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Autor	Agnieszka Cyburt
Tytuł	Samodzielność finansowa małych gmin województwa lubelskiego i jej znaczenie dla ich stabilności finansowej
Title	FINANCIAL INDEPENDENCE OF SMALL COMMUNES IN POLAND’S LUBELSKIE VOIVODESHIP: IMPORTANCE FOR FINANCIAL STABILITY
Słowa kluczowe	samodzielność finansowa, stabilność finansowa, analiza wskaźnikowa, jednostka samorządu terytorialnego
Key words	financial independence, financial stability, ratio analysis, local government unit
Abstrakt	Celem opracowania było ustalenie poziomu samodzielności finansowej 81 małych gmin województwa lubelskiego (do 5 tys. mieszkańców) oraz ocena jej znaczenia dla stabilności finansowej tych jednostek. Zastosowano następujące metody: analizę piśmiennictwa, analizę wskaźnikową oraz sondaż diagnostyczny. Do analizy przyjęto dane finansowe z lat 2017-2021. W badaniu ankietowym przeprowadzonym wśród zarządzających małymi gminami wzięło udział 69 wójtów. Ustalono, że w opinii włodarzy potencjał dochodowy i samodzielność finansowa stanowią ważny czynnik wpływający na stabilność finansową małych gmin, a ich niski poziom stanowi zagrożenie dla wspomnianej stabilności. Wykorzystano trzy wskaźniki służące ocenie samodzielności finansowej. Z przeprowadzonych analiz wynika, że małe gminy charakteryzował niski poziom samodzielności dochodowej i duże uzależnienie od dochodów transferowych przekazywanych z budżetu państwa, co widoczne jest w osiągniętej wartości wskaźnika samodzielności wydatkowej.
Abstract	The aim of the study was to determine the level of financial independence of 81 small communes of Poland’s Lubelskie Voivodship (up to 5,000 inhabitants per commune) and to assess its significance for their financial stability. The following methods were used: literature analysis, ratio analysis and diagnostic survey. Financial data from 2017-2021 was adopted for the analysis. 69 heads of communes participated in the conducted survey. It was established that in the opinionof these leaders, income potential and financial independence are important factors affecting the financial stability of small communes, and their low level poses a threat to this stability. Three ratios were used to assess financial independence. The analyses showed that small communes were characterized by a low level of income independence and a high dependence on revenues transferred from the state budget, which is evident in the value of the expenditure independenceratio achieved.
Cytowanie	Cyburt A. (2022) Samodzielność finansowa małych gmin województwa lubelskiego i jej znaczenie dla ich stabilności finansowej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 27(76): 5-17
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2022_n76_s5.pdf

Autor	Marta Wiśniewska
Tytuł	Wpływ pandemii koronawirusa (Covid-19) na zachowania inwestorów w świetle finansów behawioralnych
Title	THE IMPACT OF THE CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) PANDEMIC ON INVESTORS’ BEHAVIOUR IN THE LIGHT OF BEHAVIOURAL FINANCE
Słowa kluczowe	pandemia koronawirusa, finanse behawioralne, decyzje inwestycyjne
Key words	coronavirus pandemic, behavioural finance, investment decisions
Abstrakt	Celem badań było poznanie opinii maklerów papierów wartościowych pracujących na GPW Warszawie, dotyczących zachowań polskich inwestorów w obliczu pandemii koronawirusa COVID-19. Badaniami objęto grupę 51 maklerów giełdowych, reprezentujących domy maklerskie o długiej historii działania. Stwierdzono, że uwarunkowania psychologiczne ludzi i nastroje panujące na giełdzie odgrywają istotną rolę w procesie decyzyjnym, a nieracjonalne zachowania inwestorów, w tym w dużej mierze efekty stadne, są podczas pandemii szczególnie widoczne. Z badań wynika, że pojawienie się koronawirusa nie wpłynęło na obniżenie aktywności polskich inwestorów. Odnotowano tym samym wyraźny wzrost zainteresowania akcjami spółek notowanych na GPW S.A. Zachowania i stosunek uczestników rynku do ryzyka był zmienny wobliczu rozwijającej się pandemii, co przejawiało się m.in. szybkim kupowaniem przecenionych walorów czy gwałtowaną wyprzedażą aktywów. Za najważniejszy czynnik wpływający na kształtowanie notowań w trakcie pandemii COVID-19 uznano ogólne zmiany na rynku krajowym i na rynkach globalnych.
Abstract	The aim of the research was to find out the opinions of stockbrokers working at the WarsawStock Exchange regarding the behaviour of Polish investors in the face of the coronavirus(COVID-19) pandemic. The research was carried out among 51 stockbrokers representingbrokerage houses with a long history of operations. It has been found that psychologicalconditions of people and stock market sentiments play an important role in the decision-makingprocess, and irrational investor behaviours, including largely herd effects, are particularly evidentduring the pandemic. The research shows that the occurrence of the coronavirus has not reducedthe activity of Polish investors. Thus, significantly growing interest in shares of companies listedon the Warsaw Stock Exchange has been noted. The behaviour and attitude of market participantstowards risk were volatile during the developing pandemic, which manifested itself in rapid buyingof overvalued assets or rapid selling of assets.
Cytowanie	Wiśniewska M. (2022) Wpływ pandemii koronawirusa (Covid-19) na zachowania inwestorów w świetle finansów behawioralnych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 27(76): 111-122
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2022_n76_s111.pdf

