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Autor	Agnieszka Kozera
Tytuł	Własny potencjał dochodowy gmin wiejskich w Polsce
Title	OWN INCOME POTENTIAL OF RURAL COMMUNES IN POLAND
Słowa kluczowe	własny potencjał dochodowy, dochody własne, gminy, gminy wiejskie, typy funkcjonalne
Key words	own income potential, own income, communes, rural communes, functional types
Abstrakt	Własny potencjał dochodowy samorządów gminnych stanowi jeden z czynników pozwalających kreować stabilny rozwój lokalny. Jego poziom, jak i struktura są jednak silnie zróżnicowane nie tylko pomiędzy gminami różnych typów administracyjnych, ale także wewnątrz tych grup, a szczególnie wśród gmin wiejskich. Celem głównym artykułu jest analiza kształtowania się własnego potencjału dochodowego wśród gmin wiejskich w Polsce. Analizie poddano kształtowanie się własnego potencjału dochodowego gmin wiejskich na tle pozostałych typów administracyjnych gmin w latach 2007-2016, a także wewnętrzne zróżnicowanie gmin wiejskich w tym zakresie w zależności od reprezentowanego typu funkcjonalnego. Badania przeprowadzono w oparciu o dane statystyczne pochodzące z Banku Danych Lokalnych Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego, które przetworzono z wykorzystaniem podstawowych metod statystyki opisowej i metod taksonomicznych.
Abstract	Own income potential of local government units is one of the factors that contribute to stable local development. Its level and structure, however, are strongly differentiated not only between the communes of different types of administration, but also within these groups, and especially among rural communes. The main aim of the article is to analyze the development of own income potential among rural communes in Poland. The analysis of the income potential of rural communes was carried out on the background of other administrative types of communes in the years 2007-2016, as well as was conducted the research of internal diversity of rural communes in this area, depending on the type of the functional type. The research was conducted on the basis of data from the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office, which were processed using basic methods of descriptive statistics and taxonomic methods.
Cytowanie	Kozera A. (2018) Własny potencjał dochodowy gmin wiejskich w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 19(68): 95-106
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2018_n68_s95.pdf

Autor	Urszula Konarzewska, Grażyna Michalczuk
Tytuł	Komunikowanie działań CSR w procesie społecznie odpowiedzialnego inwestowania
Title	COMMUNICATION OF CSR ACRIVITIES IN THE PROCESS OF SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE INVESTING
Słowa kluczowe	społeczna odpowiedzialność biznesu, społecznie odpowiedzialne inwestowanie, komunikowanie działań społecznie odpowiedzialnych
Key words	corporate social responsibility, socially responsible investing, communication of socially responsible activities
Abstrakt	Efektywność bieżącej działalności przedsiębiorstwa oraz realizacja jego celów rozwojowych wiąże się nierozerwalnie z pozyskiwaniem odpowiednich zasobów kapitału. Znalezienie inwestorów w coraz większym stopniu uwarunkowane jest nie tylko budowaniem wizerunku firmy wiarygodnej finansowo. Wielu inwestorów w procesie wyboru portfela tradycyjne kryteria finansowe uzupełnia również zasadami społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu. Rozwój koncepcji społecznie odpowiedzialnego inwestowania wywołuje zainteresowanie zwiększoną aktywnością przedsiębiorstw w zakresie dostarczania informacji nie tylko w perspektywie finansowej, ale też społecznej i środowiskowej. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie znaczenia komunikacji działań CSR w procesie społecznie odpowiedzialnego inwestowania. Punktem wyjścia do realizacji tak sformułowanego celu było przedstawienie teoretycznych podstaw koncepcji społecznie odpowiedzialnego inwestowania, jak i zagadnień związanych z komunikowaniem informacji z zakresu CSR, mogących w istotny sposób wspierać ten proces. W dalszej części artykułu skoncentrowano się na analizie podejścia do komunikowania działań społecznie odpowiedzialnych przez spółki wchodzące w skład indeksu RESPECT . Badania wykazały, że spółki Indeksu RESPECT są świadome znaczenia ujawniania informacji z obszaru społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu. Większość z nich nie ogranicza się do komunikowania kwestii ekonomicznych, społecznych i środowiskowych w sprawozdaniach z działalności, ale publikuje dodatkowo odrębne raporty CSR, bądź też raporty zintegrowane, które za pomocą jednego dokumentu prezentują zarówno finansowe, jak i niefinansowe aspekty prowadzonej działalności gospodarczej.
Abstract	The effectiveness of the enterprise's current activity and achieving its development objectives is inextricably linked to the raising the adequate amount of capital. Finding investors increasingly is determined not only by building financial credibility. During the process of selecting the portfolio, many investors complements traditional financial criteria by additional set of corporate social responsibility rules. The development of socially responsible investing causes the interest in increased activity of enterprises in providing information not only in the financial but also in the social and environmental perspective. The aim of the article is to present the importance of communication of CSR activities in the process of socially responsible investing. The starting point for the implementation of a such formulated purpose was to present theoretical basis of the concept of socially responsible investing as well as the issues related to CSR communication, which may support this type of investing. Next, the paper focuses on the analysis of approach to communication of socially responsible activities by companies included in RESPECT Index. Results of the research lead to the conclusion that companies included in the RESPECT Index are aware of the importance of disclosing information concerning corporate social responsibility. Most of them are not limited to communicating economic, social and environmental issues within activity reports, but in addition, publish separate CSR reports or integrated reports which present in one document both financial and non-financial aspects of business activity.
Cytowanie	Konarzewska U., Michalczuk G. (2018) Komunikowanie działań CSR w procesie społecznie odpowiedzialnego inwestowania.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 19(68): 132-142
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2018_n68_s132.pdf

