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Autor	Naume Maponya, Isaac Oluwatayo
Tytuł	Economic Efficiency of Table Grape Production in Waterberg and Sekhukhune Districts, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Title	Economic Efficiency of Table Grape Production in Waterberg and Sekhukhune Districts, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Słowa kluczowe	efficiency, farmers, table grapes, South Africa, stochastic frontier model
Key words	efficiency, farmers, table grapes, South Africa, stochastic frontier model
Abstrakt	Table grape production plays an important role in the economy of many countries in Africa. It serves as a source of income for the people who are engaged in its production and being one of the enterprises that is labour-intensive, thereby providing employment for more people. The main purpose of this study was to analyse the economic efficiency of table grape production in Waterberg and Sekhukhune Districts of Limpopo province, South Africa. The study used primary data collected through administration of structured questionnaires on a sample of 12 farmers by employing a snowball sampling method. Analytical tools employed include descriptive statistics (such as tables and frequencies), Stochastic Frontier Model and Technical Inefficiency Model.Results from data analysis revealed that in terms of efficiency, farming experience (p<0.01), educational level (p<0.05), household size (p<0.10) and age of farmer (p<0.10) were associated with increased efficiency indicating that these factors play important roles in ensuring that resources used in the production of table grapes enhanced productivity and were not wasted. Also, technical efficiency among farmers was found to range from 0.8 to 1, with a mean of 0.89, thus implying a major possibility for improvement in production. However, the allocative efficiency was found to range from 0.47 to 1, with a mean of 0.68. This indicates that some farmers were finding it difficult to allocate their resources efficiently. Again, economic efficiency ranges from 0.56 to 1, with a mean of 0.73, an indication that most of the farmers were economically efficient. Meanwhile, some of the constraints faced by these farmers include high electricity bills and labour costs, water shortages as well as instability around land policy. The study therefore recommends capacity building of farmers through education and other skill enhancement programmes. Also, provision of incentives to encourage youth participation in farming through internship programmes is very important to increase farm productivity.
Abstract	Table grape production plays an important role in the economy of many countries in Africa. It serves as a source of income for the people who are engaged in its production and being one of the enterprises that is labour-intensive, thereby providing employment for more people. The main purpose of this study was to analyse the economic efficiency of table grape production in Waterberg and Sekhukhune Districts of Limpopo province, South Africa. The study used primary data collected through administration of structured questionnaires on a sample of 12 farmers by employing a snowball sampling method. Analytical tools employed include descriptive statistics (such as tables and frequencies), Stochastic Frontier Model and Technical Inefficiency Model.Results from data analysis revealed that in terms of efficiency, farming experience (p<0.01), educational level (p<0.05), household size (p<0.10) and age of farmer (p<0.10) were associated with increased efficiency indicating that these factors play important roles in ensuring that resources used in the production of table grapes enhanced productivity and were not wasted. Also, technical efficiency among farmers was found to range from 0.8 to 1, with a mean of 0.89, thus implying a major possibility for improvement in production. However, the allocative efficiency was found to range from 0.47 to 1, with a mean of 0.68. This indicates that some farmers were finding it difficult to allocate their resources efficiently. Again, economic efficiency ranges from 0.56 to 1, with a mean of 0.73, an indication that most of the farmers were economically efficient. Meanwhile, some of the constraints faced by these farmers include high electricity bills and labour costs, water shortages as well as instability around land policy. The study therefore recommends capacity building of farmers through education and other skill enhancement programmes. Also, provision of incentives to encourage youth participation in farming through internship programmes is very important to increase farm productivity.
Cytowanie	Maponya N., Oluwatayo I. (2020) Economic Efficiency of Table Grape Production in Waterberg and Sekhukhune Districts, Limpopo Province, South Africa.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 20(35), z. 3: 36-52
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2020_T20(35)_n3_s36.pdf

Autor	Kamil Mazurkiewicz
Tytuł	CORE & MORE – THE CONCEPT OF INTELLIGENT REPORTING FOR CORPORATE INFORMATION
Title	Core & More - koncepcja inteligentnej sprawozdawczości informacji korporacyjnych
Słowa kluczowe	corporate reporting, stakeholders, Core & More
Key words	raportowanie korporacyjne, interesariusze, Core & More
Abstrakt	This article deals with the problem of a new way of reporting corporate information – the Core & More concept. Its aim is to evaluate the Core & More concept as it relates to the increasing transparency of corporate reporting as well as to the transparency of information provided to stakeholders. On the basis of a critical review of the subject literature, reports of sector institutions and interviews with representatives of business practices, the research hypothesis was verified positively. Corporate reports that conform to the standards of the Core & More concept are more transparent and the information given to stakeholders is structured. The Core & More concept allows to derogate from the silo approach of reporting. It structures information, makes it more readable and more logical to understand. The implementation of this concept, however, requires reporting persons to use abstract thinking. Additionally, while creating reports, one should have both IT skills and IT support because this concept involves, to a large extent, the use of IT tools.
Abstract	W niniejszym artykule poruszono problematykę nowego sposobu sprawozdawczości informacji korporacyjnej – koncepcji Core & More. Celem artykułu jest ocena koncepcji Core & More pod kątem zwiększenia transparentności raportu korporacyjnego oraz przejrzystości przekazywanej interesariuszom informacji. Na podstawie krytycznej analizy literatury przedmiotu, raportów instytucji branżowych oraz wywiadów z przedstawicielami praktyki gospodarczej pozytywnie zweryfikowano hipotezę badawczą. Raport korporacyjny sporządzone zgodnie z koncepcją Core & More jest bardziej transparentny a informacja przekazywana interesariuszom ustrukturyzowana. Koncepcja Core & More pozwala odejść od silosowego podejścia do sprawozdawczości. Strukturyzuje informacje, sprawia, że jest ona czytelniejsza w odbiorze i bardziej logiczna. Jednak wdrożenie tej koncepcji wymusza na raportujących abstrakcyjnego myślenia. Dodatkowo tworząc raport zgodnie z Core & More konieczne jest posiadanie umiejętności i zaplecza informatycznego, ponieważ koncepcja ta zakłada w dużej mierze wykorzystanie narzędzi informatycznych.
Cytowanie	Mazurkiewicz K. (2020) CORE & MORE – THE CONCEPT OF INTELLIGENT REPORTING FOR CORPORATE INFORMATION .Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 24(73): 104-113
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2020_n73_s104.pdf

