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Autor	Rolan Albornoz, Stanislava Kontsevaya, Svetlana Kontsevaya, Luboš Smutka
Tytuł	METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATION THE EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL LAND IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Title
Słowa kluczowe	land assets, economic efficiency, ecological efficiency, criteria, methods, soil quality
Key words
Abstrakt	Paper devoted estimation of the efficiency of agricultural land in the Russian Federation. Land is the main production factor in agriculture, hence it is important to know the effective usage of land. Land efficiency could be evaluated in different ways. In this paper, it was suggested to use as factors – feed units received from 1 ha arable land, amount of growing production in fair price in 1 ha, gross and net profit per 1 ha. Also, methodology suggested calculating potential yield and the potential cost of arable land, using a score of soil quality. The paper aims to suggest a methodology of economic efficiency. Case study base on agricultural company Kolos, Russia.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Albornoz R., Kontsevaya S., Kontsevaya S., Smutka L.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2021_n5_s56.pdf

Autor	Zuzana Bajusová, Ľudmila Dobošová, Ľubomír Gurčík, Jana Ladvenicová
Tytuł	FINANCIAL CONTROLLING AND LIQUIDITY MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC
Title
Słowa kluczowe	liquidity, indicators, agricultural companies, financial controlling
Key words
Abstrakt	Controlling as an in-house management system is not only focused on profit management and cost control,in a selected region of the Slovak Republic. Liquidity is the ability of a company to transform assets into money and pay its liabilities on time. Effective financial management is one of the basic tasks of financial control. The main source of information for this control is the financial statement of companies. Based on the data from the financial statements of agricultural enterprises operating in the Nitra Region, we quantified and evaluated the development of current, quick, and cash ratio liquidity, as well as credit less and corrected liquidity for the period 2015–2019. The Nitra Region is one of the regions where agricultural activity has favourable conditions for its development. We analysed a total of 149 farms. From the point of view of the legal form, agricultural cooperatives show more favourable results of ʽclassic’ and credit fewer liquidities in all years. On the contrary, from the point of view of the calculation of corrected liquidities, which take into account the binding of selected items of assets and liabilities, trading companies achieve better results than agricultural cooperatives.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Bajusová Z., Dobošová Ľ., Gurčík Ľ., Ladvenicová J.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2021_n5_s29.pdf

Autor	Stefaniia Belinska, Ondrej Beňuš, Peter Bielik, Miriam Buliková
Tytuł	EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF TAX POLICY ON THE ASSETS OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	agricultural enterprise, tax, tax burden, tax implications, tax policy
Key words
Abstrakt	Every taxpayer is obliged to pay tax on their profits, but if taxpayers feel that the government is opaque and ineffective with their taxes, their willingness to pay taxes is reduced. At the same time, the higher the tax rate for tax subjects, the lower their interest in paying taxes. The optimal tax burden should be a burden that encourages people to work and stimulate businesses to create value. Each state seeks to maximize tax revenues as part of its tax policy, while at the same time ensuring that the tax system does not interfere with the economy or negatively affect the business environment. The state strives to maintain the most optimal state tax system and to support the market economy and competitiveness. Therefore, the state must have a tax administration that can collect taxes efficiently, and consequently, the tax system in the state should be such that the redistribution of collected taxes will be as efficient and fair as possible. The main goal of the article is to examine the dependence of tax policy on the agricultural business economy and find an effective variant of enterprise income taxation, which should have a positive impact on the business activity and competitiveness of companies in the selected sector of the economy and such taxation still would be beneficial for the state. The article will also set out some hypotheses based on the gained theoretical knowledge, as well as on the set research question.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Belinska S., Beňuš O., Bielik P., Buliková M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2021_n5_s22.pdf

Autor	Lesia Voliak
Tytuł	Analytical assessment of sunflower production in ukraine
Title
Słowa kluczowe	sunflower, production, area, yield, market, profitability, index analysis
Key words
Abstrakt	The article considers the current state of sunflower production in Ukraine. The main indicators of the industry, the dynamics of changes in the area of sunflower crops, yield and profitability are analyzed. The main factors influencing the production of sunflower using index analysis have been studied. The regional structure of sunflower production is considered with the separation of groups of enterprises by organizational form. Ukrainian enterprises are provided with proposals to increase the level of industry development and production.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Voliak L.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2021_n16_s101.pdf