Autor	Jamiu Hussayn, Ogheneruemu Obi-Egbedi, Isaac Oluwatayo
Tytuł	Trade Liberalization Policy and Competitiveness of Cocoa Beans Exports in Nigeria (1961-2017)
Title	Trade Liberalization Policy and Competitiveness of Cocoa Beans Exports in Nigeria (1961-2017)
Słowa kluczowe	cocoa, competitiveness, market share, trade liberalization policy and vector error correction model
Key words	cocoa, competitiveness, market share, trade liberalization policy and vector error correction model
Abstrakt	The cocoa sector in Nigeria has experienced decline in production, yield, exports coupled with its inability to attain global standards and targets and, gradual loss of competitiveness at the world market. Trade liberalization was government’s panacea to the sector’s problem although, cocoa competitiveness remains an issue since liberalization. Therefore, the relationship between trade liberalization policy and competitiveness of Nigeria’s cocoa exports was examined in this study using data for the period 1961-2017. Cocoa market share was used to measure competitiveness while analytical tools employed were: ADF test, Johansen co-integration test and the vector error correction model (VECM). Market share, quantity of cocoa export and inflation rate were stationary at original level while others, at first difference. The co-integration test showed seven co-integrating equations. Trade liberalization policy was found to be an important driver of competitiveness. In addition, area harvested, production quantity and export quantity positively influenced competitiveness while world price of cocoa, interest rate on agricultural loans, exchange rate and trade liberalization influenced negatively. Therefore, appropriate trade policy formulation and implementation is recommended while, specific attention should be paid to monetary policies and cocoa production by the government.
Abstract	The cocoa sector in Nigeria has experienced decline in production, yield, exports coupled with its inability to attain global standards and targets and, gradual loss of competitiveness at the world market. Trade liberalization was government’s panacea to the sector’s problem although, cocoa competitiveness remains an issue since liberalization. Therefore, the relationship between trade liberalization policy and competitiveness of Nigeria’s cocoa exports was examined in this study using data for the period 1961-2017. Cocoa market share was used to measure competitiveness while analytical tools employed were: ADF test, Johansen co-integration test and the vector error correction model (VECM). Market share, quantity of cocoa export and inflation rate were stationary at original level while others, at first difference. The co-integration test showed seven co-integrating equations. Trade liberalization policy was found to be an important driver of competitiveness. In addition, area harvested, production quantity and export quantity positively influenced competitiveness while world price of cocoa, interest rate on agricultural loans, exchange rate and trade liberalization influenced negatively. Therefore, appropriate trade policy formulation and implementation is recommended while, specific attention should be paid to monetary policies and cocoa production by the government.
Cytowanie	Hussayn J., Obi-Egbedi O., Oluwatayo I. (2021) Trade Liberalization Policy and Competitiveness of Cocoa Beans Exports in Nigeria (1961-2017).Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 1: 4-15
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2021_T21(36)_n1_s4.pdf

Autor	Dorota Pasińska
Tytuł	Handel zagraniczny produktami mięsnymi Polski z Japonią w latach 2004-2019
Title	Foreign Trade in Meat Products between Poland and Japan in 2004-2019
Słowa kluczowe	eksport, import, Japonia, bariery pozataryfowe, produkty mięsne
Key words	export, import, Japan, non-tariff barriers, meat products
Abstrakt	Głównym celem artykułu jest charakterystyka zmian w handlu zagranicznym produktami mięsnymi Polski z Japonią w latach 2004-2019. Zastosowano następujące metody: analiza porównawcza w czasie eksportu produktów mięsnych oraz wchodzących w jej skład głównych grup produktowych, analiza struktury towarowej tego eksportu. Otrzymane wyniki mogą być wykorzystane przez różnych uczestników łańcucha dostaw (np. przetwórców czy handel), mogą stanowić wsparcie nie tylko dla polityki gospodarczej państwa w zakresie kształtowania relacji handlowych, ale także dla przedsiębiorstw eksportujących, które są zainteresowane określeniem swojej pozycji konkurencyjnej na rynku (np. mogą oszacować swój udział w eksporcie do Japonii określonych grup asortymentowych) czy rozważyć ewentualne uplasowanie swoich produktów na tym rynku. W badaniach wykorzystano dane OECD, ITC Trade Map i niepublikowane dane roczne dotyczące eksportu i importu Ministerstwa Finansów z lat 2004-2019.
Abstract	The main purpose of the article is to describe the changes in foreign trade in meat products between Poland and Japan in the years 2004-2019. The following methods were used: comparative analysis over time of the export of meat products and its main product groups, analysis of the commodity structure of these exports. The obtained results can be implemented by various participants in the supply chain (e.g. processors or trade), they may support not only the economic policy of the state in terms of shaping trade relations, but also exporting enterprises interested in determining their competitive position market (e.g. they can estimate their share in exports to Japan of certain product groups) or consider the possible placement of their products on this market. The research used OECD, ITC Trade Map data and unpublished annual data on exports and imports of the Ministry of Finance from 2004 to 2019.
Cytowanie	Pasińska D. (2021) Handel zagraniczny produktami mięsnymi Polski z Japonią w latach 2004-2019.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 1: 16-32
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2021_T21(36)_n1_s16.pdf

