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Autor	Agieszka Parlińska
Tytuł	Wyzwania e-learningu w czasie pandemii w Polsce
Title	E-LEARNING CHALLENGES IN POLAND DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Słowa kluczowe	COVID-19, e-learning, nauczanie na odległość, edukacja zdalna
Key words	COVID-19, e-learning, distance learning, remote education
Abstrakt	Głównym celem pracy było ukazanie konieczności podjęcia nowych wyzwań w edukacji z wykorzystaniem metod e-learningowych w Polsce w latach 2019-2021. Nowym podejściem oraz celem i wartością dodaną opracowania było wzbogacenie wiedzy na temat wykorzystania nowych metod dydaktycznych i badawczych w sytuacji pandemii, ale także po niej.Do realizacji celu wykorzystano metodę analizy i krytyki literatury, a także analizę wskaźnikową opartą na danych historycznych z GUS, EUROSTATU i obserwacji własnej.Przeprowadzone badania pozwoliły na sformułowanie kilku wniosków związanych z czynnikami wpływającymi na e-learning, takimi jak dostęp do Internetu, stosowane narzędzia oraz kompetencje cyfrowe nauczycieli i uczniów. Przedstawiono również krótką analizę SWOT, co jest kluczowe dla przyszłości e-learningu.
Abstract	The main objective of the paper is to show the new challenges for education that arose inPoland from 2019-2021, and the use of e-learning methods. This new approach, and the purposeand added value of this study, is to enrich the knowledge of the use of new teaching and researchmethods gained during the Covid-19 pandemic and applicability to pandemics generally, as wellas continued use of these methods afterwards..To achieve the objective, the method of literature analysis and critique was used, as well as aratio analysis based on historical data from Statistics Poland (GUS), EUROSTAT and the author’sown first-hand observations as a university educator.The research results helped to formulate several conclusions regarding the factors whichinfluence effective e-learning, such as: internet access and quality; the availability of adequatesoftware, hardware and other tools; and the digital competence of teachers and students. A shortSWOT analyse is also presented to highlight key considerations that are crucial for the future of elearning.
Cytowanie	Parlińska A. (2022) Wyzwania e-learningu w czasie pandemii w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 27(76): 80-88
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2022_n76_s80.pdf

Autor	Małgorzata Garstka
Tytuł	Dostęp do informacji finansowej w następstwie zmian wielkości przedsiębiorstw spowodowanych kryzysem COVID-19
Title	ACCESSIBILITY OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION IN RELATION TO CHANGES IN SIZE OF ENTITIES CAUSED BY THE COVID‐19 CRISIS
Słowa kluczowe	MSP, informacja finansowa, jakość informacji, sprawozdanie finansowe
Key words	SMEs, financial information, quality of information, financial statement
Abstrakt	Konsekwencje pandemii wirusa Covid-19 dla jakości i zakresu informacji finansowej generowanej przez rachunkowość są złożone. Zakres sprawozdania finansowego oraz obowiązek badania zależą od klasyfikacji jednostek dokonywanej ze względu na ich wielkość. Zakres ten jest węższy dla jednostek małych i mikro. Kryzys może wpłynąć na wielkość podmiotów, a tym samym na ich miejsce w tej klasyfikacji i zakres ujawnianych przez nie informacji. Celem jest wstępna weryfikacja tego czy - jeśli po pandemii nadal będzie takie zapotrzebowanie na informacje jak dawniej, zostanie ono zaspokojone. Dostęp do informacji wiąże się z poziomem bezpieczeństwa prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej. Rozwiązaniem problemu braku wystarczającej informacji może być wprowadzenie zmian w kryteriach zaliczania podmiotów do MSP oraz w obowiązku badania sprawozdań finansowych. Zastosowana metodologia to analiza regulacji i wnioskowanie. Pozwoliła ona stwierdzić, że skutki pandemii w postaci rosnącej liczby jednostek mikro i małych mogą ograniczyć dostęp do informacji. Wartością dodaną artykułu jest wskazanie i uzasadnienie potrzeby weryfikacji kryteriów klasyfikacji jednostek.
Abstract	The consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic on the quality and scope of financialinformation prepared by accounting are complex. The scope of the financial statement and theobligation to audit depend on the classification of units based on their size. The required scope isnarrower for micro and small entities than it is for larger organizations. The crisis may haveinfluenced the size of entities and by that their classification and the scope of information that theyneed to disclose. The goal of this article is to verify whether post-pandemic demands forinformation, assuming it will be the same as pre-pandemic, can be fulfilled. The accessibility ofinformation is connected with the level of security of engaging in business activities. Makingchanges in the criteria of an entity’s inclusion as an SME and in its obligation to audit can be onesolution for the problem of insufficient information. The methodology used in this study is analysisof regulations and deductive reasoning. It showed that the effects of the pandemic, particularly theincrease in the number of micro and small entities, can limit the accessibility of information. Thisarticle contributes to the scientific literature by displaying and justifying the need to verify theclassification criteria of businesses and other entities.
Cytowanie	Garstka M. (2022) Dostęp do informacji finansowej w następstwie zmian wielkości przedsiębiorstw spowodowanych kryzysem COVID-19.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 27(76): 30-42
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2022_n76_s30.pdf

