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Autor	Grzegorz Kunikowski
Tytuł	LOW-CARBON ECONOMY PLANNING IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR
Title
Słowa kluczowe	general regional economics, alternative energy sources, government policy
Key words
Abstrakt	The article presents the results of analysis of low carbon economy planning in public administration, as well as technological and non-technological solutions present in Poland and the EU. The review of documentation, being a formal basis for dealing with problems by public administration and local authorities, and the analysis of sample programmes and plan indicate that the main determinant of low carbon economy development in Poland is the state of the natural environment, particularly air quality and availability of financial support for investments, which is dependent on the possession of specific planning documents. Technological solutions are economically verified as network parity, which indicates the importance of organizational, fiscal and financial solutions.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Kunikowski G.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s103.pdf

Autor	Andrzej Czyżewski, Sebastian Stępień
Tytuł	DISCOVERING ECONOMICS IN THE EU’S COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE NEW PERIOD 2021–2026
Title
Słowa kluczowe	common agricultural policy, economics, paradigm, recommendations
Key words
Abstrakt	The aim of the publication is to assess the functioning of common agricultural policy (CAP) in the context of its relationship with the paradigm of industrial and sustained development of the food economy. The idea is to find a relationship between specific instruments of the EU’s agricultural policy and the assumptions of the adopted paradigms, and thus formulate certain general application premises and solutions in three areas: justification for the support of the agricultural sector, the problem of income deprivation of agricultural producers, and the change of the industrial-technological development model, predominant in agriculture, into sustained development. In light of the presented discussion, the occurrence of the following three economic CAP premises was confirmed: the need for financial support for the agricultural sector, the drainage of agricultural producers in the food supply chain, and the superiority of sustainably developed agriculture over industrial agriculture. As a result, recommendations concerning common agricultural policy after 2020 were given. The most important ones include: maintaining as high a level of support for agriculture as possible at an EU level, maintaining the system of direct subsidies as the most important instrument of equalising agricultural income, limiting unequal distribution of payments among small and large farms, enhancing the position of the farmer in the food chain, implementating a mandatory risk management instrument, and establishing an ‘environmental budget’ financing public goods.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Czyżewski A., Stępień S.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s154.pdf

Autor	Emmanuel Essel
Tytuł	IMPACT OF LAND CONFLICT ON AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION: A CASE STUDY OF THE ALAVANYOS AND NKONYAS OF GHANA
Title
Słowa kluczowe	impact, land conflict, agricultural production
Key words
Abstrakt	Conflict largely is and has always been part of all human endeavours, however one particular area where conflict has created problems has been land conflict where tribes owing to their beliefs and cultures feel that lands they occupy has been a heritage property that had been handed down from generation. Land remains an important natural capital for every nation and individuals, and because of this, it is not unusual that there is land conflict across the world, especially in developing nations like Ghana where a huge population depends on agriculture for their livelihood. A case of a protracted land conflict in Ghana is between the people of Nkonya. and Alavanyo. The objective of this paper was to access the impact of land conflict between the Nkonyans and Alavanyos of Ghana on agriculture production. It also professes some recommendations. The paper was conducted as a desk study and the author relied mainly on secondary data.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Essel E.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s182.pdf

Autor	Sławomir Stec, Monika Szeląg
Tytuł	INNOVATION AND RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES IN PODKARPACKIE VOIVODESHIP IN THE YEARS 2005–2016
Title
Słowa kluczowe	entrepreneurship, innovation, innovative company, innovation management, innovation processes, service innovation, technological innovation
Key words
Abstrakt	The article describes the activities related to running innovative activities and presents the dynamics of changes in expenditure on research and development as well as innovation in Podkarpackie Voivodeship in the years 2005–2016. Following article consist short characteristic of activities connected with innovation issue. It was found that the number of entities conducting R&D activities increased four times, and thus the employment of people dealing with research and development would grow as well. Similarly, the expenditure of these entities on the implementation of innovations increased, which, however, depended to some extent on the availability of EU funds. Thereby, in the period of reduced access to EU programs supporting the conduct of R&D activity, the expenditure of entities on these activities also slightly decreased.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Stec S., Szeląg M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s243.pdf

