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Autor	Bernadetta Dziura, Bogusław Ślusarczyk
Tytuł	SOCIAL CAPITAL AS A STIMULANT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTERPRISES IN THE PODKARPACKIE PROVINCE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	social capital, intellectual capital, enterprise, development
Key words
Abstrakt	Social capital is one of the essential elements of an enterprise’s development. Enterprises with a high level of social capital, due to the smooth flow of information, are predisposed to achieve higher innovation, gaining an advantage over competitors (Przybysz, 2011). The social capital affects the creation of the unique value of an enterprise, mainly through the structures of the connections network, social and cultural norms as well as trust (Dziura, 2016). Nowadays, it is analysed at various levels and in varying degrees, also in relation to territorial systems, including the provincial level. The present paper is an attempt to analyse and describe the impact of social capital on development of selected enterprises in the Podkarpackie province. Authors of the article, due to the conducted surveys, application of statistical methods and analysis of financial reports, aim at presenting the effects of investing in social capital.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Dziura B., Ślusarczyk B.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s326.pdf

Autor	Tomasz Rokicki
Tytuł	THE ORGANISATION OF TRANSPORT IN THE AGRIBUSINESS SECTOR IN THE RESEARCH OF THE FACULTY OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES OF WULS-SGGW IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Title
Słowa kluczowe	transport cost, agribusiness, food processing, own and external transport
Key words
Abstrakt	Transport is a very important branch of the economy. It was quite well recognized in the case of industry services, however, there have been few studies on transport services provided in the agribusiness sector. This gap was filled by employees of the Faculty of Economic Sciences at WULS-SGGW. The subjects of interest were entities dealing in food processing. The study reviewed research and publications of the Faculty’s employees that were created in the 21st century. The majority of enterprises did not have a separate department dealing with transport. Apart from own transportation, small and micro enterprises also combined their own and external transport means. Forwarding services were used to a small extent in the shipping process organisation. The results of the research at WULS-SGGW and other studies were quite similar.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Rokicki T.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s347.pdf

Autor	Bogdan Klepacki
Tytuł	THE ROLE OF LOGISTIC FOR POLISH ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT
Title
Słowa kluczowe	logistics, transport infrastructure, storage, Logistic Performance Index (LPI)
Key words
Abstrakt	One of the most important sectors currently determining the economic situation of countries, regions, including rural areas and enterprises is logistics. The study presents the directions of the impact of logistics on the economy and changes in equipping Poland with more important elements of the logistics infrastructure, namely transport and storage infrastructure. The place of the logistics sector in the national economy was presented, measured by the share of transport, storage, information and communication, against the background of industry, trade and construction, in the creation of the Net Domestic Product. The logistic competitive position of Poland against the background of neighbouring countries was also determined. It was found that it is high, and logistics can be an important factor in the development of the country. The development of logistics at the Faculty of Economic Sciences at SGGW was also presented.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Klepacki B.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s353.pdf

Autor	Anetta Zielińska
Tytuł	Finansowe skutki wypadków przy pracy
Title	FINANCIAL EFFECTS OF ACCIDENTS AT WORKS
Słowa kluczowe	sektor, przemysł spożywczy, wydatki, uwarunkowania ekonomiczne, wypadki przy pracy, prewencja
Key words	sector, food industry, expenses, economic conditioning, work accidents, prevention
Abstrakt	Artykuł opisuje ekonomiczne uwarunkowania prewencji i wypadków przy pracy. Badaniem zostały objęte duże przedsiębiorstwa przemysłu spożywczego na terenie województwa łódzkiego. W pracy ustalono model regresji prostoliniowej między rozpatrywanymi zmiennymi i dokonano oceny statystycznej skonstruowanego modelu. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że koszty BHP ponoszone przez przedsiębiorstwa sektora spożywczego, mimo że wzrastały, były ogólnie niewystarczające i ponoszone zbyt późno.
Abstract	The paper describes the economic conditions of prevention and occupational accidents. The study covers large enterprises of the food industry in the Lodz region. The straight line regression model between the considered variables was developed and statistically evaluated.. It can be concluded that the health and safety costs incurred by enterprises in the food sector, although they grow, are generally insufficient and incurred too late.
Cytowanie	Zielińska A. (2018) Finansowe skutki wypadków przy pracy .Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 105, z. 1: 101-110
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2018_n1_s101.pdf

