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Autor	Alina Daniłowska, Aigerim Duisenbekova
Tytuł	Assessment of Food Security in the East Kazakhstan Region
Title	Assessment of Food Security in the East Kazakhstan Region
Słowa kluczowe	sustainability, agriculture, agri-food policy, food security
Key words	sustainability, agriculture, agri-food policy, food security
Abstrakt	The article assesses the food security of one region of Kazakhstan - the East Kazakhstan region. In the analyses, criteria such as the level of the region’s food independence, the degree of satisfaction of the population’s physiological needs in basic food, and the level of economic availability of food were applied. The research has shown that the food security in the East Kazakhstan region was at an acceptable level. However, some threats to food security were identified, including: a high level of income differentiation among the households of the East Kazakhstan region, an increase in the price index for food products, and a significant proportion of the population with incomes below the subsistence minimum. The results of the evaluation can be useful for creating agri-food policy measures that will ensure, maintain and improve the level of food security at both a regional and national level.
Abstract	The article assesses the food security of one region of Kazakhstan - the East Kazakhstan region. In the analyses, criteria such as the level of the region’s food independence, the degree of satisfaction of the population’s physiological needs in basic food, and the level of economic availability of food were applied. The research has shown that the food security in the East Kazakhstan region was at an acceptable level. However, some threats to food security were identified, including: a high level of income differentiation among the households of the East Kazakhstan region, an increase in the price index for food products, and a significant proportion of the population with incomes below the subsistence minimum. The results of the evaluation can be useful for creating agri-food policy measures that will ensure, maintain and improve the level of food security at both a regional and national level.
Cytowanie	Daniłowska A., Duisenbekova A. (2021) Assessment of Food Security in the East Kazakhstan Region.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 3: 4-13
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2021_T21(36)_n3_s4.pdf

Autor	Agata Balińska, Wioletta Olejniczak
Tytuł	CERTIFICATION OF HIGH-QUALITY FOOD PRODUCTSIN THE PERCEPTION OF STUDENTS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	food products, high quality, certification
Key words
Abstrakt	This study aimed to investigate the perception of high-quality food products by young consumers, theirrecognition of logos assigned to registered products, and their experience in purchasing this type of product.The study involved desk research, computer-assisted web interviews (CAWI), and observation. The resultsof the survey conducted on a sample of 329 students of Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW) showedthat the respondents’ recognition of high-quality food products was low. More than half of the respondentsdeclared that they do not pay attention to labels when shopping for food, while those who buy certified foodproducts indicated the following reasons: curiosity, promotion, or loyalty to a specific product. Almost one infour respondents declared that they do not buy imitations of original products covered by the registration.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Balińska A., Olejniczak W.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2021_n5_s15.pdf

Autor	Nataliia Blenda, Vitaliy Rybchak
Tytuł	Features of food market formation in Ukraine
Title
Słowa kluczowe	food market, food products, self-sufficiency, export, import
Key words
Abstrakt	The article examines the peculiarities of the formation of the food market of Ukraine and trends in its development. The actual capacity of the domestic market for certain products has been determined, taking into account the decrease in the average per capita consumption of certain food products by the population and the reduction in the population of Ukraine. It is established that the growth of gross output of agricultural products has improved the level of self-sufficiency in food in Ukraine. Meeting the needs of the population in food, within its purchasing power, is almost entirely provided by domestic products, except fruits, berries, and grapes. The level and dynamics of import dependence of the food market as a whole and in the context of individual product groups are determined.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Blenda N., Rybchak V.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2021_n16_s5.pdf

Autor	S.H. Pushpa Malkanthi, S.D. Dilini Rathnachandra
Tytuł	Female Farmers’ Agricultural Information Needs and Food Production: A Case Study of Imbulpe ds Division in Sri Lanka
Title	Female Farmers’ Agricultural Information Needs and Food Production: A Case Study of Imbulpe ds Division in Sri Lanka
Słowa kluczowe	agricultural information, Imbulpe, information needs, Sri Lanka, women farmers
Key words	agricultural information, Imbulpe, information needs, Sri Lanka, women farmers
Abstrakt	The study was conducted to find out female farmers’ agricultural information needs and their impact on food production, in the Imbulpe DS Division in Sri Lanka. Of the female farmers in the area, 238 were taken as the sample for the study from seven selected Grama Niladhari (GN) divisions in the area. Female farmers were selected by using a simple random sampling method from these purposively selected GN divisions. A pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaire survey was used as the primary data collection method from March to July 2019. Data analysis was done by using descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis. The result revealed that the majority (62.6%) of respondents were middle aged (40-59 years), married, and belonged to families with 4-5 members. Most respondents (64.3 %) had studied up to junior secondary education level. Their average farm land size is 0.84 acres and they have farming experience of about 15 years. Most of the respondents mentioned that they had obtained higher levels of information needs about improved crop varieties. In addition, female farmers reported that they moderately need information on application of agrochemicals, improved market systems and modern farming technologies. Extension agents and other female farmers act as their major sources of agricultural information and ICT equipment acts as the least important agricultural information source in this area. Moreover, there is a significant positive association between the agricultural information needs and food production. Therefore, providing necessary agricultural information and enhanced utilization of ICT tools for agricultural information sources, and encouraging female farmers to participate in farming societies will lead to enhanced food production in this area.
Abstract	The study was conducted to find out female farmers’ agricultural information needs and their impact on food production, in the Imbulpe DS Division in Sri Lanka. Of the female farmers in the area, 238 were taken as the sample for the study from seven selected Grama Niladhari (GN) divisions in the area. Female farmers were selected by using a simple random sampling method from these purposively selected GN divisions. A pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaire survey was used as the primary data collection method from March to July 2019. Data analysis was done by using descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis. The result revealed that the majority (62.6%) of respondents were middle aged (40-59 years), married, and belonged to families with 4-5 members. Most respondents (64.3 %) had studied up to junior secondary education level. Their average farm land size is 0.84 acres and they have farming experience of about 15 years. Most of the respondents mentioned that they had obtained higher levels of information needs about improved crop varieties. In addition, female farmers reported that they moderately need information on application of agrochemicals, improved market systems and modern farming technologies. Extension agents and other female farmers act as their major sources of agricultural information and ICT equipment acts as the least important agricultural information source in this area. Moreover, there is a significant positive association between the agricultural information needs and food production. Therefore, providing necessary agricultural information and enhanced utilization of ICT tools for agricultural information sources, and encouraging female farmers to participate in farming societies will lead to enhanced food production in this area.
Cytowanie	Malkanthi S., Rathnachandra S. (2021) Female Farmers’ Agricultural Information Needs and Food Production: A Case Study of Imbulpe ds Division in Sri Lanka.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 2: 22-32
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2021_T21(36)_n2_s22.pdf