Autor	Łukasz Satoła
Tytuł	MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND THE LEVEL OF FISCALISM IN LOCAL TAXES
Title
Słowa kluczowe	infrastructure, municipality, local taxes
Key words
Abstrakt	Municipalities are responsible for the condition of technical infrastructure installations, shaping the conditions of functioning of companies at the local level. The operation of municipal infrastructure generates costs that need to be financed by budgetary revenue. The aim of this paper is to identify the interdependencies between the level of municipal infrastructure provision and the level of fiscalism in property tax. The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method was used for the synthetic assessment of the development of the municipal infrastructure. The analyses conducted confirmed the correlation between the condition of technical infrastructure and the level of fiscalism of municipalities. Municipalities with higher standard of public services related with technical infrastructure had higher property tax rates. A higher fiscalism level of municipalities is accepted if the installations allowing for a better standard of living and conducting business is provided.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Satoła Ł.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s370.pdf

Autor	Monika Wojcieszak
Tytuł	WELFARE FARMS IN POLAND AS AN EXAMPLE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES IN RURAL AREAS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	welfare farms, rural areas, agri-tourism
Key words
Abstrakt	The purpose of the paper was to present the importance of welfare farms in Poland as a social element of mutual relations, connections and co-operation in local and regional development. The concept of welfare farms is characterised in the study and the main idea of their formation is presented. Examples of welfare farms in Poland as part of the first pilot project known as ‘Zielona opieka – gospodarstwa opiekuńcze w woj. kujawsko-pomorskim’ (Green care: welfare farms in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodeship) have also been presented. It was also pointed out that social farming plays an increasingly important role in the contemporary development of rural areas. The paper was compiled using the desk research method and a classical analysis of documents was used. The choice of methods was determined by the availability of source materials, some of which were of primary or secondary nature (social farming literature, reports and public statistic documents). This paper also pointed to the fact that welfare farms are increasingly becoming a popular form of social service in rural areas. It also testifies to the entrepreneurship of farmers, because they offer not only accommodation and catering, but also care on their farms.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Wojcieszak M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s161.pdf

Autor	Krzysztof Firlej, Sebastian Kubala
Tytuł	THE ASSESSMENT OF EXPORT POTENTIAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PRODUCTS IN THE VISEGRAD GROUP COUNTRIES IN THE YEARS 2005–2017
Title
Słowa kluczowe	foreign trade, agri-food industry, the Visegrad Group
Key words
Abstrakt	The foreign trade in agricultural and food products is a significant reflection of an economic situation occurring in the current functioning of agriculture, food industry and its individual trades in a given country. It is worth considering how the export of Polish agricultural and food products may be compared with the Vise grad Group countries in this area. The article deals with an attempt to assess the export potential of agricultural and food products in the Visegrad Group countries in the years 2005–2017 using a modified index for an assessment of a level of competitiveness in a foreign trade, that is the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index – RCA – by Balassa. The results of the study prove that the export of agricultural and food products in the Visegrad Group countries is vulnerable to economic trends, there is a significant degree of competitiveness regarding export of the food products of animal origin in these countries, and the greatest level of competitiveness of the foreign trade in the food products of plant origin regarding cereals, and the trade in fruit and vegetables is less and less important.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Firlej K., Kubala S.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s167.pdf

Autor	Karolina Kossowska, Sylwester Kozak
Tytuł	CHANGES IN THE LEVEL OF TECHNICAL AND SCALE EFFICIENCY OF THE FOOD SECTOR ENTERPRISES IN POLAND IN THE YEARS 2006–2016
Title
Słowa kluczowe	technical efficiency, DEA method, food sector
Key words
Abstrakt	This article empirically analyses evaluation of efficiency of Polish food producers. Technical and scale efficiency indices are measured using the non-parametric DEA method. The study is based on the annual financial reports of 51 sugar and confectionery producers operating in 2006–2016. The research revealed that technical efficiency of enterprises ranged from 82 to 93%, with the highest levels in periods of considerable increasing macroeconomic conditions in periods of 2006–2007 and 2013–2016. Most of companies characterised with the high efficiency and increasing return to scale. Throughout the entire period companies characterized with high scale efficiency at the interval of 87–93%.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Kossowska K., Kozak S.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s174.pdf

