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Autor	Ewa Kołoszycz
Tytuł	Dochodowość produkcji mleka w polskich gospodarstwach w 2004 r. należących do Europejskiego Stowarzyszenia Producentów Mleka
Title	THE PROFITABILITY OF THE MILK PRODUCTION IN POLISH DAIRY FARMS IN 2004 . MEMBERS OF THE EUROPEAN DAIRY FARMERS
Słowa kluczowe	produkcja mleka, koszty bezpośrednie i całkowite, czynniki produkcji, przychody, dochód
Key words	milk production, direct costs, total costs of production, return, family income
Abstrakt	Praca dotyczy zagadnień ekonomiki produkcji mleka w wybranych gospodarstwach polskich w 2004 r. Zastosowana metodologia pozwoliła na jednoczesne porównanie uzyskanych wyników z rezultatami gospodarstw z pozostałych krajów Europy będących czołowymi producentami mleka. W pracy porównano produkcyjne i ekonomiczne wyniki gospodarstw oraz wyniki przeciętne w grupach gospodarstw z wybranych krajów należących do EDF.
Abstract	The article consists of two parts. In the first part comparison of the results of 29 Polish dairy farms were shown, in addition whole population for three group were divided, in condition of the size dairy herd. In the second part average results of chosen country (belonging to European Dairy Farmers) are presented. Analysis of the cost of production indicates the increasing trend together with the grow of dairy herd. In comparison with other country, polish farmers had the lowest costs of milk production and reached positive entreprenour’s profit.
Cytowanie	Kołoszycz E. (2006) Dochodowość produkcji mleka w polskich gospodarstwach w 2004 r. należących do Europejskiego Stowarzyszenia Producentów Mleka .Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria G, t. 93, z. 1: 44-56
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2006_n1_s44.pdf

Autor	Agata Malak-Rawlikowska
Tytuł	Kwotowanie produkcji mleka i jego skutki na przykładzie wybranych krajów Unii Europejskiej
Title	THE MILK QUOTA SYSTEM AND ITS EFFECTS ON EXAMPLE OF THE CHOSEN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES
Słowa kluczowe	kwoty mleczne, skutki kwotowania produkcji mleka, wpływ kwotowania na zmiany strukturalne, ceny skupu mleka
Key words	milk quotas, effects of milk supply limits, dairy quota impact on structural change, milk purchase prices
Abstrakt	W opracowaniu przedstawiono problem oddziaływania systemu kwot mlecznych na zmiany w strukturze produkcji mleka, proces koncentracji, a także na poziom cen skupu w Unii Europejskiej. Stwierdzono, że wprowadzenie systemu kwot mlecznych istotnie spowolniło zmiany w strukturze gospodarstw oraz tempo koncentrowania się produkcji mleka. Siła oddziaływania limitów sprzedaży mleka zależy m in. od zasad zarządzania systemem kwot w poszczególnych krajach członkowskich oraz szczególnie w pierwszych latach kwotowania, od wielkości ograniczenia produkcji mleka przez kwoty. Ponadto stwierdzono, że administracyjne ograniczenie podaży mleka na rynku spowodowało wzrost cen skupu mleka oraz zerwanie zależności ich wzrostu od poziomu ceny kierunkowej oraz kosztów produkcji, co charakterystyczne było w okresie poprzedzającym wprowadzenie systemu kwot w UE.
Abstract	The problem of the milk quota system influencing on the EU dairy market has been analysed in that article. Especially changes in the milk production structure, rate of the concentration process and a level of the milk prices has been taken into account. As it was concluded, milk quotas, limiting the market milk deliveries and creating barriers for the farm development, significantly affected farm structural changes and slowed down foregoing rate of the concentration process in the researched countries. The effects caused by the milk quotas depend strongly on the particular rules of the system management, especially in the beginning years, on the milk production cut caused by the introduced limits. It was concluded also that milk quota system implemented in 1984 was one of the most important factors supporting growth of the milk prices until 1989 and sustaining them on the rather stable level after intervention reforms in 1988/89 and Mac Sharry Reforms in 1992. Milk quotas had broken down very significantly and there was a strong positive correlation (until 1984) between an increase of the target price of milk and the milk purchase price but also between milk price and dairy production costs.
Cytowanie	Malak-Rawlikowska A. (2006) Kwotowanie produkcji mleka i jego skutki na przykładzie wybranych krajów Unii Europejskiej .Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria G, t. 93, z. 1: 25-36
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2006_n1_s25.pdf