Autor	Anna Makuch, Anna Tatarczak
Tytuł	COMPARISON OF THE LIFE STANDARDS OF INHABITANTS IN EASTERN AND WESTERN POLAND
Title
Słowa kluczowe	living standard, multi-dimensional statistical analysis, Hellwig’s synthetic measure
Key words
Abstrakt	The main aim of the study is to analyse and compare the quality of life of the inhabitants of eastern and western Poland. This is accomplished by investigating whether the division of Poland into ʽPoland A’ and ʽPoland B’, which has been the norm for years, is valid. The spatial scope applies to all voivodeships. The criterion for the division of eastern and western Poland was adopted based on the historical division along the Vistula river. The characteristics used in the analysis described: education, access to medical care, health, safety, housing, the labour market, culture, and material resources. The period examined in the study covers the years 2005–2015. The study used Ward’s and taxonomic methods, in particular the Hellwig’s method.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Makuch A., Tatarczak A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2021_n5_s82.pdf

Autor	Rolan Albornoz, Stanislava Kontsevaya, Svetlana Kontsevaya, Luboš Smutka
Tytuł	METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATION THE EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL LAND IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Title
Słowa kluczowe	land assets, economic efficiency, ecological efficiency, criteria, methods, soil quality
Key words
Abstrakt	Paper devoted estimation of the efficiency of agricultural land in the Russian Federation. Land is the main production factor in agriculture, hence it is important to know the effective usage of land. Land efficiency could be evaluated in different ways. In this paper, it was suggested to use as factors – feed units received from 1 ha arable land, amount of growing production in fair price in 1 ha, gross and net profit per 1 ha. Also, methodology suggested calculating potential yield and the potential cost of arable land, using a score of soil quality. The paper aims to suggest a methodology of economic efficiency. Case study base on agricultural company Kolos, Russia.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Albornoz R., Kontsevaya S., Kontsevaya S., Smutka L.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2021_n5_s56.pdf

Autor	Vladimír Fuga, Elena Horska
Tytuł	DUAL FOOD QUALITY IN SLOVAKIA VERSUS EUROPEAN STATES: ARE CUSTOMERS CONCERNED?
Title
Słowa kluczowe	dual quality, product, customers preferences, food
Key words
Abstrakt	Recently, the topic of dual food quality has been intensively discussed in the media, as well as becoming an issue for European Union institutions. In the presented work, we answer the question of whether the topic of dual food quality is just as interesting for consumers as it is for the media and politicians. In March 2018, a questionnaire survey was conducted on the quality and availability of local foods. A total of 1 984 respondents answered, with 1 224 of them taking the opportunity to answer a general open question regarding the quality and choice of food. Almost 22% of respondents expressed satisfaction with the quality of local foods. Moreover, about 32% expressed a desire for a wider selection of goods with no complaint about quality. The wording of the answers expresses remarkably high confidence in local foods. Only 36 respondents mentioned foods of foreign origin. Opinions on foreign food were either positive, neutral, or negative. Consumer comments have shown that they do not perceive differences in food quality as an issue of interest. Furthermore, it is not possible to unequivocally say whether foreign products are perceived as of higher or lower quality. We recommend repeating a similar survey while the idea of dual quality is not instilled in the respondent during the survey. A similar survey can be conducted in other European countries as wel
Abstract
Cytowanie	Fuga V., Horska E.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2021_n5_s39.pdf

Autor	Agata Balińska, Wioletta Olejniczak
Tytuł	CERTIFICATION OF HIGH-QUALITY FOOD PRODUCTSIN THE PERCEPTION OF STUDENTS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	food products, high quality, certification
Key words
Abstrakt	This study aimed to investigate the perception of high-quality food products by young consumers, theirrecognition of logos assigned to registered products, and their experience in purchasing this type of product.The study involved desk research, computer-assisted web interviews (CAWI), and observation. The resultsof the survey conducted on a sample of 329 students of Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW) showedthat the respondents’ recognition of high-quality food products was low. More than half of the respondentsdeclared that they do not pay attention to labels when shopping for food, while those who buy certified foodproducts indicated the following reasons: curiosity, promotion, or loyalty to a specific product. Almost one infour respondents declared that they do not buy imitations of original products covered by the registration.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Balińska A., Olejniczak W.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2021_n5_s15.pdf

Autor	Kinga Smolińska
Tytuł	The functioning of the local group of actions “Brama Lubuska”in thre opinion of residents of member communes
Title
Słowa kluczowe	Local Action Group, local development, Leader, rural areas, counties
Key words
Abstrakt	The aim of the article is to present the level of knowledge about the Leaderprogramme and the Local Action Group among the inhabitants of the LAG “Brama Lubuska” areaconsisting of 14 member communes. The study was carried out by means of a questionnairesurvey on a sample of 200 inhabitants of communes comprising the LAG “Brama Lubuska” in2015 and 2020. Most of the inhabitants have heard about the Leader programme and the LocalAction Group. In addition, respondents are positive about the group’s initiative and activities.It is possible to notice an increase in satisfaction with the quality of advice provided at theLAG headquarters. The inhabitants are beginning to notice the undertakings carried out underthe Leader initiative in the area of member communes. As the main source of information onthe LAG and Leader, the respondents indicate the media, leaflets and information received incommune offices.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Smolińska K.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2021_n15_s105.pdf