Autor	Małgorzata Adamska
Tytuł	Czynniki motywacji personelu sprzedażowego w małych i średnich przedsiębiorstwach
Title	MOTIVATION FACTORS FOR SALES PERSONEL IN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES
Słowa kluczowe	kapitał kliencki, personel sprzedażowy, motywacja, system motywacji
Key words	client capital, sales staff, motivation, motivation system
Abstrakt	W artykule zaprezentowane i omówione zostały czynniki motywacji personelu sprzedażowego. Podstawowa teza artykułu skoncentrowana została na omówieniu instrumentów wykorzystanych przez kadrę menadżerską do konstruowania systemu motywacji. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja instrumentów motywacji stosowanych w przedsiębiorstwach z uwzględnieniem kryterium wielkości oraz segmentu rynku i rodzaju klientów. Zidentyfikowane zależności mogą mieć istotny wpływ na przyszły kształt i charakter tworzonych systemów motywacyjnych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem roli personelu sprzedażowego, działającego w bezpośrednim kontakcie z klientami.W autorskich badaniach, dotyczących zarządzania relacjami z klientem, przeprowadzonych metodą CATI wśród małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w województwie opolskim, podjęte zostały m.in. zagadnienia związane z funkcjonowaniem personelu sprzedażowego odpowiedzialnego za współpracę z kapitałem klientów w tych przedsiębiorstwach.Na podstawie wyników przeprowadzonej kwerendy literaturowej, doświadczeń płynących ze współpracy z przedsiębiorstwami regionu oraz autorskich badań dot. zarządzania relacjami z kapitałem klienckim w sektorze MŚP, opracowane zostały rekomendacje dotyczące działań mających na celu kreowanie zaangażowania personelu sprzedażowego.
Abstract	The article presents and discusses the motivations of sales staff. The basic thesis of the article was focused on discussing the instruments used by the managerial staff to construct the motivation system.The purpose of the article is to identify motivation instruments used in enterprises, taking into account the size criterion as well as market segments and the type of clients. Identified dependencies may have a significant impact on the future shape and nature of the motivation systems, developed with particular emphasis on the role of sales staff operating in direct contact with customers.In the author's research on customer relationship management carried out among small and medium-sized enterprises in the Opolskie voivodship, issues related to the operation of sales staff responsible for cooperation with clients' capital in these enterprises were also undertaken.Based on the results of a literature query, experience from cooperation with regional enterprises and original research on managing customer-relationship relations in the SME sector, recommendations have been developed regarding activities aimed at creating involvement of sales staff.
Cytowanie	Adamska M. (2018) Czynniki motywacji personelu sprzedażowego w małych i średnich przedsiębiorstwach.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 20(69): 7-19
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2018_n69_s7.pdf

Autor	Kinga Gruziel, Małgorzata Raczkowska
Tytuł	The Taxation of Agriculture in the European Union Countries
Title	The Taxation of Agriculture in the European Union Countries
Słowa kluczowe	tax, taxation of agriculture, agricultural tax
Key words	tax, taxation of agriculture, agricultural tax
Abstrakt	The paper sets out the key principles for taxation of agriculture in selected European Union countries. The theoretical foundations of tax systems in the context of their functions and features specified as desirable in the literature are discussed. EU agricultural taxation systems are presented in reference to optimisation and tax competitiveness. Some shared features of these agricultural taxation systems were pointed out and their division in two basic models (the British model and the continental model), which was presented taking as example the countries in which these models operate. Taxation of income derived from agricultural business activity is a natural direction of changes in tax systems. The tax policy implemented in the European Union countries in relation to agriculture make use of the principle of tax justice to the highest possible extent. The diversity of the tax rules and structures applied in the EU makes it possible to tax agricultural income without limiting the development potential of agricultural enterprises (farms), and often stimulates them. The form of individual tax systems results from numerous economic, social and political circumstances. Special tax treatment of agriculture is expressed through tax construction elements, e.g. right to deduct the value of generated loss or investment expenditure from taxable income.
Abstract	The paper sets out the key principles for taxation of agriculture in selected European Union countries. The theoretical foundations of tax systems in the context of their functions and features specified as desirable in the literature are discussed. EU agricultural taxation systems are presented in reference to optimisation and tax competitiveness. Some shared features of these agricultural taxation systems were pointed out and their division in two basic models (the British model and the continental model), which was presented taking as example the countries in which these models operate. Taxation of income derived from agricultural business activity is a natural direction of changes in tax systems. The tax policy implemented in the European Union countries in relation to agriculture make use of the principle of tax justice to the highest possible extent. The diversity of the tax rules and structures applied in the EU makes it possible to tax agricultural income without limiting the development potential of agricultural enterprises (farms), and often stimulates them. The form of individual tax systems results from numerous economic, social and political circumstances. Special tax treatment of agriculture is expressed through tax construction elements, e.g. right to deduct the value of generated loss or investment expenditure from taxable income.
Cytowanie	Gruziel K., Raczkowska M. (2018) The Taxation of Agriculture in the European Union Countries.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 4: 162-174
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n4_s162.pdf

Autor	Natalia Bezat, Sebastian Jarzębowski
Tytuł	Innovative Tools and Techniques as a Factor Supporting Small and Medium Enterprises in the Agri-Food Sector
Title	Innovative Tools and Techniques as a Factor Supporting Small and Medium Enterprises in the Agri-Food Sector
Słowa kluczowe	agri-food sector, innovations, quality management, mechatronics, packaging design
Key words	agri-food sector, innovations, quality management, mechatronics, packaging design
Abstrakt	The goal of the paper was to focus on the agri-food sector from a perspective of innovation. In the article, the current situation related to innovative tools and techniques identified in the agri-food sector was presented. The attention was focused on the benefits resulting from the application of innovative solutions in three areas: food safety, mechatronics, and packaging design. The empirical part of the paper includes a description and a summary of case studies on innovations implementations conducted within the framework of the Interreg I-CON project.
Abstract	The goal of the paper was to focus on the agri-food sector from a perspective of innovation. In the article, the current situation related to innovative tools and techniques identified in the agri-food sector was presented. The attention was focused on the benefits resulting from the application of innovative solutions in three areas: food safety, mechatronics, and packaging design. The empirical part of the paper includes a description and a summary of case studies on innovations implementations conducted within the framework of the Interreg I-CON project.
Cytowanie	Bezat N., Jarzębowski S. (2018) Innovative Tools and Techniques as a Factor Supporting Small and Medium Enterprises in the Agri-Food Sector.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 4: 192-198
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n4_s192.pdf