Autor	Aldona Standar
Tytuł	Realizacja wydatków inwestycyjnych a kondycja finansowa JST. Przykład gmin wiejskich województwa wielkopolskiego
Title	IMPLEMENTATION OF INVESTMENT EXPENDITURES VERSUS FINANCIAL CONDITION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS. AN EXAMPLE OF RURAL COMMUNES IN THE WIELKOPOLSKA PROVINCE
Słowa kluczowe	analiza wariancji, JST, kondycja finansowa, metoda TOPSIS, wydatki inwestycyjne.
Key words	variance analysis, local governments, TOPSIS method, investment expenditures.
Abstrakt	Celem badania było sprawdzenie zależności pomiędzy kondycją finansową a realizacją wydatków inwestycyjnych na przykładzie gmin wiejskich województwa wielkopolskiego. W pierwszej części przedstawiono kształtowanie się badanego wskaźnika wydatków inwestycyjnych na mieszkańca uwzględniając miary statystyki opisowej. Następnie pogrupowano gminy według badanej miary i porównano z syntetycznym miernikiem kondycji finansowej. Kolejno zbadano zależność pomiędzy tymi miarami, a wynik świadczący o jej wystąpieniu stał się podstawą dalszej analizy. Ustalono, że to gminy o najkorzystniejszej sytuacji finansowej zrealizowały największe inwestycje, których wynik był statystycznie istotnie wyższy niż pozostałych grup JST. W ostatniej części udowodniono, że wspomniana zależność występuje również pomiędzy analizowanym wskaźnikiem wydatków inwestycyjnych a zmiennymi finansowymi świadczącymi o kondycji finansowej gmin.
Abstract	The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between financial condition and the implementation of investment expenditures on the example of rural communes of the Wielkopolska province. The first part presents the development of the investment expenditure per capita by means of the descriptive statistics. Subsequently, the communes was grouped according to the surveyed measure and compared with the synthetic financial condition measure. The correlation between these measures was examined successively and the result of its occurrence became the basis for deepening the analysis. It was found that the communes with the most favorable financial situation achieved the largest investments, the result of which was statistically significantly higher than the other groups of local government units. In the last part it was proved that the mentioned dependency also occurs between the analyzed investment expenditure index and the financial variables giving the financial condition of communes.
Cytowanie	Standar A. (2018) Realizacja wydatków inwestycyjnych a kondycja finansowa JST. Przykład gmin wiejskich województwa wielkopolskiego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 19(68): 248-261
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2018_n68_s248.pdf