Autor	Aneta Mikuła, Stanisław Stańko
Tytuł	Zmiany w produkcji, handlu zagranicznym i zużyciu krajowym ziemniaków w Polsce w latach 2001-2019
Title	Changes in the Production, Foreign Trade and Domestic Consumption of Potatoes in Poland in 2001-2019
Słowa kluczowe	ziemniak, produkcja, import, eksport
Key words	potato, production, imports export
Abstrakt	Przedmiotem analizy była produkcja ziemniaków, zużycie krajowe i obroty handlu zagranicznego (eksport i import) w Polsce w latach 2001-2019. W oparciu o wyniki analiz określono średniookresową projekcję (na 2025 r.) obejmującą produkcję, kierunki wykorzystania w kraju i obroty handlu zagranicznego ziemniakami i ich przetworami. Analizowane dane pochodziły z GUS oraz IERiGŻ-PIB. Produkcja ziemniaków w Polsce w latach 2001-2019 charakteryzowała się tendencją spadkową. Wolniejszy spadek zbiorów niż powierzchni wynikał z poprawy plonowania. W zużyciu krajowym występowały różnokierunkowe tendencje: spadkowa w spożyciu ziemniaków ogółem, w eksporcie ziemniaków nieprzetworzonych, w przetwórstwie w gorzelnictwie i w stratach w przechowalnictwie oraz wzrostowa w przetwórstwie spożywczym i pozostałym przemysłowym. W handlu zagranicznym zaobserwowano poprawę dodatniego salda handlu przetworami z ziemniaków oraz pogłębianie się ujemnego salda handlu ziemniakami. Z projekcji rozwoju na 2025 r. wynika, że produkcja ziemniaków w Polsce może wynosić 7250- 7540 tys. t, a zapotrzebowanie - 7430-7570 tys. t. Import niezbędny ziemniaków świeżych może wynosić rocznie 30-180 tys. t.
Abstract	The subject of the analysis was potato production, domestic consumption and foreign trade turnover (export and import) in Poland in 2001-2019. Based on the results of the analyzes, a medium-term projection (for 2025) was defined, covering production, directions of domestic use and foreign trade turnover of potatoes and their products. The analyzed data came from the Central Statistical Office and Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics- National Research Institute. Potato production in Poland in 2001-2019 was characterized by a downward trend. The slower drop in the harvest than in the area was due to the improvement in yield. There were various trends in domestic consumption: a decrease in total potato consumption, in the export of unprocessed potatoes, in processing in distilling and losses in storage, and an increase in food processing and other industrial processing. In foreign trade, an improvement in the positive balance of trade in potato products and a deepening of the negative trade balance in potatoes was observed. The development projection for 2025 shows that the production of potatoes in Poland may amount to 7,250,000- 7,540,000 thousand tonnes, and the demand – 7430 7570 thousand tonnes. The necessary import of fresh potatoes can amount to 30-180 thousand tonnes annually.
Cytowanie	Mikuła A., Stańko S. (2021) Zmiany w produkcji, handlu zagranicznym i zużyciu krajowym ziemniaków w Polsce w latach 2001-2019.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 1: 33-51
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2021_T21(36)_n1_s33.pdf

Autor	S.H. Pushpa Malkanthi, S.D. Dilini Rathnachandra
Tytuł	Female Farmers’ Agricultural Information Needs and Food Production: A Case Study of Imbulpe ds Division in Sri Lanka
Title	Female Farmers’ Agricultural Information Needs and Food Production: A Case Study of Imbulpe ds Division in Sri Lanka
Słowa kluczowe	agricultural information, Imbulpe, information needs, Sri Lanka, women farmers
Key words	agricultural information, Imbulpe, information needs, Sri Lanka, women farmers
Abstrakt	The study was conducted to find out female farmers’ agricultural information needs and their impact on food production, in the Imbulpe DS Division in Sri Lanka. Of the female farmers in the area, 238 were taken as the sample for the study from seven selected Grama Niladhari (GN) divisions in the area. Female farmers were selected by using a simple random sampling method from these purposively selected GN divisions. A pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaire survey was used as the primary data collection method from March to July 2019. Data analysis was done by using descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis. The result revealed that the majority (62.6%) of respondents were middle aged (40-59 years), married, and belonged to families with 4-5 members. Most respondents (64.3 %) had studied up to junior secondary education level. Their average farm land size is 0.84 acres and they have farming experience of about 15 years. Most of the respondents mentioned that they had obtained higher levels of information needs about improved crop varieties. In addition, female farmers reported that they moderately need information on application of agrochemicals, improved market systems and modern farming technologies. Extension agents and other female farmers act as their major sources of agricultural information and ICT equipment acts as the least important agricultural information source in this area. Moreover, there is a significant positive association between the agricultural information needs and food production. Therefore, providing necessary agricultural information and enhanced utilization of ICT tools for agricultural information sources, and encouraging female farmers to participate in farming societies will lead to enhanced food production in this area.
Abstract	The study was conducted to find out female farmers’ agricultural information needs and their impact on food production, in the Imbulpe DS Division in Sri Lanka. Of the female farmers in the area, 238 were taken as the sample for the study from seven selected Grama Niladhari (GN) divisions in the area. Female farmers were selected by using a simple random sampling method from these purposively selected GN divisions. A pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaire survey was used as the primary data collection method from March to July 2019. Data analysis was done by using descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis. The result revealed that the majority (62.6%) of respondents were middle aged (40-59 years), married, and belonged to families with 4-5 members. Most respondents (64.3 %) had studied up to junior secondary education level. Their average farm land size is 0.84 acres and they have farming experience of about 15 years. Most of the respondents mentioned that they had obtained higher levels of information needs about improved crop varieties. In addition, female farmers reported that they moderately need information on application of agrochemicals, improved market systems and modern farming technologies. Extension agents and other female farmers act as their major sources of agricultural information and ICT equipment acts as the least important agricultural information source in this area. Moreover, there is a significant positive association between the agricultural information needs and food production. Therefore, providing necessary agricultural information and enhanced utilization of ICT tools for agricultural information sources, and encouraging female farmers to participate in farming societies will lead to enhanced food production in this area.
Cytowanie	Malkanthi S., Rathnachandra S. (2021) Female Farmers’ Agricultural Information Needs and Food Production: A Case Study of Imbulpe ds Division in Sri Lanka.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 2: 22-32
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2021_T21(36)_n2_s22.pdf