Autor	Tomasz Rokicki
Tytuł	THE ORGANISATION OF TRANSPORT IN THE AGRIBUSINESS SECTOR IN THE RESEARCH OF THE FACULTY OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES OF WULS-SGGW IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Title
Słowa kluczowe	transport cost, agribusiness, food processing, own and external transport
Key words
Abstrakt	Transport is a very important branch of the economy. It was quite well recognized in the case of industry services, however, there have been few studies on transport services provided in the agribusiness sector. This gap was filled by employees of the Faculty of Economic Sciences at WULS-SGGW. The subjects of interest were entities dealing in food processing. The study reviewed research and publications of the Faculty’s employees that were created in the 21st century. The majority of enterprises did not have a separate department dealing with transport. Apart from own transportation, small and micro enterprises also combined their own and external transport means. Forwarding services were used to a small extent in the shipping process organisation. The results of the research at WULS-SGGW and other studies were quite similar.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Rokicki T.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s347.pdf

Autor	Kinga Jeziorska, Agnieszka Parlińska
Tytuł	Rozwój rynku gwarancji ubezpieczeniowych w Polsce
Title	DEVELOPMENT OF THE GUARANTEE INSURANCE MARKET IN POLAND
Słowa kluczowe	ubezpieczenia finansowe, gwarancja ubezpieczeniowa, gwarant
Key words	Financial insurance, insurance guarantee, the guarantor
Abstrakt	Gwarancje ubezpieczeniowe są instrumentami przeznaczonymi w głównej mierze dla przedsiębiorców, którzy uczestniczą w przetargach oraz zajmują się wykonywaniem kontraktów jako forma zabezpieczenia bez blokowania ich własnych środków finansowych. Celem artykułU była ocena rozwoju i znaczenia gwarancji ubezpieczeniowych na tle ubezpieczeń finansowych w Polsce w latach 2005-2016. Przedstawiono aspekty prawne i konstrukcje gwarancji ubezpieczeniowych. Dokonano analizy rozwoju gwarancji ubezpieczeniowych pod względem liczby zakładów ubezpieczeń, liczby wystawionych polis, wartości składki przypisanej brutto, liczby wypłat oraz wartości wypłaconych odszkodowań i świadczeń brutto.
Abstract	Insurance guarantees are instruments designed mainly for entrepreneurs who participate in tenders and deal with performance contracts as a form of security without blocking their own financial resources. The paper introduces the development and importance of insurance guarantees on the background of financial insurance in Poland in the years 2005-2016. On the beginning the legal aspects and guarantees construction were presented. The analysis of the development of insurance guarantees in terms of the number of insurance undertakings, the number of issued insurance policies, values contributions assigned gross number of withdrawals and the value of the paid compensation gross were included.
Cytowanie	Jeziorska K., Parlińska A. (2018) Rozwój rynku gwarancji ubezpieczeniowych w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 20(69): 150-162
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2018_n69_s150.pdf

Autor	Saada Reuveni
Tytuł	Hunger Solution: One-Dimensional and Multi-Dimensional Food Security Programs
Title	Hunger Solution: One-Dimensional and Multi-Dimensional Food Security Programs
Słowa kluczowe	categorization, classification, one-dimension, multi-dimension, food security
Key words	categorization, classification, one-dimension, multi-dimension, food security
Abstrakt	Addressing hunger requires many different programs to tackle this issue. These programs need to be organized in an effective way, and so far, no evidence exists of attempts made to categorize hunger solution programs. This study takes the first step in suggesting a new approach to hunger program categorization. The two categories suggested are one-dimensional hunger programs and multi-dimensional hunger programs. The first category emphasizes a solution focused on one channel of activity to address the hunger problem. The second category emphasizes that hunger is a complex, multi-dimensional problem that requires a multi-pronged solution, working simultaneously through several channels to address hunger. This study tests six food security programs, discusses each profile’s working plans, and determines which category each program applies to. Categorization makes the study of hunger programs much easier and helps to identify similarity between proposes solutions. It has a practical side too. For example, it could serve as a basis for developing other new ideas for this issue or help to compare and determine effective programs or solutions. The two categories offered in this study for food security programs could also be easily applied to other hunger programs.
Abstract	Addressing hunger requires many different programs to tackle this issue. These programs need to be organized in an effective way, and so far, no evidence exists of attempts made to categorize hunger solution programs. This study takes the first step in suggesting a new approach to hunger program categorization. The two categories suggested are one-dimensional hunger programs and multi-dimensional hunger programs. The first category emphasizes a solution focused on one channel of activity to address the hunger problem. The second category emphasizes that hunger is a complex, multi-dimensional problem that requires a multi-pronged solution, working simultaneously through several channels to address hunger. This study tests six food security programs, discusses each profile’s working plans, and determines which category each program applies to. Categorization makes the study of hunger programs much easier and helps to identify similarity between proposes solutions. It has a practical side too. For example, it could serve as a basis for developing other new ideas for this issue or help to compare and determine effective programs or solutions. The two categories offered in this study for food security programs could also be easily applied to other hunger programs.
Cytowanie	Reuveni S. (2018) Hunger Solution: One-Dimensional and Multi-Dimensional Food Security Programs.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 4: 407-416
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n4_s407.pdf