Autor	S.H. Pushpa Malkanthi, S.D. Dilini Rathnachandra, W.A. Ruwani N. Weerasinghe
Tytuł	Consumers’ Awareness on Organic Food: Case of Urban Sri Lanka
Title	Consumers’ Awareness on Organic Food: Case of Urban Sri Lanka
Słowa kluczowe	consumers’ awareness, organic food, regression analysis, urban consumer, Sri Lanka
Key words	consumers’ awareness, organic food, regression analysis, urban consumer, Sri Lanka
Abstrakt	The organic food market is rapidly expanding all over the world with the recent rise of concern in food safety and environmental protection. Thus, examining information about consumers’ awareness on organic food is one of the inspiring areas for producers and marketers to capture a greater market share successfully. Therefore, this study aimed at analyzing the consumer awareness towards organic food products while addressing socio-demographic factors affecting consumer awareness on organic food, knowledge of consumers about organic food, and their purchasing pattern. A sample of 600 consumers was selected from the main cities of six urban districts in Sri Lanka for the study. Data were collected via a consumer survey using a pre-tested questionnaire, from November 2018 to May 2019. The data analysis was carried out using frequencies, percentages, and multiple linear regression analysis. According to the results, the majority of the respondents were married females. The results revealed that Sri Lankan consumers have a better awareness on organic food. The results of the regression analysis highlighted that the consumers’ awareness is significantly affected by factors such as gender, marital status, education, and monthly income. Although most respondents have a good level of awareness on organic food, their buying trend is at a lower level. The findings of the study play an important role in promoting the organic food market and are essential for food marketing planners, researchers, and policymakers to enhance the organic food industry in the country in the future.
Abstract	The organic food market is rapidly expanding all over the world with the recent rise of concern in food safety and environmental protection. Thus, examining information about consumers’ awareness on organic food is one of the inspiring areas for producers and marketers to capture a greater market share successfully. Therefore, this study aimed at analyzing the consumer awareness towards organic food products while addressing socio-demographic factors affecting consumer awareness on organic food, knowledge of consumers about organic food, and their purchasing pattern. A sample of 600 consumers was selected from the main cities of six urban districts in Sri Lanka for the study. Data were collected via a consumer survey using a pre-tested questionnaire, from November 2018 to May 2019. The data analysis was carried out using frequencies, percentages, and multiple linear regression analysis. According to the results, the majority of the respondents were married females. The results revealed that Sri Lankan consumers have a better awareness on organic food. The results of the regression analysis highlighted that the consumers’ awareness is significantly affected by factors such as gender, marital status, education, and monthly income. Although most respondents have a good level of awareness on organic food, their buying trend is at a lower level. The findings of the study play an important role in promoting the organic food market and are essential for food marketing planners, researchers, and policymakers to enhance the organic food industry in the country in the future.
Cytowanie	Malkanthi S., Rathnachandra S., Weerasinghe W. (2021) Consumers’ Awareness on Organic Food: Case of Urban Sri Lanka.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 4: 25-36
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2021_T21(36)_n4_s25.pdf

Autor	Liubov Hutsalenko, Olena Kolesnikova, Uliana Marchuk, Serhiy Zabolotnyy
Tytuł	THE HACCP SYSTEM AS A GUARANTEE FOR FOOD SAFETY IN UKRAINE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	management system, HACCP, Critical Control Point (CPC)
Key words
Abstrakt	The research points out the principal concept of the HACCP system, ensuring product safety along the whole food chain 'from the field to the table'. It focuses on HACCP as the food safety management system that proved to be effective and has been accepted globally. In recent years the HACCP system has been gradually introduced in Ukrainian business entities. The article reveals the emergence of the HACCP system and the adaptation of the legal base of Ukraine in the area of food safety requirements. It provides evidence that the harmonization of Ukrainian and international standards in the field of food quality and safety calls for the necessity to introduce HACCP-conforming technologies at all stages of production in Ukrainian companies. The results of the audits of food product safety in Ukraine for the period 2016-2019 were evaluated.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Hutsalenko L., Kolesnikova O., Marchuk U., Zabolotnyy S.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2020_n4_s49.pdf

