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Autor	Henryk Runowski
Tytuł	Tendencje zmian w organizacji i ekonomice przedsiębiorstw rolnych – aspekty teoretyczne
Title	Tendencies in changes of organization and economics of agricultural enterprises – theoretical aspects
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Abstract	The paper aims to present the theoretical background as well as directions of changes in economics and organization of agricultural enterprises that take place which are under the influence of environment. It analyzes the changes that take place in costs of main production inputs and the consequences of such changes for companies. There are also shown directions of adjusting activities in case of selection of techniques and technologies of production and organization of the company with emphasis of application of technical progress, and within it especially biological progress. The paper argues also about the costs-driving aspects of human capital and resulting from that need to systematically change employment level.
Cytowanie	Runowski H. (2009) Tendencje zmian w organizacji i ekonomice przedsiębiorstw rolnych – aspekty teoretyczne.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 75: 197-210
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n75_s197.pdf

Autor	Elżbieta Szymańska
Tytuł	Struktura kapitału w gospodarstwach trzodowych o różnej wielkości ekonomicznej
Title	The capital structure in pigs holdings of different economic size
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Abstract	The paper aims to present the capital structure in pigs holdings of different economic size. A research was made in the holdings which produced 100 and more porkers per year and accordingly participated in Farm Data Accountancy Network in years 2004–2006. Holdings were divided into the two groups in accordance to the economic size (large and very large). It results from the research that holdings of different economic size differed in their efficiency of land, labor, capital and level of net debt. In the first group share of loan capital amounted to 17.0% but in second one– to 23.0%. As for the structure of loans, the majority of them were long and medium- term ones. These loans were fully secured with fixed assets. Loan capital led to the efficiency of own capital, especially in case of larger holdings. This group was characterized with higher labor efficiency and fixed assets, and more financial means was invested
Cytowanie	Szymańska E. (2009) Struktura kapitału w gospodarstwach trzodowych o różnej wielkości ekonomicznej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 76: 41-51
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n76_s41.pdf

Autor	Mirosław Krajewski
Tytuł	System powiązania wskaźników w ocenie zarządzania kapitałami w przedsiębiorstwie
Title	The connection system of the capital management coeffi cients in enterprise assessment
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Abstract	The process of funding in enterprise joins two inseparable and mutually related problems in enterprise – the investments assets delimitation and identifying possible sources of financing, which from the managers point of view, should also includes the costs of gaining additional capital. The correct utilization of capital in enterprise requires continuous monitoring of the financial effects of its performance in aspect of possessed assets. It leads to formulating the establish definitions in relation to economic quantities which helps to identify the major efficient financing sources in company activity. The methods and analysis tools should asses the most profitable level of loan capital and assure possibility to create the early warning system before financial losses appear in enterprise.
Cytowanie	Krajewski M. (2009) System powiązania wskaźników w ocenie zarządzania kapitałami w przedsiębiorstwie.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 76: 61-71
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n76_s61.pdf

Autor	Grażyna Karmowska, Anita Małecka
Tytuł	Ocena kondycji finansowej przedsiębiorstwa PGE
Title	Evaluation of PGE company’s financial condition
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Abstract	Economical estimation rating should aid administrating, current and strategic. At present time, more and more important are methods to detect and evaluate threats for companies continue activity. For addition to traditional factor analysis there are discrimination functions to value bankruptcy threats. PGE company was used for research purposes (company activity: electric and heat energy generating, distribution and dealing). The aim was to estimate financial condition with the use of selected methods of economical analysis). Four models were selected: A. Hołda, E. Mączyńska, J. Gajdka and D. Stos, and the Poznań-based. On their basis it is possible to certify that the company did not belong to the bankruptcy endangered entities. Despite the fact that, specific factors (quick ratio, current ratio, return on equity, return on assets, return on sales, capital multiplier, total asset turnover) indicated that the company’s financial condition should be monitored due to a descending tendencies.
Cytowanie	Karmowska G., Małecka A. (2009) Ocena kondycji finansowej przedsiębiorstwa PGE.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 76: 109-120
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n76_s109.pdf