Autor	Bolesław Borkowski, Wiesław Szczesny
Tytuł	Zmiany w zasobach i rozmiarach produkcji gospodarstw rolniczych w latach 1993 - 2003
Title	The changes in Farm’s production structure during 1993 – 2003 period
Słowa kluczowe	krzywa Lorenza, wskaźnik Giniego, funkcję produkcji Cobba – Douglasa
Key words	Gini index
Abstrakt	W pracy dokonano dynamicznej analizy zróżnicowania obszaru, wyposażenia w środki trwałe oraz nakładów materialnych i nakładów pracy w gospodarstwach rolniczych. Badaniem objęto blisko 9000 gospodarstw ankietowanych przez IERiGŻ w okresie 1993 – 2003. Do analizy wykorzystano krzywe Lorenza, wskaźnik Giniego oraz dynamiczną funkcję produkcji Cobba – Douglasa
Abstract	Within the analysed homesteads, a rationalization of employment and equipment in assets members and a concentration of arable lands area have taken place. Price range indexes, which are disadvantageous for agriculture, have resulted in a drop of actual final output value and material asset members costs. Analysis has shown an increase in arable lands concentration within the examined homesteads, especially until year 1998 (the Gini index amounted to 0,544). An increase in productivity of asset members and effectiveness of invested work are the positive aspects of changes that took place within the homesteads. Effectiveness of productive factors and production flexibility, which were calculated based on a dynamic exponential function, differed within two separate groups of homesteads of dissimilar arable lands area
Cytowanie	Borkowski B., Szczesny W. (2006) Zmiany w zasobach i rozmiarach produkcji gospodarstw rolniczych w latach 1993 - 2003.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 60: 57-67
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2006_n60_s57.pdf

Autor	Dominik Gajowiak
Tytuł	Skala zewnętrznych ograniczeń w kredytowaniu agrobiznesu (na przykładzie województwa mazowieckiego)
Title	The Scope of External Limitations in Crediting of Agrobusiness (Based on the Masovia Province)
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Abstract	The study presents external limitations in crediting of agribusiness in Masovia Province. The scope of them was presented on the example of the most popular four preferential credit lines in the years from 2000 to 2002. In this period the credits for young farmers and for purchases of lands had the lowest scope of external limitations, but the rest of credit lines was characterized by the highest scope of limitations. Main reasons for external limitations of crediting agribusiness are transaction costs and volume of deposits in banks. External limitations depend on other barriers which are less or more consciously created by formal financial institutions.
Cytowanie	Gajowiak D. (2005) Skala zewnętrznych ograniczeń w kredytowaniu agrobiznesu (na przykładzie województwa mazowieckiego).Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 55: 57-65
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2005_n55_s57.pdf

Autor	Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Problematyka zapasów według prawa bilansowego i międzynarodowych standardów rachunkowości
Title	The issue of reserves according to the balance law and International Accounting Standard
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Abstract	The paper presents accountant solutions concerning reserves according to the accountancy law and IAS-2 "Reserves" and IAS-41 "Agriculture". In accordance with the accountancy law accountants have to identify borne cost connected with run activity according to its usefulness, profitability and presenting information in the financial account. Solutions concerning recording and reserves valuation are strictly defined in the accountancy law, what is to a large extent coherent with solutions in IAS-2 "Reserves". Introducing IAS-41 "Agriculture" enabled to specify better solutions concerning reserves in agricultural farms. In that scope in agricultural enterprises far-reaching simplifications are applied. Reserves influence the assessment of the structure of firm's property, as well as the financial liquidity. The scope of recording of economic events connected with reserves could be limited and simplified by introducing reserves managing according to the conception "just in time".
Cytowanie	Wasilewski M. (2005) Problematyka zapasów według prawa bilansowego i międzynarodowych standardów rachunkowości.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 55: 79-93
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2005_n55_s79.pdf