Autor	Marzena Kacprzak, Agnieszka Król, Marta Radziszewska
Tytuł	European Integration Influence on the Development of Human Capital of Small and Medium Enterprises in Poland
Title	European Integration Influence on the Development of Human Capital of Small and Medium Enterprises in Poland
Słowa kluczowe	human capital, small and medium enterprises, European integration, EU assistance programs, EU funds
Key words	human capital, small and medium enterprises, European integration, EU assistance programs, EU funds
Abstrakt	Enterprises from the SME sector significantly affect the quality of human capital in Poland and the standards of their management are rising every year. The aim of this article is to present the essence and specifics of human capital of SMEs, showing the impact of European integration on the devel-opment of human capital in this sector. In addition, the authors focus on finding the answer to the question whether employers willingly reach for EU funding (sources of knowledge, forms, types of funding, barriers to access to funds) to be able to support and develop human capital that they have in the long run. The study was carried out by a survey method. The analysis made allowed to formu-late the following conclusions. Entrepreneurs willingly undertake to raise funds from EU funds. Re-spondents were convinced that EU funds help in the development of their businesses, although ob-taining funding alone is not easy. The respondents pointed to barriers, which include complicated and lengthy procedures, as well as low availability of information.
Abstract	Enterprises from the SME sector significantly affect the quality of human capital in Poland and the standards of their management are rising every year. The aim of this article is to present the essence and specifics of human capital of SMEs, showing the impact of European integration on the devel-opment of human capital in this sector. In addition, the authors focus on finding the answer to the question whether employers willingly reach for EU funding (sources of knowledge, forms, types of funding, barriers to access to funds) to be able to support and develop human capital that they have in the long run. The study was carried out by a survey method. The analysis made allowed to formu-late the following conclusions. Entrepreneurs willingly undertake to raise funds from EU funds. Re-spondents were convinced that EU funds help in the development of their businesses, although ob-taining funding alone is not easy. The respondents pointed to barriers, which include complicated and lengthy procedures, as well as low availability of information.
Cytowanie	Kacprzak M., Król A., Radziszewska M. (2018) European Integration Influence on the Development of Human Capital of Small and Medium Enterprises in Poland.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 4: 236-249
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n4_s236.pdf

Autor	Robert Nowacki, Katarzyna Wasilik
Tytuł	Cooperation of Enterprises of the Sector of Food Processing Industry with the Entities Rendering Business Services
Title	Cooperation of Enterprises of the Sector of Food Processing Industry with the Entities Rendering Business Services
Słowa kluczowe	food processing industry, business services, cooperation of enterprises, business relations
Key words	food processing industry, business services, cooperation of enterprises, business relations
Abstrakt	An intensive competition in the sector of food processing industry sets forth the requirement of improving the processes of operating in the market. One of them is cooperation with the entities rendering business services. The aim of the paper is to analyse the level of making use of business services by the enterprises operating in the food processing industry as well as to assess the cooperation between the companies rendering such services. The authors used for this purpose the results of quantitative research carried out among the enterprises operating in the polish market. In result of thereof they have ascertained that, in general, along with the growth of the size of an enterprise there grows the scale of the use of business services, and it must be said that greater propensity to use business services is displayed by the enterprises with the share of foreign capital. At the same time, the assessment of cooperation with the companies rendering business services is not determined either by the size of an enterprise or by the share of foreign capital.
Abstract	An intensive competition in the sector of food processing industry sets forth the requirement of improving the processes of operating in the market. One of them is cooperation with the entities rendering business services. The aim of the paper is to analyse the level of making use of business services by the enterprises operating in the food processing industry as well as to assess the cooperation between the companies rendering such services. The authors used for this purpose the results of quantitative research carried out among the enterprises operating in the polish market. In result of thereof they have ascertained that, in general, along with the growth of the size of an enterprise there grows the scale of the use of business services, and it must be said that greater propensity to use business services is displayed by the enterprises with the share of foreign capital. At the same time, the assessment of cooperation with the companies rendering business services is not determined either by the size of an enterprise or by the share of foreign capital.
Cytowanie	Nowacki R., Wasilik K. (2018) Cooperation of Enterprises of the Sector of Food Processing Industry with the Entities Rendering Business Services.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 4: 359-369
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n4_s359.pdf