Autor	Serhiy Zabolotnyy
Tytuł	Sytuacja finansowa spółek giełdowych z wybranych branż produkcyjnych
Title	Financial situation of stock companies from selected branches of industry
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Abstract	The author analyzes financial condition of selected manufacturing branches in Poland on the example of stock companies quoted on Warsaw Stock Exchange. Among the branches under consideration are food, metal, machine-engineering and construction materials’ industries. Asset and capital-asset structure as well as liquidity and profitability ratios are analyzed. In 2003–2007 companies from all selected branches except of metal industry increased the value of fixed assets relating to current assets. The structure of current assets was gradually changed with more liquid assets such as receivables and cash in bank accounts. High ratios of liquidity together with a significant share of long-term capitals in liabilities structure indicated a more conservative approach to the liquidity risk. The highest and most variable rates of return were noticed in metal industry, food and machine-engineering branches were characterized by lower but constant profitability ratios in the whole period
Cytowanie	Zabolotnyy S. (2009) Sytuacja finansowa spółek giełdowych z wybranych branż produkcyjnych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 76: 121-133
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n76_s121.pdf

Autor	Sławomir Kowalski
Tytuł	Źródła finansowania sektora małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w Polscez uwzględnieniem funduszy strukturalnych UE
Title	The sources of financing of small and mediu enterprises in Poland in relation to EU Structural Funds
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Abstract	In Poland, in the sequence of recent years, changes in financing SME activity took place. Entrepreneurs are diverging from internal source of finances more and more by devoting to others forms of raising possessed capital. It is caused by increasing competition which is forcing companies to taking higher risk. A competent choice of the financing source is a substantial problem. It should have a beneficial influence on the profitability in the enterprise, as well as keeping the financial risk at reasonable level. The main direct benefit was a possibility of using structural funds after the accession of Poland into the EU, especially for the SME business sector. The implementation of programs which are co-financed by the EU funds is bringing visible effects more and more.
Cytowanie	Kowalski S. (2009) Źródła finansowania sektora małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w Polscez uwzględnieniem funduszy strukturalnych UE.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 76: 157-164
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n76_s157.pdf

Autor	Aleksandra Pisarska, Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Płynność finansowa w małych i średnich przedsiębiorstwach
Title	The financial liquidity in small and medium enterprises
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Abstract	The highest financial liquidity described enterprises with the highest value of possessed capital. In general companies from the group of average value of capital had noticed the financial liquidity on lower level than the enterprises with the lowest and the highest value of capital. The financial liquidity ratio had amounted to quite low level in group of companies with the highest value of fixed assets. In the enterprises with the average level of these assets had appeared the risk of the financial liquidity lack. In group of micro enterprises had recorded difficulties with marinating the financial liquidity, especially the treasury ratio. In researched period had ascertained slight improvement in this aspect. Whereas the financial liquidity level in small and medium enterprises had formed almost on similar level, particularly in quick and treasury ratio. This group of enterprises had recorded lower level of financial liquidity, which in case of smaller scale of production was substantiated, because of decreasing risk of bankruptcy.
Cytowanie	Pisarska A., Wasilewski M. (2009) Płynność finansowa w małych i średnich przedsiębiorstwach.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 76: 187-200
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n76_s187.pdf

Autor	Katarzyna Kochaniak
Tytuł	Analiza kosztu funduszy własnych grupy banków giełdowych w Polsce
Title	The cost analysis of equity in group of commercial banks quoted on Warsaw Stock Exchange
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Abstract	This paper presents the estimation of cost of equity in group of commercial banks in Poland in 1998–2006. It discusses different aspects of cost of equity in group of banks quoted on Warsaw Stock Exchange. Presented are: the definition of bank’s cost of equity problems with implementation of Capital Asset Pricing Model in Polish, companies, the changes in costs of equity in Polish banking sector. Financial data used in this analysis are published by Warsaw Stock Exchange and Ministry of Finance.
Cytowanie	Kochaniak K. (2009) Analiza kosztu funduszy własnych grupy banków giełdowych w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 77: 69-76
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n77_s69.pdf

