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Autor	Anna Kłoczko-Gajewska, Piotr Sulewski
Tytuł	ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS OF POLISH FARMERS PARTICIPATING IN FADN
Title
Słowa kluczowe	sustainable development, farmers, environmental awareness
Key words
Abstrakt	A prerequisite to manage farms in line with the sustainability concept is to be aware of the potential impact of farming practices on environmental and social issues. In this paper we tried to describe and assess environmental awareness of Polish farmers. Basing on the representative sample of 600 farms participating in the FADN we have carried out interviews concerning the farmers’ awareness of environmental problems and potential influence of farming practices on the natural environment, as well as the concept of sustainable agriculture. The results show that the farmers have a relatively high environmental awareness (at least in declarations). Farmers with higher economic potential and participating in agri-environmental schemes are more likely to know the concept of sustainable farming, than the remaining ones.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Kłoczko-Gajewska A., Sulewski P.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s68.pdf

Autor	Konrad Turkowski
Tytuł	TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE IN POLAND
Title
Słowa kluczowe	aquaculture, adaptation, sustainability
Key words
Abstrakt	In the late 1980s, inland aquaculture in Poland produced about 20 and 4 thousand tonnes of carp and trout, respectively. In 2016, the total volume of the sector’s production increased to over 35 thousand tonnes, including 18 and 16 thousand tonnes of the two species and above 1 thousand tonnes of another fish. This constitutes 94% of total catches of inland fish and about 15% including sea fishing. Globally, roughly 50% of seafood supply is produced by aquaculture, and farmed fish production exceeds that of farmed beef. The EU’s Blue Growth Strategy identifies aquaculture as a sector which could boost economic growth across Europe. The key challenges in the Polish aquaculture sector is significant production growth to 49 thousand tonnes by 2020 and increasing its competitiveness by using resources more effectively, supporting the market by building distribution chains, improving the quality of products and marketing, as well as increasing contribution to environmental protection.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Turkowski K.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s92.pdf

Autor	Vincenzo Allocca, Fulvio Celico, Elisabetta Marzano, Miriam Tramontano
Tytuł	THE GREY WATERFOOTPRINT OF CATTLE GRAZING: A CASE OF STUDY FOR ITALY
Title
Słowa kluczowe	grey water footprint, cattle grazing, microbial contaminant, karst aquifer, southern Apennines, Italy
Key words
Abstrakt	Water footprint accounting has contributed to show that livestock production, and dairy production in particular, have a non-negligible impact in terms of freshwater appropriation (Palhares and Mezzopane, 2015). In this line of research, Allocca et al (2018) have contributed to the scientific debate pointing out that livestock grazing can have a substantial effect in terms of the environment-related grey water footprint (GWFenv) originating from microbial contamination. However, cattle grazing can be a source of contamination also for chemical parameters, precisely nitrate, nitrite and ammonium. Albeit the microbial impact of cattle grazing has been documented by Allocca et al. (2018), they did not take into account possible consequences of the grazing activity in terms of chemical contamination, namely nitrates. This aspect is worth to be examined, since nitrates are important parameters to be evaluated when establishing guidelines for protecting aquatic life and/or ambient water quality for recreation use.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Allocca V., Celico F., Marzano E., Tramontano M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s98.pdf

Autor	Grzegorz Kunikowski
Tytuł	LOW-CARBON ECONOMY PLANNING IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR
Title
Słowa kluczowe	general regional economics, alternative energy sources, government policy
Key words
Abstrakt	The article presents the results of analysis of low carbon economy planning in public administration, as well as technological and non-technological solutions present in Poland and the EU. The review of documentation, being a formal basis for dealing with problems by public administration and local authorities, and the analysis of sample programmes and plan indicate that the main determinant of low carbon economy development in Poland is the state of the natural environment, particularly air quality and availability of financial support for investments, which is dependent on the possession of specific planning documents. Technological solutions are economically verified as network parity, which indicates the importance of organizational, fiscal and financial solutions.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Kunikowski G.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s103.pdf