Autor	Lech Kujawski, Monika Liszewska, Marta Penczar
Tytuł	THE IMPACT OF FUNDING STRUCTURE ON EU BANKING SECTOR STABILITY
Title	The impact of funding structure on EU banking sector stability
Słowa kluczowe	banking sector stability, banking funding model, funding structure
Key words	banking sector stability, banking funding model, funding structure
Abstrakt	In our paper, we analyse the impact of funding structure on banking sector stability in EU countries. Our findings show that after the global financial crisis (GFC) there are four main funding models in the EU banking sectors. We document that funding structure is an important factor influencing the banking sector stability. We report that there are also some other banking business model characteristics as well as macroeconomic indicators which have impact on banking sector risk.
Abstract	In our article, we analyze the impact of the funding structure on the banking sector stability in EU countries. Our findings show that after the GFC, there are four main funding models in EU banking sectors. We document that the funding structure is an important factor determining the stability of the banking sector. We point out that there are other features of the banking business model as well as macroeconomic indicators that influence the banking sectors risk.
Cytowanie	Kujawski L., Liszewska M., Penczar M. (2020) THE IMPACT OF FUNDING STRUCTURE ON EU BANKING SECTOR STABILITY.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 24(73): 143-154
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2020_n73_s143.pdf

Autor	Yılmaz Toktaş
Tytuł	SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COVID-19 CASES AND GLOBALISATION IN EUROPE
Title	Analiza przestrzenna relacji między przypadkami Covid-19 a globalizacją w Europie
Słowa kluczowe	spatial analyses, Covid-19, Europe, globalisation
Key words	analizy przestrzenne, Covid-19, Europa, globalizacja
Abstrakt	With the globalisation process, economic, social and political structures have become more and more intertwined. Due to the current Covid-19 pandemic, it has been observed that epidemics such as Covid-19 are globalising and that they turn into pandemics on a global scale. In this study, it is suggested that, along with Covid-19’s distinctive abilities such as spreading rapidly, the fact that the world has become more mobile and integrated due to globalisation is considered to have an impact on the pandemic; thus, the effect of globalisation on Covid-19 cases in European countries was investigated through spatial analysis methods. The results of Moran’s I test carried out on Covid-19 cases in European countries suggest that there is positive autocorrelation. According to the LISA analysis results, it was found that the UK, the Netherlands, France, and Belgium not only have a higher number of Covid-19 cases, but also have been affected by the countries with a number of cases above the European mean. According to the results of Spatial Error Model designed to examine the effect of globalisation, it was found that globalisation had a slight but positive effect on Covid-19 cases in Europe.
Abstract	Wraz z procesem globalizacji struktury gospodarcze, społeczne i polityczne stają się coraz bardziej ze sobą powiązane. Ze względu na obecną pandemię Covid-19 zaobserwowano, że epidemie takie jak Covid-19 zglobalizują się i przekształcają się w pandemie na skalę globalną. W badaniu tym sugeruje się, że wraz z charakterystycznymi zdolnościami Covid-19, takimi jak szybkie rozprzestrzenianie się, fakt, że świat stał się bardziej mobilny i zintegrowany z powodu globalizacji, jest uważany za mający wpływ na pandemię; w związku z tym wpływ globalizacji na przypadki Covid-19 w krajach europejskich badano za pomocą metod analizy przestrzennej. Wyniki testu I Morana przeprowadzonego na temat przypadków Covid-19 w krajach europejskich sugerują, że istnieje pozytywna autokorelacja Zgodnie z wynikami analizy LISA stwierdzono, że Zjednoczone Królestwo, Niderlandy, Francja i Belgia mają nie tylko większą liczbę spraw dotyczących covid-19, ale także zostały dotknięte przez kraje, w których wiele przypadków jest powyżej średniej europejskiej. Zgodnie z wynikami modelu błędu przestrzennego mającego na celu zbadanie wpływu globalizacji stwierdzono, że globalizacja miała niewielki, ale pozytywny wpływ na przypadki Covid-19 w Europie.
Cytowanie	Toktaş Y. (2020) SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COVID-19 CASES AND GLOBALISATION IN EUROPE.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 24(73): 255-265
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2020_n73_s255.pdf

