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Autor	Jacek Bednarz, Maria Zuba-Ciszewska
Tytuł	Produkcja mleka ekologicznego w Polsce. Koncentracja czy rozproszenie?
Title	Organic Milk Production in Poland. Concentration or Dispersion?
Słowa kluczowe	produkcja, mleko ekologiczne, regiony, koncentracja, Indeks Herfindahla-Hirschmana, metoda unitaryzacji zerowanej
Key words	production, organic milk, regions, concentration, Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, zero unitarization method
Abstrakt	W produkcji ekologicznego mleka w Polsce specjalizują się regiony o niewielkim udziale w produkcji tego surowca ogółem w kraju. Pomiar koncentracji stanowi jedno z kluczowych zagadnień w badaniach nad ekonomicznymi strukturami zjawisk rynkowych. Celem pracy było zbadanie stopnia koncentracji rynku mleka ekologicznego na tle rynku mleka ogółem, a także próba odpowiedzi na pytanie o możliwość wskazania regionów specjalizujących się w produkcji mleka ekologicznego. Badanie przeprowadzono przy pomocy klasycznego indeksu Herfindahla-Hirschmana oraz zmodyfikowanej wersji formuły metody unitaryzacji zerowanej. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na umiarkowany stopień koncentracji rynku mleka ekologicznego. Jednocześnie, przy wykorzystaniu metody z zakresu porządkowania liniowego, możliwa jest jednoznaczna identyfikacja regionów, w których produkcja mleka ekologicznego ma większe znaczenie ekonomiczne.
Abstract	Regions specialized in the organic milk production in Poland represent a small share in the total production of this raw material within the country. Measurement of concentration is one of the key issues in research on the economic structures of market phenomena. The aim of the work was to examine the degree of concentration of the organic milk market in the context of the total milk market, as well as an attempt to answer the question about the possibility of indicating regions specializing in the production of organic milk. The study was carried out using the classical Herfindahl-Hirschman index. A modified version of the formula of the zero unitarization method was also used. The obtained results indicate a moderate degree of concentration of the organic milk market. At the same time, using the modified zero unitarization method, it is possible to clearly identify regions in which the production of organic milk has more economic significance.
Cytowanie	Bednarz J., Zuba-Ciszewska M. (2018) Produkcja mleka ekologicznego w Polsce. Koncentracja czy rozproszenie?.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 4: 112-121
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n4_s112.pdf

Autor	Tetiana Balanovska, Barbara Wyrzykowska
Tytuł	The Requirements of the Contemporary Labour Market for Professionals
Title	The Requirements of the Contemporary Labour Market for Professionals
Słowa kluczowe	labour market, population, employment, specialist, manager, competence, knowledge
Key words	labour market, population, employment, specialist, manager, competence, knowledge
Abstrakt	The article substantiates that the contemporary labour market with its flexibility, volatility, high innovation dynamics, as its main features, introduces new requirements for employees. The study analyses the Ukrainian population’s employment, in the rural areas, forestry and fishing, in particular. The study determines the problems of the insufficient level of satisfaction of the employers’ need in employees. The research sums up different scientific approaches to the expectation that employers have to professional specialists. It establishes that employers' requirements for future employees differ regarding their professional experience. The article explains the findings of the research assisting specialists to focus on the core knowledge concerning the practical aspect. The article provides analysis that refers to the set of personal qualities and abilities acting as factors of managers’ compliance with the demands of the contemporary labour market. The findings of the article single out the role and significance of logical thinking as a component of forming successful managers.
Abstract	The article substantiates that the contemporary labour market with its flexibility, volatility, high innovation dynamics, as its main features, introduces new requirements for employees. The study analyses the Ukrainian population’s employment, in the rural areas, forestry and fishing, in particular. The study determines the problems of the insufficient level of satisfaction of the employers’ need in employees. The research sums up different scientific approaches to the expectation that employers have to professional specialists. It establishes that employers' requirements for future employees differ regarding their professional experience. The article explains the findings of the research assisting specialists to focus on the core knowledge concerning the practical aspect. The article provides analysis that refers to the set of personal qualities and abilities acting as factors of managers’ compliance with the demands of the contemporary labour market. The findings of the article single out the role and significance of logical thinking as a component of forming successful managers.
Cytowanie	Balanovska T., Wyrzykowska B. (2018) The Requirements of the Contemporary Labour Market for Professionals.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 4: 92-101
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n4_s92.pdf