Autor	Elwira Laskowska, Kamil Stefański
Tytuł	Determinanty zróżnicowania regionalnego cen gruntów rolnych w Polsce
Title	Determinants of Regional Differentiation of Agricultural Land Prices in Poland
Słowa kluczowe	cena gruntów rolnych, zróżnicowanie regionalne, Polska
Key words	price of agricultural land, regional differentiation, Poland
Abstrakt	Celem badań zaprezentowanych w niniejszym artykule była próba wyjaśnienia regionalnego zróżnicowania cen gruntów ornych w Polsce w 2018 roku w aspekcie uwarunkowań przyrodniczo-ekonomicznych, wynikających zarówno z czynników charakteryzujących wielkość, strukturę i jakość gruntów, jak również poziomu rozwoju gospodarczego i potencjału rolniczego poszczególnych województw. W badaniach zastosowano analizę jakościową i ilościową danych statystycznych GUS. Wyniki przeprowadzonej analizy potwierdziły zróżnicowanie regionalne uwarunkowań przyrodniczo-ekonomicznych oraz poziomu cen i czynszów dzierżawnych na rynku gruntów rolnych w Polsce. Wśród zmiennych wyjaśniających zróżnicowanie cen gruntów znalazły się wskaźniki charakteryzujące jakość zasobu gruntów rolnych, ich dochodowość oraz potencjał rolniczy danego regionu.
Abstract	The aim of the research presented in this article was an attempt to explain the regional differentiation of arable land prices in 2018 in terms of natural and economic conditions, resulting both from factors characterizing the size, structure and quality of land, as well as the level of economic development and agricultural potential of individual voivodeships. The research used qualitative and quantitative analysis of Polish Statistical Office data. The results of the analysis carried out confirmed the regional differentiation of natural and economic conditions as well as the level of prices and rents on the agricultural land market in Poland. The variables explaining the differentiation in land prices include indicators characterizing the quality of the agricultural land resource, its profitability and the agricultural potential of a given region.
Cytowanie	Laskowska E., Stefański K. (2021) Determinanty zróżnicowania regionalnego cen gruntów rolnych w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 3: 41-54
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2021_T21(36)_n3_s41.pdf

Autor	Nazli Ceylan
Tytuł	Policy Assessment of Wheat Production in Turkey
Title	Policy Assessment of Wheat Production in Turkey
Słowa kluczowe	policy analysis matrix, wheat production, Turkey
Key words	policy analysis matrix, wheat production, Turkey
Abstrakt	Turkey plays a significant role in global wheat trade, importing wheat grain and exporting processed wheat products such as pasta, flour and biscuits. Wheat growing areas in Turkey have shown a decrease of about 10% over the last decade. Although an increase in yields keeps the production amount in balance, policies toward the wheat sector have reached a more critical point due to an increasing population and growing demand on the wheat flour sector. In this study, the profitability and sustainability of the sector were analyzed by using the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) approach, and by examining the effects of the policies that have been applied on the wheat market recently. According to the PAM results, domestic wheat prices are higher than world prices due to existing policies and the wheat sector is not competitive without support.
Abstract	Turkey plays a significant role in global wheat trade, importing wheat grain and exporting processed wheat products such as pasta, flour and biscuits. Wheat growing areas in Turkey have shown a decrease of about 10% over the last decade. Although an increase in yields keeps the production amount in balance, policies toward the wheat sector have reached a more critical point due to an increasing population and growing demand on the wheat flour sector. In this study, the profitability and sustainability of the sector were analyzed by using the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) approach, and by examining the effects of the policies that have been applied on the wheat market recently. According to the PAM results, domestic wheat prices are higher than world prices due to existing policies and the wheat sector is not competitive without support.
Cytowanie	Ceylan N. (2020) Policy Assessment of Wheat Production in Turkey.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 20(35), z. 2: 4-11
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2020_T20(35)_n2_s4.pdf

Autor	Mekonnen Yitayaw
Tytuł	Effect of Outreach on Financial Sustainability and Profitability of Saving and Credit Cooperatives in Eastern Ethiopia
Title	Effect of Outreach on Financial Sustainability and Profitability of Saving and Credit Cooperatives in Eastern Ethiopia
Słowa kluczowe	Eastern Ethiopia; financial sustainability; outreach; profitability; SACCOs
Key words	Eastern Ethiopia; financial sustainability; outreach; profitability; SACCOs
Abstrakt	This study scrutinized the effect of outreach on financial sustainability and profitability of SACCOs in Eastern Ethiopia using balanced panel data from 33 SACCOs over the period of 2017-2019. Quantitative approach and explanatory design were employed to realize the stated objective. This study used secondary data sources, mainly audited financial statement of the SACCOs, in the study period. The analysis revealed that SACCOs in Eastern Ethiopia are profitable but not financially sustainable. Random effect model results show that gross loan to asset ratio, yield on gross loan portfolio, managerial and operational efficiency has statistically significant and positive effect on the financial sustainability of SACCOs, while average loan size has statistically significant but negative effect. Likewise, gross loan to asset ratio, managerial efficiency, and average loan size has statistically significant and positive effect on the profitability of SACCOs in Eastern Ethiopia. However, the portion of women borrowers and number of active borrowers has statistically significant but negative effect on the profitability of the SACCOs in the study area. Finally, the study suggests that increasing the number of borrowing clients and sales volume (loan portfolio) could benefit SACCOs in Eastern Ethiopia from economics of scale.
Abstract	This study scrutinized the effect of outreach on financial sustainability and profitability of SACCOs in Eastern Ethiopia using balanced panel data from 33 SACCOs over the period of 2017-2019. Quantitative approach and explanatory design were employed to realize the stated objective. This study used secondary data sources, mainly audited financial statement of the SACCOs, in the study period. The analysis revealed that SACCOs in Eastern Ethiopia are profitable but not financially sustainable. Random effect model results show that gross loan to asset ratio, yield on gross loan portfolio, managerial and operational efficiency has statistically significant and positive effect on the financial sustainability of SACCOs, while average loan size has statistically significant but negative effect. Likewise, gross loan to asset ratio, managerial efficiency, and average loan size has statistically significant and positive effect on the profitability of SACCOs in Eastern Ethiopia. However, the portion of women borrowers and number of active borrowers has statistically significant but negative effect on the profitability of the SACCOs in the study area. Finally, the study suggests that increasing the number of borrowing clients and sales volume (loan portfolio) could benefit SACCOs in Eastern Ethiopia from economics of scale.
Cytowanie	Yitayaw M. (2020) Effect of Outreach on Financial Sustainability and Profitability of Saving and Credit Cooperatives in Eastern Ethiopia.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 20(35), z. 2: 51-69
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2020_T20(35)_n2_s51.pdf

