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Autor	Stanisław Stańko
Tytuł	Tendencje w produkcji, konsumpcji i handlu zagranicznym na rynku mleka i jego artykułów w latach 1990-2005
Title	Tendencies in production, consumption and Polish foreign trade in milk and dairy products in years 1990-2005
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Key words	Polish foreign trade, milk and dairy products
Abstrakt
Abstract	Production, consumption and Polish foreign trade in milk and dairy products in years 1990- 2005 have been presented. In the analysed period growing trends in production of dairy products, foreign trade and consumption of cheese were observed, moreover, decreasing consumption of butter and milk have been recorded. Since 1991 the Polish trade balance in dairy products remained positive. In 2005 total milk and dairy products export reached 880 millions EUR and import was 98,6 millions EUR. The EU countries become the most significant purchasers of Polish dairy products. In 2005 they reached more than 75% share in the total value of Polish dairy exports (in 2001 share this share was 26,9% and 40,5% in 2003).
Cytowanie	Stańko S. (2006) Tendencje w produkcji, konsumpcji i handlu zagranicznym na rynku mleka i jego artykułów w latach 1990-2005.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 15, z. : 357-368
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2006_T15_n_s357.pdf

Autor	Agnieszka Sobolewska
Tytuł	Ekonomiczna efektywność ośrodka jeździeckiego na terenach wiejskich
Title	Economic efficiency of a horse riding centre situated in the rural areas
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Key words	horse riding centre, economic efficiency, profit
Abstrakt
Abstract	A horse riding centre with 13 owned and 17 boarded horses made in 2005 a profit of 60,390 PLN. In winter costs were higher than revenues. In summer, the reverse was true. The difference between the seasons was considerable. The purchases of forage and employment of a horse riding instructor were the largest cost components.
Cytowanie	Sobolewska A. (2006) Ekonomiczna efektywność ośrodka jeździeckiego na terenach wiejskich.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 15, z. : 77-83
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2006_T15_n_s77.pdf

Autor	Roman Sass
Tytuł	Wpływ zadłużenia na efektywność produkcji i kapitału w gospodarstwach specjalizujących się w produkcji mleka
Title	THE INFLUENCE OF BORROWINGS ON THE EFFICIENCY OF PRODUCTION AND CAPITAL AT FARMS SPECIALIZING IN MILK PRODUCTION
Słowa kluczowe	zadłużenie, skala produkcji, gospodarstwa mleczne, produkcja, dochody, efektywność kapitału, efektywność produkcji, inwestycje, płynność finansowa
Key words	borrowings, scale of production, dairy farms, production, incomes, capital efficiency, efficiency of production, investments, financial liquidity
Abstrakt	Ocenę sytuacji ekonomicznej prowadzono w gospodarstwach, w których dominującym kierunkiem była produkcja mleka. Do badań wykorzystano dane z gospodarstw prowadzących rachunkowość rolną w 2003 roku z terenu całego kraju. Analizowane gospodarstwa podzielono na sześć grup w zależności od poziomu zadłużenia, mierzonego wskaźnikiem zadłużenia (całkowite zadłużenie do kapitału ogółem).
Abstract	The subject master of the studies there were farms specialized in milk production (type 411 milk cows according to the European Union’s classification, in which the influence of the level of borrowings on income of a farm and efficiency of production, assets and own capital were analyzed. Comparisons made in groups of different level of borrowings measured with a liability ratio (total borrowings to the capital expressed in%. The following groups of farms were established: up to 10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, 50 and more percent of borrowings. The conducted studies showed, that both with the increase of borrowings, and the production and incomes of examined farms increase for about 70 up to 80%. However, the increase of borrowings results in a quicker increase of efficiency of own capital than the increase of production and incomes. The efficiency of the capital in a group of farms of borrowings higher than 50% was 2,5 times higher than in a group of farms of the lowest borrowings (below 10% and amounted to 21,91%). The efficiency of the own capital in a group of farms of the lowest scale of production, considerably exceeds interest rate of bonds of long-term investments. It shows, that running farms of an appropriate scale of production is efficient and may ensure good remuneration of own work, return on the invested capital and performance bonus for taking the risk of running a farm. It also results from the studies, that the purchase of the basic and rotary stock shortly before accession to the EU was the basic direction of investing at dairy farms.
Cytowanie	Sass R. (2006) Wpływ zadłużenia na efektywność produkcji i kapitału w gospodarstwach specjalizujących się w produkcji mleka .Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria G, t. 93, z. 1: 74-82
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2006_n1_s74.pdf