Autor	Marzena Lemanowicz
Tytuł	INDICATIONS OF CONSUMERS’ PROSUMER BEHAVIOUR ON THE FOOD MARKET
Title	Przejawy zachowań prosumpcyjnych konsumentów na rynku żywności
Słowa kluczowe	prosumption, prosumer behaviour, consumer trends, food market
Key words	prosumpcja, zachowania prosumpcyjne, trendy konsumenckie, rynek żywności.
Abstrakt	The objective of this article was to identify examples of prosumer behaviour in the food market, to examine the degree of customer involvement and to measure the attitudes (opinions) of respondents regarding customer engagement in creation/improvement of a product. The most popular activities undertaken by consumers in the field of prosumption were selected and consumer involvement in various types of marketing campaigns organized by producers was determined. The survey was conducted among 320 respondents. The conducted research indicates consumer activity in the field of prosumption; however, respondents mainly manifest behaviour that do not require them to be very active. Sharing opinions on purchased food products is one of the manifestations of prosumer behaviour and these actions are undertaken with great frequency and willingness. The study also identified consumer participation in creating new products and improving existing ones. Over half of the respondents (64.4%) declared that they participated in these activities, however their participation is rare or very rare. In addition, consumers express positive opinions about the organization of such activities by companies and most of them believe that there are too few such activities on the market.
Abstract	Celem artykułu było zidentyfikowanie przykładów zachowań prosumpcyjnych na rynku żywności, określenie stopnia zaangażowania konsumentów w te działania i pomiar postaw (opinii) respondentów dotyczących zaangażowania klienta w tworzenie/ulepszanie produktów. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań wyłoniono najbardziej popularne działania podejmowane przez konsumentów z zakresu prosumpcji, określono zaangażowanie konsumentów w różnego rodzaju akcje marketingowe organizowane przez producentów. Badanie ankietowe przeprowadzono w grupie 320 respondentów. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań wskazują, że wyrażanie opinii na temat zakupionych produktów spożywczych jest jednym z przejawów zachowań prosumpcyjnych i działania te podejmowane są z dużą częstotliwością i chęcią. W badaniu zidentyfikowano również uczestnictwo konsumentów w kreowaniu nowych produktów i ulepszaniu już istniejących. Ponad połowa respondentów (64,4%, 206 osób) zadeklarowała, ze uczestniczy w tych działaniach, jednakże udział ten jest rzadki bądź bardzo rzadki. Przeprowadzone badania wskazują na aktywność konsumentów w zakresie prosumpcji, jednakże respondenci przejawiają głównie zachowania nie wymagające od nich dużej aktywności. Ponadto konsumenci wyrażają pozytywne opinie na temat organizowania tego typu działań przez firmy i większość z nich uważa, że na rynku jest ich za mało.
Cytowanie	Lemanowicz M. (2020) INDICATIONS OF CONSUMERS’ PROSUMER BEHAVIOUR ON THE FOOD MARKET.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 24(73): 81-91
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2020_n73_s81.pdf

Autor	Agnieszka Maciąg, Dagmara Stangierska
Tytuł	Assessment of the place of purchase of vegetables and fruits as expressed by consumers
Title	Ocena miejsca zakupu warzyw i owoców w opinii konsumentów
Słowa kluczowe	place of purchase, fruits and vegetables, consumers
Key words	miejsce zakupu, warzywa i owoce, konsumenci
Abstrakt	According to studies, Poland is the leader in the production of certain fruits and vegetables as well as certain food products. The development of discount chains is where the changes are visibly heading. The article presents the results of the most common places to buy fruits and vegetables. The research was carried out on a sample of 812 people. Research shows that consumers most often buy fruits and vegetables in super and hypermarkets, with supermarkets being chosen most often when purchasing all food products. The smallest percentage of respondents declared making food purchases in bazaars and markets. The place of purchase is an important factor for choosing food.
Abstract	Jak wynika z badań, Polska jest liderem w produkcji niektórych owoców i warzyw, a także producentem wybranej żywności. Najbardziej widoczny kierunek zmian stanowi rozwój sieci dyskontowych. W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki dotyczące najczęstszego miejsca zakupu żywności owoców i warzyw, które uzyskano na próbie 812 osób. Jak wynika z badań, konsumenci najczęściej kupują owoce i warzywa w super- i hipermarketach, markety natomiast są wybierane najczęściej w przypadku zakupu całej żywności. Najmniejszy odsetek respondentów dokonuje zakupu żywności na bazarach i targowiskach. Dla 70% respondentów miejsce zakupu jest istotnym czynnikiem decydującym o wyborze żywności.
Cytowanie	Maciąg A., Stangierska D.
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Pełny tekst	EIOL_2020_T5_n3_s57.pdf

Autor	Agnieszka Biernat-Jarka
Tytuł	ASSESSMENT OF GREENING IN THE CONTEXT OF PROVIDING ENVIRONMENTAL PUBLIC GOODS IN AGRICULTURE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	Common Agricultural Policy, public goods, greening, environmental protection, Poland, European Union
Key words
Abstrakt	The article discusses the concept of providing environmental public goods through agriculture. The theoretical goal of the discussion was to present the concept of greening under the EU's Common Agricultural Policy. This concept was developed on the basis of available literature and from EU and Polish documents. The concrete goal is to assess greening instruments in terms of their implementation and compliance by farmers. A review of the available literature on the subject allows the assumption that the greening instrument implemented under the CAP has contributed to an intensification of activities by farmers in the field of environmental protection. The article was prepared based on source materials, monographs and scientific articles as well as Eurostat data. The article also presents the results of Eurobarometer surveys that show the expectations of EU citizens towards the European Union's CAP in the field of environmental and climate protection. Results of surveys have shown that on the one hand, the European Union should be responsible for ensuring healthy and safe food products for consumers, while on the other hand the goal of the Common Agricultural Policy should be to ensure an appropriate standard of living for farmers.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Biernat-Jarka A. (2019) ASSESSMENT OF GREENING IN THE CONTEXT OF PROVIDING ENVIRONMENTAL PUBLIC GOODS IN AGRICULTURE.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 22(71): 18-27
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2019_n71_s18.pdf