Autor	Paweł Kraciński
Tytuł	Konkurencyjność polskiego eksportu jabłek na rynki Wspólnoty Niepodległych Państw
Title	The Competitiveness of Apple Exports from Poland to the Markets of Commonwealth Independent States
Słowa kluczowe	eksport, import, jabłka, konkurencyjność
Key words	export, import, apples, competitiveness
Abstrakt	Celem badań było określenie konkurencyjności eksportu jabłek z Polski na rynki Wspólnoty Niepodległych Państw. W artykule zidentyfikowano najważniejszych producentów oraz importerów netto z WNP. Przy wykorzystaniu mierników pozycji konkurencyjnej ex-post określono pozycję konkurencyjną eksportu z Polski na wybrane rynki WNP. W latach 2006-2016 Polska była największym dostawcą jabłek na Białoruś, do Kazachstanu oraz na Ukrainę, a w latach 2006-2014 również do Rosji. Pozycja konkurencyjna eksportu jabłek z Polski obniżyła się w latach 2015-2016 na rynku białoruskim, a wzrosła na kazachskim i ukraińskim. W wyniku embarga na import jabłek z UE, wzrosła na rynku Federacji Rosyjskiej pozycja konkurencyjna dostaw z Serbii, Chin, Mołdawii oraz Białorusi.
Abstract	The aim of the research was to determine the competitiveness of apple export from Poland to the CIS markets. In the paper the most important producers and net importers of apples from CIS were identified. Using the ex-post measures, the competitive position of Polish exports to selected CIS markets was determined. In 2006-2016, Poland was the largest supplier of apples to Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine, and in 2006-2014 to Russia as well. The competitive position of apple exports from Poland decreased in the years 2014-2015 on the Belarusian market, and increased in the Kazakh and Ukrainian. As a result of the Russian embargo on the import of apples from the EU, the competitive position of supplies from Serbia, China, Moldova and Belarus increased in this market.
Cytowanie	Kraciński P. (2018) Konkurencyjność polskiego eksportu jabłek na rynki Wspólnoty Niepodległych Państw.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 4: 13-22
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n4_s13.pdf

Autor	Tetiana Kaminska, Natalia Wasilewska
Tytuł	PRECONDITIONS OF LAND RELATIONS DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMIC, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL
Title
Słowa kluczowe	economic, legal and institutional preconditions, land market, land evaluation, mortgage institution, moratorium on sale of agricultural land.
Key words
Abstrakt	This paper discusses the issues related to the implementation of the land reform in Ukraine. The purpose of the research is to work out a system of measures aimed at developing land relations, in particular, the introduction of the land market in Ukraine, as well as determining the economic impact of the effective turnover of land plots. The analysis of the economic situation in Ukraine over the past 10 years has been carried out. Issues related to land legislation, in particular land valuation, are briefly identified. The institutions without functioning of which the introduction of the land market is impossible, are established. The conducted analysis gave basis to the proposal of preconditions of economic, legal and institutional character, necessary for the successful development of land relations. The article also proposes mortgage refinancing mechanism through the issue of mortgage land securities.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Kaminska T., Wasilewska N. (2018) PRECONDITIONS OF LAND RELATIONS DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMIC, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 20(69): 234-244
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2018_n69_s234.pdf