Autor	Andrzej Parzonko
Tytuł	Możliwości rozwojowe gospodarstw ukierunkowanych na produkcję mleka
Title	THE POSSIBILITIES AND ECONOMICAL EXPLANATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF DAIRY DIRECTED FARMS
Słowa kluczowe	ekonomika produkcji mleka, skala produkcji, koszty produkcji, dochód z gospodarstwa, inwestycje
Key words	milk production economics, production scale, farm profit
Abstrakt	W opracowaniu przedstawiono możliwości i ekonomiczne uzasadnienie rozwoju gospodarstw ukierunkowanych na chów bydła mlecznego, sprzedających rocznie 28 tysięcy litrów mleka z gospodarstwa. Przyjęty poziom sprzedaży był zbliżony do przeciętnych dostaw mleka z polskich gospodarstw do zakładów mleczarskich w roku kwotowym 2004/2005. Z dokonanej analizy wynika, że produkcja mleka na tym poziomie przynosiła tylko minimalne dochody. Uwzględniając dodatkowo koszty zaangażowania własnych czynników produkcji (ziemi, pracy, kapitału) okazuje się, że analizowana działalność wiązała się z wysoką stratą. Inwestycje pozwalające na zwiększenie skali produkcji, finansowane kredytem preferencyjnym, prowadzą do zachwiania płynności finansowej. Analizowane gospodarstwa mają niewielkie szanse rozwoju w chowie bydła mlecznego. Muszą szukać dochodów poza gospodarstwem.
Abstract	In the article there were presented possibilities and economical explanations for development of the dairy directed farms, delivering yearly 28 thousands liters of milk. Mentioned milk sales level per farm represents average farm deliveries to the dairy purchasers within the milk quota year 2004/2005. Basing on the results it may be concluded that milk production at the abovementioned level is slightly profitable. Taking into consideration additionally costs of the owned production factors (land, capital and labour) it occurs that this production scale generates large looses. Investments in an increase of the production scale, financed by the preferential credits, lead to fluency problems. Therefore it may be predicted that those farms doesn’t have much chances for development in direction of milk production. Hence they must rather search for an additional income outside the farm.
Cytowanie	Parzonko A. (2006) Możliwości rozwojowe gospodarstw ukierunkowanych na produkcję mleka .Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria G, t. 93, z. 1: 83-91
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2006_n1_s83.pdf

Autor	Kinga Gruziel, Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Funkcjonowanie podatku VAT w opiniach rolników indywidualnych
Title	THE VALUE ADDED TAX IN THE OPINION OF PRIVATE FARMERS
Słowa kluczowe	podatek od towarów i usług (VAT), zasady ogólne i ryczałtowe rozliczania VAT
Key words	the Value Added Tax (VAT), general and flat rate schemes of the VAT payments
Abstrakt	Przedstawiono opinie rolników dotyczące oceny funkcjonowania, skutków wprowadzenia oraz sposobu i korzyści rozliczania podatku VAT na zasadach ogólnych i ryczałtu w gospodarstwach rolniczych.
Abstract	The paper presents private farmers. opinion on effects of implementation of the Value Added Tax (VAT) as well as ways and profits from tax payments on general or flat rate schemes in farms. The VAT system is said to be too complicated to the farmers and there is a need for external tax advisory. The farmers assessed sceptically the profits from the VAT implementation into agriculture, due to increase of prices of production sources and decrease of agricultural products purchase prices. A major limitation of implementation the flat rate schemes of the VAT in farms is that economic entities, which purchase agricultural products within cooperation with farmers, do not want to be obliged to issue invoices, because it generates additional costs. Most of the farmers paid off the VAT on flat rate schemes . especially these from animal farms and farms that brought incomes. General scheme of the VAT payments was popular especially with farmers from the greatest farms. Moreover, there were a great number of farmers who claimed to not have enough knowledge concerning the VAT in agriculture.
Cytowanie	Gruziel K., Wasilewski M. (2006) Funkcjonowanie podatku VAT w opiniach rolników indywidualnych .Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria G, t. 93, z. 1: 144-151
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2006_n1_s144.pdf