Autor	Andrii Doronin, Olena Polishchuk, Vitalii Rybchak
Tytuł	Potential of renewable sources in Ukraine
Title
Słowa kluczowe	bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas, energy safety, energy consumption, renewable energy sources, production potential, alternative kinds of fuel
Key words
Abstrakt	Bearing in mind a serious dependence of Ukraine on the import of oil products, it isof great significance for Ukraine to develop own manufacture and to increase the share of oilproduct substitution with biofuel. It is not possible to develop biofuel market without solvinga number of economic and organizational problems, which is why it is expedient to introducefinancial-economic stimuli for biofuel producers and to build a stable demand for alternativekinds of fuel. In Ukraine the manufacture of alternative fuels almost terminated, however thesolution of the problem of biofuel manufacture will depend on the coordination of joint actionsof the state, participants of market relations and the development of the system of measuresaimed at the creation of pre-conditions to enhance a competitive biofuel market in Ukraine,taking into consideration foreign experience and current tendencies of the manufacture anduse of the alternative energy sources.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Doronin A., Polishchuk O., Rybchak V.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2021_n15_s25.pdf

Autor	Irena Achonen, Greta Gruodė, Jolita Variakojiene
Tytuł	Pandemic Impact on Lithuania‘s tour operators
Title
Słowa kluczowe	tour operators, COVID-19, pandemic, tourism, Lithuania
Key words
Abstrakt	Lithuania tourism market was one of the fastest growing in Europe in 2019. Allaround the globe 2019 was a year of records for travelling, but 2020 changed everything.At the moment COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most important and relevant factor forinfluencing Tourism sector. It changed the way we‘re working, travelling, communicating, ithad a huge negative effect on specific sectors there people meet, spend time together. Touroperators are one of the most affected in the business world because of economic and politicalreasons: for most of the year countries have travelling restrictions, borders closed, obligationfor testing before and after travelling and in general consumer behaviour is changed due tothe safety reasons. This paper aims to analyze the impact of pandemic to Lithuania‘s Touroperators as well as present the overview of previous year numbers of tourism. Qantativeresearch – a survey was conducted with the most active Lithuania‘s tour operators, workingwith inbound, outbound and domestic tourism in order to find out their opinion of previousyear and currently happening change. Results are presented in a paper. Topic is extreemlyrelevant these days and the paper reveal the current situation in Lithuania‘s travel market.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Achonen I., Gruodė G., Variakojiene J.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2021_n15_s59.pdf

Autor	Nataliia Blenda, Vitaliy Rybchak
Tytuł	Features of food market formation in Ukraine
Title
Słowa kluczowe	food market, food products, self-sufficiency, export, import
Key words
Abstrakt	The article examines the peculiarities of the formation of the food market of Ukraine and trends in its development. The actual capacity of the domestic market for certain products has been determined, taking into account the decrease in the average per capita consumption of certain food products by the population and the reduction in the population of Ukraine. It is established that the growth of gross output of agricultural products has improved the level of self-sufficiency in food in Ukraine. Meeting the needs of the population in food, within its purchasing power, is almost entirely provided by domestic products, except fruits, berries, and grapes. The level and dynamics of import dependence of the food market as a whole and in the context of individual product groups are determined.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Blenda N., Rybchak V.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2021_n16_s5.pdf

Autor	Joanna Pietrzak-Zawadka, Jan Zawadka
Tytuł	The importance and use of forest areas in local development
Title
Słowa kluczowe	forest, forest areas, local development, sustainable development
Key words
Abstrakt	Forest areas and related resources are significant determinants of local development. Especially in regions characterized by considerable forest cover, the forest may constitute the basis and determine the pace and direction of socio-economic development. The study presents local development issues and discusses the diverse role and potential impact of the presence of forest areas on this development. The analysis of the scientific literature in this field allows us to conclude that this impact is highly significant, complex, and multifaceted and that conscious and responsible forest use planning can be the basis for the sustainable development of many territorial units.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Pietrzak-Zawadka J., Zawadka J.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2021_n16_s89.pdf