Autor	Monika Wakuła
Tytuł	SIZE DIVERSITY SHAPING FINANCIAL CONDITION OF RURAL COMMUNES OF SIEDLCE SUBREGION
Title	Zróżnicowanie zmiennych kształtujących kondycję finansową gmin wiejskich podregionu siedleckiego.
Słowa kluczowe	financial condition, commune, Siedlce subregion, diversity.
Key words	kondycja finansowa, gmina, podregion siedlecki, zróżnicowanie
Abstrakt	Financial condition of basic units of territorial government is a complex phenomenon. Some authors associate it with the financial situation of the particular commune. Knowledge of the conditions influencing the situation enables governing bodies of the territorial government to make proper financial decisions. The aim of the article is an attempt to evaluate the diversity of factors shaping financial condition of communes of Siedlce subregion between 2014 and 2016. Essential data was taken from the Local Data Bank. The following features were taken into account while shaping the level of particular variables in Siedlce subregion: the measure of central tendency as well as the measures of dispersion and concentration. The conducted research indicated that communes in the studied region were the most diverse as far as their own revenue was concerned. However, they were the  most homogenous when it came to the cycle of rotation of budgetary appropriations.
Abstract	Kondycja finansowa podstawowych jednostek samorządu terytorialnego jest zjawiskiem złożonym. Przez wielu autorów utożsamiana jest ona z sytuacją finansową danej gminy. Znajomość czynników wpływających na nią ułatwia organom zarządzającym jednostkami samorządu terytorialnego podejmowanie właściwych decyzji finansowych. Celem artykułu jest próba oceny zróżnicowania czynników kształtujących stan finansów gmin podregionu siedleckiego w latach 2014-2016. Niezbędne dane zostały zaczerpnięte z Banku Danych Lokalnych. Do opisu kształtowania się poziomu poszczególnych zmiennych w podregionie siedleckim wykorzystano miary tendencji centralnej, miary rozproszenia i koncentracji. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że gminy z badanego terenu są najbardziej zróżnicowanie pod względem dochodów własnych. Natomiast najbardziej jednorodną grupę stanowią pod względem cyklu rotacji środków budżetowych.
Cytowanie	Wakuła M. (2018) SIZE DIVERSITY SHAPING FINANCIAL CONDITION OF RURAL COMMUNES OF SIEDLCE SUBREGION.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 20(69): 224-233
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2018_n69_s224.pdf

Autor	Maria Grzelak, Elżbieta Roszko-Wójtowicz
Tytuł	Wielowymiarowe ujęcie zróżnicowania poziomu jakości życia w województwach w Polsce
Title	A MULTIVARIATE APPROACH TO THE DIFFERENTIATION IN THE LEVEL OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN POLAND’S VOIVODSHIPS
Słowa kluczowe	jakość życia, porządkowanie liniowe, zróżnicowanie, metoda współczynników korelacji cząstkowej
Key words	quality of life, linear ordering, differentiation, method of partial correlation coefficients
Abstrakt	Jakości życia wyrażana jest nie tylko poprzez konsumpcję dóbr materialnych i usług, ale przede wszystkim przez możliwość zaspokojenia potrzeb związanych np. ze stanem środowiska naturalnego, rodzajem i postacią więzi międzyludzkich, godnością i poszanowaniem praw człowieka, a także ilością i jakością wolnego czasu oraz samorealizacją. Rozległy wachlarz problemów i zjawisk pozostających w bezpośredniej relacji z jakością życia, sprawa, że jej pomiar jest zagadnieniem trudnym i cieszącym się niesłabnącym zainteresowaniem badaczy. Celem artykułu jest wielocechowa ocena jakości życia w województwach w Polsce z uwzględnieniem szczegółowego omówienia pomiarów jednowymiarowych i zmian w czasie. W wyniku przeprowadzonych analiz wykazano, że wyodrębniony zestaw zmiennych charakteryzuje się relatywną stabilnością w czasie. Ranking województw w roku 2016 nie odbiegał znacząco od rankingu przygotowanego dla roku 2010. Daje to podstawę aby sądzić, że wybrane zmienne można uznać, za kluczowych reprezentantów poszczególnych kategorii opisujących jakość życia.
Abstract	Quality of life is expressed not only through the consumption of material goods and services but above all by the ability to meet needs related to, for example, the state of the natural environment, the type and form of interpersonal relationships, dignity and respect for human rights, as well as the quantity and quality of free time and self-fulfilment. An extensive range of issues and phenomena that remain in direct relation to quality of life means that its measurement is a difficult problem and arouses the unflagging interest of researchers. The aim of the paper is a multivariate assessment of the quality of life in Poland’s voivodships, including a detailed discussion of univariate measurements and changes over time. The conducted analyses indicate that the selected set of variables is characterised by relative stability over time. The ranking of the voivodships in 2016 did not differ significantly from the ranking prepared for 2010. This gives grounds to believe that the selected variables can be considered as key representatives of individual categories describing quality of life.
Cytowanie	Grzelak M., Roszko-Wójtowicz E. (2018) Wielowymiarowe ujęcie zróżnicowania poziomu jakości życia w województwach w Polsce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 20(69): 197-214
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2018_n69_s197.pdf