Autor	Małgorzata Błażejowska
Tytuł	Social entrepreneurship in rural areas as illustrated by social cooperatives in Poland’s Masovian Voivodeship
Title	Funkcjonowanie przedsiębiorczości społecznej na obszarach wiejskich na przykładzie spółdzielni socjalnych województwa mazowieckiego
Słowa kluczowe	social cooperatives, rural areas, Masovian Voivodeship
Key words	spółdzielnie socjalne, obszary wiejskie, woj. Mazowieckie
Abstrakt	This paper aims to present the social cooperative movement in Poland’s rural areas as illustrated by social cooperatives operating in rural communes of the Masovian Voivodeship. Of the 32 units operating at least since 2014, only 10 have remained on the market. Based on the National Court Register data, the study examined activity profiles, employment levels, activity periods, founding entities and financial situations by using the method of indicators of dynamics and return on sales (ROS). Cooperatives were selected with regard to the legal nature of their founders in order to indicate any differences. The cooperatives established by legal persons had a stable financial situation in the case of 80% of the analysed entities. All of them recorded an increase in revenues in comparison to the year before and 80% of them reported a profit and a positive ROS. 80% of the entities established by natural persons generated a loss from conducted activities and a negative ROS in the last three years of conducted activities. The research results showed that the greatest chances for development were found in cooperatives that were established by legal persons and which rendered services of general interest.
Abstract	Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie przedsiębiorczości społecznej na obszarach wiejskich na przykładzie spółdzielni socjalnych mających siedzibę w gminach wiejskich woj. mazowieckiego. Ustalono, że spośród 32 jednostek funkcjonujących co najmniej od 2014 roku, na rynku utrzymało się tylko 10. Na podstawie danych z KRS zbadano profil działalności, poziom zatrudnienia, okres prowadzenia działalności, podmioty założycielskie oraz sytuację finansową przy wykorzystaniu metody indeksów dynamiki oraz wskaźnika rentowności sprzedaży (ROS). Wyodrębniono spółdzielnie pod względem podmiotowości prawnej założycieli, celem wskazania różnic. Wśród podmiotów założonych przez osoby prawne występuje stabilna sytuacja finansowa dla 80% analizowanych jednostek. We wszystkich z nich nastąpił wzrost przychodów w porównaniu do roku ubiegłego a 80% z nich odnotowała zysk oraz dodatni ROS. Spośród spółdzielni założonych przez osoby fizyczne 80% wykazało stratę z prowadzonej działalności oraz ujemny ROS w trzech ostatnich latach prowadzonej działalności. Wyniki badań wykazały, że największe szanse na rozwój mają spółdzielnie socjalne założone przez osoby prawne i świadczące usługi użyteczności publicznej.
Cytowanie	Błażejowska M. (2020) Social entrepreneurship in rural areas as illustrated by social cooperatives in Poland’s Masovian Voivodeship .Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 24(73): 20-30
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2020_n73_s20.pdf

Autor	Andrii Doronin, Olena Polishchuk, Vitalii Vitalii
Tytuł	Ecological-economical aspects of the use of nutritiousresidues of agricultural crops in various business entities
Title
Słowa kluczowe	food economy, elements of nutrition, renewable sources of energy, bio-fuel, straw,granules, ecology, efficiency, competitive ability
Key words
Abstrakt	The paper covers the analysis of the development of the crop output market inUkraine which ensures both food security of the country and the production of alternative fuel.The preconditions of negative changes in agriculture of Ukraine were studied. High profitabilityof corn and sunflower production encourages producers to increase their sown areas. Theanalysis of the production of some agricultural crops was made in the years of 2000–2019.The challenge of the use of nutritious residues of agricultural crops is discussed in the paper.The estimation of the production efficiency of some kinds of agricultural products at farmenterprises of Ukraine for the period of 2009–2019 was made. Some ecological-economicalaspects of the use of nutritious residues of agricultural crops to balance mineral crop nutritionand to manufacture bio-fuel were suggested.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Doronin A., Polishchuk O., Vitalii V.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2020_n14_s81.pdf