Autor	Natalia Wasilewska, Mirosław Wasilewski, Serhiy Zabolotnyy
Tytuł	Financial Sustainability and Value of Joint-Stock Companies from Food Industry in Central and Eastern Europe
Title	Financial Sustainability and Value of Joint-Stock Companies from Food Industry in Central and Eastern Europe
Słowa kluczowe	financial sustainability, value, food industry, Central and Eastern Europe
Key words	financial sustainability, value, food industry, Central and Eastern Europe
Abstrakt	The research presents the analysis of relations between financial sustainability and value of joint-stock companies from food industry in Central and Eastern Europe. Increase of volume of assets, shareholders’ equity and revenues demonstrated an improvement of financial sustainability and resulted in growing valuations of companies in the study period. Sample business entities achieved relatively high liquidity and profitability that proved their financial sustainability in terms of risk and return. At the same time rising operating profit margins and liquidity ratios determined higher enterprise value of joint-stock companies. This emphasized a positive relation between enterprise value and financial sustainability. Joint-stock companies demonstrated a robust capital structure with a minor decrease of corporate debt in 2011-2015. However changes in sources of financing could provoke a trade-off between financial sustainability and enterprise value. According to a regression model factors positively influencing enterprise value included revenue, cash and cash equivalents, operating profit, current liabilities and shareholder’s equity. Stimulating revenue and increasing operating profit as well as maintaining higher cash balances improves financial sustainability while debt extension can significantly deteriorate continuity of business.
Abstract	The research presents the analysis of relations between financial sustainability and value of joint-stock companies from food industry in Central and Eastern Europe. Increase of volume of assets, shareholders’ equity and revenues demonstrated an improvement of financial sustainability and resulted in growing valuations of companies in the study period. Sample business entities achieved relatively high liquidity and profitability that proved their financial sustainability in terms of risk and return. At the same time rising operating profit margins and liquidity ratios determined higher enterprise value of joint-stock companies. This emphasized a positive relation between enterprise value and financial sustainability. Joint-stock companies demonstrated a robust capital structure with a minor decrease of corporate debt in 2011-2015. However changes in sources of financing could provoke a trade-off between financial sustainability and enterprise value. According to a regression model factors positively influencing enterprise value included revenue, cash and cash equivalents, operating profit, current liabilities and shareholder’s equity. Stimulating revenue and increasing operating profit as well as maintaining higher cash balances improves financial sustainability while debt extension can significantly deteriorate continuity of business.
Cytowanie	Wasilewska N., Wasilewski M., Zabolotnyy S. (2019) Financial Sustainability and Value of Joint-Stock Companies from Food Industry in Central and Eastern Europe.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 1: 153-161
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s153.pdf

Autor	Elżbieta Brągiel, Teresa Miś
Tytuł	CHANGES IN THE ORGANIC PROCESSING IN POLAND IN THE YEARS 2004-2017
Title
Słowa kluczowe	organic processing, organic farming, processing industries
Key words
Abstrakt	The processing of organic products in Poland develops, the number of organic entities increases and there arechanges in the structure in individual industries. The aim of this article was to evaluate the trends and the degreeof changes that have occurred in the number of processing plants and the structure of organic processing industriesin Poland in the years 2004–2017. The analysis covered eight industries of processing organic products.Over thirteen years, there has been a steady increase in the number of organic processing plants, despite thelow amount of organic production and the lack of developed and sustainable forms of cooperation at variouslevels – from the producer to the consumer. The low consumption of organic products (compared to Europeancountries) also shows down and shapes changes that occur in the structure in particular processing sectors.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Brągiel E., Miś T.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2019_n3_s52.pdf

Autor	Dawid Bródka, Andrzej Jędruchniewicz
Tytuł	Model obiegu okrężnego z punktu widzenia teorii kapitału szkoły austriackiej
Title	Circular flow model from the point of view of the capital theory of Austrian School
Słowa kluczowe	szkoła austriacka, teoria kapitału, model obiegu okrężnego, model struktury produkcji
Key words	Austrian School, theory of capital, circular fl ow model, structure of production model
Abstrakt	Celem artykułu była ocena modelu obiegu okrężnego z punktu widzenia teorii austriackiej szkoły ekonomii. W artykule omówiono teorię kapitału i model struktury produkcji tej szkoły. Omawiane zagadnienia odniesiono do modelu obiegu okrężnego, który dominuje w głównym nurcie ekonomii. Model ten jest krytykowany przez szkołę austriacką z powodu zbyt dużych uproszczeń. Główne zarzuty dotyczą pominięcia: twórczej natury działania ludzkiego, problemów niedoskonałej wiedzy i przedsiębiorczości, która związana jest z ryzykiem, roli czasu w działaniu i procesie produkcji, wertykalnego charakteru produkcji w gospodarce, powiązania oszczędności i inwestycji. Szkoła austriacka wskazuje również na zbyt daleko posuniętą w modelu obiegu okrężnego agregację kategorii ekonomicznych.
Abstract	The aim of the article was to assess the circular flow model from the point of view of the theory of the Austrian School. The article discusses the theory of capital and the production structure model of this school. The issues discussed were related to the circular flow model that dominates the mainstream of economics. This model is criticized by the Austrian School because of too much simplification. The main allegations relate to the omission of: the creative nature of human action, the problems of imperfect knowledge and entrepreneurship that is associated with risk, the role of time in action and the production process, the vertical nature of production in the economy, linking savings and investments. The Austrian School also points to the aggregation of economic categories going too far in the circular flow model.
Cytowanie	Bródka D., Jędruchniewicz A. (2019) Model obiegu okrężnego z punktu widzenia teorii kapitału szkoły austriackiej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 126: 17-28
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2019_n126_s17.pdf