Autor	Jarosław Poteraj
Tytuł	Analiza porównawcza efektywności powszechnych towarzystw emerytalnych na przykładach firm z grup kapitałowych Poczty Polskiej i Allianz
Title	Comparative analysis of the public pension societies on examples of companies from Poczta Polska and Allianz groups
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Abstract	On the base of the public pension societies from Poczta Polska and Allianz capital groups the author makes the efficiency analysis in two scientific perspectives– of the company and the owners of capital. Research methods used by the author were ROE indicator method and NPV method, enriched by IRR method. In the summary the author concludes that analysed companies reveal the high efficiency – in the case of ROE indicator for Poczta Polska project on the level of over 46%, and for Allianz project on the level of over 11%, and in the long-term owners perspective, measured by IRR, the level of 4.74% and 10.22% respectively. Simultaneously the Poczta Polska project received better mark in present perspective and Allianz project in the long-term owners perspective.
Cytowanie	Poteraj J. (2009) Analiza porównawcza efektywności powszechnych towarzystw emerytalnych na przykładach firm z grup kapitałowych Poczty Polskiej i Allianz.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 77: 77-88
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n77_s77.pdf

Autor	Grażyna Ancyparowicz
Tytuł	Bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne w Polsce po akcesji do Unii Europejskiej
Title	The direct foreign investment in Poland after accession into EU
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Abstract	The accession of Poland to EU coincided with the growth phase of Polish economic cycle. However economies of western European countries had come into the phase of economic slowdown and western investors had been looking for the new areas of economic expansion, also among the new EU member countries. But the inflow of money into Poland in the form of Greenfi eld investments was lower than the amount of reinvesting profits and credits of companies, which gained foreign strategic investor before the accession. There have been used new efficient technologies – imported from Western Countries, which improved the competitiveness and modernity of goods produced in Poland. This process has been continued after the accession. The function of foreign capital in stimulation of Polish economy should not be assessed unambiguously, because the correlation ratio between the PKB growth and the inflow of Foreign Direct Investments is low. After accession the growth ratio was high as a result of activity of investors tightly connected with Polish market, which reinvested their profits for modernisation and extension of production. Synthetic indicator of the growth of wealth of Polish society was the increase of nominal GDP per capita – two and a half times – between 2000 and 2007. Although according to the purchasing power parity the GDP per capita has grown this time only about 50% (from 10,6 thou USD to 15,9 thou USD).
Cytowanie	Ancyparowicz G. (2009) Bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne w Polsce po akcesji do Unii Europejskiej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 77: 89-103
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Autor	Krystyna Brzozowska
Tytuł	Współpraca aniołów biznesu z funduszami venture capital w Polsce
Title	The cooperation of business angels with venture capital funds in Poland
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Abstract	A level of innovations in economy has determined a growth of venture capital market. In well developed countries venture capital market plays a significant role in funding innovative projects, but in Poland, so far, a share of venture capital investors is still rather slight. After access of Poland to European Union, directed into increase of innovations in economy of member states, venture capital market has been accelerated, both in informal (business angels) and formal (venture capital funds) markets. There are some interactions between these groups of venture capital investors, like as cooperation, co-financing, and mainly keeping certain turn of funding – in early stages of project development– business angels, and further – venture capital funds. It should be underlined, that in Poland venture capital market has been developing in quite different way, not very similar to scheme worked out in other countries. It can be a result of relatively low level of venture capital market development and structural changes of overall environment
Cytowanie	Brzozowska K. (2009) Współpraca aniołów biznesu z funduszami venture capital w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 77: 105-114
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n77_s105.pdf

Autor	Adam Samborski
Tytuł	Finansowanie inwestycji rzeczowych w warunkach destabilizacji sektora finansowego: doświadczenia japońskich przedsiębiorstw
Title	The real investments fund in unsure conditions of finance sector: based on Japanese companies experience
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Abstract	The article analyses Japanese economic conditions and their consequences for financing real investment in the sector of non-financial corporations in the nineties of the 20th century. In order to identify sources of financing real investment, national accounts was used. Data to be taken into consideration while assessing real investment made by Japanese companies was obtained from two accounts: a capital and financial accounts. It is found out that the nineties witnessed considerable changes in financing real investment in the sector of Japanese nonfinancial corporations, which stems from two overlapping mechanisms: companies’ preference to finance real investment by means of internal funds and lower willingness of financial institutions to lend money.
Cytowanie	Samborski A. (2009) Finansowanie inwestycji rzeczowych w warunkach destabilizacji sektora finansowego: doświadczenia japońskich przedsiębiorstw.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 77: 115-126
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n77_s115.pdf