Autor	Barbara Kiełbasa, Daniela Popa, Aliona Sargo, Mariusz Trojak
Tytuł	New Approaches to Developing the Integral Indicator Methodology for Estimating the Financial Efficiency of Agricultural Entities in Poland, the Republic of Moldova, and EU Countries
Title	New Approaches to Developing the Integral Indicator Methodology for Estimating the Financial Efficiency of Agricultural Entities in Poland, the Republic of Moldova, and EU Countries
Słowa kluczowe	agro-sector, European Union, correlation and regression, financial efficiency, food product, financial economy, productivity & profitability, resource efficiency
Key words	agro-sector, European Union, correlation and regression, financial efficiency, food product, financial economy, productivity & profitability, resource efficiency
Abstrakt	Economic literature pays a great deal of attention to economic and financial efficiency, expressed in terms of competition, concentration, productivity and profitability. This paper provides an all-embracing framework for the various existing theories in this area and illustrates these theories with practical applications. Currently, changing the size of the production potential in agricultural units in the Republic of Moldova depends to a great extent on the influence of different trends in the modification of production resources: the reduction of labor resources and agricultural land, quantitative and qualitative changes in fixed assets, and in current assets, etc.The notion of resource potential means the totality of the volume of all resources (natural, labor, material, intellectual, information, etc.) on specific enterprises, territories, branches, regions. Evaluating a broad field of research, the paper describes profit maximizing food products and demonstrates how several widely-used products can be fit into this framework. The authors also present an overview of the current major trends in the food sector and relate them to the assumptions for food products, thereby displaying their relevance and timeliness. The results include a set of recommendations for future research on this topic.The design, methodology and approach of this research is to explain why efficiency can help obtain a profit surplus, and to measure this efficiency. For quality of methodology we apply a range of statistical methods, as well as the strategic capability of organisations – made up of resources and competences. One way to approach the stategic capability of an organisation is to consider its strengths and weaknesses (for example, where it has a competitive advantage, profit, efficiency or disadvantage). Based on our research and results, we sought to understand the concepts of financial effciency and to apply these concepts to practical situations. At the start of each analysis entrepreneurship plays an important role. Most organisations have to innovate constantly to obtain profit and efficiency for food products. They need to be first into a market, or simply a follower of customers in developing new products and services. Original studies in Moldova and Poland regarding farm concentration in terms of Gini Coefficient, Gini Index and Concentration Index of the utilized agricultural area. Original calculus formula to determine the Concentration Index of the UAA for the top 10% largest farms in Moldova and UK.
Abstract	Economic literature pays a great deal of attention to economic and financial efficiency, expressed in terms of competition, concentration, productivity and profitability. This paper provides an all-embracing framework for the various existing theories in this area and illustrates these theories with practical applications. Currently, changing the size of the production potential in agricultural units in the Republic of Moldova depends to a great extent on the influence of different trends in the modification of production resources: the reduction of labor resources and agricultural land, quantitative and qualitative changes in fixed assets, and in current assets, etc.The notion of resource potential means the totality of the volume of all resources (natural, labor, material, intellectual, information, etc.) on specific enterprises, territories, branches, regions. Evaluating a broad field of research, the paper describes profit maximizing food products and demonstrates how several widely-used products can be fit into this framework. The authors also present an overview of the current major trends in the food sector and relate them to the assumptions for food products, thereby displaying their relevance and timeliness. The results include a set of recommendations for future research on this topic.The design, methodology and approach of this research is to explain why efficiency can help obtain a profit surplus, and to measure this efficiency. For quality of methodology we apply a range of statistical methods, as well as the strategic capability of organisations – made up of resources and competences. One way to approach the stategic capability of an organisation is to consider its strengths and weaknesses (for example, where it has a competitive advantage, profit, efficiency or disadvantage). Based on our research and results, we sought to understand the concepts of financial effciency and to apply these concepts to practical situations. At the start of each analysis entrepreneurship plays an important role. Most organisations have to innovate constantly to obtain profit and efficiency for food products. They need to be first into a market, or simply a follower of customers in developing new products and services. Original studies in Moldova and Poland regarding farm concentration in terms of Gini Coefficient, Gini Index and Concentration Index of the utilized agricultural area. Original calculus formula to determine the Concentration Index of the UAA for the top 10% largest farms in Moldova and UK.
Cytowanie	Kiełbasa B., Popa D., Sargo A., Trojak M. (2019) New Approaches to Developing the Integral Indicator Methodology for Estimating the Financial Efficiency of Agricultural Entities in Poland, the Republic of Moldova, and EU Countries.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 4: 103-112
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n4_s103.pdf

Autor	Krystyna Świetlik
Tytuł	Zmienność światowych cen żywności w latach 2000-2018
Title	Changeability of World Food Prices During 2000-2018
Słowa kluczowe	żywność, ceny żywności, indeksy cen, niestabilność cen, rynek światowy
Key words	food, food prices, price indices, instability of prices, global market
Abstrakt	Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie głównych kierunków zmian światowych cen artykułów rolno-spożywczych w latach 2000-2018, określenie stopnia ich zmienności i wskazanie przyczyn tych zjawisk. Głównym źródłem danych były średnie roczne indeksy cen żywności FAO. Przeprowadzone analizy pokazały, że w 2011 r. światowe ceny żywności osiągnęły poziom ponad dwuipółkrotnie wyższy niż w 2000 r., a w całym badanym okresie zwiększyły się o 85%. Najbardziej wzrosły ceny olejów roślinnych na skutek rozwoju produkcji biopaliw. Największe fluktuacje cen odnotowano na rynkach cukru i produktów mlecznych, a najmniejsze na rynku mięsa. Stwierdzono, że w długim okresie decydujący wpływ na kształtowanie się światowych cen żywności miały uwarunkowania popytowe, natomiast w okresach krótkich – szoki podażowe.
Abstract	The aim of the paper is to present the main direction of change in global prices of farm and food products during 2000-2018, determination of the level of change and indication of the reasons for these phenomena. The main source for the data was average annual indices of food prices from the FAO. The analyses showed that in 2011 global food prices reached a level over two and a half times higher than in 2000, but during the period under investigation they increased by 85%. The greatest increase was in the price of vegetable oils due to the development of biofuels. The largest fluctuations in prices were noted in the sugar and dairy markets, and the smallest in the meat market. It was concluded that during longer periods demand had the greatest influence on global food prices, while during shorter periods it was drastic changes in supply.
Cytowanie	Świetlik K. (2019) Zmienność światowych cen żywności w latach 2000-2018.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 2: 196-209
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n2_s196.pdf