Autor	Andrzej Czyżewski, Jakub Staniszewski
Tytuł	Zrównoważona intensyfikacja rolnictwa jako kombinacja efektywności nakładów ekonomicznych i środowiskowych
Title	Sustainable Intensification of Agriculture as the Composition of Economic Productivity and Environmental Pressure Measures
Słowa kluczowe	zrównoważona intensyfikacja, rolnictwo, ekoefektywność, DEA, Malmquist, TFP
Key words	sustainable intensification, agriculture, eco-efficiency, DEA, Malmquist, TFP
Abstrakt	W artykule zaprezentowano alternatywną koncepcję pomiaru zrównoważonej intensyfikacji (SI), opartą o pomiar efektywności z wykorzystaniem metody DEA, indeksu TFP Malmquista oraz miar odległości euklidesowej i kątowej. Proponowany miernik pozwala określić dynamikę procesu zrównoważonej intensyfikacji, z uwzględnieniem pierwotnego poziomu efektywności nakładów ekonomicznych i ekoefektywności. Zastosowane rozwiązanie pozwala częściowo zniwelować problem ważenia poszczególnych wymiarów zrównoważonego rozwoju. Metodę zastosowano do pomiaru SI w krajach Unii Europejskiej w latach 2005-2013. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdzają występowanie tego procesu w większości krajów oraz przeciętnie w całej UE. Szczególnie szybko postępował on wśród krajów Europy środkowo-wschodniej oraz wśród krajów skandynawskich. Zmiany niezgodne z koncepcją zrównoważonej intensyfikacji postępowały natomiast w krajach Beneluksu oraz na Wyspach Brytyjskich, gdzie następowała poprawa produktywności środowiskowej, kosztem produktywności nakładów ekonomicznych.
Abstract	The paper presents an alternative method of sustainable intensification (SI) measurement. It is based on efficiency analysis using DEA method, Malmquist TFP index and Euclidean and angular distance measurements. The proposed measure makes it possible to determine the dynamics of the process of sustainable intensification, taking into account the base level of economic and eco-efficiency. Applied solution partially eliminates the problem of weighing the various dimensions of sustainable development. The method was used to measure SI in the European Union countries in 2005-2013. Obtained results confirm the presence of this process in most countries and on average in the whole EU. It was particularly fast among the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and among the Scandinavian countries. Changes that were not in line with the SI concept, occurred in the Benelux countries and in the British Isles, where environmental productivity improved, diminishing economic productivity.
Cytowanie	Czyżewski A., Staniszewski J. (2018) Zrównoważona intensyfikacja rolnictwa jako kombinacja efektywności nakładów ekonomicznych i środowiskowych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 3: 80-90
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n3_s80.pdf

Autor	Łukasz Kryszak
Tytuł	Profit Efficiency in EU FADN Farms under Different Types of Agriculture
Title	Profit Efficiency in EU FADN Farms under Different Types of Agriculture
Słowa kluczowe	efficiency analysis, DEA, FADN, farm income, models of agriculture
Key words	efficiency analysis, DEA, FADN, farm income, models of agriculture
Abstrakt	The aim of the paper was to assess the profit efficiency in representative farms in FADN regions operating in various types of agriculture. For this purpose, clusters of FADN regions with relatively similar dominant types of agriculture were selected on the basis of their partial productivity indicators. Then, efficiency indicators were calculated for each region, using various types of DEA models. The data were adapted from FADN and covered the 2004 and 2015 period. On the basis of analysis conducted in the article, it was found that the farms located in Mediterranean regions were the most efficient. At the same time, in the cluster covering the regions with the most modern agriculture, the efficiency was at a very low level. Farms in most regions operated under the conditions of decreasing economies of scale, although the efficiency of scale itself improved. Moreover, in contrast to 2004, an increase in efficiency in relation to the best practice frontier was observed in 2015.
Abstract	The aim of the paper was to assess the profit efficiency in representative farms in FADN regions operating in various types of agriculture. For this purpose, clusters of FADN regions with relatively similar dominant types of agriculture were selected on the basis of their partial productivity indicators. Then, efficiency indicators were calculated for each region, using various types of DEA models. The data were adapted from FADN and covered the 2004 and 2015 period. On the basis of analysis conducted in the article, it was found that the farms located in Mediterranean regions were the most efficient. At the same time, in the cluster covering the regions with the most modern agriculture, the efficiency was at a very low level. Farms in most regions operated under the conditions of decreasing economies of scale, although the efficiency of scale itself improved. Moreover, in contrast to 2004, an increase in efficiency in relation to the best practice frontier was observed in 2015.
Cytowanie	Kryszak Ł. (2018) Profit Efficiency in EU FADN Farms under Different Types of Agriculture.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 3: 196-207
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n3_s196.pdf