Autor	Grzegorz Letkowski, Joanna Szwacka-Mokrzycka
Tytuł	Kierunki dostosowań przedsiębiorstw handlowych do wzorców zakupowych konsumentów
Title	Directions of Adaptation of Commercial Enterprises to Consumer Purchasing Patterns
Słowa kluczowe	handel detaliczny, zmiany strukturalne w handlu, wzorce zakupowe konsumentów
Key words	retail trade, trade structural changes, consumer purchasing patterns
Abstrakt	W okresie transformacji polskiej gospodarki, największe zmiany zaszły w systemie dystrybucji. Tak jak w latach 90. XX w. integratorem w łańcuchu żywnościowym był przemysł spożywczy, tak w drugiej dekadzie XXI w. funkcję tę pełni handel detaliczny. Wynika to z faktu rosnącej pozycji korporacji transnarodowych w Polsce. Celem przewodnim artykułu jest przedstawienie skali i zakresu zmian w handlu detalicznym w Polsce i określenie kierunku dostosowań przedsiębiorstw handlowych do wzorców zakupowych konsumentów. Punktem wyjścia rozważań jest przedstawienie procesów koncentracji sektora w latach 2012-2016. Następnie poddano analizie kierunki zmian w handlu detalicznym w okresie transformacji gospodarki polskiej. W kolejnej części opracowania przedstawiono dostosowania przedsiębiorstw handlowych do wzorców zakupowych polskich konsumentów.
Abstract	During the transformation of the Polish economy, the huge changes took place in the distribution system. In 1990 the integrator in the food chain was the food industry. In the second decade of the 21st century, the same function is fulfilled by retail trade. This situation is due to the growing position of transnational corporations in Poland. The main goal of the article is to present the scale and scope of changes in retail trade in Poland and to determine the direction of adaptation of commercial enterprises to consumer purchasing patterns. The starting point of consideration is to present the processes of sector concentrations in 2012-2016. Then, the trends of retail trade during the transformation of the Polish economy were analysed. The next part of the study presents adaptations of trade enterprises to the purchasing patterns of Polish consumers.
Cytowanie	Letkowski G., Szwacka-Mokrzycka J. (2018) Kierunki dostosowań przedsiębiorstw handlowych do wzorców zakupowych konsumentów.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 4: 463-472
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n4_s463.pdf

Autor	Natalia Wasilewska, Mirosław Wasilewski, Serhiy Zabolotnyy
Tytuł	The Enterprise’s Financial Condition Assessment as a Component of its Creditworthiness
Title	The Enterprise’s Financial Condition Assessment as a Component of its Creditworthiness
Słowa kluczowe	financial condition assessment, lending to enterprises, credit history, liquidity, debt, business activity, profitability
Key words	financial condition assessment, lending to enterprises, credit history, liquidity, debt, business activity, profitability
Abstrakt	The article covers aspects of financial condition analysis regarding creditworthiness of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises that had to operate in unstable economic conditions in 2009-2017. It is proposed to improve methodological approaches to financial assessment of an enterprise – a potential borrower, due to changes in the economy, in particular in the financial sector, which have been influenced by crises that have shaken the Ukrainian economy twice in the past ten years. The proposed approaches to assessing the financial condition of an agricultural enterprise as a component of its creditworthiness increase the accuracy and credibility of such assessments and help to minimize credit risks.
Abstract	The article covers aspects of financial condition analysis regarding creditworthiness of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises that had to operate in unstable economic conditions in 2009-2017. It is proposed to improve methodological approaches to financial assessment of an enterprise – a potential borrower, due to changes in the economy, in particular in the financial sector, which have been influenced by crises that have shaken the Ukrainian economy twice in the past ten years. The proposed approaches to assessing the financial condition of an agricultural enterprise as a component of its creditworthiness increase the accuracy and credibility of such assessments and help to minimize credit risks.
Cytowanie	Wasilewska N., Wasilewski M., Zabolotnyy S. (2018) The Enterprise’s Financial Condition Assessment as a Component of its Creditworthiness.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 4: 493-503
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n4_s493.pdf

Autor	Joanna Wyrobek
Tytuł	Analiza porównawcza sytuacji finansowej farm wiatrowych w wybranych krajach Unii Europejskiej w latach 2009-2017
Title	Comparative Analysis of Wind Farms Financial Situation in Selected Countries of the European Union in years 2009-2017
Słowa kluczowe	farmy wiatrowe, źródła odnawialne energii, finanse przedsiębiorstw energetycznych
Key words	wind farms, renewable resources, corporate finance
Abstrakt	Celem publikacji była jest analiza porównawcza wybranych wskaźników sytuacji finansowej przedsiębiorstw, których główną działalnością jest generowanie energii wiatrowej i jej sprzedaż do sieci energetycznej. W publikacji porównano wybrane średnie wartości wskaźników finansowych dla następujących krajów Unii Europejskiej: Austria, Belgia, Bułgaria, Chorwacja, Czechy, Dania, Estonia, Finlandia, Francja, Grecja, Hiszpania, Holandia, Irlandia, Litwa, Łotwa, Niemcy, Polska, Portugalia, Rumunia, Słowacja, Słowenia, Szwecja, Węgry, Wielka Brytania, Włochy. Wnioskiem z badań jest wysoka rentowność farm wiatrowych w Austrii, Belgii, Portugalii i Wielkiej Brytanii, co pokrywa się z wysokimi cenami energii elektrycznej w tych krajach. Kraje z niższymi cenami energii odnotowały zwykle gorsze wyniki finansowe farm wiatrowych. Są jednak od tej reguły wyjątki (farmy wiatrowe w Niemczech mimo wysokich cen energii elektrycznej nie uzyskiwały bardzo dobrych wyników finansowych).
Abstract	The aim of the publication was a comparative analysis of selected indicators of the financial situation of enterprises whose main activity is the generation of wind energy and its sale to the power grid. The publication compared selected average values of financial ratios for the following European Union countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Spain, the Netherlands, Ireland, Lithuania, Latvia, Germany, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Hungary, Great Britain, Italy. The conclusion from the research is the authors observed high profitability of wind farms in Austria, Belgium, Portugal and the United Kingdom, which coincides with the high electricity prices in these countries. Countries with lower energy prices usually recorded worse financial results of wind farms. There are, however, exceptions to this rule (wind farms in Germany, despite high electricity prices, did not achieve very good financial results).
Cytowanie	Wyrobek J. (2018) Analiza porównawcza sytuacji finansowej farm wiatrowych w wybranych krajach Unii Europejskiej w latach 2009-2017.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 4: 504-514
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n4_s504.pdf