Autor	Elwira Laskowska, Kamil Stefański
Tytuł	Determinanty zróżnicowania regionalnego cen gruntów rolnych w Polsce
Title	Determinants of Regional Differentiation of Agricultural Land Prices in Poland
Słowa kluczowe	cena gruntów rolnych, zróżnicowanie regionalne, Polska
Key words	price of agricultural land, regional differentiation, Poland
Abstrakt	Celem badań zaprezentowanych w niniejszym artykule była próba wyjaśnienia regionalnego zróżnicowania cen gruntów ornych w Polsce w 2018 roku w aspekcie uwarunkowań przyrodniczo-ekonomicznych, wynikających zarówno z czynników charakteryzujących wielkość, strukturę i jakość gruntów, jak również poziomu rozwoju gospodarczego i potencjału rolniczego poszczególnych województw. W badaniach zastosowano analizę jakościową i ilościową danych statystycznych GUS. Wyniki przeprowadzonej analizy potwierdziły zróżnicowanie regionalne uwarunkowań przyrodniczo-ekonomicznych oraz poziomu cen i czynszów dzierżawnych na rynku gruntów rolnych w Polsce. Wśród zmiennych wyjaśniających zróżnicowanie cen gruntów znalazły się wskaźniki charakteryzujące jakość zasobu gruntów rolnych, ich dochodowość oraz potencjał rolniczy danego regionu.
Abstract	The aim of the research presented in this article was an attempt to explain the regional differentiation of arable land prices in 2018 in terms of natural and economic conditions, resulting both from factors characterizing the size, structure and quality of land, as well as the level of economic development and agricultural potential of individual voivodeships. The research used qualitative and quantitative analysis of Polish Statistical Office data. The results of the analysis carried out confirmed the regional differentiation of natural and economic conditions as well as the level of prices and rents on the agricultural land market in Poland. The variables explaining the differentiation in land prices include indicators characterizing the quality of the agricultural land resource, its profitability and the agricultural potential of a given region.
Cytowanie	Laskowska E., Stefański K. (2021) Determinanty zróżnicowania regionalnego cen gruntów rolnych w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 3: 41-54
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2021_T21(36)_n3_s41.pdf

Autor	Taras Hutsol, Vitalii Kovalenko, Nataliia Kovalenko, Michal Zasada
Tytuł	Economic efficiency of production of herbal granules
Title
Słowa kluczowe	managerial decision making, feed production, the efficiency of the production ofgranulated feed
Key words
Abstrakt	Improving production efficiency, increasing gross and marketable output is inextricablylinked to comprehensive intensification, that is, with the growth of additional investmentsin the development of agricultural production. The increase in capital investments isthe basis for strengthening and improving the material and technical base, and for implementingscientific and technological progress. Increasing the intensity of agriculture and animalhusbandry contributes to more efficient use of land and livestock, increasing crop yields andlivestock productivity. The main link between crop production and animal husbandry is feedproduction. Creating a solid feed base is the most important condition for the development ofanimal husbandry. Its state and level of development determine the possibility of increasingthe number of animals, increasing their productivity, improving the quality of products andreducing the cost of the latter. It is proved that the level of productivity of animals by 50-80%is determined by their feeding. Due to the importance of feed, it is necessary that their productionis ahead of the pace of needs (growth of livestock and its productivity). When forminga feed base, it is important to take into account not only the total volume of feed that willensure the production of a certain amount of products, but also their balance with nutrients.As a rule, feed, namely green feed, silage, haylage, is not a commodity product, that is, thereare no permanent markets for them. These types of feed are grown by those farms that areengaged in animal husbandry and must create their own raw material base for obtaining themain feed.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Hutsol T., Kovalenko V., Kovalenko N., Zasada M.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2020_n14_s127.pdf

