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Autor	Stanisław Stańko
Tytuł	Tendencje w produkcji, konsumpcji i handlu zagranicznym na rynku mleka i jego artykułów w latach 1990-2005
Title	Tendencies in production, consumption and Polish foreign trade in milk and dairy products in years 1990-2005
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Key words	Polish foreign trade, milk and dairy products
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Abstract	Production, consumption and Polish foreign trade in milk and dairy products in years 1990- 2005 have been presented. In the analysed period growing trends in production of dairy products, foreign trade and consumption of cheese were observed, moreover, decreasing consumption of butter and milk have been recorded. Since 1991 the Polish trade balance in dairy products remained positive. In 2005 total milk and dairy products export reached 880 millions EUR and import was 98,6 millions EUR. The EU countries become the most significant purchasers of Polish dairy products. In 2005 they reached more than 75% share in the total value of Polish dairy exports (in 2001 share this share was 26,9% and 40,5% in 2003).
Cytowanie	Stańko S. (2006) Tendencje w produkcji, konsumpcji i handlu zagranicznym na rynku mleka i jego artykułów w latach 1990-2005.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 15, z. : 357-368
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2006_T15_n_s357.pdf

Autor	Krystyna Szybiga
Tytuł	Zmiany produkcji i handlu żywnością w Unii Europejskiej
Title	Changes in production and foreign trade in food products in the European Union
Słowa kluczowe	handel zagraniczny, produkty rolnicze, Unia Europejska
Key words	foreign trade, agricultural products, European Union
Abstrakt	Szczegółowa analiza polskiej produkcji rolnej i skali eksportu powinna być prowadzona na tle wielkości unijnych, zwłaszcza struktur ukształtowanych w krajach Piętnastki. Rozważania takie mogą stanowić podstawę do oceny szans rozwoju produkcji żywności i perspektyw polskiego rolnictwa, głownie w wyniku zwiększania handlu zagranicznego. Polska przeznacza na eksport zdecydowanie mniejszy odsetek swojej produkcji (zbóż, buraków cukrowych w przeliczeniu na cukier, ziemniaków, wieprzowiny, wołowiny, drobiu, jaj oraz mleka) niż pozostałe kraje UE-15, co może świadczyć o możliwości zwiększania zarówno produkcji, jak i eksportu produktów pochodzenia rolniczego.
Abstract	Detailed analysis of Polish agricultural production and scale of export should be considered on the background of quantities traded in the EU, especially in the EU-15 countries. Those considerations could be a basis for evaluation of chances of developing the food production and for predictions of the development of Polish agriculture, mainly as a result of an increase in foreign trade. Definitely smaller share of Polish production (cereals, sugar beats as sugar equivalent, potatoes, pig meat, bovine, poultry, eggs and milk) is allocated to exports than in the other EU-15 countries. This indicates a possibility of increase of production as well as of exports of agricultural products
Cytowanie	Szybiga K. (2006) Zmiany produkcji i handlu żywnością w Unii Europejskiej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 15, z. : 369-376
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2006_T15_n_s369.pdf