Autor	Katarzyna Żak
Tytuł	Poland’s Position on the Investment Development Path
Title	Poland’s Position on the Investment Development Path
Słowa kluczowe	Foreign Development Investment (FDI), Investment Development Path Model (IDP Model), Poland
Key words	Foreign Development Investment (FDI), Investment Development Path Model (IDP Model), Poland
Abstrakt	In the modern world based on open national economies, individual countries are closely related and even interdependent in terms of trade, investment flows, labor migration, as well as cooperation at the level of enterprises. The role of enterprises in foreign markets in the form of FDI is growing, while the national economies compete for the inflow of such capital. Due to the fact that since the 1990s Poland has been extensively involved in internationalization processes, it seems important to find answers to the questions: how has the inflow of FDI into the country evolved over the years; what position have Polish investors built in foreign markets during this time; and, finally, what is the current position of Poland on the investment development path. To answer these questions, research tools such as the review of domestic and foreign literature were used and desk research (based on NBP and UNCTAD statistical databases) was carried out to determine the position of the Polish economy in the IDP model. The analyses indicate that since 2008, Poland has been moving towards the third phase of the IDP model in a slow but steady manner.
Abstract	In the modern world based on open national economies, individual countries are closely related and even interdependent in terms of trade, investment flows, labor migration, as well as cooperation at the level of enterprises. The role of enterprises in foreign markets in the form of FDI is growing, while the national economies compete for the inflow of such capital. Due to the fact that since the 1990s Poland has been extensively involved in internationalization processes, it seems important to find answers to the questions: how has the inflow of FDI into the country evolved over the years; what position have Polish investors built in foreign markets during this time; and, finally, what is the current position of Poland on the investment development path. To answer these questions, research tools such as the review of domestic and foreign literature were used and desk research (based on NBP and UNCTAD statistical databases) was carried out to determine the position of the Polish economy in the IDP model. The analyses indicate that since 2008, Poland has been moving towards the third phase of the IDP model in a slow but steady manner.
Cytowanie	Żak K. (2018) Poland’s Position on the Investment Development Path.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 4: 515-524
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n4_s515.pdf

Autor	Karolina Pawlak
Tytuł	Zdolność konkurencyjna przemysłu spożywczego krajów UE, USA i Kanady na rynku światowym
Title	Competitive Capacity of the EU, the US and Canadian Food Industry on the World Market
Słowa kluczowe	konkurencyjność, przemysł spożywczy, relatywna przewaga w handlu, realna wartość dodana, realna produktywność pracy, UE, USA, Kanada
Key words	competitiveness, food industry, relative trade advantage, real value added, real labour productivity, the EU, the US, Canada
Abstrakt	Celem artykułu była ocena zdolności konkurencyjnej głównych branż przemysłu spożywczego UE, USA i Kanady na rynku światowym, z wykorzystaniem wybranych wskaźników ekonomicznych i handlowych. Zakres czasowy analiz objął lata 2007-2016. W badaniach wykorzystano dane urzędów i agencji statystycznych UE (Eurostat), USA (US Census Bureau, FAS/USDA) i Kanady (Agriculture and Agri-food Canada). Na podstawie przeprowadzonych analiz można stwierdzić, że poprawa pozycji konkurencyjnej branż unijnego przemysłu spożywczego w większym stopniu była determinowana skalą aktywności w handlu światowym (rosnącymi udziałami w globalnym eksporcie), natomiast o przewagach konkurencyjnych przemysłu spożywczego USA i Kanady decydowały przewagi o charakterze ekonomicznym, związane z poprawą ekonomicznych wyników działalności przedsiębiorstw danej branży, jej udziału w tworzeniu realnej wartości dodanej przemysłu spożywczego oraz produktywności pracy.
Abstract	The aim of the paper was to assess the competitive capacity of the main sectors of the EU, the US and Canadian food industry, using selected economic and trade indicators. Time range of the research covered the years 2007-2016. The research is based on the data from the Statistical Office of the European Union (Eurostat), the US Census Bureau, the USDA Foreign Agricultural Service's Global Agricultural Trade System (FAS/USDA) and Agriculture and Agri-food Canada. It was proved that improvement of the competitive position of the EU food industry was more determined by the scale of activity in world trade (increasing share in global exports), while competitive advantages of the US and Canadian food industry were influenced by economic advantages associated with improving the economic performance of enterprises in a given sector, its share in the real value added of the food industry as a whole and labour productivity.
Cytowanie	Pawlak K. (2018) Zdolność konkurencyjna przemysłu spożywczego krajów UE, USA i Kanady na rynku światowym.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 3: 248-261
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n3_s248.pdf