Autor	Heorhiy Cherevko, Iryna Cherevko
Tytuł	Efficiency of Niche Agriculture in Ukraine
Title	Efficiency of Niche Agriculture in Ukraine
Słowa kluczowe	niche agriculture, efficiency, prospects and barriers to development
Key words	niche agriculture, efficiency, prospects and barriers to development
Abstrakt	The deepening of the dualization of Ukraine's agriculture into "large" and "small" producers force the latters to search opportunities for competitive opposition to the firsts by intensive development of niche agriculture. The purpose of the study is to present the efficiency of niche agriculture in Ukraine, describing the main features of this branch and anticipating prospects and barriers to stable development. There are few scientific publications on this topic so far, so their use in the study was quite limited. Materials of specialized scientific conferences and publications of materials of practitioners are more widely used. The research methodology includes general methods (monographic, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, scientific generalization and abstraction) as well as economic research methods (comparisons, indexes). The results show, that niche agriculture in Ukraine is especially relevant for small farms, which can increase profitability not because of the number of products, but because of its niche character. Niche agriculture has advantages and disadvantages, so there is no reason to absolutize it as a panacea for all the problems of the small producers. The barriers to develop niche agriculture in Ukraine: the lack of the culture of consumption, of technology and of knowledge of niche products marketing.
Abstract	The deepening of the dualization of Ukraine's agriculture into "large" and "small" producers force the latters to search opportunities for competitive opposition to the firsts by intensive development of niche agriculture. The purpose of the study is to present the efficiency of niche agriculture in Ukraine, describing the main features of this branch and anticipating prospects and barriers to stable development. There are few scientific publications on this topic so far, so their use in the study was quite limited. Materials of specialized scientific conferences and publications of materials of practitioners are more widely used. The research methodology includes general methods (monographic, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, scientific generalization and abstraction) as well as economic research methods (comparisons, indexes). The results show, that niche agriculture in Ukraine is especially relevant for small farms, which can increase profitability not because of the number of products, but because of its niche character. Niche agriculture has advantages and disadvantages, so there is no reason to absolutize it as a panacea for all the problems of the small producers. The barriers to develop niche agriculture in Ukraine: the lack of the culture of consumption, of technology and of knowledge of niche products marketing.
Cytowanie	Cherevko H., Cherevko I. (2020) Efficiency of Niche Agriculture in Ukraine.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 20(35), z. 4: 18-28
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2020_T20(35)_n4_s18.pdf

Autor	Jurij Klapkiv
Tytuł	GLOBAL AREAS OF AGRARIAN BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT
Title
Słowa kluczowe	food security, pandemic, poverty, reduction of profitability, strategic development goals, global environment, food security indicators, consumer price index
Key words
Abstrakt	The following research methods are used to achieve this goal: theoretical synthesis, analysis, abstract and logical - to reveal the relationship of the global food crisis in the context of achieving food security goals; interpretation and comparison - to determine the prospects for improving food security; tabular and graphical - for a visual representation of food security in the world. It has been established that food security is an objective necessity for human development. Its provision is a guarantee of regular access of the population to high-quality food necessary for leading an active and healthy life. Taking into account the analysed indicators of food security, reserves have been identified for improving the growth of food security in the strategy of sustainable development of Ukraine and the world. A cumulative interrelated analysis of pandemic and post-pandemic poverty growth, declining profitability, and price differentiation in food security has been conducted. The assessment of divergent changes in the food sector of Ukraine and other countries is carried out taking into account the challenges of the environmental environment. The results of the study on food security can be used in the management of the economy and the agro-industrial sector as one of the goals of sustainable development.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Klapkiv J.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2020_n4_s61.pdf

Autor	Agnieszka Cyburt, Agnieszka Gałecka
Tytuł	THE EFFICIENCY OF PRODUCTION FACTORS ON AGRICULTURAL FARMS OF THE VISEGRAD GROUP
Title	Efektywność wykorzystania czynników produkcji w gospodarstwach rolniczych państw grupy wyszehradzkiej
Słowa kluczowe	effectiveness, agricultural farms, FADN, Visegrad Group
Key words	efektywność, gospodarstwa rolne, FADN, grupa Wyszehradzka
Abstrakt	The objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the use of production factors on farms of the Visegrad Group countries. The research covered farms participating in the European system for collecting accounting data from FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network) farms. Under the main objective, an assessment was made of the productivity and profitability of land, labour and capital. The research period covered the years 2014-2017. Based on the analyses that was conducted, it was found that the most effective use of land resources was on farms in Hungary and Poland, and the least effective in Slovakia. Considering labour and capital productivity, the highest results were achieved by farms in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, while the lowest by Polish farms. On the other hand, Hungarian farms were characterized by the highest profitability of labour and return on assets, where the analysed indicators were higher than the EU average.
Abstract	Celem opracowania było określenie efektywności wykorzystania czynników produkcji w gospodarstwach rolniczych państw Grupy Wyszehradzkiej. Badaniami objęte zostały gospodarstwa uczestniczące w europejskim systemie zbierania danych rachunkowych z gospodarstw rolnych FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network). W ramach celu głównego dokonano oceny produktywności i dochodowości ziemi, pracy i kapitału. Okres badawczy obejmował lata 2014-2017. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych analiz stwierdzono, że najefektywniej zasoby ziemi były wykorzystywane na Węgrzech i w Polsce, zaś najmniej efektywnie na Słowacji. Biorąc pod uwagę produktywność pracy i kapitału najwyższe wyniki osiągnęły gospodarstwa z Czech i Słowacji, zaś najniższe gospodarstwa polskie. Natomiast najwyższą dochodowością pracy i majątku charakteryzowały się gospodarstw węgierskie, gdzie analizowane wskaźniki były wyższe od średniej w UE.
Cytowanie	Cyburt A., Gałecka A. (2020) THE EFFICIENCY OF PRODUCTION FACTORS ON AGRICULTURAL FARMS OF THE VISEGRAD GROUP.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 24(73): 70-80
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2020_n73_s70.pdf