Autor	Michal Borychowski
Tytuł	LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN THE LIQUID BIOFUELS SECTOR IN SELECTED EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES
Title
Słowa kluczowe	biofuels, production, turnover, job creation, labour productivity in the liquid biofuel sector
Key words
Abstrakt	The development of the liquid biofuels sector has been dynamic for more than 10 years, but from the very beginning of this process has been accompanied by a number of controversies as the production and use of liquid biofuels have both positive and negative effects. These consequences primary concern socio-economic and environmental areas. The most important economic benefits are connected with production, turnover and employment in the biofuels industry and the development of agriculture through higher demand on agricultural commodities. The aim of the paper was to quantify labour productivity in the liquid biofuels sector in European Union countries. It is hypothesized that highly developed countries (measured by GDP per capita) have higher labour productivity in the liquid biofuels industry than poorer European Union countries. The second hypothesis states that countries with high liquid biofuel production have higher labour productivity than other countries. The period under research covered the years 2009–2015. The data are mainly from Eurostat, EurObserv’ER consortium and World Bank. This research provides the general conclusion that a high level of economic development is not accompanied by high labour productivity (two types) in the liquid biofuels sector (there is no significant positive correlation). The same applies to the relation between biofuel production volume and labour productivity. The research proves that a high level of GDP per capita or the big scale of biofuel production (and use) is not a determinant of high labour productivity in this sector.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Borychowski M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s116.pdf

Autor	Zuzanna Szymaniuk
Tytuł	THE PHENOMENON OF LAND ABANDONMENT IN THE OPINIONS OF AGRICULTURAL ADVISERS (EXAMPLE OF PODLASKIE VOIVODESHIP)
Title
Słowa kluczowe	land abandonment, land use, agriculture, Podlaskie Voivodeship
Key words
Abstrakt	The phenomenon of abandoning agricultural land is the same as discontinuing the agricultural use of certain agricultural land, the causes of which should be sought in environmental, economic and social factors. In the Podlaskie Voivodeship, agriculture plays a key role in economic life due to the significant number of lands classified as agricultural and century-old tradition of agriculture. The research assessed the existence of threats that could cause the problem of abandonment of agricultural land in the region and indicated the complexity of the land abandonment phenomenon. The study is based on opinions of advisers from the regional Agricultural Extension Service Centre. The results indicated that the process of ceasing to use agricultural land is the result of many factors that mutually influence and strengthen each other.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Szymaniuk Z.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s95.pdf

Autor	Bruno Chiarini, Antonella Dagostino, Elisabetta Marzano, Andrea Regoli
Tytuł	SUSTAINABILITY IN URBAN VS. RURAL AREAS: A COMPARISON OF SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE INDICATORS ACROSS EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Title
Słowa kluczowe	perception of pollution, concentration of particulate matter, cross-country comparison
Key words
Abstrakt	In this paper, starting from the approach described in Chiarini et al. (2017), who have provided a subjective measure of the environmental impact of cities (subjective EIC) at the country level, we extend the analysis comparing their indicator with the objective measure of the environmental impact of cities (objective EIC) suggested by Agenda 2030, namely mean levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10). The comparison between subjective and objective indicators of the EIC is a novelty in the panorama of the available studies, and provides useful results for policy analysis. In fact, the relative ranking of countries changes according to the metric adopted, and the analysis of association with macroeconomic indicators of development and growth reveal that subjective and objective EIC indicators might influence/be influenced by different macrofactors.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Chiarini B., Dagostino A., Marzano E., Regoli A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s140.pdf

Autor	Eugeniusz Niedzielski
Tytuł	SIGNS AND TRENDS IN SOCIOECONOMIC CHANGES IN RURAL AREAS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	rural areas, functions of rural areas, economic and social changes
Key words
Abstrakt	This paper analyses the scope and the main directions of economic and social changes occurring in rural areas including, among others, the declining role of agriculture and the growth of non-agricultural activity. Although employment in agriculture is decreasing, the population of people in rural areas is on the rise, while the general population continues to decline. In general, these phenomena have been caused by nationwide deurbanisation and re ruralisation (the influx of residents to rural areas). The cumulative effect of these changes is the transformation of rural areas, especially those which are suburban or attractive due to their natural environment, which are losing their agrarian character.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Niedzielski E.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s149.pdf