Autor	Tomasz Rokicki
Tytuł	Rynek ubezpieczeniowy w krajach UE
Title	INSURANCE MARKET EU COUNTRIES
Słowa kluczowe	ubezpieczenia, rynek ubezpieczeniowy, Unia Europejska, ubezpieczenia na życie
Key words	insurance, insurance market, European Union, life insurance
Abstrakt	Celem głównym pracy było rozpoznanie i przedstawienie sytuacji oraz zmian na rynku ubezpieczeniowym w krajach Unii Europejskiej. Badania dotyczyły całego rynku ubezpieczeniowego w UE. Dane dotyczyły lat 2006-2015. Źródła materiałów stanowiła analiza dostępnej literatury z zakresu ubezpieczeń, dane z bazy danych Insurance Europe. W pracy wykorzystano metodę porównawczą, posługiwano się wskaźnikami dynamiki, obliczono współczynnik koncentracji Giniego oraz przedstawiono stopień koncentracji za pomocą krzywej Lorenza. Zastosowano również wskaźniki oceniające rozwój rynku ubezpieczeń. Do prezentacji wyników badań zastosowano metodę opisową, tabelaryczna i graficzną. Stwierdzono, że na rynku nieznacznie zmniejszyła się liczba działających firm i zatrudnionych w nich pracowników. Redukcja zatrudnienia była proporcjonalna. Występowała duża koncentracja tej działalności w kilku najbardziej rozwiniętych krajach UE. W przypadku wartości składek przypisanych brutto stopień koncentracji w dominujących krajach był jeszcze większy. Dotyczyło to zarówno ubezpieczeń ogółem, jak i ich grup. Sektor ubezpieczeń odczuł wpływy pogorszenia koniunktury gospodarczej w 2008 roku, bo w większości krajów nastąpił spadek wartości składek ubezpieczeń. W czołowych krajach zmiany w wartości składek nie były gwałtowne. Przy uwzględnieniu zmian w całym okresie 2006-2015 składki na ubezpieczenia na życie rosły wolniej niż na pozostałe ubezpieczenia. Taka prawidłowość występowała w przypadku państw generujących największą wartość składek. Można było też zauważyć zmianę struktury składek na ubezpieczenia, gdyż zmniejszył się udział ubezpieczeń an życie z 63,3% w 2006 roku do 61,5% w 2015 roku. Rynek ubezpieczeń w UE rozwijał się w wolniejszym tempie niż gospodarka. Świadczy o tym pogarszający się wskaźnik penetracji ubezpieczeń. W przypadku tego wskaźnika występowały widoczne dysproporcje między najbardziej i najmniej rozwiniętymi krajami UE.
Abstract	The aim of the work was to recognize and present the situation and changes on the insurance market in the European Union. The research concerned the entire insurance market in the EU. The data concerned the years 2006-2015. Sources of materials were the analysis of available literature in the field of insurance, data from the Insurance Europe database. The work uses the comparative method, the dynamics indexes were used, the Gini concentration coefficient was calculated and the degree of concentration was presented using the Lorenzo curve. Indicators assessing the development of the insurance market were also applied. The descriptive, tabular and graphical methods were used to present the results of the research. It was found, that the number of operating companies and their employees slightly decreased on the market. Employment reduction was proportional. There was a large concentration of this activity in several of the most developed EU countries. In the case of gross written premiums, the concentration level in the dominant countries was even greater. This concerned both total insurance and their groups. The insurance sector experienced the impact of the economic downturn in 2008, as in most countries the value of insurance premiums decreased. In top countries, changes in the value of premiums were not rapid. Taking into account changes throughout the period 2006-2015, life insurance premiums grew more slowly than for other insurance. Such regularity occurred in the case of countries generating the highest value of premiums. It was also possible to notice a change in the structure of insurance premiums, as the share of life insurance went down from 63.3% in 2006 to 61.5% in 2015. The insurance market in the EU has been growing at a slower pace than the economy. This is evidenced by the deteriorating insurance penetration rate. In the case of this indicator, there were visible disproportions between the most and least developed EU countries.
Cytowanie	Rokicki T. (2018) Rynek ubezpieczeniowy w krajach UE.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 20(69): 186-196
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2018_n69_s186.pdf