Autor	Ogheneruemu Obi-Egbedi, Omowunmi Ogungbite, Isaac Oluwatayo
Tytuł	Genetically Modified Crops’ Technology and its Awareness among Smallholder Farmers in Nigeria
Title	Genetically Modified Crops’ Technology and its Awareness among Smallholder Farmers in Nigeria
Słowa kluczowe	GMOs, smallholder farmers, awareness for GM crops, Credible seed sources, Agricultural technology
Key words	GMOs, smallholder farmers, awareness for GM crops, Credible seed sources, Agricultural technology
Abstrakt	Genetically Modified (GM) crops are crops modified through genetic engineering to improve their quality. Although safety concerns about genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are still being debated, the food security benefits have led to adoption by many counties. In Nigeria, where most farmers are uneducated and likely unaware of the agricultural technology, the government approved its first biotechnology crop for commercialization in 2018. Level of farmers’ awareness is crucial to acceptance of GM crops, although; this has not been fully explored in the literature. Therefore, this study aimed to assess farmers’ awareness for GM crops and the factors that determine their awareness in Oyo state, Nigeria, using primary data collected in 2018 with the aid of well-structured questionnaires from 242 smallholder farmers. Principal component analysis and Tobit regression model were used for data analysis. Results showed that farmers were aged 43 years with farm size of 3.57 ha, farming experience of 14 years and 11 years of education. Most farmers were male (71.90%), married (67.36%), not members of farmer groups (64.46%) and sourced their seeds from non-credible sources (85.12%). Most farmers (52.07%) had either not heard of or did not know of any benefits/costs of GM crops, hence; were not aware of GM crops. Factors that influenced awareness of GM crops were being a male farmer, years of education and source of seeds. The study concluded that increasing years of education and ensuring use of credible seed sources will increase awareness of the costs and benefits of GM crops among farmers.
Abstract	Genetically Modified (GM) crops are crops modified through genetic engineering to improve their quality. Although safety concerns about genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are still being debated, the food security benefits have led to adoption by many counties. In Nigeria, where most farmers are uneducated and likely unaware of the agricultural technology, the government approved its first biotechnology crop for commercialization in 2018. Level of farmers’ awareness is crucial to acceptance of GM crops, although; this has not been fully explored in the literature. Therefore, this study aimed to assess farmers’ awareness for GM crops and the factors that determine their awareness in Oyo state, Nigeria, using primary data collected in 2018 with the aid of well-structured questionnaires from 242 smallholder farmers. Principal component analysis and Tobit regression model were used for data analysis. Results showed that farmers were aged 43 years with farm size of 3.57 ha, farming experience of 14 years and 11 years of education. Most farmers were male (71.90%), married (67.36%), not members of farmer groups (64.46%) and sourced their seeds from non-credible sources (85.12%). Most farmers (52.07%) had either not heard of or did not know of any benefits/costs of GM crops, hence; were not aware of GM crops. Factors that influenced awareness of GM crops were being a male farmer, years of education and source of seeds. The study concluded that increasing years of education and ensuring use of credible seed sources will increase awareness of the costs and benefits of GM crops among farmers.
Cytowanie	Obi-Egbedi O., Ogungbite O., Oluwatayo I. (2020) Genetically Modified Crops’ Technology and its Awareness among Smallholder Farmers in Nigeria.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 20(35), z. 4: 58-67
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2020_T20(35)_n4_s58.pdf

Autor	Liubov Hutsalenko, Olena Kolesnikova, Uliana Marchuk, Serhiy Zabolotnyy
Tytuł	THE HACCP SYSTEM AS A GUARANTEE FOR FOOD SAFETY IN UKRAINE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	management system, HACCP, Critical Control Point (CPC)
Key words
Abstrakt	The research points out the principal concept of the HACCP system, ensuring product safety along the whole food chain 'from the field to the table'. It focuses on HACCP as the food safety management system that proved to be effective and has been accepted globally. In recent years the HACCP system has been gradually introduced in Ukrainian business entities. The article reveals the emergence of the HACCP system and the adaptation of the legal base of Ukraine in the area of food safety requirements. It provides evidence that the harmonization of Ukrainian and international standards in the field of food quality and safety calls for the necessity to introduce HACCP-conforming technologies at all stages of production in Ukrainian companies. The results of the audits of food product safety in Ukraine for the period 2016-2019 were evaluated.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Hutsalenko L., Kolesnikova O., Marchuk U., Zabolotnyy S.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2020_n4_s49.pdf

Autor	Helga Pavlić Skender, Antonela Štefanić, Petra Zaninović
Tytuł	The logistics performance analysis in European Union – EU-15 vs. EU-13
Title	Analiza wydajności logistycznej w Unii Europejskiej – UE-15 vs. UE-13
Słowa kluczowe	logistics, logistics performance index – LPI, European Union, EU-15, EU-13
Key words	logistyka, wskaźnik wydajności logistyki – LPI, Unia Europejska, EU-15, EU-13
Abstrakt	Logistics accounts for 14% of total GDP in the European Union countries, which shows the importance of the logistics service and performance of the European Union countries. Logistics market of EU-15 countries is well developed while most of EU-13 countries need to address poor railway infrastructure and other political issues related to corruption and lack of competitiveness. However, EU-13 economies are growing fast and can benefit even more from the improvements in logistics market. Therefor this paper aims to analyze logistics performance in the European Union, distinguishing between EU-15 and EU-13 countries. For our analysis we use Worlds Bank Logistics Performance Index (LPI) which is a tool that measures the quality, velocity, accuracy and simplicity of the logistics processes. The analysis covers the period from 2010 to 2018. The results of our analysis show that some EU-13 countries are lagging behind EU-15 countries in terms of logistics performance, while countries like Poland, Czech Republic and Hungary are the best logistics performers among all EU-13 countries. Results also shows us correlation between logistics performance and economic growth which imply that EU-13 countries must take step forward in their logistics performance in order to integrate in regional and global supply chain and thus enhance their economic position and competitiveness.
Abstract	Logistyka stanowi 14% całkowitego PKB krajów Unii Europejskiej, co wskazuje na duże znaczenie tego sektora dla wyników ekonomicznych krajów członkowskich Unii Europejskiej. Rynek logistyczny krajów UE-15 jest dobrze rozwinięty, podczas gdy większość krajów UE-13 powinno podjąć działania dla rozwoju słabej infrastruktury kolejowej oraz pochylić się nad kwestiami politycznymi związanymi z korupcją, czy brakiem konkurencyjności. Szybko rozwijające się gospodarki UE-13 mogą jednak skorzystać na poprawie rynku usług sektora logistycznego. Celem artykułu było określenie wydajności sektora logistyki w Unii Europejskiej z podziałem na kraje UE-15 i UE-13. W pracy wykorzystano wskaźnik wydajności logistyki według Banku Światowego (Logistics Performance Index – LPI), który jest narzędziem określającym jakość, szybkość, dokładność i prostotę procesów logistycznych. Analiza objęła okres od 2010 do 2018 roku. Wyniki wskazują, że niektóre kraje UE-13 pozostają w tyle za członkami UE-15 pod względem wyników logistycznych, podczas gdy kraje takie jak Polska, Czechy i Węgry osiągają najlepsze wyniki logistyczne wśród krajów UE-13. Wyniki wskazują również na korelację między wynikami logistyki a wzrostem gospodarczym. To oznacza, że kraje UE-13 muszą zrobić krok naprzód w swoich wynikach logistycznych, aby zintegrować się z regionalnym i globalnym łańcuchem dostaw, a tym samym poprawić swoją pozycję gospodarczą i konkurencyjność.
Cytowanie	Pavlić Skender H., Štefanić A., Zaninović P.
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Pełny tekst	EIOL_2020_T5_n3_s5.pdf