Autor	Andrzej Jędruchniewicz, Jacek Maśniak
Tytuł	Przemiany własnościowe ziemi rolnej w Polsce
Title	Changes in agricultural land ownership in Poland
Słowa kluczowe	rolnictwo, własność, prywatyzacja ziemi rolnej, gospodarstwo rodzinne
Key words	agriculture, property, agricultural land privatization, family household
Abstrakt	Celem opracowania jest przedstawienie i ocena procesu przekształceń własnościowych ziemi rolnej w Polsce z uwzględnieniem roli, jaką odegrała polityka kształtowania polskiego modelu rolnictwa opartego na gospodarstwach rodzinnych. Zadaniem obecnie prowadzonej polityki kształtowania ustroju rolnego jest ochrona i rozwój gospodarstw rodzinnych. Od 2003 roku występują ułatwienia w dostępie do ziemi dla tych gospodarstw. W latach 1992–2016 Agencja Nieruchomości Rolnych sprzedała łącznie ponad 2,6 mln ha gruntów rolnych. Osoby fizyczne zakupiły 80,8% sprywatyzowanych gruntów rolnych, a 19,2% tego typu gruntów nabyły osoby prawne. W 2016 roku w gospodarstwach prywatnych znajdowało się 91,4% użytków rolnych ogółem, a własność publiczna stanowiła 8,6%. Struktura własnościowa ziemi rolnej w Polsce jest zróżnicowana przestrzennie. Udział prywatnej własności jest największy w województwach mazowieckim i świętokrzyskim, a najmniejszy w województwie zachodniopomorskim.
Abstract	The aim of the article was to present the process of agricultural land privatization in Poland, taking into account the role that this policy has played in terms of shaping the Polish agricultural model, based on family households. The purpose of the current agrarian system shaping policy is the protection and development of family households. Since 2003 there have been facilitated access to land for family households. Between 1992 and 2016, the total of over 2.6 million ha of agricultural land were sold. Natural persons acquired the total of 81% of privatized agricultural land, with the 19% being acquired by legal entities. In 2016 private farms accounted for 91.4% of total agricultural land, while public ownership accounted for 8.6%. The ownership structure of agricultural land in Poland is spatially diversified. The share of private ownership is the largest in the Mazowieckie and Świętokrzyskie Voivodships, and the smallest in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodship.
Cytowanie	Jędruchniewicz A., Maśniak J. (2018) Przemiany własnościowe ziemi rolnej w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 121: 25-39
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2018_n121_s25.pdf

Autor	Jakub Kraciuk
Tytuł	Bezpieczeństwo żywnościowe Polski na tle wybranych krajów Europy Wschodniej
Title	Food security in the selected countries of Eastern Europe
Słowa kluczowe	bezpieczeństwo żywnościowe, kraje Europy Wschodniej
Key words	food security, Eastern Europe countries
Abstrakt	Celem artykułu jest ukazanie stanu bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego Polski oraz trzech krajów Europy Wschodniej sąsiadujących z naszym krajem: Białorusi, Rosji i Ukrainy. Analizowane kraje różnią się między sobą zarówno pod względem wielkości posiadanego potencjału gospodarczego, wielkości samych gospodarek, jak i poziomem ich rozwoju. Gospodarki poszczególnych krajów charakteryzuje też określona specyfika. W pierwszej części opracowania ukazano podstawy teoretyczne analizy bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego jako elementu bezpieczeństwa ekonomicznego. W następnej części dokonano charakterystyki analizowanych krajów, ukazując ich specyfikę oraz główne determinanty rozwoju. W części analitycznej przedstawiono stan bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego analizowanych krajów, wykorzystując Global Food Security Index, który został opracowany na zlecenie firmy DuPont przez Economist Intelligence Unit. Ukazano trzy składowe indeksu bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego, jakimi są: dostępność cenowa, dostęp do żywności oraz jakość i bezpieczeństwo żywności. Biorąc pod uwagę niektóre determinanty składowych bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego, podjęto próbę oceny wpływu rozwoju gospodarczego poszczególnych krajów na ich bezpieczeństwo żywnościowe.
Abstract	The aim of the article is to present the state of food security in Poland and the three neighbouring Eastern European countries: Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. The analysed countries differ in terms of the size of their economic potential, the size of the economies, and the level of their development. The economy of each country is also marked by specific characteristics. In the first part, the paper presents the theoretical basis of food security as an element of economic security. In the next part, the characteristics of the analysed countries are presented showing their specificity and main determinants of development. The empirical part describes the state of food security in the examined countries using the Global Food Security Index, which was developed at the request of DuPont by the Economist Intelligence Unit. Three components of the food safety index are presented: price availability, access to food as well as food quality and safety. Considering some determinants of food safety components, an attempt was made to assess the impact of economic development of individual countries on their food security
Cytowanie	Kraciuk J. (2018) Bezpieczeństwo żywnościowe Polski na tle wybranych krajów Europy Wschodniej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 121: 41-53
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2018_n121_s41.pdf