Autor	Monika Pawłowska, Artur Stefański
Tytuł	Analiza wpływu rolników jako grupy kredytobiorców na rentowność i bezpieczeństwo banków spółdzielczych w Polsce w latach 2012-2017
Title	THE ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE FARMERS, AS DEBTORS, HAVE ON THE PROFITABILITY AND SOLVENCY OF COOPERATIVE BANKS IN POLAND BETWEEN 2012-2017
Słowa kluczowe	banki spółdzielcze, rolnicy, rentowność, wypłacalność
Key words	cooperative banks, farmers, profitability, solvency
Abstrakt	Głównym celem artykułu jest ocena znaczenia rolników jako kredytobiorców oraz wpływu tej grupy klientów na rentowność i bezpieczeństwo banków spółdzielczych w  Polsce w latach 2012-2017. Analizę oparto na danych kwartalnych z okresu od grudnia 2012 do czerwca 2017 roku (19 obserwacji).Postawiono następujące hipotezy: udział rolników w strukturze kredytów banków spółdzielczych maleje (H1), spadek udziału kredytów dla rolników w kredytach ogółem w bankach spółdzielczych powoduje spadek rentowności, mierzony wskaźnikiem ROA, a siła tej korelacji jest co najmniej umiarkowana (H2), spadający udział rolników w portfelu kredytowym banków spółdzielczych jest dodatnio skorelowany z poziomem łącznego współczynnika wypłacalności oraz współczynnika kapitałowego Tier-1 i że jest to korelacja co najmniej o umiarkowanej sile (H3).Przeprowadzone badania pozwalają na wysunięcie następujących wniosków: udział kredytów dla rolników w  łącznym portfelu kredytowym w bankach spółdzielczych w Polsce spada, jest on skorelowany z poziomem rentowności aktywów, korelacja jest dodatnia, a jej siła co najmniej umiarkowana, jednocześnie jest ujemnie skorelowany z poziomem współczynnika wypłacalności oraz współczynnika kapitałowego Tier-1. Zatem pozytywnie zweryfikowane zostały dwie z trzech postawionych hipotez.
Abstract	The main objective of the article is to assess of the importance of farmers as debtors and the influence of this group of clients on the profitability and security of cooperative banks in Poland between 2012-2017. The analysis was based on quarterly data between December 2012 and June 2017 (19 observations). The following hypotheses were introduced: the share of farmers in the credit structure of cooperative banks decreases (H1), the decrease in the farmers’ credit share in the total number of credits in cooperative banks lowers their profitability measured by the ROA index, and the correlation magnitude is at least moderate (H2), the decreased share of farmers in the credit portfolio of cooperative banks is positively correlated with the level of the total solvency ratio and Tier-1 capital ratio, and this correlation is at least of moderate magnitude (H3).The conducted research allows to conclude that: the share of credits for farmers in the total credit portfolio of cooperative banks in Poland is decreasing. It is correlated with the level of assets profitability, the correlation is positive, and its magnitude is at least moderate. Simultaneously, it is negatively correlated with the level of Tier-1 capital ratio. Hence, only two out of three hypotheses have been verified.
Cytowanie	Pawłowska M., Stefański A. (2018) Analiza wpływu rolników jako grupy kredytobiorców na rentowność i bezpieczeństwo banków spółdzielczych w Polsce w latach 2012-2017.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 20(69): 163-171
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2018_n69_s163.pdf

Autor	Oleksandra Mandych, Arkadii Mykytas, Liliia Prokopchuk
Tytuł	THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF SOLAR ENERGY PRODUCTION BY HOUSEHOLDS IN UKRAINE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	solar power, electricity, household electric energy, solar panels, bioeconomics
Key words
Abstrakt	In recent decades considerable attention has been paid to alternative and renewable energy. Among the alternative sources, the sun’s energy is most appealing. Therefore, the development of solar energy, in the long run, is one of the top priorities. In practice, there are numerous barriers to the growth of the solar energy market. First of all, economic: fairly high prices for solar systems and payback period; the absence of working capital from manufacturing enterprises, the absence of specific mechanisms for stimulating production in the form of subsidies, tax exemptions, preferential tariff policies, etc. Therefore, research into the development of solar energy, as a real tool for a comprehensive solution to economic and environmental problems, is becoming increasingly relevant. The paper considers the energy policy of the use of renewable energy sources in rural areas. The theoretically feasible and technically achievable potential of solar energy in the territory of Ukraine was characterized. It was noted that the sun is the most affordable supplier of energy on earth today. The use of solar radiation is expedient for the development of thermal and electric energy and is possible throughout the territory of Ukraine. The dynamics of the commissioning of solar power plants by private households was analysed. The attention is focused on the application of the ‘green’ tariff, which stimulates the increase in the number of solar projects implemented in households. A financial model of private households of choosing a solar power plant option was proposed. The problems were identified and the possibilities of using solar energy for ensuring energy independence of households and profit generation were assessed. The forecast for the development of solar energy of the period up to 2020 was made.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Mandych O., Mykytas A., Prokopchuk L.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s231.pdf