Autor	Yuriy Hubeni, Oksana Krupa, Volodymyr Krupa, Nataliia Raiter
Tytuł	Globalization and Local Determinants of HORECA Customers Market Behavior in the Wholesale Food Market
Title	Globalization and Local Determinants of HORECA Customers Market Behavior in the Wholesale Food Market
Słowa kluczowe	globalization, HoReCa, wholesale trade, wholesale market of agricultural production, wholesale purchase, customers’ market behavior
Key words	globalization, HoReCa, wholesale trade, wholesale market of agricultural production, wholesale purchase, customers’ market behavior
Abstrakt	The article is devoted to the research of local determinants of HoReCa sphere subject economic behavior in the wholesale markets of agricultural production under hospitality sphere globalization in Ukraine. The authors generalized the key provisions of consumer market behavior theories and its formation factors in HoReCa sphere. The peculiarities of agricultural wholesale market functioning are defined and the competitive surrounding of wholesale food market in western region of Ukraine is characterized. Main principles of business organization in HoReCa sphere are studied; the impact of globalization and foreign economic activity vectors on this sphere internationalization is outlined. The results of research project made by the authors are given, which was aimed at examining motives and peculiarities of HoReCa customers market behavior when wholesale purchasing agricultural production for their own business. The research was conducted on the basis of “Shuvar” market of agricultural production Ltd. - the largest in Western Ukraine wholesale agricultural market. It consists of several specialized food halls, including HoReCa centre. The structure of HoReCa establishments, that are “Shuvar” wholesale market clients, is analyzed. The factors influencing their managers’ decisions, concerning purchase assortment, its frequency, the most convenient time of goods delivery, are investigated. The evaluation of significance degree of certain products purchase, including price, products homogeneity, their constant availability, exclusiveness, is received. HoReCa sphere subjects’ wishes were studied, concerning purchase information support in the wholesale market, for service quality improvement.
Abstract	The article is devoted to the research of local determinants of HoReCa sphere subject economic behavior in the wholesale markets of agricultural production under hospitality sphere globalization in Ukraine. The authors generalized the key provisions of consumer market behavior theories and its formation factors in HoReCa sphere. The peculiarities of agricultural wholesale market functioning are defined and the competitive surrounding of wholesale food market in western region of Ukraine is characterized. Main principles of business organization in HoReCa sphere are studied; the impact of globalization and foreign economic activity vectors on this sphere internationalization is outlined. The results of research project made by the authors are given, which was aimed at examining motives and peculiarities of HoReCa customers market behavior when wholesale purchasing agricultural production for their own business. The research was conducted on the basis of “Shuvar” market of agricultural production Ltd. - the largest in Western Ukraine wholesale agricultural market. It consists of several specialized food halls, including HoReCa centre. The structure of HoReCa establishments, that are “Shuvar” wholesale market clients, is analyzed. The factors influencing their managers’ decisions, concerning purchase assortment, its frequency, the most convenient time of goods delivery, are investigated. The evaluation of significance degree of certain products purchase, including price, products homogeneity, their constant availability, exclusiveness, is received. HoReCa sphere subjects’ wishes were studied, concerning purchase information support in the wholesale market, for service quality improvement.
Cytowanie	Hubeni Y., Krupa O., Krupa V., Raiter N. (2020) Globalization and Local Determinants of HORECA Customers Market Behavior in the Wholesale Food Market.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 20(35), z. 1: 25-39
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2020_T20(35)_n1_s25.pdf