Autor	Katarzyna Kita
Tytuł	Zmiany samowystarczalności żywnościowej wybranych krajów azjatyckich
Title	Changes in food self-suffi ciency of selected Asian countries
Słowa kluczowe	samowystarczalność żywnościowa, spożycie produktów rolno-żywnościowych, ryż, ASEAN
Key words	food self-suffi ciency, agri-food consumption, rice, ASEAN
Abstrakt	Celem artykułu jest określenie zmian poziomu samowystarczalności żywnościowej w krajach ASEAN, definiowanej jako relacja między krajowym zużyciem a produkcją z wyodrębnieniem konsumpcji poszczególnych artykułów rolno-spożywczych. Z uwagi na uwarunkowania historyczne, geograficzne i kulturowe ryż jest w centrum zainteresowania rządów krajów ASEAN. Tylko w Tajlandii, Wietnamie i Kambodży wskaźnik samowystarczalności przewyższał 100%. Z kolei we wszystkich krajach członkowskich produkcja zaspokajała potrzeby rynku wewnętrznego w zakresie roślin cukrodajnych. Stosunkowo największe braki w produkcji odnotowano w odniesieniu do mleka. Zaobserwowano także wzrost spożycia produktów rolno-spożywczych zarówno pochodzenia roślinnego (z wyjątkiem zbóż, roślin okopowych), jak i zwierzęcego. Przy czym większą dynamiką charakteryzowała się konsumpcja tych ostatnich. Odnotowany rosnący popyt na produkty pochodzenia zwierzęcego jest efektem szybkiego rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego krajów ASEAN, w ślad za którym następują zmiany w strukturze konsumpcji żywności w kierunku wzorców obserwowanych w krajach rozwiniętych.
Abstract	The aim of the article is to discuss changes food self-sufficiency in ASEAN countries, defined as the proportion of domestic consumption to domestic production. With regard to rice, which due to historical, geographical and cultural conditions is the focus of the governments of all member countries in ASEAN, only in Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia the self-sufficiency rate exceeded 100%. In turn, in all Member States, production has met the needs of the internal markets in the field of sugar crops. Relatively biggest shortages of production were noticed for milk. An increase in the consumption of agri-food products of both vegetable origin and animal products was observed. But the consumption of the latter was more dynamic. The growing demand for products of animal origin is the result of rapid socio-economic development of ASEAN countries, followed by changes in the structure of food consumed towards patterns observed in developed countries.
Cytowanie	Kita K. (2018) Zmiany samowystarczalności żywnościowej wybranych krajów azjatyckich.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 121: 55-70
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2018_n121_s55.pdf