Autor	Kinga Cichocka, Dawid Olewnicki
Tytuł	Ocena kondycji ekonomiczno-finansowej przedsiębiorstwa produkującego i sprzedającego rośliny ozdobne
Title	EVALUATION OF THE ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL CONDITION OF AN ENTERPRISE PRODUCING AND SELLING ORNAMENTAL PLANTS
Słowa kluczowe	rośliny ozdobne, produkcja szklarniowa, analiza ekonomiczno-finansowa
Key words	ornamental plants, greenhouse production, economic and financial analysis
Abstrakt	Celem opracowania była ocena kondycji ekonomiczno-finansowej wybranego przedsiębiorstwa produkującego i sprzedającego rośliny ozdobne w latach 2010-2016. Dokonano oceny struktury aktywów i pasywów oraz wskaźników zadłużenia, rentowności (ROA i ROE) oraz płynności bieżącej (CR – I stopnia) i szybkiej (QR – II stopnia). Wielkości wskaźników obliczonych na podstawie danych zawartych w sprawozdaniach finansowych nie wykazały istotnie niepokojących zjawisk. W latach 2014-2016 spółka osiągała satysfakcjonujący poziom wskaźnika ROA, tj. wyższy niż poziom inflacji, oraz wskaźnika ROE, którego wartość nie spadła poniżej 9,56%.
Abstract	The aim of the study was to assess the financial and economic situation of the company specialized in producing and selling ornamental plants in 2010-2016. The structure of assets, liabilities and the following indicators: debt, profitability, current liquidity (CR), quick liquidity (QR) were analyzed. The analysis based on the financial statements data did not reveal any significant or alarming threats. The values of selected indicators mostly did not deviate from the norm considerably. In the last three years the company achieved a satisfactory level of ROA, i.e. higher than the level of inflation and ROE, which value did not fall below 10%.
Cytowanie	Cichocka K., Olewnicki D. (2019) Ocena kondycji ekonomiczno-finansowej przedsiębiorstwa produkującego i sprzedającego rośliny ozdobne.Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 106, z. 1: 87-96
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2019_n1_s87.pdf

Autor	Adam Samborski
Tytuł	Finansowanie przedsiębiorstw w krajach Grupy Wyszehradzkiej
Title	Financing Enterprises in the Visegrad Group Countries
Słowa kluczowe	przedsiębiorstwo, finansowanie, analiza porównawcza, rachunki narodowe
Key words	enterprise, financing, comparative analysis, national accounts
Abstrakt	W artykule podjęto problematykę finansowania przedsiębiorstw w krajach Grupy Wyszehradzkiej, w latach 1995-2015. W analizach wykorzystano dane źródłowe pochodzące z rachunków narodowych. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań zaobserwowano wzrost poziomu samofinansowania w przedsiębiorstwach czeskich, węgierskich, polskich i słowackich. Zauważono także spadek wartości zaciągniętych netto zobowiązań. Wśród przyczyn wskazano na wysoki poziom w sektorze przedsiębiorstw oszczędności brutto oraz spadek wartości nakładów brutto na środki trwałe. Podstawowym źródłem finansowania zewnętrznego były trzy kategorie instrumentów finansowych, a mianowicie: kredyty i pożyczki, udziały kapitałowe, pozostałe kwoty do otrzymania / zapłacenia. We wnioskach podkreślono, iż pomimo spadku poziomu finansowania zewnętrznego nie nastąpiły znaczące zmiany w jego strukturze.
Abstract	The article addresses the issue of financing enterprises in the Visegrad Group countries in the years 1995-2015. The analyzes used source data derived from national accounts. On the basis of the conducted research, an increase in the self-financing level was observed in Czech, Hungarian, Polish and Slovak enterprises. A decrease in the value of net liabilities incurred was also noted. Among the reasons, a high level of gross savings in the enterprise sector and a decline in the gross fixed capital formation was indicated. The main source of external funding were three categories of financial instruments, namely loans, equity, other accounts receivable / payable. The conclusions emphasized that despite the decrease in the level of external financing, there were no significant changes in its structure.
Cytowanie	Samborski A. (2019) Finansowanie przedsiębiorstw w krajach Grupy Wyszehradzkiej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 1: 98-109
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s98.pdf

Autor	Sylwester Kozak, Agata Wierzbowska
Tytuł	BANK EFFICIENCY AND CONCENTRATION OF THE BANKING SECTOR IN THE CEE COUNTRIES
Title	Efektywność banków a koncentracja sektora bankowego w krajach EŚW
Słowa kluczowe	CEE countries, bank, efficiency, market concentration.
Key words	kraje EŚW, bank, efektywność, koncentracja rynku.
Abstrakt	The relationship between the structure of the banking market and efficiency of banks has been a subject of many studies for several decades. There is no uniform opinion on the correlation between these variables. The goal of the research is to investigate this relationship for 96 banks operating in eleven CEE countries in the years of 2005-2017. Bank efficiency scores are assessed with the SFA method and regressed with bank and macroeconomic characteristics. The results show that the efficiency of banks is positively affected by the concentration of the market on which they operate, as well as by the size of individual banks. This relationship is valid for all examined countries. Additionally, bank efficiency is positively impacted by improving the banking system. On the other hand, the GDP per capita, inflation rate and bank capital ratio are not conducive to bank efficiency.
Abstract	Zależność między strukturą rynku bankowego a efektywnością banków jest przedmiotem wielu badań od kilku dziesięcioleci. Większość z nich wskazuje na dodatnią korelację między tymi zmiennymi. Celem badania jest zbadanie tej relacji dla 96 banków działających w jedenastu krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej w latach 2005-2017. Efektywność banków jest wyznaczana przy pomocy metody SFA a następnie poddana regresji względem czynników makroekonomicznych i indywidualnych dla banków. Wyniki badania wskazują, że na efektywność banków pozytywnie wpływa koncentracja rynku, a także wielkość ich aktywów. Zależność ta jest obecna we wszystkich badanych krajach. Dodatkowo stwierdzono, że na efektywność banków pozytywnie wpływa rozwój systemu bankowego. Natomiast przeciwnie, PKB pc, stopa inflacji i współczynnik kapitałowy banku nie sprzyjają wydajności banków.
Cytowanie	Kozak S., Wierzbowska A. (2019) BANK EFFICIENCY AND CONCENTRATION OF THE BANKING SECTOR IN THE CEE COUNTRIES.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 22(71): 77-89
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2019_n71_s77.pdf