Autor	Roma Ryś-Jurek
Tytuł	FAMILY FARM INCOME AND THEIR PRODUCTION AND ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS ACCORDING TO THE ECONOMIC SIZE IN THE EU COUNTRIES IN 2004–2015
Title
Słowa kluczowe	economic size of farm, family farm income, production
Key words
Abstrakt	The aim of this research is to present the family farm income and production and its economic determinants according to the economic size of farms in the EU countries in 2004–2015. Research is based on European Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN), which includes information about average farms according to the economic size in the EU-28. In this article an attempt is made to use the panel models to evaluate the production and economic determinants of family farm income. The Gretl program is used to evaluate fixed effect models and random effect models. The production and economic determinants of family farm income depending on the farm’s size are indicated, such as: utilised agricultural area, crop and livestock production, net investment and cash flow and inputs.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Ryś-Jurek R.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s21.pdf

Autor	Tomasz Pawlonka
Tytuł	BEHAVIOURAL FINANCE IN AGRIBUSINESS – THE BIRTH OF A CONCEPT
Title
Słowa kluczowe	homo oeconomicus, rationality, agriculture, speculative motif
Key words
Abstrakt	Up until now, a model approach has constituted the core of mainstream economics with regard to the decision maker and decision-making conditions. The financial (and economic) crises appearing with increased frequency and numerous market anomalies, although considered predictable by economists and being only a residual component of econometric models, are related to the growing financialization of the economy and an existing asymmetry of information in the absence of full decision-maker rationality. The importance of the psychological characteristics of individuals, their knowledge, the level of trust and priorities, recognized more and more commonly in economic practice, make it necessary to conduct research to identify ‘difficult quantifiable’ characteristics of decision-makers, including their purely economic considerations. (as a supplement to previous economic considerations, including the inclusion of new variables to econometric models that have been in operation for years). The aim of the study was to systematize the evolution of the homo oeconomicus concept along with an indication of further possible directions in its development. A survey of behavioural finance in relation to agribusiness has also been reviewed, which is a perfect example of the evolution of mainstream economics.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Pawlonka T.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s389.pdf

Autor	Agnieszka Komor
Tytuł	PRIORITY DIRECTIONS OF EXPENDITURE IN THE OPINION OF RESIDENTS OF SELECTED RURAL COMMUNES OF THE LUBELSKIE VOIVODESHIP
Title
Słowa kluczowe	local development, rural areas, local development policy, resident needs, investment needs
Key words
Abstrakt	One of the main objectives of both local and regional development is to increase the level of satisfaction of the needs and preferences of residents, which implies an increase in the quality of life in a particular area. Therefore, it is important to define strategic directions and priorities of activities which are of key importance from the point of view of satisfying the needs of the communes’ residents. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and analyse priority directions of expenditure in selected rural communes of the Lubelskie voivodeship in the opinion of their residents, as compared with urban and urban-rural communes. In order to achieve the research objective, a survey was conducted among the residents of selected communes of the Lubelskie voivodeship. The survey showed that according to respondents from rural communes, the priority directions of expenditure included roads and pavements with street lighting, healthcare, tourism, recreational and sports infrastructure, as well as support for the development of investment areas. Investment needs related to social infrastructure, social welfare and pro-environmental activities were also of relative importance. Respondents from rural communes more often indicated the majority of the above investment needs than respondents from urban-rural and urban communes (except for recreational infrastructure and pro-environmental measures, tourist trails in urban-rural communes and sports and healthcare infrastructure in urban communes).
Abstract
Cytowanie	Komor A.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s383.pdf