Autor	S.H. Pushpa Malkanthi, S.D. Dilini Rathnachandra, W.A. Ruwani N. Weerasinghe
Tytuł	Consumers’ Awareness on Organic Food: Case of Urban Sri Lanka
Title	Consumers’ Awareness on Organic Food: Case of Urban Sri Lanka
Słowa kluczowe	consumers’ awareness, organic food, regression analysis, urban consumer, Sri Lanka
Key words	consumers’ awareness, organic food, regression analysis, urban consumer, Sri Lanka
Abstrakt	The organic food market is rapidly expanding all over the world with the recent rise of concern in food safety and environmental protection. Thus, examining information about consumers’ awareness on organic food is one of the inspiring areas for producers and marketers to capture a greater market share successfully. Therefore, this study aimed at analyzing the consumer awareness towards organic food products while addressing socio-demographic factors affecting consumer awareness on organic food, knowledge of consumers about organic food, and their purchasing pattern. A sample of 600 consumers was selected from the main cities of six urban districts in Sri Lanka for the study. Data were collected via a consumer survey using a pre-tested questionnaire, from November 2018 to May 2019. The data analysis was carried out using frequencies, percentages, and multiple linear regression analysis. According to the results, the majority of the respondents were married females. The results revealed that Sri Lankan consumers have a better awareness on organic food. The results of the regression analysis highlighted that the consumers’ awareness is significantly affected by factors such as gender, marital status, education, and monthly income. Although most respondents have a good level of awareness on organic food, their buying trend is at a lower level. The findings of the study play an important role in promoting the organic food market and are essential for food marketing planners, researchers, and policymakers to enhance the organic food industry in the country in the future.
Abstract	The organic food market is rapidly expanding all over the world with the recent rise of concern in food safety and environmental protection. Thus, examining information about consumers’ awareness on organic food is one of the inspiring areas for producers and marketers to capture a greater market share successfully. Therefore, this study aimed at analyzing the consumer awareness towards organic food products while addressing socio-demographic factors affecting consumer awareness on organic food, knowledge of consumers about organic food, and their purchasing pattern. A sample of 600 consumers was selected from the main cities of six urban districts in Sri Lanka for the study. Data were collected via a consumer survey using a pre-tested questionnaire, from November 2018 to May 2019. The data analysis was carried out using frequencies, percentages, and multiple linear regression analysis. According to the results, the majority of the respondents were married females. The results revealed that Sri Lankan consumers have a better awareness on organic food. The results of the regression analysis highlighted that the consumers’ awareness is significantly affected by factors such as gender, marital status, education, and monthly income. Although most respondents have a good level of awareness on organic food, their buying trend is at a lower level. The findings of the study play an important role in promoting the organic food market and are essential for food marketing planners, researchers, and policymakers to enhance the organic food industry in the country in the future.
Cytowanie	Malkanthi S., Rathnachandra S., Weerasinghe W. (2021) Consumers’ Awareness on Organic Food: Case of Urban Sri Lanka.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 4: 25-36
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2021_T21(36)_n4_s25.pdf

Autor	Ewa Cieślik
Tytuł	Mapowanie produktów polskiego eksportu produktów rolno spożywczych kierowanego do wybranych krajów Unii Europejskiej w 2020 roku
Title	Mapping of the Products of Polish Agri-Food Exports to Selected European Union Countries in 2020
Słowa kluczowe	eksport, produkty rolno-spożywcze, mapowanie produktów
Key words	export, agri-food products, product mapping
Abstrakt	W artykule skupiono się na poszukiwaniu perspektyw wzrostu polskiego eksportu produktami rolno-spożywczymi z gospodarkami należącymi do Unii Europejskiej i będącymi najważniejszymi rynkami eksportowymi dla Polski w zakresie dóbr rolno-spożywczych. Zidentyfikowano grupy tych towarów, które charakteryzują się dodatnimi i ujemnymi wskaźnikami ujawnionych przewag komparatywnych oraz wskaźnikami bilansu handlowego. W badaniu zastosowano metodę opartą o macierz mapowania produktów.
Abstract	The article focuses on the search for growth prospects for Polish exports of agri-food products with economies belonging to the European Union and being the most important export markets for Poland in terms of agri-food products. Groups of these goods were identified that are characterized by positive and negative indicators of revealed comparative advantages and indicators of the trade balance. The study used a method based on the product mapping matrix.
Cytowanie	Cieślik E. (2021) Mapowanie produktów polskiego eksportu produktów rolno spożywczych kierowanego do wybranych krajów Unii Europejskiej w 2020 roku.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 4: 37-53
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2021_T21(36)_n4_s37.pdf