Autor	Arkadiusz Piwowar
Tytuł	Development of the Agricultural Biogas Market in Poland – Production Volume, Feedstocks, Activities and Behaviours of Farmers
Title	Development of the Agricultural Biogas Market in Poland – Production Volume, Feedstocks, Activities and Behaviours of Farmers
Słowa kluczowe	low carbon agriculture, agricultural biogas plants, Poland
Key words	low carbon agriculture, agricultural biogas plants, Poland
Abstrakt	The activity and efficiency of agricultural biogas plants are important issues in the field of low-emission development in rural areas and in agribusiness. The essence of the problems concerns mainly sustainable waste management in agricultural production. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the volume of agricultural biogas production in Poland and the structure of consumption of raw materials used for production of agricultural biogas. The analyses were carried out in the period of 2011–2017. The paper also presents results of empirical research on the agricultural practices as part of the subject area of the development of the agricultural biogas market in Poland. The aim of the questionnaire surveys of agricultural holdings was to obtain information on the use of the biomass from field crops and grasslands for energy purposes and the interest in the development of agricultural production towards the cultivation of energy crops. The results of the analyses were presented in the spatial arrangement of research.
Abstract	The activity and efficiency of agricultural biogas plants are important issues in the field of low-emission development in rural areas and in agribusiness. The essence of the problems concerns mainly sustainable waste management in agricultural production. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the volume of agricultural biogas production in Poland and the structure of consumption of raw materials used for production of agricultural biogas. The analyses were carried out in the period of 2011–2017. The paper also presents results of empirical research on the agricultural practices as part of the subject area of the development of the agricultural biogas market in Poland. The aim of the questionnaire surveys of agricultural holdings was to obtain information on the use of the biomass from field crops and grasslands for energy purposes and the interest in the development of agricultural production towards the cultivation of energy crops. The results of the analyses were presented in the spatial arrangement of research.
Cytowanie	Piwowar A. (2019) Development of the Agricultural Biogas Market in Poland – Production Volume, Feedstocks, Activities and Behaviours of Farmers.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 1: 88-97
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s88.pdf

Autor	Mykola Orlykovskyi, Ludwik Wicki
Tytuł	Znaczenie sektora agrobiznesu w Polsce i na Ukrainie
Title	Agribusiness Sector in Poland and Ukraine
Słowa kluczowe	agrobiznes, handel zagraniczny, wydajność pracy, struktura agrobiznesu, Ukraina
Key words	agribusiness, foreign trade, labor productivity, agribusiness structure, Ukraine
Abstrakt	W artykule podjęto próbę oceny porównawczej znaczenia agrobiznesu w gospodarce na Ukrainie i w Polsce. Analizą objęto lata 2001-2015. Dane pochodziły z oficjalnych źródeł statystycznych. Stwierdzono, że znaczenie agrobiznesu w Polsce w całym okresie zmniejszało się, a jego udział w wartości dodanej brutto w gospodarce wynosił w 2015 roku 6%, podczas, gdy na Ukrainie było to aż 15% i w ostatnich latach wzrastało. Agrobiznes miał też wysoki udział w eksporcie. W Polsce było to 15%, a na Ukrainie aż 38% w 2015 roku. W strukturze zatrudnienia w agrobiznesie dominowało rolnictwo z udziałem około 80% w obu krajach. Wewnętrzna struktura agrobiznesu była nowocześniejsza w Polsce, gdzie aż 58% wartości dodanej brutto było generowane w sektorze przetwórstwa żywności. Na Ukrainie było to tylko 24%. Znaczenie agrobiznesu w gospodarce ukraińskiej było wyższe niż w polskiej, ma on też tam bardziej surowcowy charakter. Na Ukrainie większy jest potencjał dalszego rozwoju wynikający z dużych zasobów ziemi rolniczej i możliwości wzrostu przetwórstwa żywności i jej eksportu.
Abstract	The article attempts to compare the importance of agribusiness in the economy in Ukraine and Poland. The analysis covered the years 2001-2015. The data came from official statistical sources. It was found that the importance of agribusiness to the Polish economy decreased over the entire period considered, its share in GVA in whole economy in 2015 was 6%, while in Ukraine it was as much as 15% and in recent years has been increasing. Agrobusiness also had a high share in exports. In Poland, it was 15, and in Ukraine as much as 38% in 2015. The employment structure in agribusiness was dominated by employment in agriculture with a share of about 80% in both countries. The internal structure of agribusiness was more modern in Poland, where as much as 58% of gross value added of agribusiness was generated in the food processing sector. In Ukraine, it was only 24%. The importance of agribusiness in the Ukrainian economy was higher than in Poland, it also has there a more raw character. The bigger potential for further development of agribusiness is in Ukraine, due to the large agricultural land resources and the large potential for increased production and processing of food and its exports.
Cytowanie	Orlykovskyi M., Wicki L. (2019) Znaczenie sektora agrobiznesu w Polsce i na Ukrainie.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 2: 210-223
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n2_s210.pdf

Autor	Yuriy Klapkiv, Petro Putsenteilo, Viktoriia Vovk
Tytuł	ADAPTATION PROCESSES OF THE AGRARIAN SECTOR FOR REALIZATION OF THE EXISITING POTENTIAL
Title
Słowa kluczowe	agricultural sector, adaptation processes, agricultural insurance, global agri-food system, potential
Key words
Abstrakt	The agrarian sector of Ukraine with its basic component of agriculture is increasingly becoming the systemformingfactor in the national economy. It creates the factors for maintaining the sovereignty of the state: foodand, within certain limits, the economic and ecological, energy security of the state, ensures the developmentof technologically related branches of the national economy. The main aim of the study was to compare thediversity of agrarian structure and land productivity in Ukraine. The basic commodity positions of agrarianproducts and the existing potential for development are determined. The measures necessary for the developmentof the agrarian sector of Ukraine, the expansion of markets and the successful promotion of agrarianproducts to the world food markets are singled out.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Klapkiv Y., Putsenteilo P., Vovk V.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2019_n3_s112.pdf