Autor	Elżbieta Goryńska-Goldmann
Tytuł	Geneza i pojęcie żywności lokalnej w powiązaniu z ideą zrównoważonejkonsumpcji
Title	Genesis and the term of local food in relation to the idea of sustainable consumption
Słowa kluczowe	geneza, pojęcie, produkt lokalny, żywność lokalna, zrównoważona konsumpcja
Key words	genesis, concept, local product, local food, sustainable consumption
Abstrakt	W opracowaniu dokonano przeglądu aparatu pojęciowego i genezy żywności lokalnej, na podstawie przeglądu definicji z uwzględnieniem regulacji prawnych, potocznych sposobów jej ujmowania i prac badawczych, prowadzonych przez ośrodki naukowe i różne instytucje – krajowe i zagraniczne – i na tej podstawie zaprezentowano własną propozycję. Celem artykułu było przedstawienie genezy i pojęcia żywności lokalnej w kontekście zrównoważonej konsumpcji. Prowadząc analizę, dokonano przeglądu literatury przedmiotu, a wynikające z niego ustalenia udokumentowano dostępnymi informacjami statystycznymi i rynkowymi. Badania wykazały, że instytucje publiczne dostrzegają potencjał żywności lokalnej i upatrują w niej możliwość pobudzania rozwoju obszarów wiejskich Unii Europejskiej. Żywność lokalna stanowi alternatywny nurt w podejściu do sposobu, w jaki konsumpcja żywności może być przekształcona na rzecz jej równoważenia. Świadomi i odpowiedzialni konsumenci rozpoznający własne ograniczenia, ceniący tradycję, stanowią o nowej jakości w społeczeństwie (będąc specyficzną formą kapitału społecznego), co przekłada się na większe możliwości produkcyjne żywności lokalnej i stanowi podstawę do dalszego rozwoju zrównoważonej konsumpcji.
Abstract	This paper reviews the conceptual apparatus and the genesis of local food, on the basis of definitions and with respect to legal conditions, as well as the popular ways of interpretation of local food and scientific research performed by different centers and institutions – both domestic and foreign. On the basis of that, the paper presents the author’s own proposition concerning the abovementioned issue. The aim of the paper is to present the genesis and the definition of local food in the perspective of sustainable consumption. While conducting the research, the scientific literature concerning the subject was reviewed, and the findings were documented with available statistical and market information. The research showed that public institutions see the potential of local food and hope that it can drive the development of rural areas in the European Union. Local food is an alternative approach to the way in which food consumption can be turned into a sustainable one. Informed and responsible consumers, who are aware of their own limitations and value tradition, provide some new quality to the society (as they constitute a specific form of social capital), what translates into bigger local food production possibilities and is the basis for the further development of sustainable consumption.
Cytowanie	Goryńska-Goldmann E.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2019_n11_s23.pdf

Autor	Elżbieta Goryńska-Goldmann
Tytuł	Ewolucja rozwoju żywności lokalnej w kontekście ideizrównoważonej konsumpcji
Title	Evolution of local food development in the context of the idea of sustainable consumption
Słowa kluczowe	rynek rolny, rynek lokalny, żywność lokalna, zrównoważona konsumpcja
Key words	agricultural market, local market, local food, sustainable consumption
Abstrakt	Celem artykułu była charakterystyka pojęcia i genezy żywności lokalnej oraz dyskusja nad jej znaczeniem w kontekście zrównoważonej konsumpcji. Wskazano, iż rozwinięcie rynku żywności lokalnej oparte jest na tradycji wytwarzania i spożywania produktów pochodzących z własnego gospodarstwa, stanowi efekt rozwoju metod produkcji, przechowalnictwa, transportu, dystrybucji i współpracy środowisk lokalnych. Zaprezentowano dane dotyczące rynku żywności lokalnej oraz przeprowadzono dyskusję na temat definicji żywności lokalnej. Przedstawiono producentów żywności lokalnej, jako autentycznych „strażników” systemów jej produkcji, mogących wnieść istotny wkład w popularyzację modelu zrównoważonej konsumpcji. Potwierdzono tezę o istotnym znaczeniu produktów lokalnych w realizacji idei zrównoważonej konsumpcji. Stwierdzono, że rynek żywności lokalnej stanowi szerokie pole działań i wymaga dalszych prac, następnie zasygnalizowane przyszłe kierunki badań. Artykuł ma charakter przeglądowy, a prowadząc analizę, dokonano analizy danych wtórnych, w tym także własnych badań naukowych w tym zakresie.
Abstract	The aim of the paper was to characterize the concept and origin of local food and to discuss its meaning in the context of the sustainable consumption idea. The paper points that the development of the local food market is based on the tradition of production and consumption of food products that come from private farms and is the result of the development of production methods, as well as methods of storage, transport, distribution and cooperation between local market subjects. The paper presents data concerning the local food market and discusses the definition of local food. It shows local food producers as authentic “guardians” of local food production systems who can significantly contribute to the popularization of the sustainable consumption model. Moreover, it confirms the thesis about the importance of local products in the implementation of the idea of sustainable consumption. The local food market turns out to be a wide field of activity and requires further scientific work. The paper proposes some future research directions. It is a review that includes analysis on the basis of some secondary data, including also the author’s own scientific research in this field.
Cytowanie	Goryńska-Goldmann E.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2019_n12_s43.pdf