Autor	Magdalena Mądra
Tytuł	Kształtowanie poziomu zadłużenia w zależności od powierzchni użytków rolniczych gospodarstw rolnych
Title	The relation between the debt level and cropland area in agriculture farms
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Abstract	The elaboration presents the debt level in relation to possessed cropland area used in agriculture farms. The article deals also with statistical regression model in which as a dependent variable chose the level of liabilities calculated per one hectare of cropland area. The presented research was surveyed in years 2004–2007, in Mazowsze and Podlasie region. Farms have been characterized by criterion of cropland area and were divided into six groups according to classification of PL-FADN. The regression models, estimated in elaborations showed that a variable of debt calculated per hectare of cropland area influenced on the degree of financial leverage and supply turnover in each year. It presented specific factors which had an impact on farmers investments decisions. The highest number of agriculture farms, which recorded foreign capital usage in financing structure, noticed in group of farms which noticed over 40 hectares of cropland area.
Cytowanie	Mądra M. (2009) Kształtowanie poziomu zadłużenia w zależności od powierzchni użytków rolniczych gospodarstw rolnych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 77: 199-216
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n77_s199.pdf

Autor	Aleksandra Pisarska, Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Źródła finansowania działalności małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw
Title	The small and medium enterprises business activity financial resources
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Abstract	The paper analyses the financial resources of business activity in SME sector in Świętokrzyskie region. In all groups of enterprises noticed increased value of liabilities, equity and debt capital calculated per employee. I was stated that together with growing number of employees (size of enterprise) recorded significant enhance of capital value per employee. The equity capital was the financial resource which dominance in small and medium enterprises activity, while in micro enterprises – debt capital, especially short-term. In all groups of companies the participation of long term debt capital noticed quite low level. In case of micro enterprises recorded decreasing share of short term loan capital, in relation to long term financing, which value increased in researched period. It confirmed that this source of capital was used in implementations of companies undertakes. To summaries, the micro enterprises require financial support, since their previous capital position was unfavorable in relation to small companies.
Cytowanie	Pisarska A., Wasilewski M. (2009) Źródła finansowania działalności małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 77: 217-227
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n77_s217.pdf

Autor	Mirosław Wasilewski, Serhiy Zabolotnyy
Tytuł	Sytuacja finansowa przedsiębiorstw o odmiennych strategiach zarządzania kapitałem obrotowym
Title	Financial situation of the enterprises of different working capital strategies
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Abstract	In the article the relations between opposite approaches to working capital management and chosen financial ratios are defined on the example of stock companies from food processing industry. In the enterprise Kofola S.A. using an aggressive working capital strategy a low level of liquidity, short cycles of current assets’ conversion and negative cycles of cash conversion appeared. Profitability of business and the value of EVA were low in this company. In the enterprise Wilbo S.A. using conservative strategies, high level of liquidity ratios, longer cycles of current assets’ conversion and cash conversion. Conservative strategy of Wilbo S.A. was characterized by negative rates of profitability and negative rate of return for owners built on EVA. Opposite approaches to working capital management do not ensure required rates of return from invested capital for shareholders. That is why the synchronization of partial strategies of the enterprise is very important.
Cytowanie	Wasilewski M., Zabolotnyy S. (2009) Sytuacja finansowa przedsiębiorstw o odmiennych strategiach zarządzania kapitałem obrotowym.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 78: 5-20
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n78_s5.pdf

Autor	Jan Dworniak
Tytuł	Fundusze własne a sytuacja finansowa spółdzielni mleczarskich
Title	Financial situation of dairy cooperatives in relation to equity funds
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Abstract	The elaboration presents chosen results of conducted research in cooperative dairy in the 2000–2005 in aspect of possessed equity and shareholders funds on financial results ground. It could be ascertained that together with increasing value of equity and shareholders fund noticed higher level of average price of milk, being paid to farmers. It evidenced the increased progression of improvements in cooperatives profitability. The strongest influence of these ratios was noticed in dairies which had had the highest equity and shareholders funds. Furthermore in these group noted also weaker relation between these funds and financial liquidity, whereas this financial indicator recorded stability and favourable level comparing to remain groups. The cooperative dairies which noticed higher profits and equity capital, decided to enlarge shareholders funds. It had resulted in secure of further development conducted activity. The applications of net profit in cooperatives was useful in effectiveness’ of financial situation assessment
Cytowanie	Dworniak J. (2009) Fundusze własne a sytuacja finansowa spółdzielni mleczarskich.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 78: 21-32
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n78_s21.pdf