Autor	Elżbieta Szymańska
Tytuł	Wpływ rozszerzenia UE na rynek wieprzowiny w Polsce
Title	Influence of the EU enlargement on the pork market in Poland
Słowa kluczowe	rynek wieprzowiny, Unia Europejska
Key words	pig market, European Union
Abstrakt	Celem badań było określenie zmian na rynku trzody chlewnej w Polsce po rozszerzeniu UE. Badania wykazały, że w Polsce występuje powolny proces koncentracji produkcji, który uwidacznia się w powiększaniu dużych stad. Po rozszerzeniu UE wzrósł udział krajów unijnych w polskim handlu zagranicznym wieprzowiną. Zmieniły się formy interwencji na rynku trzody chlewnej. Podstawą wsparcia stało się dotowanie eksportu oraz prywatnego przechowywania wieprzowiny. Po akcesji Polski do UE odnotowano zmiany cen skupu trzody chlewnej. Początkowo w 2004 roku były one wysokie, ale już na początku 2006 roku należały do najniższych w UE. Objęcie Polski Wspólną Polityka Rolną sprzyja wzrostowi produkcji żywca wieprzowego i prowadzi do powstania nadwyżki eksportowej. W celu jej sprzedaży konieczne są działania promocyjne oraz poszukiwanie nowych rynków zbytu.
Abstract	The aim of research was to specify changes in the pigs market in Poland after the EU extension. Research shows that a slow process of concentration of production takes place in Poland, which is revealed by an increase in number of big herds. Participation of member countries in the Polish foreign trade in pork has grown after the extension of EU. Forms of interventions have been changed in the pig market. Subsidizing of export and private storage of pork has become the base of support. Price changes in pig purchases after the Polish accession to EU have been noticed. The prices were high initially in 2004, but they belonged to lowest in Europe already at the beginning of 2006. Accession and including Poland into CAP promote pork production and leads to creation of export surplus. Promotional operations seeking new markets are indispensable for its sale.
Cytowanie	Szymańska E. (2006) Wpływ rozszerzenia UE na rynek wieprzowiny w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 15, z. : 377-386
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2006_T15_n_s377.pdf

Autor	Catherine Darrot, Christian Mouchet
Tytuł	Charakterystyka i potencjał innowacyjny gospodarstw typu rodzinnego w Polsce
Title	Characteristic Features and Innovative Potential of Family Farms in Poland
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Abstract	Preliminary interviews concerning 20 farms in the regions of Podlasie and Małopolska were carried in 2003 for a doctorate entitled "Interest and future of Polish peasant-like farming systems in European development models: an ethno-agronomical and socio-economic approach ". In farms where less than 15 ha are available complementary incomes are necessary. They can be provided either by social transfers, either by salaried work. A precise repartition of tasks on the farm between specific feminine (manual work and provision of subsistence goods) and masculine (mechanized work and production for sale) tasks, explain different evolutions of production depending on access to outside jobs by each member of the couple. Agronomical organization of the farm was also described, with four parts which can be distinguished in traditional farming systems: family garden, field crops, permanent pastures and private forest, and an ecologically positive impact of agronomical techniques observed. These family-like farming systems can be considered as innovating in context of the contemporary European debate about ecological and economical choices in agriculture, also represented by other groups of fanners in Europe. In the future this could encourage the autonomy and the reduction of inputs employed in the Polish family-run farms, with their new orientations on the European financial help.
Cytowanie	Darrot C., Mouchet C. (2005) Charakterystyka i potencjał innowacyjny gospodarstw typu rodzinnego w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 55: 95-103
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2005_n55_s95.pdf

Autor	Beata Madras-Majewska, Janusz Majewski
Tytuł	Opłacalność produkcji pszczelarskiej w Polsce
Title	The Profitability of Honey Production in Poland
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Abstract	The article treats about bee keeping which is a very important element of agriculture. The most important role of bees in environment is plants pollination. Bee colonies produce honey, propolis, bee wax and bee bred. The situation in bee keeping in Poland was critical in the middle of the eighties. The number of apiaries decreased 4 times whereas the number of bee hives decreased 3 times by the end of the nineties. The biggest problems of Polish bee keeping are small average number of trunks in the apiary as well as beekeepers age. They are usually older people and are keeping bees as a hobby. Almost 60% of apiaries have only 20 bee colonies. Such apiaries cannot become the base of beekeeper family livelihood. Only beekeepers that have at least 1 OO colonies in and out apiary can get income high enough to fully support their families. They also have to sell honeybees' products directly to customers. Based on estimations and calculations authors state that Polish bee keeping has a chance to develop in the future. On one hand Polish beekeepers have a chance to get subsidies from EU as well as from Polish government. On the other hand they also have a possibility to gain profits selling their products.
Cytowanie	Madras-Majewska B., Majewski J. (2004) Opłacalność produkcji pszczelarskiej w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 53: 175-185
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2004_n53_s175.pdf