Autor	Maryla Bieniek - Majka, Anna Matuszczak
Tytuł	HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION PROCESSES IN THE LIGHT OF THE PARADIGM OF INDUSTRIAL AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE – CASE STUDY OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PRODUCERS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	industrial agriculture, sustainable agriculture, fruit and vegetable producer groups and organisations
Key words
Abstrakt	The aim of this article was to initiate a discussion on the possibility of implementing the paradigm of sustainable agriculture by integrated fruit and vegetable producers. On the basis of the literature review the concept of industrial and sustainable agriculture and the dual model combining the advantages of both ideas were presented. Research has shown that institutional solutions have inspired horticulturists to join producer groups/ /organisations, resulting in an increase in the number of products offered on the domestic and international market. The strength of the correlation analysed between the number of producer groups/organisations and the selected characteristics of the fruit and vegetable market showed that integrated producers have a greater impact on the vegetable market than fruit. This impact had the properties of industrial agriculture. The structure of Polish groups/organisations in terms of their number allows us to suppose that, as small, often family businesses, they have premises to implement the paradigm of sustainable agriculture using the dual model. However, such an idea requires further long-term institutional support.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Bieniek - Majka M., Matuszczak A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s21.pdf

Autor	Wojciech Józwiak, Zofia Mirkowska, Wojciech Ziętara
Tytuł	ROLE OF LARGER FARMS IN POLAND AND SELECTED EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES IN 2005 AND 2016
Title
Słowa kluczowe	farms, UAA, agricultural production
Key words
Abstrakt	The rates of increase in labour costs in non-agricultural sections and prices of means of production for agriculture, which are higher than selling prices of agricultural products in countries with a market economy have resulted in a decrease in unit profitability of agricultural production. Farmers wishing to obtain a satisfactory income must increase their production scale, mainly by increasing farm area. The study covers two intentionally selected groups of countries differing with regard to economic development specified by gross domestic product (GDP) value per capita. The reason for this selection is the dependence of the farms’ economic strength on the national economy level of analysed countries. The first group of countries with a high level of this indicator (GDP) includes: Denmark, Sweden, Ireland, the Netherlands, Austria, Germany, Belgium, Great Britain and France. The second group covers – Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria. Analyses covered the changes in average farm area, share of farms with an area of 30 ha of UAA or more in the total number of farms, land use, employment and standard production in 2005 and 2016. In both groups, the following increased in the analysed period: the average farm area and share of larger farms in land use and production. In the majority of analysed countries, the share of farms with an area of 100 ha or more, when it comes to production, exceeded 50%.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Józwiak W., Mirkowska Z., Ziętara W.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s28.pdf

Autor	Tetyana Bilyk, Volodymyr Ivanyshyn, Oleg Kucher
Tytuł	MARKETING STRATEGY FORMATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIC PRODUCTION IN THE UKRAINE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	marketing strategies, organic production, organic product sales, government support
Key words
Abstrakt	The article examines the state and prospects of organic production by agricultural enterprises in the Ukraine. Existing natural, climatic and soil potential for the production of organic agricultural products as well as their export and consumption in the domestic market are characterized. It was noted that the development of organic production is one of the main priorities of the agrarian sector of the Ukrainian economy. State support for the development of this type of production is being implemented, as reflected in ‘3 + 5’ as a strategy for the development of the agrarian sector of the economy for the period until 2020. Attention is drawn to the instability of the environment, insufficient development of demand and limitations of financial resources, which hinder the realization of Ukraine’s potential in this segment of the agrarian sector. The conclusion on the necessity of applying marketing strategies for promoting and marketing organic products on domestic and foreign markets is drawn. The model of forming a marketing strategy of organic production development in the Ukraine is offered.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Bilyk T., Ivanyshyn V., Kucher O.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s34.pdf

Autor	Bazyli Czyżewski, Anna Matuszczak, Andrea Muntean
Tytuł	ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN AGRICULTURE: DIFFERENT WAYS OF QUANTIFICATION
Title
Słowa kluczowe	environmental burden, eco-efficiency, eco-effectiveness, sustainable development, agriculture, EU regions
Key words
Abstrakt	The main goal of the article is to compare three approaches to measuring environmental sustainability in agriculture: (1) environmental burden index, (2) sustainable value of eco-efficient production and (3) sustainable value of eco-effective farm, applied by the authors to the sample of 125 EUFADN regions in 2015. The study indicate a fundamental problem: the notion of environmental sustainability in agriculture differs depending on the criterion we apply. The authors recognized a principle trade-off in CAP which consist of compensating strain on the natural environment with production or with public goods provision. The choice between these two effects is crucial to draw a consistent development path for the Common Agricultural Policy.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Czyżewski B., Matuszczak A., Muntean A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s40.pdf