Autor	Kaja Karwowska, Magdalena Skotnicka, Maria Śmiechowska
Tytuł	The Problem of Food Waste in Different Types of Households on the Example of the Residents of Poland and Polish People Residing in the United Kingdom – Pilot Study
Title	The Problem of Food Waste in Different Types of Households on the Example of the Residents of Poland and Polish People Residing in the United Kingdom – Pilot Study
Słowa kluczowe	waste food, household
Key words	waste food, household
Abstrakt	The objective of this study was comparing the scale of food waste depending on different types of households among Poles living in Poland and in the UK. The research was conducted in the group of 622 persons, whereas 345 persons lived in Poland and 277 were residing in the UK for minimum 2 years, however not longer than 10 years. The respondents were differentiated depending on the type of the household in which they lived: 1-person, 2-person, 3-person, 4-person and more. More than the half of the respondents declared that they had happened to throw away food, whereas these are the “British” Poles who waste food most and who are comprised in 1- and 2-person households. A significant dependence was observed in both studied groups, the more numerous the household was the lesser amount of food was wasted. The mostly wasted food included bread, yoghurts, sausage, fruit and vegetables, regardless of the number of persons in the given household or of the place of residence. Due to the fact that the rate of food waste is so high, it is necessary to find a way to implement new ideas and interventions which would limit the food waste in the households.
Abstract	The objective of this study was comparing the scale of food waste depending on different types of households among Poles living in Poland and in the UK. The research was conducted in the group of 622 persons, whereas 345 persons lived in Poland and 277 were residing in the UK for minimum 2 years, however not longer than 10 years. The respondents were differentiated depending on the type of the household in which they lived: 1-person, 2-person, 3-person, 4-person and more. More than the half of the respondents declared that they had happened to throw away food, whereas these are the “British” Poles who waste food most and who are comprised in 1- and 2-person households. A significant dependence was observed in both studied groups, the more numerous the household was the lesser amount of food was wasted. The mostly wasted food included bread, yoghurts, sausage, fruit and vegetables, regardless of the number of persons in the given household or of the place of residence. Due to the fact that the rate of food waste is so high, it is necessary to find a way to implement new ideas and interventions which would limit the food waste in the households.
Cytowanie	Karwowska K., Skotnicka M., Śmiechowska M. (2018) The Problem of Food Waste in Different Types of Households on the Example of the Residents of Poland and Polish People Residing in the United Kingdom – Pilot Study.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 3: 282-294
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n3_s282.pdf