Autor	Sławomir Juszczyk
Tytuł	Skala produkcji gospodarstw mlecznych a jej opłacalność
Title	The Scale and the Profitability of Milk Production
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Abstract	In years 1997-2001 in the typical family farms of the Central Macro region with the growth of production scale measured by: numbers of milk cows, milk production per year and commodity value of milk production with coupled production - the profitability of milk production and direct surplus from milk production grew. It is useful to intensify the milk production in those farms. State owned farms had from 42 to 173 milk cows. They achieved the highest direct surplus among the researched farms but average direct profitability fell to 2,41. In spite of taking into consideration the real indirect costs and the depreciation of farms' costs, the achieved profitability still gave the possibility of the growth of direct surplus. It means that a margin cost was higher than an average cost and simultaneously was smaller than purchase price, and that a margin surplus was higher than zero. The increasing of the direct surplus in these farms was possible but connected with a further decreasing of average profitability of milk production. Taking into the consideration the individual measure of the production scale and results received the direct profitability was the most negative correlated with the number of cows in the farm between 1997 and 1999: the index of determination was: 7,19%, 11,04% and 15,05%. Between 2000 and 2001 the direct profitability was the most negative correlated with amount of produced milk, which explained 13,47% and 11,36% changeability of the profitability of the production. The direct surplus in the analysed period was the most correlated with the value of commodity milk production and coupled production. Therefore when one wants to achieve high direct surplus from researched farms one should produce milk of the highest quality and also produce and sell with profit not only calves and defective cows but also farm heifers. In the analysed period the value of milk production and coupled production explained: 62, 30%; 66, 72%; 61, 97%; 90, 21 % and 86, 86% of direct surplus changeability.
Cytowanie	Juszczyk S. (2004) Skala produkcji gospodarstw mlecznych a jej opłacalność.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 53: 143-157
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2004_n53_s143.pdf

Autor	Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Wyniki i organizacja produkcji w gospodarstwach rolniczych o różnych formach organizacyjno-prawnych
Title	The Outputs and the Production Organization in Different Organizational and Property Forms of Agricultural Farms
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Abstract	In the paper the comparative analysis of !he organization and the productivity per unit of the plant and animal production in different organizational and property forms of agricultural farms is presented. The share of agricultural land in total area was similar in all of the farms' groups, the area of agricultural land in private farms increased insignificantly while in another farms it decreased. Those farms were characterized by the lowest area. Companies were characterized by the lowest level of labour force reserves while in private farms those reserves were the highest. In all of the farms' groups cereals dominated in the structure of sown, the most in private farms, and the least in companies owned to A WRSP. The differences between farms as regards fertilizing with mineral fertilizers were not large, and the highest crops of cereals occurred in A WRSP companies. The highest number of livestock occurred in private farms and the lowest in A WRSP companies. In the structure of the herd of animals swine predominated in private farms and in the rest of farms' groups cattle predominated. Private farms were characterized by the highest effectiveness of reserves of resources to the production usage while companies incurred losses.
Cytowanie	Wasilewski M. (2004) Wyniki i organizacja produkcji w gospodarstwach rolniczych o różnych formach organizacyjno-prawnych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 53: 127-142
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2004_n53_s127.pdf

Autor	Mariusz Hamulczuk, Alicja Stolarska
Tytuł	Zmiany źródeł utrzymania ludności rolniczej
Title	Changes in Income Sources of the Agricultural Population
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Abstract	The paper includes an analysis of changes in income sources of private agricultural farms. The work is based on numeric data from National Census of People from 1996 and 2002. The share of agricultural population financially dependent on agricultural production decreased. The share of agricultural population made a living by social incomes increased at the same time.
Cytowanie	Hamulczuk M., Stolarska A. (2004) Zmiany źródeł utrzymania ludności rolniczej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 53: 91-97
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2004_n53_s91.pdf