Autor	Elżbieta Goryńska-Goldmann
Tytuł	Geneza i pojęcie żywności lokalnej w powiązaniu z ideą zrównoważonejkonsumpcji
Title	Genesis and the term of local food in relation to the idea of sustainable consumption
Słowa kluczowe	geneza, pojęcie, produkt lokalny, żywność lokalna, zrównoważona konsumpcja
Key words	genesis, concept, local product, local food, sustainable consumption
Abstrakt	W opracowaniu dokonano przeglądu aparatu pojęciowego i genezy żywności lokalnej, na podstawie przeglądu definicji z uwzględnieniem regulacji prawnych, potocznych sposobów jej ujmowania i prac badawczych, prowadzonych przez ośrodki naukowe i różne instytucje – krajowe i zagraniczne – i na tej podstawie zaprezentowano własną propozycję. Celem artykułu było przedstawienie genezy i pojęcia żywności lokalnej w kontekście zrównoważonej konsumpcji. Prowadząc analizę, dokonano przeglądu literatury przedmiotu, a wynikające z niego ustalenia udokumentowano dostępnymi informacjami statystycznymi i rynkowymi. Badania wykazały, że instytucje publiczne dostrzegają potencjał żywności lokalnej i upatrują w niej możliwość pobudzania rozwoju obszarów wiejskich Unii Europejskiej. Żywność lokalna stanowi alternatywny nurt w podejściu do sposobu, w jaki konsumpcja żywności może być przekształcona na rzecz jej równoważenia. Świadomi i odpowiedzialni konsumenci rozpoznający własne ograniczenia, ceniący tradycję, stanowią o nowej jakości w społeczeństwie (będąc specyficzną formą kapitału społecznego), co przekłada się na większe możliwości produkcyjne żywności lokalnej i stanowi podstawę do dalszego rozwoju zrównoważonej konsumpcji.
Abstract	This paper reviews the conceptual apparatus and the genesis of local food, on the basis of definitions and with respect to legal conditions, as well as the popular ways of interpretation of local food and scientific research performed by different centers and institutions – both domestic and foreign. On the basis of that, the paper presents the author’s own proposition concerning the abovementioned issue. The aim of the paper is to present the genesis and the definition of local food in the perspective of sustainable consumption. While conducting the research, the scientific literature concerning the subject was reviewed, and the findings were documented with available statistical and market information. The research showed that public institutions see the potential of local food and hope that it can drive the development of rural areas in the European Union. Local food is an alternative approach to the way in which food consumption can be turned into a sustainable one. Informed and responsible consumers, who are aware of their own limitations and value tradition, provide some new quality to the society (as they constitute a specific form of social capital), what translates into bigger local food production possibilities and is the basis for the further development of sustainable consumption.
Cytowanie	Goryńska-Goldmann E.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2019_n11_s23.pdf

Autor	Wojciech Florkowski, Anna Klepacka
Tytuł	The Wood Pellet Sector: Barriers to Growth and Opinions of Manufacturers in Poland
Title	The Wood Pellet Sector: Barriers to Growth and Opinions of Manufacturers in Poland
Słowa kluczowe	renewable energy, wood pellet stoves, raw material, imports, quality, rural household
Key words	renewable energy, wood pellet stoves, raw material, imports, quality, rural household
Abstrakt	Biomass is a major source of renewable energy in the EU and Poland, stimulating the growth of the wood pellet sector. Wood pellet demand is stimulated by a complex interaction of market forces and policies including EU climate, energy, and environmental regulations, Poland’s program to improve air quality, and subsidies for the replacement of inefficient stoves used by households. This article focuses on the growth of the wood pellet industry, imports and exports in Poland, and wood pellet quality and use by households. The main issues faced by the EU wood pellet sector between 2013 and 2016 are further considered in the context of opinions of Polish wood pellet manufacturers. Industry opinions were collected in response to an open-ended question that probed for the main issues faced by wood pellet producers during the survey implemented by the authors in 2019. Respondents identified difficulties in obtaining raw material for pellet production and poor pellet quality as major problems. Although the majority did not feel concerned about competition from imported wood pellets, a small number of respondents viewed such competition as a problem reflecting the reversal of decreasing imports in 2017. Overall, the domestic wood pellet industry can be expected to grow because of increasing pressure to expand the use of renewable energy and will be driven by the household sector switching to more efficient, wood burning stoves. Additionally, the expanding area of private Polish forests may become a source of much-needed raw material for wood pellet manufacturing.
Abstract	Biomass is a major source of renewable energy in the EU and Poland, stimulating the growth of the wood pellet sector. Wood pellet demand is stimulated by a complex interaction of market forces and policies including EU climate, energy, and environmental regulations, Poland’s program to improve air quality, and subsidies for the replacement of inefficient stoves used by households. This article focuses on the growth of the wood pellet industry, imports and exports in Poland, and wood pellet quality and use by households. The main issues faced by the EU wood pellet sector between 2013 and 2016 are further considered in the context of opinions of Polish wood pellet manufacturers. Industry opinions were collected in response to an open-ended question that probed for the main issues faced by wood pellet producers during the survey implemented by the authors in 2019. Respondents identified difficulties in obtaining raw material for pellet production and poor pellet quality as major problems. Although the majority did not feel concerned about competition from imported wood pellets, a small number of respondents viewed such competition as a problem reflecting the reversal of decreasing imports in 2017. Overall, the domestic wood pellet industry can be expected to grow because of increasing pressure to expand the use of renewable energy and will be driven by the household sector switching to more efficient, wood burning stoves. Additionally, the expanding area of private Polish forests may become a source of much-needed raw material for wood pellet manufacturing.
Cytowanie	Florkowski W., Klepacka A. (2019) The Wood Pellet Sector: Barriers to Growth and Opinions of Manufacturers in Poland.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 4: 9-18
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n4_s9.pdf