Autor	Monika Bagińska, Anna Klepacka
Tytuł	The Use of CSR Measurement Matrix in the Aspect of Sustainable Development
Title	The Use of CSR Measurement Matrix in the Aspect of Sustainable Development
Słowa kluczowe	CSR, stakeholders, measurement matrix, sustainable development, Poland
Key words	CSR, stakeholders, measurement matrix, sustainable development, Poland
Abstrakt	The idea of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) represents the voluntary effort that companies invest in social life. Companies incorporate the concept of CSR strategy in their businesses, knowing its importance to the benefit of the public at large and to sustainable development. Any activity of any major company is exposed to public opinion, which plays a key role in shaping the image of the company. Companies compete to win social trust and acceptance of their activity. The aim of the article was to present the value and significance of CSR activities undertaken by companies, using the example of two businesses, i.e. Polski Koncern Naftowy (PKN) Orlen and Kompania Piwowarska in reference to sustainable development. The article compares the CSR measurement matrix that allows assessing whether a given company is socially responsible, to what extent CSR activities affect the company's stakeholders and to what extent they are consistent with sustainable development (assigning particular CSR development tools by Stakeholders applying the weights from 1 to 3). ISO 26000 standards define the principles of social and environmental responsibility as a guide for organizations and in the analysed companies are a tool that exerts one of the greatest impacts on stakeholders. For both companies, the most important stakeholders are Shareholders and Managers, and they are the ones who, to the largest extent, conduct a socially responsible dialogue for which all CSR development tools are important. Both companies conduct key activities, PKN Orlen used 91% and Kompania Piwowarska 73% of all CSR development tools considered in this study.
Abstract	The idea of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) represents the voluntary effort that companies invest in social life. Companies incorporate the concept of CSR strategy in their businesses, knowing its importance to the benefit of the public at large and to sustainable development. Any activity of any major company is exposed to public opinion, which plays a key role in shaping the image of the company. Companies compete to win social trust and acceptance of their activity. The aim of the article was to present the value and significance of CSR activities undertaken by companies, using the example of two businesses, i.e. Polski Koncern Naftowy (PKN) Orlen and Kompania Piwowarska in reference to sustainable development. The article compares the CSR measurement matrix that allows assessing whether a given company is socially responsible, to what extent CSR activities affect the company's stakeholders and to what extent they are consistent with sustainable development (assigning particular CSR development tools by Stakeholders applying the weights from 1 to 3). ISO 26000 standards define the principles of social and environmental responsibility as a guide for organizations and in the analysed companies are a tool that exerts one of the greatest impacts on stakeholders. For both companies, the most important stakeholders are Shareholders and Managers, and they are the ones who, to the largest extent, conduct a socially responsible dialogue for which all CSR development tools are important. Both companies conduct key activities, PKN Orlen used 91% and Kompania Piwowarska 73% of all CSR development tools considered in this study.
Cytowanie	Bagińska M., Klepacka A. (2018) The Use of CSR Measurement Matrix in the Aspect of Sustainable Development.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 1: 80-87
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n1_s80.pdf

Autor	Katarzyna Kłosowicz-Toborek
Tytuł	Istota protekcjonizmu w dziewiętnastym wieku oraz współcześnie
Title	The Essence of Protectionism in the Nineteenth Century and Nowadays
Słowa kluczowe	protekcjonizm, niemiecka szkoła historyczna, neoprotekcjonizm, polityka handlowa
Key words	protectionism, German historical school of economy, neoprotectionism, trade policy
Abstrakt	Pomimo działalności WTO idea protekcjonizmu jest wciąż aktualna. Większość państw oficjalnie opowiada się za liberalizmem, a przy tym ogranicza wymianę handlową. Działalność ta ulega nasileniu w okresach stagnacji gospodarczej oraz w związku z różnicami rozwojowymi między uczestnikami rynku światowego. To właśnie zacofanie gospodarcze XIX-wiecznych Niemiec wpłynęło na stworzenie wielu oryginalnych myśli, a wśród nich tych, które odnosiły się do sposobu prowadzenia handlu zagranicznego. Warto zatem zbadać i porównać neoprotekcjonizm z protekcjonizmem prezentowanym przez XIX-wiecznych ekonomistów. Analiza współczesnego i XIX-wiecznego protekcjonizmu wskazuje, że istota tych pojęć nie różni się bowiem neoprotekcjonizm i jego XIX wieczny odpowiednik realizują te same cele, aczkolwiek przy wykorzystaniu innych środków.
Abstract	Despite the buoyant activity of the WTO, the idea of protectionism is still valid. Most countries officially support liberalism while limiting trade. This activity is intensified during periods of economic stagnation and in relation to the developmental differences among the participants in the world market. The economic backwardness of nineteenth-century Germany influenced the development of many original ideas, including those related to foreign trade. Therefore, it is worth examining and comparing neoprotectionism to the protectionism presented by nineteenth-century economists. The analysis of contemporary and nineteenth century protectionism indicates that the essence of these concepts does not differ, because neoprotectionism and its nineteenth-century equivalent fulfill the same aims, but using different measures.
Cytowanie	Kłosowicz-Toborek K. (2018) Istota protekcjonizmu w dziewiętnastym wieku oraz współcześnie.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 1: 88-99
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n1_s88.pdf