Autor	Anna Jakóbik, Bogdan Klepacki
Tytuł	Poziom produkcji roślinnej w Polsce na tle wybranych państw Unii Europejskiej
Title	The Level of Plant Production in Poland in Comparison with Chosen European Union Countries
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Abstract	In the paper the level of plant production in Poland in comparison with leading EU countries was presented. There were showed areas of some plants in Denmark, France, Nederland and Germany as well as received yields of cereals, potatoes, sugar beets and rapes compared with scored in Poland in 2002. It was stated that received yields were in Poland 25 to 38% lower than in European Union.
Cytowanie	Jakóbik A., Klepacki B. (2004) Poziom produkcji roślinnej w Polsce na tle wybranych państw Unii Europejskiej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 53: 77-89
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2004_n53_s77.pdf

Autor	Tomasz Rokicki
Tytuł	Sytuacja na rynku produktów owczarskich na świecie w latach 1997-2001
Title	The Situation of the World's Sheep Market in the years 1997-2001
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Abstract	Stock of sheep in the world has fallen off insignificantly in the years 1997-2001. Changes took a stand along with changes of stock in production. Production of wool decreased, while production of meet increased. Such a situation was related to the permutation of the use of sheep meat. Changes in production of wool and milk were correlated with changes in stock of sheep.
Cytowanie	Rokicki T. (2004) Sytuacja na rynku produktów owczarskich na świecie w latach 1997-2001.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 52: 113-118
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2004_n52_s113.pdf

Autor	Stanisław Stępka
Tytuł	Problematyka społeczno-gospodarcza w działalności Stanisława Mikołajczyka
Title	Socioeconomic problems in Stanisław Mikołajczyk's activity
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Abstract	Stanisław Mikołajczyk was peasant's activist, politician and statesman. In his activity he paid attention to activity of Farmer' s Circles, peasant' s cooperation as well as drawing up and realization of the agricultural reform. He considered that economic organizations run by farmers were basis of well functioning agriculture. It was a reason why he supported Society of Farmer' s Circles in Poznań. He thought that farmer's interests were directly connected with peasant' s cooperation. According to Mikołajczyk, they should by protection against the dishonest competition and should influence on profitability of production. He thought that superfluous farmers should change their job and work in trade, craft and cooperation. Stanisław Mikołajczyk set about undertaking these problems in parliament and journalism, particularly in „Przewodnik Gospodarski".
Cytowanie	Stępka S. (2004) Problematyka społeczno-gospodarcza w działalności Stanisława Mikołajczyka.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 52: 79-89
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Autor	Artur Kowalczyk, Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Ocena konkurencyjności spółdzielni mleczarskich
Title	The evaluation of Dairy Cooperatives' Competitiveness
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Abstract	The study presents the comparative analysis of competitiveness' level of dairy cooperatives, which exports their products to the UE market and cooperatives from Świętokrzyskie province, which are not entitled to the export to the UE market. Cooperatives exporting their products to the UE market (group A) in the years 1998-2001 showed the increase of milk processing while in cooperatives from Świętokrzyskie province the decrease ensued. The cooperatives from group A were also characterized by three times higher level of average delivery of milk as well as the share in the purchase of extra class milk. In 2001 cooperatives Świętokrzyskie province incurred loss while group A cooperatives achieved increasing significant profit. The competitive strength of milk · deliverers is larger in a group of cooperatives in Świętokrzyskie province because those cooperatives do not achieve the cost advantage for the sake of the low concentration of the production. The biggest threat to dairy cooperatives is in the buyers' strong influence on the volume of sale and in buyers' possibility to change a cooperative delivering them dairy products. The level of competition's intensity in the scope of products offered by cooperatives was similar, highest in the case of milk, cheese, sour and sour cream and lowest in case of powder milk and butter. The necessity of covering large capital needs as well as difficulties in access to distribution channels were described as largest barriers to entry and considerable small barrier is the competitive activity of already existing enterprises. In the opinion of cooperatives' managers the possibility of appearing new substitutes of dairy products, except for butter, is low.
Cytowanie	Kowalczyk A., Wasilewski M. (2004) Ocena konkurencyjności spółdzielni mleczarskich.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 52: 47-62
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2004_n52_s47.pdf