Autor	Urszula Bronisz, Andrzej Jakubowski
Tytuł	Rural Demographic Problem Areas in Poland
Title	Rural Demographic Problem Areas in Poland
Słowa kluczowe	rural areas, demographic problems, Poland
Key words	rural areas, demographic problems, Poland
Abstrakt	Demographic problem areas are perceived as one of the most important types of problem areas and require special research interest. Problem areas conditioned by population factor most often refer to rural areas. Presented article aims to identify and delimit rural demographic problem areas in Poland. The study covered rural areas distinguished on the basis of the classification of the European Commission DEGURBA The analysis enabled to identify depopulation areas, areas with disrupted population reproduction (ie areas of permanent natural decline), areas of permanent outflow of population, areas with impaired population structure by age and areas with disrupted population structure by sex in the group of people of marriage age (20-34 years). To indicate clusters of communes characterised by the presence of the unfavourable demographic phenomena and processes (rural demographic problem areas) the measure of local spatial autocorrelation (Anselin Local Moran's I) was applied. The application value resulting from the research may be the improvement of the effectiveness of public intervention carried out as part of the development policy.
Abstract	Demographic problem areas are perceived as one of the most important types of problem areas and require special research interest. Problem areas conditioned by population factor most often refer to rural areas. Presented article aims to identify and delimit rural demographic problem areas in Poland. The study covered rural areas distinguished on the basis of the classification of the European Commission DEGURBA The analysis enabled to identify depopulation areas, areas with disrupted population reproduction (ie areas of permanent natural decline), areas of permanent outflow of population, areas with impaired population structure by age and areas with disrupted population structure by sex in the group of people of marriage age (20-34 years). To indicate clusters of communes characterised by the presence of the unfavourable demographic phenomena and processes (rural demographic problem areas) the measure of local spatial autocorrelation (Anselin Local Moran's I) was applied. The application value resulting from the research may be the improvement of the effectiveness of public intervention carried out as part of the development policy.
Cytowanie	Bronisz U., Jakubowski A. (2019) Rural Demographic Problem Areas in Poland.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 2: 41-53
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n2_s41.pdf

Autor	Jerzy Bieńkowski, Małgorzata Holka
Tytuł	Environmental Assessment of the Life Cycle of Bovine Compound Feeds from a Feed Milling Plant in a Large Commercial Farm in Wielkopolska Region, Poland
Title	Environmental Assessment of the Life Cycle of Bovine Compound Feeds from a Feed Milling Plant in a Large Commercial Farm in Wielkopolska Region, Poland
Słowa kluczowe	environment, life cycle analysis, impact category indicator, compound feed, feed mill, Poland
Key words	environment, life cycle analysis, impact category indicator, compound feed, feed mill, Poland
Abstrakt	In recent years, the importance of environmental threats associated with intensive livestock production has been emphasized. Compound feeds make up a part of the animal production chain. A complete assessment of the animal production system with regard to environmental criteria is therefore impossible without considering the environmental consequences of feed production. The goal of this research is to fill the gap in an environmental assessment of production processes of compound feeds in Poland. The study presents an assessment of production impacts of bovine compound feeds according to Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) methodology. The data for analysis were based on the set of information obtained from the feed milling plant located in a commercial agricultural enterprise in the Wielkopolska region in the years 2015-2016. An inventory table of inputs was prepared in relation to the functional unit of 1 ton of compound feeds and two phases of production processes, i.e. upstream and core. For average compound feed, the impact category indicators for the global warming potential, acidification, eutrophication, photochemical ozone formation, consumption of mineral resources, fossil fuel resources and the emission of the respirable particles were respectively: 605.9 kg CO2 eq, 8.73 kg SO2 eq, 3.32 kg PO4 eq, 0.73 kg ethylene eq, 3.4x10-3 kg antimony eq, 5141.1 MJ and 2.25 kg PM2.5 eq. The upstream phase had the greatest effect on investigated impacts, while the core processes phase had a relatively low impact on environmental threats. It is recommended to broaden the scope of the research for a larger group of feed milling plants with more complex manufacturing processes, with a more branched supply structure and a wide range of compound feeds for different animal types. The obtained data can be a valuable source base in prospective analyses of the life cycle of various animal products in Poland.
Abstract	In recent years, the importance of environmental threats associated with intensive livestock production has been emphasized. Compound feeds make up a part of the animal production chain. A complete assessment of the animal production system with regard to environmental criteria is therefore impossible without considering the environmental consequences of feed production. The goal of this research is to fill the gap in an environmental assessment of production processes of compound feeds in Poland. The study presents an assessment of production impacts of bovine compound feeds according to Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) methodology. The data for analysis were based on the set of information obtained from the feed milling plant located in a commercial agricultural enterprise in the Wielkopolska region in the years 2015-2016. An inventory table of inputs was prepared in relation to the functional unit of 1 ton of compound feeds and two phases of production processes, i.e. upstream and core. For average compound feed, the impact category indicators for the global warming potential, acidification, eutrophication, photochemical ozone formation, consumption of mineral resources, fossil fuel resources and the emission of the respirable particles were respectively: 605.9 kg CO2 eq, 8.73 kg SO2 eq, 3.32 kg PO4 eq, 0.73 kg ethylene eq, 3.4x10-3 kg antimony eq, 5141.1 MJ and 2.25 kg PM2.5 eq. The upstream phase had the greatest effect on investigated impacts, while the core processes phase had a relatively low impact on environmental threats. It is recommended to broaden the scope of the research for a larger group of feed milling plants with more complex manufacturing processes, with a more branched supply structure and a wide range of compound feeds for different animal types. The obtained data can be a valuable source base in prospective analyses of the life cycle of various animal products in Poland.
Cytowanie	Bieńkowski J., Holka M. (2019) Environmental Assessment of the Life Cycle of Bovine Compound Feeds from a Feed Milling Plant in a Large Commercial Farm in Wielkopolska Region, Poland.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 1: 22-36
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s22.pdf