Autor	Jakub Piecuch, Joanna Szarek
Tytuł	Konkurencyjność gospodarki województwa małopolskiego a rozwój ekosystemu startupowego
Title	Competitiveness of the Economy of the Małopolska Region and the Development of the Startup Ecosystem
Słowa kluczowe	konkurencyjność, innowacyjność, startup, ekosystem startupowy
Key words	competitiveness, innovation, startup, startup ecosystem
Abstrakt	W XXI wieku konkurencyjna gospodarka regionu jest gospodarką opartą na wiedzy i nowych technologiach. Przedsiębiorstwa typu startup wraz z ekosystemem startupowym stały się wyznacznikiem innowacyjności regionu. Artykuł ma na celu ukazanie zależności pomiędzy rozwojem krakowskiego środowiska startupowego a wzrostem konkurencyjności województwa małopolskiego. Za podstawowe czynniki oddziałujące na konkurencyjność Małopolski uznano liczbę udzielonych patentów na wynalazki krajowe przez Urząd Patentowy RP, dynamikę zatrudnienia w B+R, nakłady inwestycyjne na B+R, liczbę przedsiębiorstw z kapitałem zagranicznym oraz PKB per capita w cenach bieżących. Po przeprowadzonej analizie korelacji wykazano, że najsilniejsze zależności zachodzą pomiędzy PKB per capita w cenach bieżących a liczbą przedsiębiorstw z kapitałem zagranicznym oraz nakładami inwestycyjnymi na B+R. Główny ośrodek miejski, jakim jest w analizowanym obszarze Kraków, stał się magnesem skupiającym wokół siebie osoby zakładające startupy, budujące innowacyjną gospodarkę oraz całe zaplecze biznesowe. Krakowski ekosystem startupowy ma pozytywny wpływ na konkurencyjność regionu małopolskiego z uwagi na gromadzenie wysoko wykwalifikowanego kapitału społecznego, krajowych i zagranicznych inwestorów, fundacji i instytucji wspierających pomysłodawców w zmaterializowaniu idei, działalności instytucji i administracji publicznej w kierunku współpracy z obszarem nauki i biznesu.
Abstract	In the 21st century, a region's competitive economy is an economy based on knowledge and new technologies. Startups with the startup ecosystem have become a determinant of a region's innovation. The article aims to show the dependence between the development of the Krakow startup environment and the increase in the competitiveness of the Malopolska region. The number of patents granted for national inventions by the Patent Office of the Republic of Poland, the dynamics of employment in R&D, capital expenditures on R&D, the number of enterprises with foreign capital and GDP per capita in current prices were considered the basic factors affecting the competitiveness of Malopolska. After the analysis of the correlation, it was shown that the strongest relationships occur between GDP per capita in current prices and the number of enterprises with foreign capital and investment outlays for R&D. The main city center, which is in the analyzed area of Krakow, has become a magnet for gathering people, creating startups, building an innovative economy and all business facilities. The Krakow startup ecosystem has a positive impact on the competitiveness of the Malopolska region due to the accumulation of highly qualified social capital, domestic and foreign investors, foundations and institutions supporting originators in materializing the idea, activities of institutions and public administration towards cooperation with the science and business area.
Cytowanie	Piecuch J., Szarek J. (2018) Konkurencyjność gospodarki województwa małopolskiego a rozwój ekosystemu startupowego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 1: 183-193
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n1_s183.pdf

Autor	Agnieszka Poczta-Wajda
Tytuł	Miary i wymiary bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego
Title	Measures and Dimensions of Food Security
Słowa kluczowe	bezpieczeństwo żywnościowe, głód, niedożywienie, mierniki, FAO
Key words	food security, hunger, malnutrition, measures, FAO
Abstrakt	Konsekwencją wielowymiarowości i wielopoziomowości bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego jest duża liczba definicji i mierników tego zjawiska. Celem artykułu była próba usystematyzowania metod pomiaru bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego oraz wskazanie ich zalet i wad w oparciu o przegląd literatury krajowej i zagranicznej. Metody pomiaru bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego podzielono na pięć grup. Chociaż żadna z zaprezentowanych metod nie ujmuje tego problemu w sposób kompleksowy i wolny od wad, to z przeglądu literatury wynika, że dużą popularnością wśród badaczy problemu bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego, szczególnie na poziomie krajowym i lokalnym, cieszą się metody oparte na ocenie skali doświadczania niepewności żywnościowej i postrzegania własnej sytuacji żywnościowej przez respondentów (experience-based food insecurity scales).
Abstract	The consequence of multidimensional and multilevel idea of food security is the large number of definitions and measures. The aim of this article was an attempt to systematize food security measurement methods and to indicate their advantages and disadvantages based on the literature review. Food security measurement methods were divided into five groups. Although none of the presented methods does not address this problem in a comprehensive and error-free manner, it is clear from a review of the literature that experience-based food insecurity scales methods are very popular and appreciated among food security researchers, particularly at national and local level.
Cytowanie	Poczta-Wajda A. (2018) Miary i wymiary bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 1: 203-213
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n1_s203.pdf