Autor	S.H. Pushpa Malkanthi, S.D. Dilini Rathnachandra
Tytuł	Determinants of Women’s Empowerment and Household Poverty Reduction in Imbulpe DS Division, Sri Lanka
Title	Determinants of Women’s Empowerment and Household Poverty Reduction in Imbulpe DS Division, Sri Lanka
Słowa kluczowe	empowerment, poverty reduction, women farmers, Imbulpe, Sri Lanka
Key words	empowerment, poverty reduction, women farmers, Imbulpe, Sri Lanka
Abstrakt	Women empowerment and poverty reduction are interrelated key driving forces to achieve the sustainable development of a country. However, most of the women farmers in rural areas have lack of access to adequate assets and resources, credit facilities and freedom of decision making within the households. Therefore, women empowerment is a timely important requirement to reduce the household poverty among them. This study was conducted to identify the determinants of empowerment of women farmers and also roles of them in reduction of poverty in Imbulpe Divisional Secretariat (DS) Division in Sri Lanka. In this study, 238 women farmers were selected using simple random sampling method, from purposively identified seven Grama Niladhari (GN) divisions in this area. Primary data was gathered from a field survey using a pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire from May to July 2019. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis were used as the statistical methods in data analyzing process. The result revealed that, age, education, monthly income of the respondents, economic resource accessibility, participation in decision making and freedom of mobility act as the determinants of empowerment of women farmers. The moderately significant positive nature of relationship was showed between the age of the women farmers and their role in poverty reduction. And also, the level of education, monthly income, economic resources accessibility of the respondents and participation of decision making within the household of the women farmers were showed moderately significant positive relationship with their role in poverty reduction. Therefore, encourage women farmers as rural entrepreneurs while performing their farming practices to earn additional income, enhance economic resource accessibility and motivate women farmers to express their ideas for enhance the active participation in the household decision making process are timely important requirements to empower women farmers and enhance their role in poverty reduction.
Abstract	Women empowerment and poverty reduction are interrelated key driving forces to achieve the sustainable development of a country. However, most of the women farmers in rural areas have lack of access to adequate assets and resources, credit facilities and freedom of decision making within the households. Therefore, women empowerment is a timely important requirement to reduce the household poverty among them. This study was conducted to identify the determinants of empowerment of women farmers and also roles of them in reduction of poverty in Imbulpe Divisional Secretariat (DS) Division in Sri Lanka. In this study, 238 women farmers were selected using simple random sampling method, from purposively identified seven Grama Niladhari (GN) divisions in this area. Primary data was gathered from a field survey using a pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire from May to July 2019. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis were used as the statistical methods in data analyzing process. The result revealed that, age, education, monthly income of the respondents, economic resource accessibility, participation in decision making and freedom of mobility act as the determinants of empowerment of women farmers. The moderately significant positive nature of relationship was showed between the age of the women farmers and their role in poverty reduction. And also, the level of education, monthly income, economic resources accessibility of the respondents and participation of decision making within the household of the women farmers were showed moderately significant positive relationship with their role in poverty reduction. Therefore, encourage women farmers as rural entrepreneurs while performing their farming practices to earn additional income, enhance economic resource accessibility and motivate women farmers to express their ideas for enhance the active participation in the household decision making process are timely important requirements to empower women farmers and enhance their role in poverty reduction.
Cytowanie	Malkanthi S., Rathnachandra S. (2021) Determinants of Women’s Empowerment and Household Poverty Reduction in Imbulpe DS Division, Sri Lanka.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 4: 76-90
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Autor	Linda Groma, Lasma Licite-Kurbe
Tytuł	IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN PRESERVING NATURAL CAPITAL IN LATVIA
Title
Słowa kluczowe	social entrepreneurship, sustainable entrepreneurship, environment
Key words
Abstrakt	With the increasing focus being placed on climate problems, the role of social entrepreneurship in the protection of nature and the environment becomes increasingly important in the world. The activities specified in the Sustainable Development Strategy of Latvia about the preservation of natural capital are performed by several social enterprises. The research aims to identify the role of social enterprises in performing the activities specified in the Sustainable Development Strategy of Latvia. The research has found that the Latvia 2030 strategy emphasizes the importance of fostering entrepreneurship about the preservation of natural capital as well as promoting sustainable lifestyle activities. The mentioned activities are relevant to social enterprises that are engaged in preserving and protecting the environment, as social entrepreneurs not only contribute to green entrepreneurship but also make significant investments in education and informing the public, as well as in the development of innovative entrepreneurship
Abstract
Cytowanie	Groma L., Licite-Kurbe L.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2021_n5_s44.pdf

Autor	Rolan Albornoz, Stanislava Kontsevaya, Svetlana Kontsevaya, Luboš Smutka
Tytuł	METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATION THE EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL LAND IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Title
Słowa kluczowe	land assets, economic efficiency, ecological efficiency, criteria, methods, soil quality
Key words
Abstrakt	Paper devoted estimation of the efficiency of agricultural land in the Russian Federation. Land is the main production factor in agriculture, hence it is important to know the effective usage of land. Land efficiency could be evaluated in different ways. In this paper, it was suggested to use as factors – feed units received from 1 ha arable land, amount of growing production in fair price in 1 ha, gross and net profit per 1 ha. Also, methodology suggested calculating potential yield and the potential cost of arable land, using a score of soil quality. The paper aims to suggest a methodology of economic efficiency. Case study base on agricultural company Kolos, Russia.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Albornoz R., Kontsevaya S., Kontsevaya S., Smutka L.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2021_n5_s56.pdf

Autor	Bozhidar Ivanov, Vassil Stoychev
Tytuł	COMPARISON OF COMPETITIVENESS BETWEEN BULGARIA, EU, USA, AND NEW ZEALAND DAIRY SECTORS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	dairy, index of competitiveness
Key words
Abstrakt	Defining the state of competitiveness for a particular agricultural sector is of great importance. By retaining a competitive market position sustainable economic development of the specific agricultural production is supported. Continuation of its multiple economic functions like providing raw materials for the processing industry, securing rural employment, and utilization of scarce agricultural resources is the focus of competi_x0002_tiveness goals. In the economic theory, there is no unified definition for competitiveness, while there are a va_x0002_riety of approaches to measure it, which is reflected in different applied theoretical frameworks. The research aims to compare the competitiveness of the Bulgarian dairy sector versus the EU, the USA, and New Zealand dairy sectors on the world market for the period after the accession of Bulgaria in the EU. Therefore, a con_x0002_ceptual framework has been chosen developed by Canada’s Task Force for Competitiveness. The framework is based on the ability to gain and sustainably maintain market share. For the chosen period the results show a trend of decline in the competitiveness of the Bulgarian dairy sector and improvement in the competitive_x0002_ness of the EU dairy sector. For the EU comparison, indexes of competitiveness have been calculated for the USA and New Zealand. The USA’s index slightly decreased at the end of the explored period reflecting the increased competition on the world markets while New Zealand’s high index values reveal its position as a leading dairy products exporter.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Ivanov B., Stoychev V.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2021_n5_s70.pdf