Autor	Barbara Kiełbasa, Daniela Popa, Aliona Sargo, Mariusz Trojak
Tytuł	New Approaches to Developing the Integral Indicator Methodology for Estimating the Financial Efficiency of Agricultural Entities in Poland, the Republic of Moldova, and EU Countries
Title	New Approaches to Developing the Integral Indicator Methodology for Estimating the Financial Efficiency of Agricultural Entities in Poland, the Republic of Moldova, and EU Countries
Słowa kluczowe	agro-sector, European Union, correlation and regression, financial efficiency, food product, financial economy, productivity & profitability, resource efficiency
Key words	agro-sector, European Union, correlation and regression, financial efficiency, food product, financial economy, productivity & profitability, resource efficiency
Abstrakt	Economic literature pays a great deal of attention to economic and financial efficiency, expressed in terms of competition, concentration, productivity and profitability. This paper provides an all-embracing framework for the various existing theories in this area and illustrates these theories with practical applications. Currently, changing the size of the production potential in agricultural units in the Republic of Moldova depends to a great extent on the influence of different trends in the modification of production resources: the reduction of labor resources and agricultural land, quantitative and qualitative changes in fixed assets, and in current assets, etc.The notion of resource potential means the totality of the volume of all resources (natural, labor, material, intellectual, information, etc.) on specific enterprises, territories, branches, regions. Evaluating a broad field of research, the paper describes profit maximizing food products and demonstrates how several widely-used products can be fit into this framework. The authors also present an overview of the current major trends in the food sector and relate them to the assumptions for food products, thereby displaying their relevance and timeliness. The results include a set of recommendations for future research on this topic.The design, methodology and approach of this research is to explain why efficiency can help obtain a profit surplus, and to measure this efficiency. For quality of methodology we apply a range of statistical methods, as well as the strategic capability of organisations – made up of resources and competences. One way to approach the stategic capability of an organisation is to consider its strengths and weaknesses (for example, where it has a competitive advantage, profit, efficiency or disadvantage). Based on our research and results, we sought to understand the concepts of financial effciency and to apply these concepts to practical situations. At the start of each analysis entrepreneurship plays an important role. Most organisations have to innovate constantly to obtain profit and efficiency for food products. They need to be first into a market, or simply a follower of customers in developing new products and services. Original studies in Moldova and Poland regarding farm concentration in terms of Gini Coefficient, Gini Index and Concentration Index of the utilized agricultural area. Original calculus formula to determine the Concentration Index of the UAA for the top 10% largest farms in Moldova and UK.
Abstract	Economic literature pays a great deal of attention to economic and financial efficiency, expressed in terms of competition, concentration, productivity and profitability. This paper provides an all-embracing framework for the various existing theories in this area and illustrates these theories with practical applications. Currently, changing the size of the production potential in agricultural units in the Republic of Moldova depends to a great extent on the influence of different trends in the modification of production resources: the reduction of labor resources and agricultural land, quantitative and qualitative changes in fixed assets, and in current assets, etc.The notion of resource potential means the totality of the volume of all resources (natural, labor, material, intellectual, information, etc.) on specific enterprises, territories, branches, regions. Evaluating a broad field of research, the paper describes profit maximizing food products and demonstrates how several widely-used products can be fit into this framework. The authors also present an overview of the current major trends in the food sector and relate them to the assumptions for food products, thereby displaying their relevance and timeliness. The results include a set of recommendations for future research on this topic.The design, methodology and approach of this research is to explain why efficiency can help obtain a profit surplus, and to measure this efficiency. For quality of methodology we apply a range of statistical methods, as well as the strategic capability of organisations – made up of resources and competences. One way to approach the stategic capability of an organisation is to consider its strengths and weaknesses (for example, where it has a competitive advantage, profit, efficiency or disadvantage). Based on our research and results, we sought to understand the concepts of financial effciency and to apply these concepts to practical situations. At the start of each analysis entrepreneurship plays an important role. Most organisations have to innovate constantly to obtain profit and efficiency for food products. They need to be first into a market, or simply a follower of customers in developing new products and services. Original studies in Moldova and Poland regarding farm concentration in terms of Gini Coefficient, Gini Index and Concentration Index of the utilized agricultural area. Original calculus formula to determine the Concentration Index of the UAA for the top 10% largest farms in Moldova and UK.
Cytowanie	Kiełbasa B., Popa D., Sargo A., Trojak M. (2019) New Approaches to Developing the Integral Indicator Methodology for Estimating the Financial Efficiency of Agricultural Entities in Poland, the Republic of Moldova, and EU Countries.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 4: 103-112
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n4_s103.pdf

Autor	Tetiana Balanovska, Natalia Drahnieva, Alina Troian
Tytuł	USING OF FUZZY MODELLING IN ANTI-CRISIS MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
Title
Słowa kluczowe	anti-crisis management, agricultural enterprise, quality, products, fuzzy logic, fuzzy modelling
Key words
Abstrakt	The article systematizes the different views of scientists in relation to the anti-crisis management of enterprisesand emphasizes the importance of its use in enterprises. There was noted the necessity to introducethe perspective directions of economic activity of the enterprise, forming its image, ensuring competitiveness,profitability, and development. In order to make effective management decisions under uncertaindynamic environment, it is suggested to use fuzzy modelling for the prevention of the crisis occurrence.In order to present the possibility of using such an approach in the practical activity of agricultural enterprises,in particular which are engaged in dairy farming, we proposed an informational and logical modelfor determining the forecast average price of milk, taking into account the indicators of its quality, thatis based on the theory of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic. In the context of anti-crisis management, there wassubstantiated the possibility of using the proposed model, as a basic one, in any agricultural enterprise inorder to improve its activities.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Balanovska T., Drahnieva N., Troian A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2019_n3_s22.pdf