Autor	Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Klasyfikacja zapasów i gospodarowanie nimi w podmiotach rolniczych
Title	The Classification and Management of Reserves in Farming Entities
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Abstract	In the paper the classification of reserves according to many criterions is presented. The attempt of defying uniform groups of reserves with highest and lowest level as regards the regularity of demand and the possibility of running low in different organizational and property forms of agricultural farms was made. Within all groups of farms the rising role of cooperation with deliverers of factors to the production on the basis of trade contracts was observed. Resources to the production were ordered in different ways depending on the groups of resources. The time of delivery realization was shortest in private farms (mainly for the sake of direct purchase). Reserves characterized by highest and lowest states as well as regard the possibility of running low, the regularity of demand and possibility of forecasting were di verse between the groups of farms. The management of reserves in different organizational and property forms of agricultural farms should be treated individually. The normative determination of levels of reserves' types is difficult. In private farms the situation is worsened by the little farmers' knowledge about possibilities of reserves' managing rationalization.
Cytowanie	Wasilewski M. (2004) Klasyfikacja zapasów i gospodarowanie nimi w podmiotach rolniczych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 54: 51-68
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2004_n54_s51.pdf

Autor	Sławomir Juszczyk
Tytuł	Organizacja i wyniki produkcyjno-ekonomiczne gospodarstw mlecznych z następcami
Title	The Organisation and Economical and Production Results in Milk Farms with Successors
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Abstract	The author suggests putting new index- - specialist identification successors. It is a quotient of number or participation of farms with the successors in the given specialization to number or participation farms with successors all in all - in the percentage expression. The research took place in the specialist milk farms of Central Macroregion in the years 1997-2001. The relationship between quantity of direct surplus from milk production in the farm and the index of specialist identification successors in milk production were observed in 2000. The bigger was this surplus, the bigger was the share of successors interested in continuation of milk production after talking over the farm. Moreover it was also observed, that the index of specialist identification successors increased with the increase of the number of cows in the farm. In the period 1997-2001 in the examined milk farms the quantity of the index of specialist identification successors was changing from 72.0% in the year 2001to79.2% in 2000.
Cytowanie	Juszczyk S. (2004) Organizacja i wyniki produkcyjno-ekonomiczne gospodarstw mlecznych z następcami.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 54: 43-50
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Autor	Wojciech Ciechomski
Tytuł	Polskie ogrodnictwo w obliczu międzynarodowej konkurencji
Title	Polish Horticulture in the Face of the International Competitiveness
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Abstract	The competitiveness of horticulture sector in Poland is decreasing due to the low productivity of factors to the production resulting :from the little and dispersed scale of production as well as :from the low level of vertical and horizontal integration of the majority of vegetable and orchard farms. Dispersed structure of the sector - reflected main1y in farms of small and medium area - impacts on the incapability to compete with food processing plants and retail net on the equal principles. There is the lack of visible and effective forms of cooperation, coordination, information and communication between different entities functioning in the production sector, food processing industry and market. It all bring about, that long-term ability to gaining profits and maintaining current position, active and effective rivalry on domestic and international markets is to a high degree threatened.
Cytowanie	Ciechomski W. (2004) Polskie ogrodnictwo w obliczu międzynarodowej konkurencji.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 54: 35-42
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2004_n54_s35.pdf