Autor	Artur Kowalczyk, Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Ocena konkurencyjności spółdzielni mleczarskich
Title	The evaluation of Dairy Cooperatives' Competitiveness
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Abstract	The study presents the comparative analysis of competitiveness' level of dairy cooperatives, which exports their products to the UE market and cooperatives from Świętokrzyskie province, which are not entitled to the export to the UE market. Cooperatives exporting their products to the UE market (group A) in the years 1998-2001 showed the increase of milk processing while in cooperatives from Świętokrzyskie province the decrease ensued. The cooperatives from group A were also characterized by three times higher level of average delivery of milk as well as the share in the purchase of extra class milk. In 2001 cooperatives Świętokrzyskie province incurred loss while group A cooperatives achieved increasing significant profit. The competitive strength of milk · deliverers is larger in a group of cooperatives in Świętokrzyskie province because those cooperatives do not achieve the cost advantage for the sake of the low concentration of the production. The biggest threat to dairy cooperatives is in the buyers' strong influence on the volume of sale and in buyers' possibility to change a cooperative delivering them dairy products. The level of competition's intensity in the scope of products offered by cooperatives was similar, highest in the case of milk, cheese, sour and sour cream and lowest in case of powder milk and butter. The necessity of covering large capital needs as well as difficulties in access to distribution channels were described as largest barriers to entry and considerable small barrier is the competitive activity of already existing enterprises. In the opinion of cooperatives' managers the possibility of appearing new substitutes of dairy products, except for butter, is low.
Cytowanie	Kowalczyk A., Wasilewski M. (2004) Ocena konkurencyjności spółdzielni mleczarskich.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 52: 47-62
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2004_n52_s47.pdf

Autor	Sławomir Juszczyk
Tytuł	Skala produkcji gospodarstw mlecznych a jej opłacalność
Title	The Scale and the Profitability of Milk Production
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Abstract	In years 1997-2001 in the typical family farms of the Central Macro region with the growth of production scale measured by: numbers of milk cows, milk production per year and commodity value of milk production with coupled production - the profitability of milk production and direct surplus from milk production grew. It is useful to intensify the milk production in those farms. State owned farms had from 42 to 173 milk cows. They achieved the highest direct surplus among the researched farms but average direct profitability fell to 2,41. In spite of taking into consideration the real indirect costs and the depreciation of farms' costs, the achieved profitability still gave the possibility of the growth of direct surplus. It means that a margin cost was higher than an average cost and simultaneously was smaller than purchase price, and that a margin surplus was higher than zero. The increasing of the direct surplus in these farms was possible but connected with a further decreasing of average profitability of milk production. Taking into the consideration the individual measure of the production scale and results received the direct profitability was the most negative correlated with the number of cows in the farm between 1997 and 1999: the index of determination was: 7,19%, 11,04% and 15,05%. Between 2000 and 2001 the direct profitability was the most negative correlated with amount of produced milk, which explained 13,47% and 11,36% changeability of the profitability of the production. The direct surplus in the analysed period was the most correlated with the value of commodity milk production and coupled production. Therefore when one wants to achieve high direct surplus from researched farms one should produce milk of the highest quality and also produce and sell with profit not only calves and defective cows but also farm heifers. In the analysed period the value of milk production and coupled production explained: 62, 30%; 66, 72%; 61, 97%; 90, 21 % and 86, 86% of direct surplus changeability.
Cytowanie	Juszczyk S. (2004) Skala produkcji gospodarstw mlecznych a jej opłacalność.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 53: 143-157
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2004_n53_s143.pdf