Autor	Maiga Kruzmetra, Baiba Rivza
Tytuł	ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AS ONE OF THE SMART AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN RURAL TERRITORIES
Title
Słowa kluczowe	rural territories; sustainable development; economic activities
Key words
Abstrakt	Rural territory is an important part of the community’s living space, moreover, it is a living space for sustainable and smart development. With the growing public demand for a healthy living environment and healthy food, the role of rural territory as a living space for community and the necessity to maintain its sustainable development is increasing. However, the sustainability of rural territories as a living space will be preserved only when residents are ready for changes and if national institutions and local governments are promoting trends politically and practically. The aim of the research: to examine economic activity in the rural areas of Latvia with regard to promoting the sustainable and smart development direction during 2009–2016 and to assess the results achieved. An analysis of the information on entrepreneurship expansion used in the research allows making a number of conclusions. Even though Latvia has the lowest competitiveness rating among Poland, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, at the same time, it is characterized by the highest growth rates and small distances among these countries. The reduction of these differences was significantly influenced by economic activity expansion, including the knowledge economy segment in Latvia. The growth of the economy in the rural territories surpasses the growth rates in major cities. The rural space has confirmed its suitability for the innovative functioning and growth of the economy.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Kruzmetra M., Rivza B.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s48.pdf

Autor	Tetiana Balanovska, Olga Gogulya, Barbara Wyrzykowska
Tytuł	THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEUR COMPETENCIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	entrepreneurship, competency, entrepreneur, rural areas
Key words
Abstrakt	The article substantiates that entrepreneurship is the basis of the country’s economy, a prerequisite for the revival of rural areas. It represents environmental factors that impede the formation of a competitive business environment in the Ukraine, and, accordingly, the achievement of indicators of efficiency of entrepreneurial activity. The essence of competence of the entrepreneur and its components is also considered. Different points of view of scientists are generalized and a list of competencies, which should be owned and developed by an entrepreneur in the course of his/her activity in order to harmoniously grow as a socially responsible person is also presented in the paper. The expediency of forming entrepreneurial competence in the process of vocational training of young people to life in society, their future activity in new market conditions, as well as the logical sequence of using the skills and abilities of an entrepreneur through the implementation of key competencies is substantiated. The methodical aspects of assessing the level of competence of the entrepreneur are provided. The results of this will allow to develop directions and measures for improving the process of forming the entrepreneurial competence of employees, increasing the quality of the work force, and providing competitive advantages through the use of human resources in the agricultural sector of the economy.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Balanovska T., Gogulya O., Wyrzykowska B.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s55.pdf

Autor	Kateryna Voloshchuk, Yuliia Voloshchuk, Vitaliy Voloshchuk
Tytuł	INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	innovation, innovative development, strategy, digital economy
Key words
Abstrakt	It is determined that in economic science there is no single approach to the interpretation of the concept of ‘innovation’. It is suggested that taking into account the radical changes that are in the world economy today it is necessary to use the extended concept of innovation, which should be understood as the results of the development transformation, research, ideas and their combination into a radically new or improved technological, economic, social solution, the results of which can be applied in practice. The main indicators that determine the level of innovation development of a country or region and provide an opportunity to determine the impact on economic development are covered. The place of Ukraine in such ratings according to indicators of innovative development in 2017, 2018 and problems that cause their low level are defined. The improvement directions of the innovative development level of the country are defined and the real steps taken by the government of the country to correct the negative trends through the introduction of digital transformation of the country’s economy, the transition from raw material to high-tech production and the basis of innovative IT technologies and communications are shown.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Voloshchuk K., Voloshchuk Y., Voloshchuk V.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s62.pdf