Autor	Barbara Kucharska, Mirosława Malinowska
Tytuł	Pokolenie Y na rynku żywności – perspektywa placówek gastronomicznych
Title	Generation Y on the Food Market – the Perspective of Catering Establishment
Słowa kluczowe	pokolenie Y, rynek żywności, placówka gastronomiczna
Key words	generation Y, food market, catering establishment
Abstrakt	Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja wybranych elementów zachowań pokolenia Y na rynku usług gastronomicznych oraz działań podejmowanych przez placówki gastronomiczne w kontekście tych zachowań. Realizacji celu posłużyły studia literaturowe, informacje pochodzące z czasopism branżowych oraz badania bezpośrednie przeprowadzone przez autorów artykułu. Identyfikacji wyróżników oferty placówek gastronomicznych wpisujących się w specyfikę pokolenia Y dokonano na podstawie analizie zawartości informacji zawartych na stronach internetowych placówek. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań i analiz wskazują, że pokolenie Y to niezwykle ważny podmiot rynku usług gastronomicznych – duży liczebnie, ale również innowacyjny, aktywny, szybki, wymagający. Zachowania pokolenia Y wyznaczają współczesne trendy na rynku i wymuszają podejmowanie działań przez placówki gastronomiczne zgodne z tymi trendami - w zakresie oferty, jej różnorodności i dostępności, a także wirtualizacji elementów obsługi klienta.
Abstract	The aim of the article is to identify selected elements of behaviors of generation Y on the market of catering services and activities undertaken by catering establishments in the context of these behaviors. The purpose of the article was accomplished by literature studies, information from branche magazines, and direct research carried out by the authors of the article. Identification of the distinguishing features of gastronomic establishments suitable to the specificity of generation Y was based on the analysis of the content of information contained on the websites of these establishments. The results of research and analysis indicate that Generation Y is an extremely important entity on the food service market - it is not only large in number, but also innovative, active, fast and demanding. Behaviors of generation Y determine modern market trends and force gastronomic establishments in accordance with these trends - in terms of the offer, its diversity and availability, as well as the virtualization of customer service elements.
Cytowanie	Kucharska B., Malinowska M. (2020) Pokolenie Y na rynku żywności – perspektywa placówek gastronomicznych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 20(35), z. 1: 40-51
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2020_T20(35)_n1_s40.pdf

Autor	Arkadiusz Zalewski
Tytuł	Zmiany wartości zużytych nawozów i środków ochrony roślin w krajach Unii Europejskiej w latach 2010-2018
Title	Changes in the Value of Used Fertilizers and Plant Protection Products in the Countries of the European Union in the Years 2010-2018
Słowa kluczowe	nawozy, środki ochrony roślin, Unia Europejska, metoda Warda
Key words	fertilizers, plant protection products, European Union, Ward method
Abstrakt	Aktualnie duże znaczenie w agrobiznesie mają przemysłowe środki produkcji rolnej, w tym zwłaszcza nawozy mineralne oraz chemiczne środki ochrony roślin. W artykule próbowano przedstawić i porównać zmiany wartości zużytych nawozów i środków ochrony roślin w krajach Unii Europejskiej w latach 2010-2018. Badano zmiany wartości zużytych nawozów i środków ochrony roślin w przeliczeniu na 1 ha UR oraz zmiany udziału omawianych środków produkcji w zużyciu pośrednim. Stwierdzono, że wartość zużytych nawozów i środków ochrony roślin w przeliczeniu na 1 ha UR średnio w UE zwiększyła się. Wzrósł ich również udział w zużyciu pośrednim. W wyniku grupowania obiektów metodą Warda otrzymano 4 skupienia krajów, które różniły się pomiędzy sobą pod względem zaproponowanych cech, natomiast kraje, które tworzyły dane skupienie charakteryzowały się zbliżonymi wartościami zmiennych. Krajami w których zaobserwowano zarówno wyraźny wzrost wartości zużytych nawozów i środków ochrony roślin w przeliczeniu na jednostkę powierzchni jak również zdecydowane zwiększenie ich wartości w zużyciu pośrednim były: Litwa, Bułgaria i Estonia. Spadek popytu na omawiane środki produkcji wystąpił natomiast w Belgii, Chorwacji, Słowenii, Danii, Finlandii oraz w Portugalii.
Abstract	Currently, agricultural means of production are of great importance in agribusiness, in particular mineral fertilizers and chemical plant protection products. The article attempts to present and compare changes in the value of used fertilizers and plant protection products in European Union countries in 2010-2018. Changes in the value of used fertilizers and plant protection products per 1 ha of UAA and changes in the share of these means of production in intermediate consumption were examined. It was found that the value of used fertilizers and plant protection products per 1 ha of UAA increased on average in the EU. Their share in intermediate consumption also increased. As a result of grouping objects using the Ward method, 4 clusters of countries were obtained, which differed in terms of the proposed features, while the countries that created the given cluster were characterized by similar values of variables. The countries where both a clear increase in the value of used fertilizers and plant protection products per unit area as well as a significant increase in their value in intermediate consumption were observed: Lithuania, Bulgaria and Estonia. However, a decline in demand for the discussed means of production occurred in Belgium, Croatia, Slovenia, Denmark, Finland and Portugal.
Cytowanie	Zalewski A. (2020) Zmiany wartości zużytych nawozów i środków ochrony roślin w krajach Unii Europejskiej w latach 2010-2018.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 20(35), z. 1: 78-87
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Autor	Ryszard Barczyk
Tytuł	Podstawy teoretyczne stabilizacyjnej roli narzędzi fiskalnych w gospodarce rynkowej
Title	THEORETICAL BASIS OF THE STABILIZING ROLE OF FISCAL INSTRUMENTS IN A MARKET ECONOMY
Słowa kluczowe	stabilizacja makroekonomiczna, narzędzia fiskalne dyskrecjonalne i automatyczne, wahania koniunkturalne, bezrobocie, inflacja.
Key words	macroeconomic stabilization, fiscal discretional and automatic instruments, cyclical fluctuations, unemployment, inflation.
Abstrakt	W wysoko rozwiniętych gospodarkach rynkowych są podejmowane za pomocą narzędzi fiskalnych lub/i pieniężnych działania stabilizacyjne, których celem jest m.in. wpływanie na morfologię cykli koniunkturalnych, na równowagę na rynku pracy i dążenie do utrzymywania stabilnej wartości pieniądza. Celem pracy jest zbadanie hipotetycznego wpływu dyskrecjonalnych jak i automatycznych narzędzi polityki fiskalnej na stabilizację sfery realnej jak i nominalnej zamkniętej gospodarki rynkowej. Praca ma charakter rozważań hipotetycznych, a na jej początku zostaną sformułowane cele stabilizacji makroekonomicznej i możliwości ich realizacji. W dalszej części zostaną przedstawione narzędzia fiskalne dyskrecjonalne i działające automatycznie i charakter ich wpływu na osiąganie sformułowanych wcześniej celów. Instrumenty fiskalne mogą i powinny być stosowane w działaniach stabilizacyjnych, a szczególnie ważne powinny być narzędzia działające automatycznie.
Abstract	By means of fiscal and/or monetary instruments, highly developed market economies undertake stabilization activities which aim (among other things) to influence the morphology of business cycles and the equilibrium of the labor market, as well as striving to maintain a stable value of currency. The aim of the article is to examine the hypothetical impact of both discretionary and automatic fiscal policy tools on stabilization of the real and the nominal sphere of a closed market economy. The article is hypothetical in nature. First, the aims of macroeconomic stabilization and the possibilities of their implementation are discussed. Later, discretional and automatic fiscal instruments are presented, and the nature of their impact upon accomplishment of the previously formulated goals is examined. Fiscal instruments can and should be used in stabilization activities and the tools that operate automatically should be particularly important for policy makers.
Cytowanie	Barczyk R. (2020) Podstawy teoretyczne stabilizacyjnej roli narzędzi fiskalnych w gospodarce rynkowej .Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 23(72): 7-16
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2020_n72_s7.pdf