Autor	Marcin Idzik, Aneta Stańko
Tytuł	Ekonomiczne uwarunkowania oraz tendencje zachowań konsumentów na rynku dóbr FMCG
Title	Economics Conditions of Tendencies of Consumer’s Behavior on the Fast Moving Consumer Goods Market
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Abstract	The article presents the results of public opinion poll about purchase habit. The data covering the period from 1998 to 2004, showing the changes of a liking for shopping. Consumer’s behavior is close to be European standard. The dissertation shows main economic factor of shopping decision. The shopping preferences are linked to household income, which influence also the food consumption level. Inadequate financial means cause the changes of consumer’s habits. Customers show most interest in those shops which compete with others via attractive prices. The main reasons of the choice of main shopping outlet are: low prices, high quality of products, proximity to home, pleasant staff, attractiveness of offered goods, habit, business hours, plus promotions and sales.
Cytowanie	Idzik M., Stańko A. (2006) Ekonomiczne uwarunkowania oraz tendencje zachowań konsumentów na rynku dóbr FMCG.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 59: 101-112
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2006_n59_s101.pdf

Autor	Dominik Gajowiak
Tytuł	Skala zewnętrznych ograniczeń w kredytowaniu agrobiznesu (na przykładzie województwa mazowieckiego)
Title	The Scope of External Limitations in Crediting of Agrobusiness (Based on the Masovia Province)
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Abstract	The study presents external limitations in crediting of agribusiness in Masovia Province. The scope of them was presented on the example of the most popular four preferential credit lines in the years from 2000 to 2002. In this period the credits for young farmers and for purchases of lands had the lowest scope of external limitations, but the rest of credit lines was characterized by the highest scope of limitations. Main reasons for external limitations of crediting agribusiness are transaction costs and volume of deposits in banks. External limitations depend on other barriers which are less or more consciously created by formal financial institutions.
Cytowanie	Gajowiak D. (2005) Skala zewnętrznych ograniczeń w kredytowaniu agrobiznesu (na przykładzie województwa mazowieckiego).Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 55: 57-65
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2005_n55_s57.pdf

Autor	Sławomir Juszczyk
Tytuł	Skala produkcji gospodarstw mlecznych a jej opłacalność
Title	The Scale and the Profitability of Milk Production
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Abstract	In years 1997-2001 in the typical family farms of the Central Macro region with the growth of production scale measured by: numbers of milk cows, milk production per year and commodity value of milk production with coupled production - the profitability of milk production and direct surplus from milk production grew. It is useful to intensify the milk production in those farms. State owned farms had from 42 to 173 milk cows. They achieved the highest direct surplus among the researched farms but average direct profitability fell to 2,41. In spite of taking into consideration the real indirect costs and the depreciation of farms' costs, the achieved profitability still gave the possibility of the growth of direct surplus. It means that a margin cost was higher than an average cost and simultaneously was smaller than purchase price, and that a margin surplus was higher than zero. The increasing of the direct surplus in these farms was possible but connected with a further decreasing of average profitability of milk production. Taking into the consideration the individual measure of the production scale and results received the direct profitability was the most negative correlated with the number of cows in the farm between 1997 and 1999: the index of determination was: 7,19%, 11,04% and 15,05%. Between 2000 and 2001 the direct profitability was the most negative correlated with amount of produced milk, which explained 13,47% and 11,36% changeability of the profitability of the production. The direct surplus in the analysed period was the most correlated with the value of commodity milk production and coupled production. Therefore when one wants to achieve high direct surplus from researched farms one should produce milk of the highest quality and also produce and sell with profit not only calves and defective cows but also farm heifers. In the analysed period the value of milk production and coupled production explained: 62, 30%; 66, 72%; 61, 97%; 90, 21 % and 86, 86% of direct surplus changeability.
Cytowanie	Juszczyk S. (2004) Skala produkcji gospodarstw mlecznych a jej opłacalność.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 53: 143-157
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2004_n53_s143.pdf