Autor	Barbara Kiełbasa, Daniela Popa, Aliona Sargo, Mariusz Trojak
Tytuł	New Approaches to Developing the Integral Indicator Methodology for Estimating the Financial Efficiency of Agricultural Entities in Poland, the Republic of Moldova, and EU Countries
Title	New Approaches to Developing the Integral Indicator Methodology for Estimating the Financial Efficiency of Agricultural Entities in Poland, the Republic of Moldova, and EU Countries
Słowa kluczowe	agro-sector, European Union, correlation and regression, financial efficiency, food product, financial economy, productivity & profitability, resource efficiency
Key words	agro-sector, European Union, correlation and regression, financial efficiency, food product, financial economy, productivity & profitability, resource efficiency
Abstrakt	Economic literature pays a great deal of attention to economic and financial efficiency, expressed in terms of competition, concentration, productivity and profitability. This paper provides an all-embracing framework for the various existing theories in this area and illustrates these theories with practical applications. Currently, changing the size of the production potential in agricultural units in the Republic of Moldova depends to a great extent on the influence of different trends in the modification of production resources: the reduction of labor resources and agricultural land, quantitative and qualitative changes in fixed assets, and in current assets, etc.The notion of resource potential means the totality of the volume of all resources (natural, labor, material, intellectual, information, etc.) on specific enterprises, territories, branches, regions. Evaluating a broad field of research, the paper describes profit maximizing food products and demonstrates how several widely-used products can be fit into this framework. The authors also present an overview of the current major trends in the food sector and relate them to the assumptions for food products, thereby displaying their relevance and timeliness. The results include a set of recommendations for future research on this topic.The design, methodology and approach of this research is to explain why efficiency can help obtain a profit surplus, and to measure this efficiency. For quality of methodology we apply a range of statistical methods, as well as the strategic capability of organisations – made up of resources and competences. One way to approach the stategic capability of an organisation is to consider its strengths and weaknesses (for example, where it has a competitive advantage, profit, efficiency or disadvantage). Based on our research and results, we sought to understand the concepts of financial effciency and to apply these concepts to practical situations. At the start of each analysis entrepreneurship plays an important role. Most organisations have to innovate constantly to obtain profit and efficiency for food products. They need to be first into a market, or simply a follower of customers in developing new products and services. Original studies in Moldova and Poland regarding farm concentration in terms of Gini Coefficient, Gini Index and Concentration Index of the utilized agricultural area. Original calculus formula to determine the Concentration Index of the UAA for the top 10% largest farms in Moldova and UK.
Abstract	Economic literature pays a great deal of attention to economic and financial efficiency, expressed in terms of competition, concentration, productivity and profitability. This paper provides an all-embracing framework for the various existing theories in this area and illustrates these theories with practical applications. Currently, changing the size of the production potential in agricultural units in the Republic of Moldova depends to a great extent on the influence of different trends in the modification of production resources: the reduction of labor resources and agricultural land, quantitative and qualitative changes in fixed assets, and in current assets, etc.The notion of resource potential means the totality of the volume of all resources (natural, labor, material, intellectual, information, etc.) on specific enterprises, territories, branches, regions. Evaluating a broad field of research, the paper describes profit maximizing food products and demonstrates how several widely-used products can be fit into this framework. The authors also present an overview of the current major trends in the food sector and relate them to the assumptions for food products, thereby displaying their relevance and timeliness. The results include a set of recommendations for future research on this topic.The design, methodology and approach of this research is to explain why efficiency can help obtain a profit surplus, and to measure this efficiency. For quality of methodology we apply a range of statistical methods, as well as the strategic capability of organisations – made up of resources and competences. One way to approach the stategic capability of an organisation is to consider its strengths and weaknesses (for example, where it has a competitive advantage, profit, efficiency or disadvantage). Based on our research and results, we sought to understand the concepts of financial effciency and to apply these concepts to practical situations. At the start of each analysis entrepreneurship plays an important role. Most organisations have to innovate constantly to obtain profit and efficiency for food products. They need to be first into a market, or simply a follower of customers in developing new products and services. Original studies in Moldova and Poland regarding farm concentration in terms of Gini Coefficient, Gini Index and Concentration Index of the utilized agricultural area. Original calculus formula to determine the Concentration Index of the UAA for the top 10% largest farms in Moldova and UK.
Cytowanie	Kiełbasa B., Popa D., Sargo A., Trojak M. (2019) New Approaches to Developing the Integral Indicator Methodology for Estimating the Financial Efficiency of Agricultural Entities in Poland, the Republic of Moldova, and EU Countries.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 4: 103-112
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n4_s103.pdf