Autor	Andrzej Czyżewski, Jakub Staniszewski
Tytuł	Dylematy operacjonalizacji paradygmatu zrównoważonego rozwoju rolnictwa z wykorzystaniem pojęcia ekoefektywności
Title	Dilemmas of the Operationalisation of the Sustainable Agriculture Development Paradigm with Eco-Efficiency Measures
Słowa kluczowe	rolnictwo, zrównoważona intensyfikacja, ekoefektywność, produktywność środowiskowa, DEA
Key words	agriculture, sustainable intensification, eco-efficiency, environmental productivity, DEA
Abstrakt	W artykule poruszony zostaje problem metodycznych uwarunkowań operacjonalizacji paradygmatu zrównoważonego rozwoju rolnictwa z wykorzystaniem koncepcji ekoefektywności i metody obwiedni danych, DEA. Na podstawie przeglądu literatury zidentyfikowano dylematy przed jakimi staje badacz przyjmujący te perspektywę badawczą. Choć zastosowanie omawianych metod pozwala na ograniczenie problemów związanych z doborem wag i punktu odniesienia, a także różnych jednostek, w których wyrażone są nakłady i efekty działalności rolniczej, wymaga jednocześnie, przyjęcia założenia o nieuwzględnianiu w badaniach czynnika losowego i homogeniczności badanej grupy podmiotów, a także o wymienności nakładów kapitałowych i środowiskowych oraz istnieniu instytucjonalnych ograniczeń nadmiernej eksploatacji zasobów ekologicznych.
Abstract	The article discusses the methodical problems of operationalization of the agriculture sustainable development with the use of the eco-efficiency concept and the DEA method. On the basis of the literature review, dilemmas faced by the researcher adopting this research perspective have been identified. Although the application of these methods allows to reduce the problems related to the selection of weights and reference points, as well as various units in which the inputs and effects of agricultural activity are expressed, at the same time it requires the assumption that: 1) the research will not take into account a random factor; 2) the analysed group of entities is homogenous; 3) exists interchangeability of capital and environmental inputs; 4) exist institutional limitations of over-exploitation of environmental resources.
Cytowanie	Czyżewski A., Staniszewski J. (2018) Dylematy operacjonalizacji paradygmatu zrównoważonego rozwoju rolnictwa z wykorzystaniem pojęcia ekoefektywności.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 2: 44-56
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n2_s44.pdf

Autor	Abhishek Pagare, Maria Parlińska
Tytuł	Food Losses and Food Waste Versus Circular Economy
Title	Food Losses and Food Waste Versus Circular Economy
Słowa kluczowe	food, circular economy, waste and food waste, food losses
Key words	food, circular economy, waste and food waste, food losses
Abstrakt	The article aims to introduce the issue of food waste and all attempts to prevent action. Business and politics are almost interdependent, and any discussion of an economic nature is not complete without a political contribution. The role of politics and politicians in shaping economic activities was and is widely discussed. In the article, there will be a discussion on the problems of food losses and waste in Poland as the member of EU and in India. The idea of the topic came during the tenure of collaboration between representatives of both departments. Conclusions of the study found some similarities and a lot of differences between the countries. Studies have shown that negative attitude of house-hold towards food waste is not frequently reflected in consumers’ behavior, despite their fundamental knowledge on how to reduce food waste. Properly selected and presented information will stimulate both consumer’s attitude and behavior.
Abstract	The article aims to introduce the issue of food waste and all attempts to prevent action. Business and politics are almost interdependent, and any discussion of an economic nature is not complete without a political contribution. The role of politics and politicians in shaping economic activities was and is widely discussed. In the article, there will be a discussion on the problems of food losses and waste in Poland as the member of EU and in India. The idea of the topic came during the tenure of collaboration between representatives of both departments. Conclusions of the study found some similarities and a lot of differences between the countries. Studies have shown that negative attitude of house-hold towards food waste is not frequently reflected in consumers’ behavior, despite their fundamental knowledge on how to reduce food waste. Properly selected and presented information will stimulate both consumer’s attitude and behavior.
Cytowanie	Pagare A., Parlińska M. (2018) Food Losses and Food Waste Versus Circular Economy.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 2: 228-237
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n2_s228.pdf