Autor	Tetiana Chernychko, Natalia Liba, Vitalii Rybchak
Tytuł	Professional competence of future economists in the region
Title
Słowa kluczowe	competence, competency approach, professional competence, economist, educational process
Key words
Abstrakt	The formation of professional competences of modern economists requires from the educational institution, from the teachers fundamentally new approaches in professional education: the integration of pedagogical, economic and entrepreneurial knowledge, skills and abilities. The aim of the study is to analyze modern approaches to the formulation of the concept of »competence«, to find out the components of professional competence for the preparation of future economists. General scientific methods of research have been applied: induction and deduction, refinement and classification. The modern approaches to the formulation of the concept of »competence« have been analyzed in the article. Historical and terminological analysis of its essence made it possible to find out the components, the structure of professional competence. Special attention has been paid to the content of key and substantive competence. The formation of professional competence of economists must be carried out taking into account the modern requirements in the field of education, educational programs of the specialty. Thus, a highly skilled economist one can become due to a high motivational indicator, confidence in the correct selection of the future kind of activity, the desire to acquire as much information professional material and its transformation into knowledge, which will lead to professionalism in the process of the vocational practice. In the subsequent research, we will substantiate the process of forming the competitiveness of future economists.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Chernychko T., Liba N., Rybchak V.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2019_n12_s59.pdf

Autor	Piotr Hadrian
Tytuł	PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MARKETING AUDIT AS STRATEGIC CONTROL
Title	Praktyczne uwarunkowania implementacji strategicznej kontroli marketingu w formie audytu
Słowa kluczowe	marketing management, strategic marketing control, marketing audit
Key words	zarządzanie marketingiem, strategiczna kontrola marketingu, audyt marketingu
Abstrakt	The article discusses the problems of marketing control, understood as a function which tops the management cycle. The immediate aim of this article is to present the results of research on the use of marketing audit as a form of strategic marketing control, in particular, the indicated factors that affect the limitation of its use. Considerations on the theoretical aspect, as well as the analysis of empirical material of a secondary and primary nature, were conducted using the literature studies method and qualitative research methods. I presented the results of several studies directly devoted to the problems of implementing marketing audit against the background of analyzing the place of audit in the structure of marketing control. The research, although conducted at different times, in different markets and using different methods, undertook similar research topics, which allows, to some extent, a qualitative comparative analysis of their results. The presented results show that the degree of the use of marketing audit in economic practice still should be assessed as weak. Limiting factors for the use of marketing audit in enterprises include, first and foremost: restricting access to information necessary in the process of auditing, unawareness of the benefits resulting from the implementation of marketing audit, the unclear nature of marketing activities undertaken, and the fear of excessive organizational and financial burden.
Abstract	Artykuł poświęcony jest problematyce kontroli marketingu rozumianej jako funkcja wieńcząca cykl procesu zarządzania. Bezpośrednim celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie wyników badań dotyczących wykorzystywania audytu marketingu jako formy strategicznej kontroli marketingu, a w szczególności wskazywanych czynników, które wpływają na ograniczenie jego wykorzystania. Rozważania w części teoretycznej, jak i analizie materiału empirycznego o charakterze wtórnym i pierwotnym, prowadzone były z wykorzystaniem metody studiów literaturowych oraz metod badań jakościowych.Na tle rozważań poświęconych usytuowaniu audytu w strukturze kontroli marketingu, dokonano prezentacji wyników kilku badań, poświęconych bezpośrednio problemom implementacji audytu marketingu. Badania, choć prowadzone w odmiennym czasie, na różnych rynkach i różnymi metodami, podejmowały podobne zagadnienia badawcze, co umożliwia w pewnym zakresie dokonanie jakościowej analizy porównawczej ich wyników. Z zaprezentowanych wyników wynika, że stopień wykorzystywania audytu marketingu w praktyce gospodarczej, niezmiennie należy ocenić jako słaby. Za czynniki ograniczające wykorzystanie audytu marketingu w przedsiębiorstwach, należy uznać przede wszystkim ograniczenie dostępu do informacji niezbędnych w procesie realizacji audytu, nieświadomość korzyści wynikających z realizacji audytu marketingu, nieklarowny charakter podejmowanych działań marketingowych oraz obawy przed nadmiernymi obciążeniami natury organizacyjnej i finansowej.
Cytowanie	Hadrian P. (2019) PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MARKETING AUDIT AS STRATEGIC CONTROL.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 22(71): 65-76
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2019_n71_s65.pdf