Autor	Dawid Jabkowski, Norbert Szalaty, Paulina L. Wiza
Tytuł	Poziom świadomości konsumentów w zakresie terroryzmu żywnościowegojako przykład współczesnego zagrożenia dla przemysłu rolno-spożywczego
Title	The level of consumer awareness in the field of food terrorism as an example of the modern threat to the agri-food industry
Słowa kluczowe	terroryzm żywnościowy, bezpieczeństwo żywności, przemysł spożywczy, nowe zagrożenia
Key words	food terrorism, food safety, food industry, new threats
Abstrakt	Celem artykułu było zaprezentowanie świadomości konsumentów z zakresu terroryzmu żywnościowego jako nowego zagrożenia w przemyśle spożywczym. Terroryzm żywnościowy to nowe zjawisko, które w XXI wieku stanowi wyzwanie dla przemysłu spożywczego. Polega na celowym skażeniu żywności przy wykorzystaniu substancji biologicznych, chemicznych i fizycznych. Na każdym etapie produkcji żywności może dojść do intencjonalnego skażenia żywności. Do zrealizowania celu zastosowano badania ankietowe, które zostały przeprowadzone z wykorzystaniem portalu internetowego. W badaniach wzięło udział 120 respondentów z Wielkopolski. Na podstawie literatury przedmiotu oraz przeprowadzonych badań ankietowych stwierdzono, iż konsumenci nie są w pełni świadomi, że żywność może być celem ataku terrorystów. Według badanych osób, terroryzm żywnościowy ma charakter globalny i może wystąpić na każdym etapie łańcucha żywnościowego. Z racji, że terroryzm żywnościowy jest zjawiskiem nowym w gospodarce, metody wykorzystywane przez terrorystów oraz potencjalne skutki zagrożenia nie są do końca znane.
Abstract	The aim of the article was to present consumer awareness in the field of food terrorism as a new threat in the food industry. Food terrorism is a new phenomenon, which in the XXI century is a challenge for the food industry. It consists in intentional contamination of food with the use of biological, chemical and physical substances. At every stage of food production may be to intentional contamination. The article attempts to discuss the phenomenon of food terrorism and consumer awareness in the field of food terrorism. In order to carry out surveys, which were carried out using the internet portal. 120 respondents from all of Wielkopolska participated in the research. Based on literature data and surveys, it was found that consumers are not fully aware that food can be the target of a terrorist attack. According to the surveyed, food terrorism is global and can occur at every stage of the food chain. Due to the fact that food terrorism is a new phenomenon in the economy, the methods used by terrorists and the potential effects of the threat are not fully known.
Cytowanie	Jabkowski D., Szalaty N., Wiza P.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2019_n12_s115.pdf

Autor	Izabella Bakos, Anikó Khademi-Vidra
Tytuł	Alternative Local Food Shopping Communities in Hungary
Title	Alternative Local Food Shopping Communities in Hungary
Słowa kluczowe	local food, consumer communities, food consumer behaviour, questionnaire study, cluster analysis
Key words	local food, consumer communities, food consumer behaviour, questionnaire study, cluster analysis
Abstrakt	As a result of concerns about the long-term sustainability of globalized retail trade and the stronger presence of health conscious consumer behaviour, governments and groups of conscious consumers worldwide are increasingly focusing on the promotion and development of local food systems and small-scale retail chains and the production of quality local food products to promote the market. In our paper, we would like to give an overview of community-led alternative types of local food systems, with particular attention to shopping community-type consumer and consumer communities. We also describe the main results of our primary research in the population and the shopping community. During the questionnaire we revealed general consumer behaviour and the demand and attitude of local food, the popularity of the customer communities in the settlement of the respondents. In the survey conducted among members of the consumer community, we looked at the analytical areas designated as a target in the population questionnaire for the purpose of comparability and our aim was to explore the sociometrics and lifestyles of communities as well as their community experiences and possible developments. Our hypothesis is that there is a close correlation between the respondents with higher education and income and the preferences of local food. Furthermore, it is assumed that there is a significant difference between the food consumption behaviors of the two samples examined.
Abstract	As a result of concerns about the long-term sustainability of globalized retail trade and the stronger presence of health conscious consumer behaviour, governments and groups of conscious consumers worldwide are increasingly focusing on the promotion and development of local food systems and small-scale retail chains and the production of quality local food products to promote the market. In our paper, we would like to give an overview of community-led alternative types of local food systems, with particular attention to shopping community-type consumer and consumer communities. We also describe the main results of our primary research in the population and the shopping community. During the questionnaire we revealed general consumer behaviour and the demand and attitude of local food, the popularity of the customer communities in the settlement of the respondents. In the survey conducted among members of the consumer community, we looked at the analytical areas designated as a target in the population questionnaire for the purpose of comparability and our aim was to explore the sociometrics and lifestyles of communities as well as their community experiences and possible developments. Our hypothesis is that there is a close correlation between the respondents with higher education and income and the preferences of local food. Furthermore, it is assumed that there is a significant difference between the food consumption behaviors of the two samples examined.
Cytowanie	Bakos I., Khademi-Vidra A. (2019) Alternative Local Food Shopping Communities in Hungary.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 2: 7-21
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n2_s7.pdf

Autor	Ákos Bartha, Bálint Horváth
Tytuł	Effects of Certain Personal Attributes on Food Waste
Title	Effects of Certain Personal Attributes on Food Waste
Słowa kluczowe	food waste, consumer attitude, sustainable consumption
Key words	food waste, consumer attitude, sustainable consumption
Abstrakt	With the increase of food supply and the improvement of production processes, the real value of certain food products has been steadily declining over the past decades, which is certainly a trend that has seriously transformed the moral value of food, its role in society and its associated personal attitudes. According to UN and FAO estimates, in 2016, 30-35% of our food was wasted. Food waste in households is also a special area of research in terms of their high wasting rate. While exploring the causes of high amounts of consumer waste, a research group has also correlated (with mathematical models) the gradual growth rate of food waste, the US obesity epidemic and the growing supply of cheaper food products (Hall et al. 2009). In our research, we examine certain personal aspects in case of specific (e.g. functional) foods as well. A significant decrease in food waste coming from households could be attained by controlling our attitudes. Food waste, consumption awareness, eating habits, food mileage, water footprint, sustainable eating, energy efficiency: these are all terms which have to have their meaning and importance taught to people, as they contain important – affecting the level of wasting – information. Therefore, we can see that food waste itself is one of the most serious, paradoxical and global modern issues which the developed world has identified, and is trying to decrease by using national and international interventions in order to limit food supply anomalies and environmental loads as much as possible. Understanding personal attributes more precisely might be a good practice for providing future solutions, as well.
Abstract	With the increase of food supply and the improvement of production processes, the real value of certain food products has been steadily declining over the past decades, which is certainly a trend that has seriously transformed the moral value of food, its role in society and its associated personal attitudes. According to UN and FAO estimates, in 2016, 30-35% of our food was wasted. Food waste in households is also a special area of research in terms of their high wasting rate. While exploring the causes of high amounts of consumer waste, a research group has also correlated (with mathematical models) the gradual growth rate of food waste, the US obesity epidemic and the growing supply of cheaper food products (Hall et al. 2009). In our research, we examine certain personal aspects in case of specific (e.g. functional) foods as well. A significant decrease in food waste coming from households could be attained by controlling our attitudes. Food waste, consumption awareness, eating habits, food mileage, water footprint, sustainable eating, energy efficiency: these are all terms which have to have their meaning and importance taught to people, as they contain important – affecting the level of wasting – information. Therefore, we can see that food waste itself is one of the most serious, paradoxical and global modern issues which the developed world has identified, and is trying to decrease by using national and international interventions in order to limit food supply anomalies and environmental loads as much as possible. Understanding personal attributes more precisely might be a good practice for providing future solutions, as well.
Cytowanie	Bartha Á., Horváth B. (2019) Effects of Certain Personal Attributes on Food Waste.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 2: 22-30
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n2_s22.pdf