Autor	Julian Krzyżanowski
Tytuł	EUROPEAN ADDED VALUE OF THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY, A NEW EFFECT OF THE REGIONAL INTEGRATION
Title
Słowa kluczowe	European Union, Common Agricultural Policy, Added Value
Key words
Abstrakt	Integration links in the European Union are particularly strong in agriculture and in this sector joint actions have brought the most visible effect – the implementation of the common agricultural policy. The concept of European Added Value (EAV) can contribute to understanding and assessing the relevance of the CAP to the European Union. The CAP is one of the few EU policies which is chiefly implemented at the EU level and closely linked to the subsidiarity principle, according to which the EU takes on tasks which it can implement more effectively than the Member State governments and regions. EAV derived from the CAP has its own specificity. It creates new values in rural areas and agriculture, but also provides economic, social and environmental effects beyond agriculture. A couple of new values and effects are exemplified in the present paper. It shows the CAP’s contribution to other areas as well as to the UN’s sustainable development objectives. Further research studies on Added Value can contribute to the theory of regional economic integration.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Krzyżanowski J.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s162.pdf

Autor	Alicja Baranowska, Stanisław Kondracki, Daniel Rogoznicki
Tytuł	COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY AS A DETERMINANT OF TRANSFORMATION IN POLISH AGRICULTURE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	rural areas, Common Agricultural Policy, direct payments
Key words
Abstrakt	The impact assessment of the Common Agricultural Policy on transformation process of Polish agriculture following Poland’s accession to European Union has been carried out. The analysis took into account the changes of the Common Agricultural Policy in terms of goals and the directions of its evolution. In the paper the alterations in land, labour and capital resources of Polish agriculture were also analysed. It has been established that funds coming from the Community budget allowed Polish agriculture to adjust to the requirement of new environment. Integration into the European Union has created good conditions to dynamic development of the agri-food sector as a whole. Acceleration of the modernization and restructuring processes of Polish farms has taken place. These developments have resulted in a reduction in the total number of farms (by 52%) at the simultaneous rise in their average area (by 78%). Union financial measures have also influenced on generational renewal amongst farms managers. The funds considerably enhanced farmers’ incomes, which increased by 156%, thus promoting expenditure on investments. As a result the improvement of technical utilities of farms has been achieved. Consequently, labour productivity growth in Polish agriculture has also been recorded. A wide range of measures within the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy enables to overcome many obstacles of the rural areas in Poland. It also creates possibilities to take advantage of naturally occurring assets in order to effectively compete on the external market.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Baranowska A., Kondracki S., Rogoznicki D.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s168.pdf

Autor	Olha Babytska, Tamara Prykhodko, Olena Shust, Serhiy Zabolotnyy
Tytuł	ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY IMPLEMENTATION BASED ON INNOVATIVE COMPONENT – EXPERIENCE OF UKRAINE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	environmental policy, sustainability, innovation, effect
Key words
Abstrakt	The article presents the principles of environmental policy implementation in Ukraine and its social, economic and ecological impact in accordance with objectives of the Environmental Strategy of Ukraine for 2020. It is stated that activities of industrial enterprises lead to the most significant negative influence on the environment. The relation between environmental policy and atmospheric air emissions is determined using regression analysis. It is also proved that innovations can be viewed as a driver for realization of environmental policy. Measures for the environmental policy improvement in Ukraine refer to state and local control and imply a set of innovative actions in industrial production.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Babytska O., Prykhodko T., Shust O., Zabolotnyy S.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s287.pdf

Autor	Oleksandra Mandych, Arkadii Mykytas, Liliia Prokopchuk
Tytuł	THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF SOLAR ENERGY PRODUCTION BY HOUSEHOLDS IN UKRAINE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	solar power, electricity, household electric energy, solar panels, bioeconomics
Key words
Abstrakt	In recent decades considerable attention has been paid to alternative and renewable energy. Among the alternative sources, the sun’s energy is most appealing. Therefore, the development of solar energy, in the long run, is one of the top priorities. In practice, there are numerous barriers to the growth of the solar energy market. First of all, economic: fairly high prices for solar systems and payback period; the absence of working capital from manufacturing enterprises, the absence of specific mechanisms for stimulating production in the form of subsidies, tax exemptions, preferential tariff policies, etc. Therefore, research into the development of solar energy, as a real tool for a comprehensive solution to economic and environmental problems, is becoming increasingly relevant. The paper considers the energy policy of the use of renewable energy sources in rural areas. The theoretically feasible and technically achievable potential of solar energy in the territory of Ukraine was characterized. It was noted that the sun is the most affordable supplier of energy on earth today. The use of solar radiation is expedient for the development of thermal and electric energy and is possible throughout the territory of Ukraine. The dynamics of the commissioning of solar power plants by private households was analysed. The attention is focused on the application of the ‘green’ tariff, which stimulates the increase in the number of solar projects implemented in households. A financial model of private households of choosing a solar power plant option was proposed. The problems were identified and the possibilities of using solar energy for ensuring energy independence of households and profit generation were assessed. The forecast for the development of solar energy of the period up to 2020 was made.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Mandych O., Mykytas A., Prokopchuk L.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s231.pdf

