for the development of thermal and electric energy and is possible throughout the territory of Ukraine. The dynamics of the commissioning of solar power plants by private households was analysed. The attention is focused on the application of the ‘green’ tariff, which stimulates the increase in the number of solar projects implemented in households. A financial model of private households of choosing a solar power plant option was proposed. The problems were identified and the possibilities of using solar energy for ensuring energy independence of households and profit generation were assessed. The forecast for the development of solar energy of the period up to 2020 was made.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Mandych O., Mykytas A., Prokopchuk L.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s231.pdf

Autor	Olha Babytska, Tamara Prykhodko, Olena Shust, Serhiy Zabolotnyy
Tytuł	ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY IMPLEMENTATION BASED ON INNOVATIVE COMPONENT – EXPERIENCE OF UKRAINE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	environmental policy, sustainability, innovation, effect
Key words
Abstrakt	The article presents the principles of environmental policy implementation in Ukraine and its social, economic and ecological impact in accordance with objectives of the Environmental Strategy of Ukraine for 2020. It is stated that activities of industrial enterprises lead to the most significant negative influence on the environment. The relation between environmental policy and atmospheric air emissions is determined using regression analysis. It is also proved that innovations can be viewed as a driver for realization of environmental policy. Measures for the environmental policy improvement in Ukraine refer to state and local control and imply a set of innovative actions in industrial production.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Babytska O., Prykhodko T., Shust O., Zabolotnyy S.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s287.pdf

Autor	Andriy Popovych
Tytuł	CROSS BORDER LISTING AS MEANS OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISE FINANCING
Title
Słowa kluczowe	agriculture holding, international IPO, ARIMA model
Key words
Abstrakt	The international shares placement via IPO on the WSE by several Ukrainian companies, mainly from the sector of agricultural production and processing, makes an appealing case of relatively quick and inexpensive access to foreign borrowing markets. The WIG Ukraine index shows optimistic start, period of positive gains, dramatic fall at one point and significant volatility afterwards due to both the political and macroeconomic upheavals in the home country as well as internal problems of emitents. The comparison with other indexes of WSE and other exchanges reasonably suggests that the latter reason was the main cause of the deterioration of the indicator. The investigation on the parameters of the regression model that describe time series of WIG-Ukraine index with the help of the ARIMA model reveals that short-time predictions dominate investors decisions.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Popovych A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s309.pdf

Autor	Dariusz Kusz
Tytuł	LEVEL OF INVESTMENT EXPENDITURE VERSUS CHANGES IN TECHNICAL LABOUR EQUIPMENT AND LABOUR EFFICIENCY IN AGRICULTURE IN POLAND
Title
Słowa kluczowe	investment, agriculture, labour efficiency, relation of production factors
Key words
Abstrakt	The aim of the paper is to analyse changes in the efficiency of the use of the labour factor and changes in the relation of production factors regarding the investment outlay level in individual voivodeships, in Poland, in 2002–2015. The research used the public statistics panel data from 2002–2015 (Local Data Bank). An increase in technical labour equipment, the level of investment outlays per one employed person in agriculture and an improvement in the efficiency of using the labour factor was found. At the same time, considerable regional diversification of investment activities, work equipment in fixed assets and labour productivity is still observed in Poland. The improvement of labour efficiency in agriculture is positively influenced by an increase in work technical equipment and the level of completed investments per one employee.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Kusz D.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s315.pdf

Autor	Volodymyr Kharchenko, Hanna Kharchenko
Tytuł	MODELLING OF INVESTMENT SUPPORT OF USE OF RESOURCE POTENTIAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
Title
Słowa kluczowe	modelling, investment support, capital investment, resource potential, agricultural enterprise
Key words
Abstrakt	In the study the features and dynamics of investment support of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises are investigated. It concerns estimated investment in fixed assets of Ukrainian agrarian enterprises by sources of financing. It is proved that investment support is the most important prerequisite for the effective functioning and development of agricultural enterprises, as it contributes to an increase in resource potential, thus increasing industry efficiency, strengthening the country’s food security, creating preconditions for the development of the social sphere and increasing soil fertility. The main problems of enticing investments in the agrarian sphere are considered. Integral indicators of ensuring and efficiency of the use of resources in agricultural production is calculated. Modelling of investment support for the use of resource potential of agricultural enterprises is carried out. The optimal directions of increase of investment support of use of resource potential of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises are offered.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Kharchenko V., Kharchenko H.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s321.pdf