Autor	Paul Lane, Joanna Wyrobek
Tytuł	IMPACT OF INTERNATIONALIZATION ON THE CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF COMMERCIAL COMPANIES
Title
Słowa kluczowe	multinational companies, indebtedness, corporate finance, capital structure
Key words
Abstrakt	International enterprises (in this paper, international companies are understood as companies that sell their products and services abroad) are precious for the national economy because, through their experience in international sales, they stimulate the development of other companies in the same industry and their subcontractors. The knowledge that these companies have gained on international markets through the spillover effect spreads on their suppliers, as well as through imitation or cooperation on their competitors. Also, international companies (in the meaning: domestic export companies) are often the first to use new technological solutions and product innovations, which contributes to the modernization of products in the entire business sector. Dynamic and robust international companies usually also build networks with entities from different countries in order to cooperate on development, negotiation, and sales, which also encourages similar activities of their competitors. For all these reasons, national governments should take action to help to export companies, or at least monitor the problems that such entities report. The purpose of the publication is to draw attention to the higher demand for the debt that exists in such enterprises and to discuss the reasons for this. In particular, the purpose of the publication was to verify 2 research hypotheses: H1: Internationalization increases indebtedness of a company measured with the debt to equity ratio, and H2: The scale of internationalization (measured with the share of foreign sales to total sales) is positively related to the level of indebtedness (measured with the debt to equity ratio). For both hypotheses we found no grounds to reject these hypotheses. In the opinion of the authors, the demand for debt from exporters should be monitored, especially in terms of the availability of this form of financing for exporters from the SME sector. The paper used the Arellano-Bond model and data downloaded from the Orbis database for years 2007 – 2017.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Lane P., Wyrobek J. (2019) IMPACT OF INTERNATIONALIZATION ON THE CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF COMMERCIAL COMPANIES.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 22(71): 250-267
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2019_n71_s250.pdf

Autor	Jarosław Dziuba
Tytuł	Polityka podatkowa gmin wiejskich w Polsce w latach 2006–2017
Title	Tax policy of rural municipalities in Poland in 2006–2017
Słowa kluczowe	samorząd terytorialny, podatki lokalne, polityka podatkowa, system podatkowy
Key words	local self-governement, local taxes, tax policy, tax system
Abstrakt	Celem artykułu było rozpoznanie specyfi ki polityki podatkowej gmin wiejskich w Polsce. Weryfi kacji poddano hipotezę, zgodnie z którą polityka podatkowa w tych gminach jest bardziej liberalna i aktywna w porównaniu z innymi rodzajami gmin. Przeprowadzona analiza sprawozdań budżetowych gmin za lata 2006–2017 nie wykazuje istotnych odmienności polityki podatkowej gmin wiejskich w zakresie struktury zarówno podatków, jak i stosowanych instrumentów względem polityk podatkowych innych typów gmin. Można natomiast zauważyć większe natężenie i elastyczność wykorzystywania narzędzi władztwa podatkowego, co pozwala uznać postawioną hipotezę za prawdziwą.
Abstract	The purpose of the article was to discuss the specificity of tax policy carried out by rural municipalities in Poland. The hypothesis stating that tax policy in these municipalities is more active and liberal in comparison with other types of municipalities has been verified. The conducted analysis of municipal budget reports for the years 2006–2017 does not present any significant differences in tax policy of rural municipalities regarding the structure of either the taxes or the applied instruments in relation to tax policies of other types of municipalities. However, greater intensity and flexibility of using the tools of fiscal power is noticeable, which allows considering the put forward hypothesis to be true.
Cytowanie	Dziuba J. (2019) Polityka podatkowa gmin wiejskich w Polsce w latach 2006–2017.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 125: 33-43
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2019_n125_s33.pdf

Autor	Maria Miczyńska-Kowalska
Tytuł	Suburbanizacja strefy podmiejskiej Lublina
Title	SUBURBANIZATION OF THE SUBURBIAN ZONE OF LUBLIN
Słowa kluczowe	suburbanizacja, strefa podmiejska, rozwój obszarów wiejskich, migracje
Key words	sub-urbanisation, suburban zone, rural development, migration
Abstrakt	W artykule podjęto problematykę dotyczącą suburbanizacji strefy podmiejskiej na przykładzie gmin przyległych do miasta Lublin: Głuska, Jastkowa, Konopnicy, Niedrzwicy Dużej, Niemiec oraz Wólki. Celem badań było wskazanie specyfiki procesu suburbanizacji i zmian w latach 1995-2017 w strefie podmiejskiej, na przykładzie wymienionych gmin. W opracowaniu uwzględniono wymiar demograficzny i ekonomiczny zmian. Oceny procesu suburbanizacji strefy podmiejskiej Lublina dokonano na podstawie liczby ludności w gminach, zmian w poziomie migracji z miast do gmin ościennych Lublina, liczby osób prowadzących działalność gospodarczą, liczby podmiotów gospodarczych funkcjonujących na terenie gminy, struktury zatrudnienia i liczby mieszkań. W opracowaniu wykorzystano literaturę przedmiotu oraz dostępne statystyki Banku Danych Lokalnych GUS.
Abstract	This issue concerns the suburban zone on the example of municipalities, which are neighbouring the city of Lublin: Głusk, Jastków, Konopnica, Niedrzwica Duża, Niemce and Wólka. The aim of the analysis to identify the specific characteristics of the suburbanization process and changes in the years 1995-2017 in selected municipalities. The analysis took into account the demographic and economic analysis. The assessment of the suburbanization process of the area of Lublin was based on the analysis of the population in the municipalities, the level of migration from the cities to the neighbouring municipalities of Lublin, the changes in the number of persons carrying on economic activities, the number of traders operating in the municipality, changes of the structure of employment and account of flats. The study uses the literature and available statistics: regional statistics office – Local Data Bank of Central Statistical Office.
Cytowanie	Miczyńska-Kowalska M. (2019) Suburbanizacja strefy podmiejskiej Lublina.Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 106, z. 1: 72-86
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2019_n1_s72.pdf