Autor	Jakub Piecuch, Joanna Szarek
Tytuł	Konkurencyjność gospodarki województwa małopolskiego a rozwój ekosystemu startupowego
Title	Competitiveness of the Economy of the Małopolska Region and the Development of the Startup Ecosystem
Słowa kluczowe	konkurencyjność, innowacyjność, startup, ekosystem startupowy
Key words	competitiveness, innovation, startup, startup ecosystem
Abstrakt	W XXI wieku konkurencyjna gospodarka regionu jest gospodarką opartą na wiedzy i nowych technologiach. Przedsiębiorstwa typu startup wraz z ekosystemem startupowym stały się wyznacznikiem innowacyjności regionu. Artykuł ma na celu ukazanie zależności pomiędzy rozwojem krakowskiego środowiska startupowego a wzrostem konkurencyjności województwa małopolskiego. Za podstawowe czynniki oddziałujące na konkurencyjność Małopolski uznano liczbę udzielonych patentów na wynalazki krajowe przez Urząd Patentowy RP, dynamikę zatrudnienia w B+R, nakłady inwestycyjne na B+R, liczbę przedsiębiorstw z kapitałem zagranicznym oraz PKB per capita w cenach bieżących. Po przeprowadzonej analizie korelacji wykazano, że najsilniejsze zależności zachodzą pomiędzy PKB per capita w cenach bieżących a liczbą przedsiębiorstw z kapitałem zagranicznym oraz nakładami inwestycyjnymi na B+R. Główny ośrodek miejski, jakim jest w analizowanym obszarze Kraków, stał się magnesem skupiającym wokół siebie osoby zakładające startupy, budujące innowacyjną gospodarkę oraz całe zaplecze biznesowe. Krakowski ekosystem startupowy ma pozytywny wpływ na konkurencyjność regionu małopolskiego z uwagi na gromadzenie wysoko wykwalifikowanego kapitału społecznego, krajowych i zagranicznych inwestorów, fundacji i instytucji wspierających pomysłodawców w zmaterializowaniu idei, działalności instytucji i administracji publicznej w kierunku współpracy z obszarem nauki i biznesu.
Abstract	In the 21st century, a region's competitive economy is an economy based on knowledge and new technologies. Startups with the startup ecosystem have become a determinant of a region's innovation. The article aims to show the dependence between the development of the Krakow startup environment and the increase in the competitiveness of the Malopolska region. The number of patents granted for national inventions by the Patent Office of the Republic of Poland, the dynamics of employment in R&D, capital expenditures on R&D, the number of enterprises with foreign capital and GDP per capita in current prices were considered the basic factors affecting the competitiveness of Malopolska. After the analysis of the correlation, it was shown that the strongest relationships occur between GDP per capita in current prices and the number of enterprises with foreign capital and investment outlays for R&D. The main city center, which is in the analyzed area of Krakow, has become a magnet for gathering people, creating startups, building an innovative economy and all business facilities. The Krakow startup ecosystem has a positive impact on the competitiveness of the Malopolska region due to the accumulation of highly qualified social capital, domestic and foreign investors, foundations and institutions supporting originators in materializing the idea, activities of institutions and public administration towards cooperation with the science and business area.
Cytowanie	Piecuch J., Szarek J. (2018) Konkurencyjność gospodarki województwa małopolskiego a rozwój ekosystemu startupowego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 1: 183-193
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n1_s183.pdf

Autor	Robert Mroczek, Mirosława Tereszczuk
Tytuł	Wydajność pracy i koncentracja produkcji w polskim przemyśle spożywczym na tle krajów UE-28
Title	Labor Productivity and Concentration of Food Production in the Polish Food Industry against the EU-28
Słowa kluczowe	przemysł spożywczy, produkcja, zatrudnienie, parytet, wydajność pracy
Key words	food industry, production, employment, parity, labor productivity, Poland, UE-28
Abstrakt	Przystąpienie Polski do Unii Europejskiej okazało się korzystne dla rozwoju polskiego przemysłu spożywczego. Dynamicznemu rozwojowi produkcji w tym sektorze po 2004 roku, towarzyszyła poprawa wydajności pracy, która jest jednym z głównych czynników decydujących o konkurencyjności przedsiębiorstwa na rynku. W latach 2004-2014 wydajność pracy mierzona wartością produkcji sprzedanej wzrosła w polskim przemyśle spożywczym (w cenach porównywalnych) z 141,2 do 225,3 tys. euro/zatrudnionego i była już tylko o ok. 10 pkt proc. niższa niż przeciętnie w UE-28. Co ważne, wzrost wydajności pracy nastąpił, choć w różnym stopniu we wszystkich branżach przemysłu spożywczego w Polsce. W analizowanym okresie zmniejszyła się liczba przedsiębiorstw przemysłu spożywczego w większości krajów UE-28 i nastąpił wzrost koncentracji produkcji. Zmiany takie nastąpiły u największych producentów żywności UE-28, do których zaliczana jest też Polska.
Abstract	The aim of this study was to show changes in labor productivity and concentration of production in the Polish food industry against the background of European Union countries and the indication of the causes (factors) which caused these changes. Poland's accession to the European Union has proved beneficial for the development of the Polish food industry. The dynamic development of production in this sector after 2004 has been accompanied by improved labor productivity, which is one of the main determinants of a company's competitiveness in the market. The assessment of changes in labor productivity was made at current prices, as well as at comparable prices, taking into account the purchasing power of currencies of individual member states. The method of compound interest was used to determine the average annual changes. In the years 2004-2014, labor productivity measured by the value of sold production increased in the Polish food industry (in comparable prices) from 141.2 to 225.3 thousand Euro/employee and was only about 10 percentage points lower than the EU-28 average. Importantly, productivity growth has occurred, although to a varying extent, in all sectors of the food industry in Poland. In the analyzed period, the number of food processing enterprises decreased in most EU-28 countries and the concentration of food production increased. Such changes have occurred in the largest EU-28 food producers, to which Poland is also counted.
Cytowanie	Mroczek R., Tereszczuk M. (2018) Wydajność pracy i koncentracja produkcji w polskim przemyśle spożywczym na tle krajów UE-28.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 1: 299-308
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n1_s299.pdf