Autor	Tadeusz Filipiak, Mariusz Maciejczak
Tytuł	WORK PRODUCTIVITY IN WINE FARMS IN SELECTED COUNTRIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
Title
Słowa kluczowe	work productivity, wine farms, FADN, European Union
Key words
Abstrakt	In the European Union, one of the industries which is of great economic and market importance and accordinglyis to a large extent dependent on quantity and quality of labour resources is viticulture and wine production.The main objective of the research was to determine the productivity of work in wine farms in selectedEU countries in the years 2004–2017. It was found that there was an increase in labour productivity in winefarms in almost all countries selected for research. The largest increase was recorded for Czech, Portugueseand Bulgarian farms. Nevertheless, the highest productivity of work was characteristic for French, German,Austrian and Italian farms. Additionally together with the increase in the economic size of wine farms, theproductivity of work increased too.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Filipiak T., Maciejczak M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2019_n3_s76.pdf

Autor	Tetiana Baklytska, Olena Bohdaniuk
Tytuł	Competitivness and prospects for development of berry production in Ukraine
Title
Słowa kluczowe	Ukraine, berries, prospects of development, competitiveness, export, organic production
Key words
Abstrakt	The demand for raspberries and blackberries has risen sharply in Europe and North America in recent years. Ukraine is almost one third of the world’s black earth, a favorable climate for growing vegetables, fruits and berries, as well as a good ratio of daytime and nighttime temperatures and optimal length of sunny day. Therefore, the authors consider that Ukraine could become a reliable supplier of berries in Europe and America. Berries will not give the same high gross production as cereals. But these products are perspective in terms of processing, value added and profitability for the manufacturer. Considering the strategic importance of growing berries in Ukraine the subject of the research is to study the competitiveness and prospects for production of berries in Ukraine. The conducted assessment of the status and prospects of growing berries shows that Ukraine has been steadily producing within the range of 130-135 thousand tons of berries in recent years. Due to the fact that the products of private households and horticultural societies are not actually taxed, they have significant competitive advantages over agricultural enterprises, which is one of the reasons for the curtailment of industrial horticulture in Ukraine. But, on the other hand, they are inferior to large enterprises because of not failing to implement sanitary, technical standards, certification etc. In order to ensure the competitiveness of domestic producers in the external market, berry producers need to be more actively involved in the process of improving product quality, since in Ukraine only five agribusinesses have a Global GAP certificate, which is a minimum condition for access to the EU market. According to the results of the study, the authors consider organic production of berries as another perspective direction for the development of domestic berries.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Baklytska T., Bohdaniuk O.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2019_n12_s15.pdf

Autor	Beata Kolny
Tytuł	Czas poświęcany na obróbkę żywności i przygotowanie posiłku w budżecie czasu ludności
Title	Time Devoted to Food Processing and Preparation of a Meal in the Population Time Budget
Słowa kluczowe	budżet czasu, obróbka żywności, przygotowanie posiłku
Key words	time budget, food processing, meal preparation
Abstrakt	Budżet czasu ludności jest to zestawienie odcinków czasu przewidzianych na realizację czynności życiowych. Wśród tych czynności wyróżnia się obróbkę żywności i przygotowanie posiłku. Celem artykułu jest zdiagnozowanie ilości czasu poświęcanego przez Polaków na wykonanie tych czynności. Temat ten jest istotny ponieważ dotyka każdego człowieka, który zaspokaja potrzebę głodu. Ilość czasu przeznaczonego na analizowane czynności może być podstawowym miernikiem poziomu i jakości życia ludności. Do napisania artykułu wykorzystano dane wtórne prezentowane w publikacji Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego pt.: „Budżet czasu ludności 2013” oraz wyniki badań własnych przeprowadzonych na próbie 300 dorosłych mieszkańców Polski. Z badań wynika, że przeciętny czas poświęcony na obróbkę żywności wynosi 1 godzinę i 10 minut. Przygotowanie śniadania przeciętnie zajmuje 10 minut, obiadu 45 minut i kolacji 15 minut.
Abstract	Population time budget is a juxtaposition of time periods provided for the implementation of life activities. These activities include food processing and meal preparation. The purpose of the article is to diagnose the amount of time spent by Poles on these activities. This topic is important because it affects everyone who satisfies the need for hunger. The amount of time allocated to the activities analyzed can be a basic measure of the level and quality of life of the population. Secondary data presented in the publication of the Central Statistical Office of Poland entitled „Time use survey 2013” and the results of own research conducted on a sample of 300 adult residents of Poland. Research shows that the average time spent on food processing is 1 hour and 10 minutes, preparing breakfast takes 10 minutes on average, lunch 45 minutes and dinner 15 minutes.
Cytowanie	Kolny B. (2019) Czas poświęcany na obróbkę żywności i przygotowanie posiłku w budżecie czasu ludności.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 4: 69-79
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n4_s69.pdf