Autor	Nadiia Davydenko, Yuliia Nehoda, Iryna Tytarchuk, Natalia Wasilewska
Tytuł	Mechanizm zapewnienia zrównoważonego finansowania przedsiębiorstw rolnych
Title	MECHANISM OF ENSURING FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
Słowa kluczowe	stabilność finansowa, przedsiębiorstwa rolnicze, bezpieczeństwo finansowe, sektor rolno-przemysłowy, stabilny rozwój przedsiębiorstw, rentowność
Key words	financial sustainability, agricultural enterprises, financial security, agricultural-industrial sector, stable development of enterprises, profitability
Abstrakt	Celem badań jest wskazanie teoretycznych i metodycznych podejść do określania stabilności finansowej przedsiębiorstw rolnych. Przeanalizowano światowe i krajowe doświadczenia w określaniu stabilności finansowej podmiotów prowadzących działalność rolniczo-przemysłową, a także czynniki wpływające na kształtowanie stabilności finansowej na poziomie regionalnym oraz w grupach przedsiębiorstw rolnych. Istnieje specyfika mechanizmu stabilności finansowej przedsiębiorstw rolnych. Głównym celem mechanizmu zapewniającego stabilność finansową jest osiągnięcie bezpieczeństwa finansowego, stabilności funkcjonowania i rozwoju. Metoda oferuje wykorzystanie kompleksu wskaźników, które są ściśle powiązane i określają status ekonomiczny oraz zdolność finansową do kontynuowania działalności przedsiębiorstwa i badania stabilności finansowej przedsiębiorstwa.
Abstract	The aim of the research is summing up and improving theoretical and methodical approaches to determination of financial sustainability of agricultural enterprises. World and national experience of financial sustainability determination of entrepreneurial activities subjects were analyzed and summarized as well as system impact factors on formation of financial sustainability on the regional level and the group of agricultural enterprises level were examined. There are considerable formation specifics of the financial sustainability mechanism of agricultural enterprises. It means that main target of mechanism to ensure financial sustainability is to achieve financial security, their work stability and development today and in future. The method offers using complex of indicators that are closely connected with each other and define economic status and financial ability to continue enterprise activities and examine financial sustainability of an enterprise. The implementation of this approach to determine financial sustainability will increase the information background for further analyzation of financial opportunities.
Cytowanie	Davydenko N., Nehoda Y., Tytarchuk I., Wasilewska N. (2019) Mechanizm zapewnienia zrównoważonego finansowania przedsiębiorstw rolnych.Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 106, z. 1: 7-21
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2019_n1_s7.pdf

Autor	Piotr Gabryjończyk, Iryna Kudinova
Tytuł	Motives for undertaking rural tourism activity and its economic and social benefits– comparison of Polish and Ukrainian theoretical perspective
Title
Słowa kluczowe	rural tourism, rural territories, motives, economic and social benefits
Key words
Abstrakt	The paper presents a comparison of the Polish and Ukrainian theoretical approaches to the motives for undertaking tourism activity in rural areas and its economic and social benefits. Based on the review of the Polish and Ukrainian literature of the subject, it presents the reasons for development of tourism in rural areas presented in both countries, the perceived profits associated with it, as well as the tasks of local administration expected in supporting it. A model of the overall impact of tourism (including rural tourism) on economic development was also presented for both countries. Finally conclusions were presented, regarding similarities and differences in approach to the above issues in both countries, as well as the resulting opportunities for cooperation.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Gabryjończyk P., Kudinova I.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2019_n12_s33.pdf

Autor	Kinga Cichocka, Dawid Olewnicki
Tytuł	Ocena kondycji ekonomiczno-finansowej przedsiębiorstwa produkującego i sprzedającego rośliny ozdobne
Title	EVALUATION OF THE ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL CONDITION OF AN ENTERPRISE PRODUCING AND SELLING ORNAMENTAL PLANTS
Słowa kluczowe	rośliny ozdobne, produkcja szklarniowa, analiza ekonomiczno-finansowa
Key words	ornamental plants, greenhouse production, economic and financial analysis
Abstrakt	Celem opracowania była ocena kondycji ekonomiczno-finansowej wybranego przedsiębiorstwa produkującego i sprzedającego rośliny ozdobne w latach 2010-2016. Dokonano oceny struktury aktywów i pasywów oraz wskaźników zadłużenia, rentowności (ROA i ROE) oraz płynności bieżącej (CR – I stopnia) i szybkiej (QR – II stopnia). Wielkości wskaźników obliczonych na podstawie danych zawartych w sprawozdaniach finansowych nie wykazały istotnie niepokojących zjawisk. W latach 2014-2016 spółka osiągała satysfakcjonujący poziom wskaźnika ROA, tj. wyższy niż poziom inflacji, oraz wskaźnika ROE, którego wartość nie spadła poniżej 9,56%.
Abstract	The aim of the study was to assess the financial and economic situation of the company specialized in producing and selling ornamental plants in 2010-2016. The structure of assets, liabilities and the following indicators: debt, profitability, current liquidity (CR), quick liquidity (QR) were analyzed. The analysis based on the financial statements data did not reveal any significant or alarming threats. The values of selected indicators mostly did not deviate from the norm considerably. In the last three years the company achieved a satisfactory level of ROA, i.e. higher than the level of inflation and ROE, which value did not fall below 10%.
Cytowanie	Cichocka K., Olewnicki D. (2019) Ocena kondycji ekonomiczno-finansowej przedsiębiorstwa produkującego i sprzedającego rośliny ozdobne.Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 106, z. 1: 87-96
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2019_n1_s87.pdf