Autor	Ioana Comanescu, Diana Foris, Tiberiu Foris
Tytuł	TRENDS IN ROMANIAN AGRITOURISM IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Title
Słowa kluczowe	agritourism, agritourism infrastructure and accommodation capacity, tourist arrivals, sustainable development
Key words
Abstrakt	Agritourism plays an important role for sustainable development, acting as integrator for other economic sectors, like agriculture, transport, services, preserving the traditions and historical heritage. This study presents the analysis of the evolution of the agritourism infrastructure and of the main tourism indicators for Romania as agritourism travel destination, emphasizing the importance of this sector in the development of the tourism industry. Quantitative and comparative analyses were carried out regarding the total number and the existing accommodation capacity for tourist boarding houses and agritourist boarding houses and the numerical evolution for domestic arrivals and international arrivals throughout the period between 2006 and 2016. In conclusion, Romania is an important agritourism destination, well known at national and international level for its natural and anthropic resources in rural areas.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Comanescu I., Foris D., Foris T.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s81.pdf

Autor	Grzegorz Kunikowski
Tytuł	LOW-CARBON ECONOMY PLANNING IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR
Title
Słowa kluczowe	general regional economics, alternative energy sources, government policy
Key words
Abstrakt	The article presents the results of analysis of low carbon economy planning in public administration, as well as technological and non-technological solutions present in Poland and the EU. The review of documentation, being a formal basis for dealing with problems by public administration and local authorities, and the analysis of sample programmes and plan indicate that the main determinant of low carbon economy development in Poland is the state of the natural environment, particularly air quality and availability of financial support for investments, which is dependent on the possession of specific planning documents. Technological solutions are economically verified as network parity, which indicates the importance of organizational, fiscal and financial solutions.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Kunikowski G.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s103.pdf

Autor	Michal Borychowski
Tytuł	LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN THE LIQUID BIOFUELS SECTOR IN SELECTED EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES
Title
Słowa kluczowe	biofuels, production, turnover, job creation, labour productivity in the liquid biofuel sector
Key words
Abstrakt	The development of the liquid biofuels sector has been dynamic for more than 10 years, but from the very beginning of this process has been accompanied by a number of controversies as the production and use of liquid biofuels have both positive and negative effects. These consequences primary concern socio-economic and environmental areas. The most important economic benefits are connected with production, turnover and employment in the biofuels industry and the development of agriculture through higher demand on agricultural commodities. The aim of the paper was to quantify labour productivity in the liquid biofuels sector in European Union countries. It is hypothesized that highly developed countries (measured by GDP per capita) have higher labour productivity in the liquid biofuels industry than poorer European Union countries. The second hypothesis states that countries with high liquid biofuel production have higher labour productivity than other countries. The period under research covered the years 2009–2015. The data are mainly from Eurostat, EurObserv’ER consortium and World Bank. This research provides the general conclusion that a high level of economic development is not accompanied by high labour productivity (two types) in the liquid biofuels sector (there is no significant positive correlation). The same applies to the relation between biofuel production volume and labour productivity. The research proves that a high level of GDP per capita or the big scale of biofuel production (and use) is not a determinant of high labour productivity in this sector.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Borychowski M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s116.pdf

Autor	Urszula Konarzewska, Grażyna Michalczuk
Tytuł	SOCIAL REPORTING AS A TOOL FOR ACHIEVING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	sustainable development, social reporting, GRI
Key words
Abstrakt	The concept of sustainable development is not only the subject of theoretical consideration but also an important field of actions taken by international institutions. The adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is one of the results of these activities A special role in this area is attributed to companies which are expected to incorporate the sustainable development principles into long-term business strategy. Social reporting is a tool for support this process. It provides an information on activities and results in social and envi ronmental fields. The aim of the article is to identify trends associated with the publishing information re lated to Sustainable Development Goals. The realization of the article’s purpose was based on descriptive method consists of analysis of the subject-related literature concerning social re porting and sustainable development. In addition, the method of desk research was applied. Results of the research lead to the conclusion that implementation of challenges related to Agenda 2030 had an impact on increase the number of companies published social reports which contain information concerning sustainable development. However, in order to further develop this type of reporting, it is essential to improve the involvement of governments and other regulatory institutions in the areas of educational activities as well as take the promotional initiatives such as encouraging the use of the GRI Reporting Framework which allows to increase the transparency and ensure comparability and credibility of social reports. The article constitutes a contribution to research on the practice of social reporting.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Konarzewska U., Michalczuk G.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s125.pdf