Autor	Zoltan Gal, Raqif Huseynov, Devesh Singh, Michał Wojtaszek
Tytuł	Determining the Performance Measurement of SME from Economic Value Added: Study on Hungary, Somogy County
Title	Determining the Performance Measurement of SME from Economic Value Added: Study on Hungary, Somogy County
Słowa kluczowe	Economic value added, small and medium-sized enterprises SMEs, performance measurement, Hungary, Somogy County
Key words	Economic value added, small and medium-sized enterprises SMEs, performance measurement, Hungary, Somogy County
Abstrakt	EVA (Economic Value Added) permits commercial businesses to figure out whether the business is operating in profit and the money can be put into effect into a more profitable source. A leading EVA is a sign that the company has a greater value. The goal of this study is to identify if SMEs' actions carried out on a daily basis are able to generate economic value added for their business. The study is based on a comparative study between Hungary and 28 EU countries. The study is carried out in Hungary’s region of Somogy county. First, the variables for research were created and research was carried out at ground level. The research used the Expletory Factor analysis method to find EVA determinants. The results showed that determinants work together to reshape the regional industrial growth. The research demonstrated that finance and sluggish production are the major determinants in Somogy county. Entrepreneurs' skills and finance have the major impact, which means that to achieve a high growth in SMEs, policy makers have to solve these two problems and make the policy concentric toward finance and high skill development problem.
Abstract	EVA (Economic Value Added) permits commercial businesses to figure out whether the business is operating in profit and the money can be put into effect into a more profitable source. A leading EVA is a sign that the company has a greater value. The goal of this study is to identify if SMEs' actions carried out on a daily basis are able to generate economic value added for their business. The study is based on a comparative study between Hungary and 28 EU countries. The study is carried out in Hungary’s region of Somogy county. First, the variables for research were created and research was carried out at ground level. The research used the Expletory Factor analysis method to find EVA determinants. The results showed that determinants work together to reshape the regional industrial growth. The research demonstrated that finance and sluggish production are the major determinants in Somogy county. Entrepreneurs' skills and finance have the major impact, which means that to achieve a high growth in SMEs, policy makers have to solve these two problems and make the policy concentric toward finance and high skill development problem.
Cytowanie	Gal Z., Huseynov R., Singh D., Wojtaszek M. (2018) Determining the Performance Measurement of SME from Economic Value Added: Study on Hungary, Somogy County.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 2: 270-279
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n2_s270.pdf