Autor	Eugeniusz Gostomski, Błażej Lepczyński
Tytuł	Metodyczne i rynkowe aspekty ratingu listów zastawnych – doświadczenia z rynku niemieckiego
Title	METHODOLOGICAL AND MARKET ASPECTS OF COVERED BOND RATING – EXPERIENCE FROM THE GERMAN MARKET
Słowa kluczowe	listy zastawne, rating, analiza rynku.
Key words	covered bond, rating, market analysis.
Abstrakt	Rating międzynarodowych agencji ratingowych odgrywa szczególną rolę na rynku listów zastawnych. Z uwagi bowiem na duży stopień skomplikowania emisji listów zastawnych w zdecydowanej większości przypadków emisje listów zastawnych mają rating przyznany przez przynajmniej jedną międzynarodową agencję ratingową. Oznacza to, że rating stanowi ważną determinantę rozwoju rynku listów zastawnych. Nasze badania w odniesieniu do rynku niemieckiego potwierdzają tezę o dużym znaczeniu ratingu w rozwoju rynku listów zastawnych. W aspekcie metodycznym rating listów zastawnych jest kombinacją elementów ilościowych, jakościowych, a na końcowy wynik procedury ratingowej wpływ ma wynik oceny standingu finansowego emitenta listów zastawnych oraz jakości puli aktywów zabezpieczających. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że poziom ocen ratingowych niemieckich listów zastawnych jest wysoki i co równie ważne stabilny w czasie. Jednak pomimo wysokiego bezpieczeństwa listów zastawnych rating poszczególnym emisjom jest często nadawany przez dwie lub trzy agencje, co przesądza o dużym znaczeniu ratingu jako czynnika rozwojowego, przede wszystkim wspierającego wiarygodność i przejrzystość rynku.
Abstract	The ratings of global credit rating agencies play a special role in the covered bond market. Due to the high degree of complexity in the issuance of covered bonds in the vast majority of cases, an issue of covered bonds has a rating assigned by at least one credit rating agency. This means that the rating is an important determinant of the covered bond market. The main aim of the article was to examine the theoretical and practical elements related to the impact of ratings on the development of German covered bonds (Pfandbriefe). Our research confirms the thesis regarding the importance of the rating in the development of the German covered bond market. In the methodological aspect, credit rating is a combination of quantitative, qualitative and country risk elements. The research shows that the rating level of German mortgage bonds is high and, equally important, stable over time. Despite the high security of covered bonds, the rating of individual issues is awarded by two or three separate agencies, which determine the importance of the rating as a factor in the development of the market.
Cytowanie	Gostomski E., Lepczyński B. (2020) Metodyczne i rynkowe aspekty ratingu listów zastawnych – doświadczenia z rynku niemieckiego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 23(72): 68-81
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2020_n72_s68.pdf