Autor	Agnieszka Borowska
Tytuł	OPPORTUNITIES AND BARRIERS REGARDING THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL BEAN PRODUCTION WITH GEOGRAPHICAL CERTIFICATION IN POLAND
Title
Słowa kluczowe	regional beans, production, price
Key words
Abstrakt	The objective of the study is to present opportunities and barriers concerning the development of regional bean production with geographical indication and designation of origin, in Poland, in 2012-2017. The specificity, scale and conditions of production of three Polish regional bean species are described including the background of changes in the area cultivated with bean, its yield, production and development of buying-in prices. Attention is drawn to objective and subjective factors slowing down the certification process of leguminous crop production in accordance with producer specification. Information from the following databases has been used in the study: FAOSTAT, Eurostat, GUS (Central Statistical Office), JIHARS (Agricultural and Food Quality Inspection), as well as the following associations of regional bean producers (Association of Climbing Bean ‘Piękny Jaś’ Producers in Wrzawy, Association of Bean Producers in Nowy Korczyn, Cooperative ‘Dolina Dunajca’ and LAG (Local Action Group) ‘Biała-Dunajec’). The niche character and small previous production volume mean that regional beans PDO and PGI are only available in season for a small group of consumers. Little interest from producers of production certification makes it difficult to recognize that this pro-development activity is rather amateur at the current stage of building the regional food market in Poland.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Borowska A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s133.pdf

Autor	Bruno Chiarini, Antonella Dagostino, Elisabetta Marzano, Andrea Regoli
Tytuł	SUSTAINABILITY IN URBAN VS. RURAL AREAS: A COMPARISON OF SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE INDICATORS ACROSS EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Title
Słowa kluczowe	perception of pollution, concentration of particulate matter, cross-country comparison
Key words
Abstrakt	In this paper, starting from the approach described in Chiarini et al. (2017), who have provided a subjective measure of the environmental impact of cities (subjective EIC) at the country level, we extend the analysis comparing their indicator with the objective measure of the environmental impact of cities (objective EIC) suggested by Agenda 2030, namely mean levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10). The comparison between subjective and objective indicators of the EIC is a novelty in the panorama of the available studies, and provides useful results for policy analysis. In fact, the relative ranking of countries changes according to the metric adopted, and the analysis of association with macroeconomic indicators of development and growth reveal that subjective and objective EIC indicators might influence/be influenced by different macrofactors.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Chiarini B., Dagostino A., Marzano E., Regoli A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s140.pdf

Autor	Andrzej Czyżewski, Sebastian Stępień
Tytuł	DISCOVERING ECONOMICS IN THE EU’S COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE NEW PERIOD 2021–2026
Title
Słowa kluczowe	common agricultural policy, economics, paradigm, recommendations
Key words
Abstrakt	The aim of the publication is to assess the functioning of common agricultural policy (CAP) in the context of its relationship with the paradigm of industrial and sustained development of the food economy. The idea is to find a relationship between specific instruments of the EU’s agricultural policy and the assumptions of the adopted paradigms, and thus formulate certain general application premises and solutions in three areas: justification for the support of the agricultural sector, the problem of income deprivation of agricultural producers, and the change of the industrial-technological development model, predominant in agriculture, into sustained development. In light of the presented discussion, the occurrence of the following three economic CAP premises was confirmed: the need for financial support for the agricultural sector, the drainage of agricultural producers in the food supply chain, and the superiority of sustainably developed agriculture over industrial agriculture. As a result, recommendations concerning common agricultural policy after 2020 were given. The most important ones include: maintaining as high a level of support for agriculture as possible at an EU level, maintaining the system of direct subsidies as the most important instrument of equalising agricultural income, limiting unequal distribution of payments among small and large farms, enhancing the position of the farmer in the food chain, implementating a mandatory risk management instrument, and establishing an ‘environmental budget’ financing public goods.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Czyżewski A., Stępień S.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s154.pdf