Autor	Robert Stolarski, Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Determinanty i tendencje zmian efektywności ekonomicznej Colian S.A. na tle ogółu przedsiębiorstw przemysłu spożywczego w Polsce
Title	Determinants and trends in economic efficiency of Colian S.A. compared with the total food industry in Poland
Słowa kluczowe	poziom i struktura kosztów, efektywność ekonomiczna, rentowność, wartość dodana, pozaoperacyjne obszary rachunkowości
Key words	cost level, costs structure, economic efficiency, profitability, net value added, non-operational accounting areas
Abstrakt	W opracowaniu określono relacje między poziomem i zmianami struktury kosztów oraz efektywnością ekonomiczną przedsiębiorstwa na tle sektora produkcji artykułów spożywczych na podstawie studium przypadku Colian S.A. Wykorzystano zagregowane dane o poziomie cen i kosztów oraz wskaźniki rentowności operacyjnej aktywów (ROA), rentowności ekonomicznej sprzedaży (RES), rentowności netto i wartości dodanej wraz z danymi kosztów rodzajowych w układzie porównawczym. Poziom kosztów ogółem w sektorze i w spółce zwiększył się pomimo zmniejszenia w strukturze kosztów operacyjnych udziału kosztów materiałów i energii, wynagrodzeń, ubezpieczeń społecznych i innych świadczeń, amortyzacji oraz podatków i opłat. Tempo spadku rentowności operacyjnej aktywów i rentowności ekonomicznej sprzedaży oraz poziomu wartości dodanej było mniejsze niż wzrost poziomu kosztów, co może wynikać z działań w pozaoperacyjnych obszarach rachunkowości.
Abstract	The subject of the study undertaken was determination of relations between the level and structure of costs and the economic efficiency of the company of Polish food production sector, using the case study of Colian joint-stock company. The study adopted aggregated data of the prices and costs level, the profitability indicators of revenue of assets (ROA), the economic viability of sales (ROS), the net value added, and data from periodic reports on the structure of costs by comparative cost system. The level of costs in the sector and in the company increased, despite the decrease in the share of costs of materials and energy, wages and salaries, social security and other benefits, depreciation as well as taxes and fees in the cost structure. The rate of decline in the operating profitability of assets, the economic profitability of sales and the level of value added at enterprise was lower than the increase in the level of costs, which may result from non-operational activities.
Cytowanie	Stolarski R., Wasilewski M. (2018) Determinanty i tendencje zmian efektywności ekonomicznej Colian S.A. na tle ogółu przedsiębiorstw przemysłu spożywczego w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 123: 101-115
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2018_n123_s101.pdf

Autor	Grzegorz Koszela, Luiza Ochnio, Pornsiri Suebpongsang
Tytuł	Differences in food product consumption in selected Asian countries
Title	Różnice w preferencjach żywieniowych w wybranych krajach Azji
Słowa kluczowe	food preferences, Asia, multidimensional data analysis, GradeStat, GCA algorithm, ar measure, overrepresentation map, grouping of objects
Key words	Preferencje żywieniowe w Azji, wielowymiarowa analiza danych, Grade- Stat, algorytm GCA, miara ar, mapy nadreprezentacji, grupowanie obiektów
Abstrakt	The study of consumers’ food preferences has not only sociological dimensions but also economic ones, e.g. regarding producers searching for new markets. It is also a good starting point for estimating the willingness of consumers to spend money on the consumption of individual products. In this paper, the authors attempt to compare these preferences on the Asian market for nine product groups. Due to the problem complexity (considerations of tradition, religion, geographical location and size of the continent), the study included selected countries of Central and Southeast Asia (i.e. China, Mongolia, Japan, India, Thailand, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Pakistan, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos and Sri Lanka). The study covered the period 2011–2013, and consumption was defined as the arithmetic mean of three years. According to the research results, contrary to the European literature, food preferences in the surveyed Asian countries vary, sometimes even considerably. This is probably related, to a large extent, to the cultural and environmental conditions that prevail in the area in question. This is evidenced by the fact that several countries can be assigned into groups in terms of similarities in food preferences. The study uses Gradual Data Analysis (a measure of ar as an indicator of the dissimilarity of food preferences, overrepresentation maps in order to visualize these dissimilarities and assign countries into groups of similar dietary preferences).
Abstract	Badanie preferencji żywnościowych ma poza aspektem socjologicznym, także aspekt ekonomiczny, np. ze strony producentów i szukania przez nich rynków zbytu dla produkowanej żywności. Jest także punktem wyjścia do szacowania skłonności konsumentów do ponoszenia wydatków na poszczególne produkty żywnościowe. W pracy podjęto próbę porównania tych preferencji na rynku azjatyckim odnośnie 9 grup produktowych. Z powodu złożoności problemu (względy tradycji, religii, położenia geograficznego i wielkości kontynentu) w badaniu uwzględniono 17 wybranych krajów Azji środkowej i południowo- -wschodniej (Chiny, Mongolia, Japonia, Indie, Tajlandia, Indonezja, Kazachstan, Uzbekistan, Tadżykistan, Malezja, Myanmar, Filipiny, Pakistan, Kambodża, Wietnam, Laos i Sri Lanka). Badanie przeprowadzono w latach 2011–2013, a wyniki uśredniono dla każdego kraju dla każdej grupy produktowej na przestrzeni trzech lat. Wyniki badań wskazują, że wbrew obiegowej opinii Europejczyków, preferencje żywnościowe w krajach azjatyckich rozpatrywanego regionu różnią się, czasem nawet znacznie. Decyduje o tym zapewne, w dużej mierze, aspekt kulturowy oraz warunki środowiskowe, które przeważają nad bliskością sąsiedztwa pomiędzy państwami. Świadczy o tym wynik podziału państw na grupy pod względem podobieństw preferencji żywnościowych w badanym okresie. W obliczeniach posłużono się metodami gradacyjnej analizy danych (miarą ar jako miarą niepodobieństwa preferencji żywieniowych, mapami nadreprezentacji w celu wizualizacji tych niepodobieństw oraz podziału państw na odpowiednie grupy krajów o zbliżonych preferencjach żywieniowych).
Cytowanie	Koszela G., Ochnio L., Suebpongsang P. (2018) Differences in food product consumption in selected Asian countries.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 124: 51-60
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2018_n124_s51.pdf