Autor	Artur Kowalczyk
Tytuł	Banki spółdzielcze w czasach kryzysu
Title	The cooperatives bank in times of financial crisis
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Abstract	The paper deals with the analysis of the cooperatives bank sector performance in Poland and was surveyed in 30.06.2008–30.06.2009. The research sample covered 60% participation of this sector in Poland and was based on Cooperative Bank Association data. During the research period recorded growing tendency of dynamic development of cooperative banks activity, measured by the level of the balance sum. The profitable relation between deposit and credit value allow to continue financial services, mainly for the credit activity development. The application of conservatism activity in cooperatives bank and strategy of avoiding involvement in risky instruments on capital market, assured high level of security performance
Cytowanie	Kowalczyk A. (2009) Banki spółdzielcze w czasach kryzysu.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 78: 33-45
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n78_s33.pdf

Autor	Sławomir Juszczyk, Artur Nagórka
Tytuł	Finansowanie typu mezzanine jako rozwiązanie pośrednie między emisją akcji a kredytem bankowym
Title	Mezzanine fi nance as the type of fi nancing placed between the shares issue and the bank credit
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Abstract	Company in order to grow needs financing. The classic way is to acquire a credit from the bank. This is directly linked with the question of collateral what in case of the company is not the obvious choice. Another classic way of fi nuancing the company is the share issue. This solution is however linked with the question of ownership that is unavoidably diluted with every issue. Sometimes the company is on a excellent path of growth, does not want to disperse ownership, has already used all available asset for a collateral and still needs some capital because of the scale of the project. In this case the solution might be any of private capital sources. The possibility known since the 80’s is “mezzanine finance”. This is financing that combines some features of credit with some features of share issue and comes from the private investors. Because of its collateral, investment time range and the ways of running the company it is perceived to be appropriate for several years large projects generating sizeable and stable cash flows. This is as well a good path of development for the family run businesses where there is no evident heir and the management wishes to take over the company but lacks sufficient capital. Particularly in the times of crisis when the banks impose tight rules on credit policy and the stock exchange investors are reluctant to take any risks the mezzanine finance may be an answer for companies capital needs.
Cytowanie	Juszczyk S., Nagórka A. (2009) Finansowanie typu mezzanine jako rozwiązanie pośrednie między emisją akcji a kredytem bankowym.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 78: 47-58
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n78_s47.pdf

Autor	Aleksandra Wójcicka, Tomasz Wójtowicz
Tytuł	Wykorzystanie analizy wskaźnikowej w ocenie zdolności kredytowej przedsiębiorstwa – szanse i zagrożenia
Title	The ratio analysis in borrowing power of enterprises assessment – opportunities and menaces
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Abstract	Facing a global financial crisis the traditional financial analysis encounters entirely new challenges. Credit risk models used by banks require a dynamic analysis supplement. A cash fl ow is the base for such analysis which is performed more often than once a year, preferably quarterly. It will allow monitoring the financial standing of a company better not only before but also after giving a credit. In turn, the implementation of a working capital integrated management system in a company applying for a credit will limit its credit needs and improve the index analysis results both in static and dynamic approach
Cytowanie	Wójcicka A., Wójtowicz T. (2009) Wykorzystanie analizy wskaźnikowej w ocenie zdolności kredytowej przedsiębiorstwa – szanse i zagrożenia.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 78: 69-80
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n78_s69.pdf

Autor	Joanna Paliszkiewicz
Tytuł	Próby wyceny kapitału intelektualnego – identyfikacja podstawowych problemów
Title	Attempts of the evaluation of the intellectual capital– identifi cation of essential problems
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Abstract	Contemporary enterprises increasingly appreciate the role of intangible assets in achieving competitive advantage. More and more enterprises are basing activity on intangible assets and especially on the knowledge and the information. The importance of these assets finding expression in the market valuation of enterprises, which frequently – on world stock exchanges – exceeds book value. In the article the methods of intellectual capital estimation were described, and the problems connected with it were identified.
Cytowanie	Paliszkiewicz J. (2009) Próby wyceny kapitału intelektualnego – identyfikacja podstawowych problemów.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 78: 117-125
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n78_s117.pdf