Autor	Yuriy Klapkiv, Yaroslav Kostetskyi, Petro Putsenteilo
Tytuł	MODERN CHALLENGES OF AGRARIAN BUSINESS IN UKRAINE ON THE WAY TO EUROPE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	agrarian sector, agro-industrial complex, agricultural enterprises, institutional structures, EU, economic policy, export
Key words
Abstrakt	It is established that the Ukrainian agrarian sector in recent years suffered quite serious reformational impacts on the institutional environment of the functioning of economic actors, in particular the influence of regulators on the transformation of agricultural development. It is substantiated that under institutional transformations it is appropriate to understand the changes that occur as part of the creation of new rules of conduct of participants, containing a specific mechanism for ensuring compliance with these rules, as well as improving organizational and economic regulators within the existing set of rules for all participants It is determined that the institutional system is a structured set of interrelated informal rules that determine, on the one hand, a system of incentives for increasing the efficiency of interaction between subjects of the agrarian economy, and, on the other hand, restricts the activities of economic agents, which create a certain framework for implementation their target functions in accordance with the law and public interests.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Klapkiv Y., Kostetskyi Y., Putsenteilo P.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s250.pdf

Autor	Agnieszka Kozak, Dorota Mączka
Tytuł	Questing jako innowacyjny produkt turystyczny
Title	Questing as aninnovative tourist product
Słowa kluczowe	innowacje, questing, szlak questingowy
Key words	innovation, questing, quest trawel
Abstrakt	Questing jako forma zwiedzania oraz metoda w edukacji regionalnej został zastosowanypo raz pierwszy w Stanach Zjednoczonych Ameryki Północnej w połowie lat 90. XX w.W Polsce questing i szlaki questingowe są rozwiązaniem stosunkowo nowym. Jest to zabawa,aktywność, atrakcja, która zjednuje sobie coraz więcej zwolenników. Dostępna jest dla wszystkich,gdyż nie wymaga sprzętu ani nakładów finansowych. W zamian dostarcza wiedzy, emocjii rozrywki. Questing sprawdza się w środowisku kulturowym i przyrodniczym, w mieście i nawsi, wszędzie tam, gdzie znajduje się coś ciekawego, nieznanego, a jednocześnie dostępnegodla poszukujących. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie questingu jako innowacyjnego produktuturystycznego tworzonego głównie na podstawie dziedzictwa kulturowego zarówno w miastach,jak i na obszarach wiejskich.
Abstract	Questing as a form of sightseeing and method in regional education was first used in theUnited States in the mid 90 s. The questing in Poland and questing trailsare relatively new option. Thisis a fun activity, an attraction that at tractsmore and more followers. It is available to every onebecauseitdoesnot requireany equipment or financial resources. In return, it provides knowledge, excitementand entertainment. Questing works in a cultural and natural environment, in the city and in thecountryside, where there is something interesting, unknown and yetaccessible to the seekers. The aimof the article is to present questing as aninnovative tourist product, mainlybased on cultural heritage,both in cities and in ruralareas.
Cytowanie	Kozak A., Mączka D.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2017_n7_s49.pdf

Autor	Paweł Dziemdziela
Tytuł	Działalność informacyjno-promocyjna Grupowej OczyszczalniŚcieków Łódzkiej Aglomeracji Miejskiej w kształtowaniuświadomości ekologicznej
Title	Information and promotion activities of the Group Sewage Treatment Plantof the Łódź City Agglomeration in shaping ecological awareness
Słowa kluczowe	działalność ekologiczna, edukacja ekologiczna, ochrona środowiska
Key words	ecological activity, ecological education, environmental protection
Abstrakt	W artykule przedstawiono rolę edukacji ekologicznej jako formy działalności informacyjno-promocyjnej na przykładzie Grupowej Oczyszczalni Ścieków Łódzkiej AglomeracjiMiejskiej w Łodzi Sp. z o.o. Zaprezentowano w nich wyniki badań dotyczących oddziaływaniaedukacji ekologicznej na mieszkańców i wartość uzyskanego ekwiwalentu reklamowego (AVE)w zależności od rodzaju medium.
Abstract	The article presents the role of ecological education as a form of information and promotionactivities based on the example of Group Sewage Treatment Plant of Łódź City Agglomeration inŁódź. It presents the results of research on the impact of ecological education on residents and thevalue of the advertising equivalent (AVE) obtained depending on the type of medium.
Cytowanie	Dziemdziela P.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2017_n8_s47.pdf