Autor	Pawel Janulewicz
Tytuł	EU FUNDS (RDP) AND THEIR IMPACT ON LOCAL DEVELOPMENT
Title
Słowa kluczowe	local development, Hellwig’s method, Ward’s method
Key words
Abstrakt	The paper presents the results of research aimed at determining the impact of the use of EU funds on local development on the example of voivodeships. The first stage of the research was performed with the use of Hellwig’s development model method. It was aimed at classifying individual voivodships and assigning them to one of four groups in terms of their level of development. The next stage was to check whether the examined features proving the level of local development are also related to the level of use of EU funds under RDP. In the third stage, the analysis of Ward clusters was used and answers were sought as to whether the units which are clustered together in terms of the level of use of EU funds are at the same time included in the same groups in terms of the level of local development.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Janulewicz P.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s376.pdf

Autor	Dariusz Kusz
Tytuł	LEVEL OF INVESTMENT EXPENDITURE VERSUS CHANGES IN TECHNICAL LABOUR EQUIPMENT AND LABOUR EFFICIENCY IN AGRICULTURE IN POLAND
Title
Słowa kluczowe	investment, agriculture, labour efficiency, relation of production factors
Key words
Abstrakt	The aim of the paper is to analyse changes in the efficiency of the use of the labour factor and changes in the relation of production factors regarding the investment outlay level in individual voivodeships, in Poland, in 2002–2015. The research used the public statistics panel data from 2002–2015 (Local Data Bank). An increase in technical labour equipment, the level of investment outlays per one employed person in agriculture and an improvement in the efficiency of using the labour factor was found. At the same time, considerable regional diversification of investment activities, work equipment in fixed assets and labour productivity is still observed in Poland. The improvement of labour efficiency in agriculture is positively influenced by an increase in work technical equipment and the level of completed investments per one employee.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Kusz D.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s315.pdf

Autor	Pavlina Fugelo, Svitlana Savitska
Tytuł	ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF INVESTMENT ACTIVITY OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES IN THE UKRAINE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	investment, investment activity, agricultural enterprises
Key words
Abstrakt	The article specifies that intensive development of the economy can be achieved by attracting and effectively using investment resources. Based on the indicator of the level of investment sufficiency, it was established that, in the period under review, the level of investment adequacy in the country is less than the established ‘threshold’ value, which indicates a shortage of investment funds. The study analysed the dynamics of investment attraction in agriculture. It was found that the main source of financing for investment is own funds of enterprises and organizations. However, they are too insufficient to ensure the intensive development of the economy. An analysis of growth dynamics of the total volume of investment in agricultural enterprises per 100 ha of agricultural land and their financial provision was carried out. Research showed that the increase in the value of fixed assets is more intensive than the increase in the inflow of investment in fixed assets, which indicates additional sources of growth in the value of fixed assets. It was noted that the potential sources of investment resources should be the funds of foreign investors, which currently stand at an extremely low growth level. A number of negative factors influencing the process of attracting foreign direct investment were identified. The main current requirements of the Ukraine in the process of integration into the world economic space, is the formation of a mechanism of investment activity, an important component of which is the mechanism of investment provision.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Fugelo P., Savitska S.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s303.pdf

Autor	Rafal Balina, Piotr Chrzanowski, Slawomir Juszczyk
Tytuł	THE IMPORTANCE OF CREDITS FOR AGRICULTURE IN GENERATING NET PROFIT OF COOPERATIVE BANKS IN 2015–2017
Title
Słowa kluczowe	credits granted to individual farmers, preferential credits for agriculture, net profit, cooperative banks
Key words
Abstrakt	The aim of the research was to determine whether and to what extent credits for agriculture, that is credits granted to individual farmers and preferential credit for agriculture, affected the level of net profit of cooperative banks in Poland in 2015–2017. Among others, it was established that credits granted to individual farmers are important for generating net profit for both small, medium and large cooperative banks. However, the values of the regression coefficient for this variable were low, with a slight increasing tendency. The variable, however, defining preferential credits for agriculture appeared only in two out of nine models constructed and with a negative sign. This concerned small and medium-sized cooperative banks. For large cooperative banks, preferential credit for agriculture were not of key importance in generating net profit. One can conclude that preferential credit does not bring financial benefits to cooperative banks. It is necessary to make financial revenues reliable, taking into account the costs of servicing preferential credits.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Balina R., Chrzanowski P., Juszczyk S.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s297.pdf