Autor	Hanna Kharchenko, Volodymyr Kharchenko, Agata Malak-Rawlikowska
Tytuł	INVESTMENT EXPENDITURES IN UKRAINIAN AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES: PROGNOSIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF APPROPRIATE INVESTMENT STRATEGY
Title	Wydatki inwestycyjne przedsiębiorstw rolnych w Ukrainie: prognoza oraz przygotowanie odpowiedniej strategii inwestycyjnej
Słowa kluczowe	inwestycje, innowacje, innowacje i rozwój inwestycji, efektywność, prognozy, strategia rozwoju, przedsiębiorstwo rolne
Key words	investments, innovations, innovation and investment development, efficiency, forecast, development strategy, agricultural enterprise
Abstrakt	Wzrost poziomu innowacyjności i wsparcia inwestycyjnego jest szczególnie ważny dla przedsiębiorstw rolnych. Dzięki temu mogą one skutecznie funkcjonować w dynamicznie zmieniającym się otoczeniu. Dlatego głównym celem artykułu jest scharakteryzowanie obecnego stanu i źródeł nakładów inwestycyjnych w przedsiębiorstwach rolnych na Ukrainie oraz próba prognozy napływu inwestycji w sektorze rolnym w przyszłości. Na podstawie tej prognozy sformułowano rekomendację odpowiednich kroków w kierunku rozwoju strategii inwestycyjnej w firmach rolniczych. W artykule wykorzystano metodę prognozowania ARIMA do określenia przyszłych nakładów na inwestycje w ukraińskim sektorze rolnym. Zaobserwowano, że w ostatnich latach nastąpił napływ inwestycji w obszarze ukraińskiego rolnictwa. Dodatkowo prognozowano, że wzrost ten będzie kontynuowany w przyszłości. Testowane różne scenariusze wykazały wzrost z 11 do 30% w 2019 r. Dodatkowo firmy mogły pozyskać fundusze zewnętrzne w postaci bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych, które niestety zmniejszyły się w latach 2015-17 w sektorze rolnym. Można się jednak spodziewać, że tendencja ta odwróci się wraz ze zmieniającą się sytuacją polityczną i gospodarczą Ukrainy.
Abstract	Increasing the level of innovation and investment support for agricultural enterprises is particularly relevant. This enables them to function effectively in a dynamic, open environment. Thus, the main purpose of the paper is to characterize the current state and sources of investment expenditures in agricultural enterprises in Ukraine, and to make predictions on the inflow of investments in the agricultural sector in the future. Basing of this prognosis the recommendation of the appropriate steps towards investment strategy development in farming firms was formulated. ARIMA forecasting method was used in the article to determine the future expenditures for investments in Ukrainian agricultural sector. It was observed that there has been an inflow of investments in the area of Ukrainian agriculture in recent years. Additionally it was forecasted that this growth will continue in the future. Different scenarios tested showed an increase from 11 to 30% in 2019. Additionally companies could attract and utilize the FDI funds, which unfortunately decreased during the period 2015-2017 in agricultural sector. It could be however expected that these trend will revert together with changing political and economic situation of Ukraine, and companies could use this resources for their development.
Cytowanie	Kharchenko H., Kharchenko V., Malak-Rawlikowska A. (2018) INVESTMENT EXPENDITURES IN UKRAINIAN AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES: PROGNOSIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF APPROPRIATE INVESTMENT STRATEGY.Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 105, z. 2: 71-81
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2018_n2_s71.pdf

Autor	Mariusz Chądrzyński
Tytuł	Poziom innowacyjności przedsiębiorstw w polskiej gospodarce ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem przemysłu spożywczego
Title	The level of innovativeness of enterprises in the polish economy with particular emphasis on the food industry
Słowa kluczowe	innowacje, działalność innowacyjna, przedsiębiorstwo, przemysł spożywczy
Key words	innovations, innovative activity, enterprise, food industry
Abstrakt	Celem opracowania było określenie ekonomicznych aspektów związanych z działalnością innowacyjną przedsiębiorstw działających w polskiej gospodarce ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem przemysłu spożywczego w latach 2004–2016. Zostało ono sporządzone na podstawie źródeł wtórnych pochodzących z publikacji GUS. W analizowanym okresie wystąpiła tendencja wzrostowa wysokości ponoszonych nakładów na działalność innowacyjną średniorocznie w przedsiębiorstwach ogółem o 5,7%, przetwórstwie przemysłowym o 3,2% a w przemyśle spożywczym o 3,9%. W przypadku stopnia odnowienia tendencja spadkowa była znacząca i wyniosła odpowiednio 57, 54 i 59%. W przypadku udziału przedsiębiorstw innowacyjnych w liczbie przedsiębiorstw ogółem wystąpiła względna stabilizacja. Występowała umiarkowana lub słaba zależność między analizowanymi parametrami ekonomicznymi.
Abstract	The aim of the study was to determine the economic aspects related to the innovative activity of enterprises operating in the polish economy, with particular emphasis on the food industry in the years 2004–2016. It was prepared on the basis of secondary sources originating from the GUS publication. In the analyzed period, there was an upward trend in the amount of expenditures on innovative activity incurred on year average in enterprises in total by 5.7%, in industrial processing by 3.2% and in the food industry by 3.9%. For the renewal rate, the downward trend was significant and amounted to 57, 54 and 59% respectively. In the case of the participation of innovative enterprises in the total number of enterprises, there was a relative stabilization. There was a moderate or weak relationship between the analyzed economic parameters.
Cytowanie	Chądrzyński M. (2018) Poziom innowacyjności przedsiębiorstw w polskiej gospodarce ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem przemysłu spożywczego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 124: 15-27
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2018_n124_s15.pdf

Autor	Joanna Chudzian, Ada Ładno, Olga Podlińska
Tytuł	Control and the illusion of control in the financial decisions of entrepreneurs
Title
Słowa kluczowe	control, illusion of control, rationality, decision-making process, financial decisions
Key words
Abstrakt	The article concerns the phenomenon of control and illusion of control In financial decisions of Polish enterprises. The article identifies the main determinants of the illusion of control. The aim of the paper is to assess the level of control and the degree of illusion of control. For this purpose a CAWI survey was conducted on a group of persons employed in enterprises and responsible for financial decisions. The empirical part of the article presents an primary study conducted among financial directors which showed high results of surveyed entrepreneurs in the area of control and the observed phenomenon of the illusion of control in decision-making situations in the field of finance. At the same time, the main factors influencing the level of the illusion of control were verified.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Chudzian J., Ładno A., Podlińska O.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2018_n2_s19.pdf