Autor	Irena Łącka
Tytuł	Działalność innowacyjna i inwestycje w maszyny i urządzenia w przemyśle spożywczym w Polsce a wyzwania współczesnej gospodarki
Title	INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY AND INVESTMENTS IN MACHINES AND DEVICES IN POLISH FOOD INDUSTRY challeng of the modern economy
Słowa kluczowe	przemysł spożywczy, wyzwania, działalność innowacyjna, inwestycje, innowacje
Key words	food industry, challenges, innovation activity, investments, innovations
Abstrakt	Przemysł spożywczy w Polsce staje wobec wyzwań wynikających z obecnych i przyszłych przemian w gospodarce światowej, m.in. potrzeby optymalizacji procesów wytwórczych, zwiększenia efektywności wykorzystania zasobów, rozwiązania problemów kadrowych, wdrażania innowacji i postępu technicznego. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie działalności innowacyjnej przedsiębiorstw tego sektora w latach 2010-2016 ze wskazaniem tendencji w tym zakresie. Ocena inwestycji w maszyny i urządzenia miała na celu ocenę stanu i perspektyw wdrażania postępu technicznego. Badania wykazały, że większość podmiotów przemysłu spożywczego jest jeszcze słabo przygotowana do wyzwań nowej gospodarki. Wskazują na to niskie nakłady na działalność innowacyjną przedsiębiorstw, struktura tych nakładów, a także wyniki działalności w badanym okresie. Z badań wynika, że producenci artykułów spożywczych i napojów zwiększyli inwestycje w maszyny i urządzenia w celu poprawy efektywności wykorzystania zasobów i modernizacji parku maszynowego.
Abstract	Polish food industry challenges result from current and future changes in world’s economy i.e. the need of the optimization of manufacturing process, the increase of effectiveness of the use of resources, solving the personnel problems together and implementing innovations and technical progress. The aim of the article was to present the innovative activity of companies of this sector in years 2010-2016 with indicating tendencies in this scope. The analysis of investments in machines and devices aimed at evaluation of condition and prospects of technical progress of entities in food industry. The research has shown that the majority of this sector is weakly prepared to facing the challenges of new economy. This is indicated by low expenditures into the innovative activity of entities, the structure of those expenditures as well as results of activities during examined period. The analysis of the statistical data have shown that during this tested time the producers of food products and beverages have increased their investment in machines and devices in order to increase their effectiveness of the use of resources and modernize their machinery. During the research following methods were used: study of national and foreign literature, comparative analysis and elements of descriptive statistics. To analyze the innovative activity and investments of entities in machines and devices the data of public statistics was used.
Cytowanie	Łącka I. (2018) Działalność innowacyjna i inwestycje w maszyny i urządzenia w przemyśle spożywczym w Polsce a wyzwania współczesnej gospodarki.Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 105, z. 2: 93-109
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2018_n2_s93.pdf

Autor	Mariusz Grębowiec
Tytuł	Rola współczesnych innowacji sektora owoców i warzyw w procesie postrzegania i podejmowania decyzji nabywczych przez konsumentów
Title	THE ROLE MODERN INNOVATIONS IN THE FRUIT AND VEGETABLE SECTOR I THE PROCESS OF PERCEIVING AND PURCHASING DECISUIONS BY CONSUMERS
Słowa kluczowe	innowacja, rynek, konsument, owoce i warzywa, innowacyjne produkty żywnościowe
Key words	innovation, market, consumer, fruit and vegetables, innovative food products
Abstrakt	W artykule dokonano próby oceny innowacyjności sektora owoców i warzyw w opinii polskich konsumentów. Bazując na dostępnej literaturze, artykułach i czasopismach branżowych oraz informacjach opublikowanych na stronach internetowych scharakteryzowano zmiany na polskim rynku owoców i warzyw, innowacyjność sektora owoców i warzyw, rodzaje innowacji związanych z nowymi technologiami i procesami oraz z nowymi metodami marketingowymi i organizacyjnymi, a także wskazano trendy i bariery nabywcze konsumentów w sektorze owocowo-warzywnym. Dla pełnego zobrazowania stopnia znajomości i rozpoznawalności wybranych innowacji oraz stosunku do tego typu produktów konsumenta przeprowadzono badania ankietowe.
Abstract	Fashion, health and convenience shape today's consumer market in innovation. The knowledge of the consumer is the key to the success of the company. The aim of the study was to evaluate the innovativeness of the fruit and vegetable sector in Poland in the opinion of Polish consumers. Based on the available literature, articles and professional journals and the information published on websites characterized by changes in the Polish market in fruit and vegetables, innovative fruit and vegetable sector, types of innovation related to new technologies and processes, and new methods of marketing and organizational and also described trends and consumer barriers in the fruit and vegetable sector. For a full presentation of the degree of knowledge and recognition of selected innovations and the relation to this type of products of the consumer survey was conducted.
Cytowanie	Grębowiec M. (2018) Rola współczesnych innowacji sektora owoców i warzyw w procesie postrzegania i podejmowania decyzji nabywczych przez konsumentów.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 20(69): 60-71
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2018_n69_s60.pdf