Autor	Marcin Ratajczak
Tytuł	Wybrane działania na rzecz społeczności lokalnejw aspekcie koncepcji CSR (w świetle badań własnych)
Title	Selected activities for the local community in the aspect of the CSR concept (inthe light of own research)
Słowa kluczowe	społeczna odpowiedzialność biznesu, agrobiznes, społeczność lokalna,obszary wiejskie
Key words	corporate social responsibility, agribusiness, local community, rural areas
Abstrakt	CSR jest to koncepcja, według której przedsiębiorstwa na etapie budowania strategiidobrowolnie uwzględniają interesy społeczne i ochronę środowiska naturalnego, a takżerelacje ze swoimi interesariuszami. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest przedstawienie wybranychdziałań na rzecz społeczności lokalnej podejmowanych przez badanych przedsiębiorcówz branży agrobiznesu w aspekcie koncepcji CSR. Badania dotyczące opinii przedsiębiorców natemat powyższej koncepcji zostały przeprowadzone na przełomie lat 2016/2017 i obejmowały212 mikro- (0–9 pracowników), małych (10–49 pracowników) i średnich (50–249 pracowników)przedsiębiorstw agrobiznesu prowadzących działalność gospodarczą na obszarach wiejskichwojewództwa wielkopolskiego. Wyniki badań pokazały, że przedsiębiorcy z obszarów wiejskichsą bardzo często lokalnymi liderami, dlatego działania charytatywne czy sponsoringowe wpływająna podnoszenie ich prestiżu, a także uznania wśród społeczności lokalnej.
Abstract	CSR is a concept according to which enterprises at the stage of strategy building voluntarilytake into account social interests and environmental protection as well as relations with their stakeholders.The aim of this study is to present selected activities for the local community undertaken bythe surveyed entrepreneurs from the agribusiness sector in the aspect of the CSR concept. Researchon entrepreneurs’ opinions on the above concept was carried out at the turn of 2016 and 2017 andcomprised 212 micro (0–9 employees), small (10–49 employees) and medium (50–249 employees)agribusiness companies doing business in rural areas of Wielkopolska province. The results of theresearch have shown that entrepreneurs from rural areas are very often local leaders, therefore charityor sponsorship activities affect the improvement of their prestige and recognition among the localcommunity.
Cytowanie	Ratajczak M.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2017_n8_s83.pdf

Autor	Ewa Stawicka
Tytuł	CSR w kontekście zrównoważonego rozwoju sektorarolno-spożywczego
Title	CSR in the context of sustainable development of the agri-food sector
Słowa kluczowe	społeczna odpowiedzialność, rolnictwo, agrobiznes, zrównoważony rozwój
Key words	social responsibility, agriculture, agribusiness, sustainable development
Abstrakt	W artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę polskiego sektora rolno-spożywczegow kontekście zrównoważonego rozwoju. Celem artykułu było podkreślenie mocnych i słabychstron w sektorze rolno-spożywczym w aspekcie dążenia do założeń zrównoważonego rozwoju.Społeczna odpowiedzialność w obszarach: rynek, środowisko, społeczeństwo i pracownicy toelementy sprzyjające realizacji 17 zrównoważonych celów. W sektorze rolno-spożywczym działaniaw kierunku społecznej odpowiedzialności są w fazie rozwoju, pojawia się jednak corazwięcej dobrych praktyk.
Abstract	The article presents the characteristics of the Polish agri-food sector in the context of socialresponsibility in agribusiness. The aim of the article was to highlight the strengths and weaknessesin the agri-food sector in terms of striving for the assumptions of sustainable development. Socialresponsibility in the areas of: market, environment, society and employees are elements conducive tothe implementation of 17 sustainable goals. In the agri-food sector, activities towards social responsibilityare under development, but there are more and more good practices.
Cytowanie	Stawicka E.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2017_n8_s93.pdf