Autor	Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Poziom nakładów materialnych a wyniki ekonomiczne gospodarstw indywidualnych
Title	The Level of Material Outlays and Economic Results of Private Farms
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Abstract	In the paper the analysis of the relationship between economic results and the level of the material outlays' concentration in private farms is presented. In general, farms with the highest level of the material outlays' concentration were characterized by the highest profitability of land, while in the group of the lowest level of those outlays the profitability was the lowest. In the case of the productivity of land relationships were similar to the case of its profitability. Social and economic efficiency of labour was higher in the group of farms with the highest level of material outlays, what shows that resources and labour outlays were used effectively. In general farms with an average level of material outlays were characterized by the highest profitability of sale, while farms with the highest outlays were characterized by the lowest profitability. It may show that the effectiveness of material outlays decrease with the growth by unit of the level of outlays. One of possible reasons for that tendency, in comparison with the highest profitability of land in the third group of farms, is using purchased materials for the broader scale, what makes farms independent on their resources of land.
Cytowanie	Wasilewski M. (2004) Poziom nakładów materialnych a wyniki ekonomiczne gospodarstw indywidualnych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 52: 91-99
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2004_n52_s91.pdf

Autor	Artur Kowalczyk, Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Ocena konkurencyjności spółdzielni mleczarskich
Title	The evaluation of Dairy Cooperatives' Competitiveness
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Abstract	The study presents the comparative analysis of competitiveness' level of dairy cooperatives, which exports their products to the UE market and cooperatives from Świętokrzyskie province, which are not entitled to the export to the UE market. Cooperatives exporting their products to the UE market (group A) in the years 1998-2001 showed the increase of milk processing while in cooperatives from Świętokrzyskie province the decrease ensued. The cooperatives from group A were also characterized by three times higher level of average delivery of milk as well as the share in the purchase of extra class milk. In 2001 cooperatives Świętokrzyskie province incurred loss while group A cooperatives achieved increasing significant profit. The competitive strength of milk · deliverers is larger in a group of cooperatives in Świętokrzyskie province because those cooperatives do not achieve the cost advantage for the sake of the low concentration of the production. The biggest threat to dairy cooperatives is in the buyers' strong influence on the volume of sale and in buyers' possibility to change a cooperative delivering them dairy products. The level of competition's intensity in the scope of products offered by cooperatives was similar, highest in the case of milk, cheese, sour and sour cream and lowest in case of powder milk and butter. The necessity of covering large capital needs as well as difficulties in access to distribution channels were described as largest barriers to entry and considerable small barrier is the competitive activity of already existing enterprises. In the opinion of cooperatives' managers the possibility of appearing new substitutes of dairy products, except for butter, is low.
Cytowanie	Kowalczyk A., Wasilewski M. (2004) Ocena konkurencyjności spółdzielni mleczarskich.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 52: 47-62
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2004_n52_s47.pdf

Autor	Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Klasyfikacja zapasów i gospodarowanie nimi w podmiotach rolniczych
Title	The Classification and Management of Reserves in Farming Entities
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Abstract	In the paper the classification of reserves according to many criterions is presented. The attempt of defying uniform groups of reserves with highest and lowest level as regards the regularity of demand and the possibility of running low in different organizational and property forms of agricultural farms was made. Within all groups of farms the rising role of cooperation with deliverers of factors to the production on the basis of trade contracts was observed. Resources to the production were ordered in different ways depending on the groups of resources. The time of delivery realization was shortest in private farms (mainly for the sake of direct purchase). Reserves characterized by highest and lowest states as well as regard the possibility of running low, the regularity of demand and possibility of forecasting were di verse between the groups of farms. The management of reserves in different organizational and property forms of agricultural farms should be treated individually. The normative determination of levels of reserves' types is difficult. In private farms the situation is worsened by the little farmers' knowledge about possibilities of reserves' managing rationalization.
Cytowanie	Wasilewski M. (2004) Klasyfikacja zapasów i gospodarowanie nimi w podmiotach rolniczych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 54: 51-68
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2004_n54_s51.pdf