Autor	Małgorzata Rówińska
Tytuł	Dylematy wokół wykorzystania sprawozdania z całkowitych dochodów do oceny sytuacji finansowej przedsiębiorstw
Title	USE OF STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Słowa kluczowe	rentowność, analiza rentowności, sprawozdanie z całkowitych dochodów
Key words	profitability, profitability analyses, statement of comprehensive income
Abstrakt	Informacje o wynikach działalności jednostek gospodarczych, sporządzających sprawozdanie finansowej według MSSF, prezentowane są w sprawozdaniu z całkowitych dochodów. Całkowite dochody obejmują elementy kształtujące wynik finansowy (przychody i koszty) oraz inne całkowite dochody. Sposób prezentacji tych kategorii jest mało przejrzysty, zwłaszcza w kontekście wykorzystania informacji na potrzeby analizy rentowności. Na przykładzie sprawozdań finansowych wybranych spółek wskazano, jak sposób prezentacji informacji może zniekształcić postrzeganie sytuacji finansowej podmiotu.
Abstract	The information on the results of operations of business entities drawing up the financial statements on the basis of the IFRS, is presented in a statement of comprehensive incomes. Comprehensive income includes the elements affecting the financial result (revenues and costs) as well as other, comprehensive incomes. The manner of presenting those categories is not very clear, especially in terms of using the information for profitability analyses. It has been indicated, with the example of the financial statements of the selected companies, how the manner of presenting information may distort the perception of the financial condition of an entity.
Cytowanie	Rówińska M. (2019) Dylematy wokół wykorzystania sprawozdania z całkowitych dochodów do oceny sytuacji finansowej przedsiębiorstw.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 21(70): 211-219
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2019_n70_s211.pdf

Autor	Jarosław Mielcarek
Tytuł	Trzy podstawowe twierdzenia Target Costing o punktach krytycznych
Title	THREE BASIC THEOREMS OF TARGET COSTING ABOUT CRITICAL POINTS
Słowa kluczowe	wdrażanie inwencji rolniczej, sukces finansowy, strategiczny model, dyskontowy model symulacyjny, rola diagnostyczna TC, rola wspomagająca podejmowanie decyzji TC
Key words	agriculture invention implementation, financial success, strategic model, discount simulation model, agriculture invention, TC diagnostic role, TC decision-making role
Abstrakt	Celem artykułu było rozwiązanie dwóch problemów: czy dla trzech wyróżnionych punktów krytycznych czyli jednostkowego kosztu dopuszczalnego, nakładów inwestycyjnych dopuszczalnych i dopuszczalnej ceny za najnowszą technologię można sformułować twierdzenia ściśle ogólne, które w poprzedniku okresów warunkowych zawierają założenia (warunki), dla których w ich następniku wskaźniki finansowe osiągają wielkości oznaczające uzyskanie sukcesu finansowego w wyniku wdrożenia inwencji, oraz czy jest możliwe zastosowanie trzech podstawowych twierdzeń TC do badania opłacalności przedsięwzięć innowacyjnych, polegających na wdrożeniu inwencji w rolnictwie. Takie twierdzenia, pełniące rolę diagnostyczną i wspomagającą podejmowanie decyzji zostały sformułowane. Rozwiązano również drugi problem w wyniku określenia dla fazy przedprodukcyjnej wdrożenia nowoczesnej szklarni do produkcji pomidorów w ruchu ciągłym, że za pomocą trzech podstawowych twierdzeń TC można sprawdzić, czy spełnione są warunki osiągnięcia sukcesu finansowego i na tej podstawie podjąć poprawną decyzję o wdrożeniu tej inwencji. Głównymi narzędziami badawczymi były trzy modele strategiczne wdrożenia tej inwencji, które jednocześnie były dyskontowymi modelami symulacyjnymi. Zastosowano również dodatki Excela Szukaj wyniku i Solver.
Abstract	The aim of the article was to solve two problems: whether for three critical points, i.e. a unit allowable cost, allowable investment outlays and an allowable price for the latest technology, it is possible to formulate strictly general theorems which in the predecessor of conditional periods contain assumptions (conditions) for which in their successor financial ratios reach values, meaning financial success achievement as a result of the implementation of the invention, and whether it is possible to apply the three TC basic theorems to the analysis of the profitability of innovative projects, based on the implementation of inventions in agriculture. Such theorems, performing the diagnostic role and supporting decision-making were formulated. The second problem was also solved for the pre-production phase of the implementation of a modern greenhouse for continuous tomato production, that with three basic TC theorems it is possible to test whether the conditions for achieving financial success are met and, on this basis, make the correct decision to implement this invention. The main research tools were three strategic models of implementation of this invention, which were also discount simulation models. Excel What, if and Solver adds-inn were also applied.
Cytowanie	Mielcarek J. (2019) Trzy podstawowe twierdzenia Target Costing o punktach krytycznych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 21(70): 186-201
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2019_n70_s186.pdf