Autor	Przemysław Szuba, Dariusz Tworzydło
Tytuł	Verifying an image objectives matrix for measuring the effects of public relations activities in business
Title	Verifying an image objectives matrix for measuring the effects of public relations activities in business
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	public relations, measurement of effects of public relations activities, internal and external communication, quantitative research, scale reliability analysis, image gap, image objectives matrix
Abstrakt
Abstract	This article presents the results of comprehensive research on image in the internal and external environments of an organization. During the research, the method of measuring the effect of public relations activities, i.e. the image objectives matrix, was alsoverified. The above tool is used to determine the image position of an economic entity, and to identify possible problems the entity must address in the range of its internal and external communications. The main conclusion is: The research project, completed in three phases(external, internal, image assessment), enabled us to optimize the dedicated tools for subsequent image studies, making it easy to see the changes closely, taking into account their direction. ZETO’s management board has received extensive material that, if appropriately used, will have a direct impact on showing the direction in which the company should be headed in the coming years. The opinions of institutional clients and employees will help to determine the strategy for future activities.
Cytowanie	Szuba P., Tworzydło D.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2017_n2_s121.pdf

Autor	Jolanta Żukowska
Tytuł	Integral human development
Title	Integral human development
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	ecology, international organizations, integral development
Abstrakt
Abstract	The concepts of sustainable development and corporate social responsibility are intended to humanize activity. However, are the existing concepts sufficient for them to fully realize their place in the world and its ecosystems, and to fulfill these roles? Is it necessary to seek a new concept of human organizational development, one which would strengthen the roles of creator, innovator and coordinator with total respect for the laws of nature? The author points to the contemporary threats and the need to search for new ideas and a more sensitive interaction with the environment, organizations, society and nature. This is necessary not only in meeting the goals of sustainable development, but also for development that is renewable, energy-efficient, closed loop, coordinated with nature and respecting its laws – and even using them. International organizations should not only prevent violence and preserve human rights, but also support the integrated development of individuals, communities and societies. They would thus help prevent stratification while increasing awareness and stimulating creativity. Integral development covers everything and everyone, is complete and respects the constant changes occurring in dynamic space. The concept of integral development seems now closer to modern humanity. Integrity means the interplay and interaction between all the elements of a set (organizations, communities, businesses, workers, the environment, nature) and the common good. This is not merely an idea but an actual necessity. Integral development is human development, and its organization is compatible with nature. This means being aware of coexistence and need to improve. In the absence of one or the other of these, it would not be possible to speak of integral development.
Cytowanie	Żukowska J.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2017_n2_s137.pdf

Autor	Piotr Pietrzak
Tytuł	Lojalność klientów indywidualnych wobec banku komercyjnego
Title	The loyalty of individual customers of commercial bank
Słowa kluczowe	bankowość, marketing relacyjny, klient, lojalność.
Key words	banking, relationship marketing, customer, loyalty
Abstrakt	Niestabilność otoczenia, w którym funkcjonują banki komercyjne oraz głębokie przeobrażenia zachodzące wewnątrz nich sprawiają, że przewartościowaniu ulegają zasady ich działania. Z instytucji chronionych wieloma przywilejami, banki komercyjne stały się podmiotami muszącymi sprostać presji nasilającej się konkurencji. Tym samym, temat lojalności klientów nabiera coraz większego znaczenia w strategiach marketingowych banków komercyjnych. Celem niniejszego artykułu uczyniono określenie stopnia lojalności klientów banku na przykładzie wybranego oddziału wareckiego banku komercyjnego „X””. W badaniach wykorzystano standardowy i „wzmocniony” wskaźnik lojalności. Analiza statystyczna obejmowała nieparametryczny test chi kwadrat (χ2).
Abstract	The instability of commercial banks’ environment and deep transformations which take place inside them are making redefinition of principles of their acting. From protected institutions with many privileges, commercial banks became entities which must meet the pressure of increasing competition not only from the cooperative banks, but also from other financial institutions and entities outside the banking sector. Thus, customer loyalty is becoming increasingly important in commercial bank marketing strategies. The purpose of this article was to determine the degree of loyalty of individual customers of branch of commercial bank “X” in Warka. Loyalty indicator and enhanced loyalty indicator were used for the assessment of loyalty level. Statistical analysis comprised non parametric chi-square test (χ2).
Cytowanie	Pietrzak P. (2017) Lojalność klientów indywidualnych wobec banku komercyjnego.Zarządzanie Finansami i Rachunkowość, nr 3: 79-88
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Pełny tekst	ZFIR_2017_n3_s79.pdf