Autor	Agnieszka Bobola, Olena Kulykovets, Irena Ozimek, Julita Szlachciuk
Tytuł	INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION TOOLS IN THE ACTIVITIES OF INNOVATIVE GASTRONOMIC ENTERPRISES OF THE MAZOWIECKIE VOIVODESHIP
Title
Słowa kluczowe	intellectual property, intellectual property protection tools, innovations, catering company
Key words
Abstrakt	The aim of the article is to evaluate the use of intellectual property protection tools to secure innovations in catering companies. The first part of the work presents the analysis of selected scientific publications that characterize innovations and tools for intellectual property protection. The second part of the article presents the results of qualitative research, which was obtained from 50 individual in-depth interviews conducted among representatives of gastronomic companies from Mazovian Voivodeship. The research was conducted between April and July 2017. The analysis of the collected research material indicates that catering companies have the potential to create innovations that could be protected by intellectual property tools. Unfortunately the scale of practical use of this tool is small.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Bobola A., Kulykovets O., Ozimek I., Szlachciuk J.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s281.pdf

Autor	Agata Balińska, Piotr Gabryjończyk, Anna Sieczko, Jan Zawadka
Tytuł	MODERN CHALLENGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN RURAL AREAS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	agritourism, rural areas, development
Key words
Abstrakt	The purpose of the article is to indicate the most important challenges for the development of rural tourism in Poland. Attention is also paid to the research problems in the field of the studied issues identified during the scientific activity of employees of the Division of Tourism and Country Development, Faculty of Economic Sciences at Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW. The research method was the analysis of scientific articles published by the employees of the Department. The complexity of the issue of exploring the demand and supply side of rural tourism was indicated. Also, the most interesting or symptomatic elements for the further development of the scale and character of the described phenomenon were noted. In the forefront are the changes postulated by demand, forcing specific reactions accommodation providers. Therefore, there is a need to adjust supply side support to implement solutions that meet the expectations of tourists.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Balińska A., Gabryjończyk P., Sieczko A., Zawadka J.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s268.pdf

Autor	Piotr Gradziuk, Barbara Gradziuk
Tytuł	EMPLOYMENT IMPACTS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN UE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	renewable energy sources, employment, panel estimation
Key words
Abstrakt	In the world renewable energy sector, including large hydropower, employed 10.3 million people, directly and indirectly, in 2017. This represents an increase of 5.3% over the number reported the previous year. The aim of the executed research is to determine the influence of harvesting renewable energy on the labour market in EU. Eurostat databases provided a source of empirical data concerning the amount of produced energy. The following sectors were considered: solid biofuels, biogas, liquid biofuels, geothermal, hydropower, municipal waste, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, wind power and heat pumps. The research concerned 28 Member States of the EU between 2009 and 2016. Panel estimation was used as means of empirical indication of relations between the variables. The obtained models are adjusted to the empirical data, the rectified coefficient of determination equalled, depending on the sector, 0.828 (liquid biofuels) to 0.981 (solid biofuels). The analysed models show that throughout the examined period, the solar and wind power sectors were the ones that consumed the larger amount of work. As it was indicated above, these sectors are considered the most innovative and technologically advanced ones and thus, the employment rates seem to decreased in the shorter time.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Gradziuk P., Gradziuk B.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s259.pdf

Autor	Sławomir Stec, Monika Szeląg
Tytuł	INNOVATION AND RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES IN PODKARPACKIE VOIVODESHIP IN THE YEARS 2005–2016
Title
Słowa kluczowe	entrepreneurship, innovation, innovative company, innovation management, innovation processes, service innovation, technological innovation
Key words
Abstrakt	The article describes the activities related to running innovative activities and presents the dynamics of changes in expenditure on research and development as well as innovation in Podkarpackie Voivodeship in the years 2005–2016. Following article consist short characteristic of activities connected with innovation issue. It was found that the number of entities conducting R&D activities increased four times, and thus the employment of people dealing with research and development would grow as well. Similarly, the expenditure of these entities on the implementation of innovations increased, which, however, depended to some extent on the availability of EU funds. Thereby, in the period of reduced access to EU programs supporting the conduct of R&D activity, the expenditure of entities on these activities also slightly decreased.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Stec S., Szeląg M.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n1_s243.pdf