Autor	Agata Marcysiak, Adam Marcysiak
Tytuł	Zarządzanie majątkiem jednostek gospodarczych o różnym profilu produkcji
Title	MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC ASSETS WITH VARIOUS PRODUCTION PROFILES
Słowa kluczowe	ocena zarządzania majątkiem, kierowanie jednostką gospodarczą, aktywa trwałe i obrotowe, profil produkcji.
Key words	assessment of asset management, management of the economic unit, fixed and current assets, production profile.
Abstrakt	Celem niniejszego opracowania jest próba ukazania zakresu zarzadzania majątkiem podmiotów gospodarczych o różnym profilu produkcji. Materiałem badawczym były dane o gospodarstwach charakteryzujących się zróżnicowanym profilem produkcji, które w 2017 roku prowadziły rachunkowość rolną w ramach polskiego FADN. Poszczególne wielkości ukazano w przeliczeniu na jedno gospodarstwo w zł. Skalę zróżnicowania analizowano w podziale na osiem typów rolniczych. Majątek gospodarstwa przedstawiono w podziale na aktywa trwałe i obrotowe. Rozpatrywanym parametrem oceny sprawności zarządzania majątkiem była efektywność wykorzystania zasobów. Najwyższym poziomem produktywności i dochodowości kapitału odznaczały się gospodarstwa drobiarskie i ogrodnicze. Wysokim poziomem produktywności i dochodowości pracy odznaczały się gospodarstwa nastawione na chów krów mlecznych i trzody chlewnej. O jakości zarządzania podmiotu gospodarczego informuje także jego kondycja finansowa. Jej syntetycznym wskaźnikiem jest rentowność kapitału własnego ROE. Wśród analizowanych gospodarstw najwyższą dodatnią rentownością kapitału własnego odznaczały się gospodarstwa drobiarskie. Wielkość wskaźnika ROE wynosiła tutaj 14,74%. Na nieco niższym poziomie kształtował się on w gospodarstwach, gdzie dominującą produkcją był chów krów mlecznych i trzody chlewnej. Dodatnią rentownością odznaczały się jeszcze gospodarstwa ogrodnicze.
Abstract	The aim of this study is to show the scope of asset management of business entities with different production profiles. The research material was data on farms characterized by diversified production profile, which in 2017 conducted agricultural accounting under the Polish FADN. Individual sizes are shown per one household in PLN. The scale of diversification was analyzed by eight types of farming. The property of the holding is presented broken down into non-current and current assets. The efficiency of resource utilization was considered as the parameter of assessing the efficiency of asset management. Poultry and gardening farms were characterized by the highest level of productivity and profitability of capital. Farms with milk cows and pigs were characterized by a high level of productivity and profitability of work. The financial condition of the business entity also informs its financial condition. Its synthetic indicator is the profitability of ROE's equity. Among the analyzed farms, poultry farms showed the highest positive return on equity. The value of ROE was 14.74% here. At a slightly lower level, it was shaped on farms where the dominant production was dairy cows and pigs rearing. Gardening farms also had a positive profitability.
Cytowanie	Marcysiak A., Marcysiak A. (2019) Zarządzanie majątkiem jednostek gospodarczych o różnym profilu produkcji.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 21(70): 132-145
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2019_n70_s132.pdf

Autor	Raisa Kozhukhіvska, Vitalii Rybchak, Оlena Sakovska
Tytuł	Using of modern information and communication technologiesin the tourism
Title
Słowa kluczowe	tourism, consumer, Internet, information technologies, Internet service
Key words
Abstrakt	The importance of modern information and communication technologies in the economic and social life has steadily increased. The Internet creates new opportunities to provide services and meet needs. Tourism enterprises are interested in making a big profit from their sales and want the customers to give their preferences to them. The article deals with the peculiarities of Internet use by the tourism services consumers. Determined that the compared to traditional advertising technologies, Internet makes it possible to provide a dialogue with the consumer, to establish feedback and, in terms of investment, it is much cheape. The data representing the social characteristics of the sphere of Ukrainian Internet consumers are generalized. The main reasons and motives for making online purchases by tourism services consumers are indicated. The barriers that hinder the further development of Internet commerce and the promotion of online tourism services have been identified. Quantitative and qualitative research on the use of tourism Internet services in Ukraine has been carried out.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Kozhukhіvska R., Rybchak V., Sakovska О.
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Pełny tekst	TIRR_2019_n11_s97.pdf