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Autor	Emilia Bojkowska, Roman Kisiel, Renata Marks-Bielska
Tytuł	Obrót ziemią rolniczą w opiniach rolników z województwa warmińsko-mazurskiego
Title	AGRICULTURAL LAND TRADE AS SEEN BY FARMERS FROM THE PROVINCE OF WARMIA AND MAZURY
Słowa kluczowe	producent rolny, nieruchomość rolna, obrót ziemią rolniczą
Key words	farmer, agricultural real estate, agricultural land trade
Abstrakt	Celem przeprowadzonych badań była ocena wpływu wprowadzenia ustawy o wstrzymaniu sprzedaży nieruchomości Zasobu Własności Rolnej Skarbu Państwa na obrót ziemią rolniczą. Badania ankietowe z wykorzystaniem autorskiego kwestionariusza wywiadu zostały przeprowadzone wśród 120 producentów rolnych w trzech powiatach (iławski, olsztyński i ostródzki) woj. warmińsko-mazurskiego. Badania przeprowadzono w pierwszym kwartale 2016 r. Kwerenda literaturowa, analiza ustawy z dnia 16 kwietnia 2016 r. o wstrzymaniu sprzedaży nieruchomości Zasobu Własności Rolnej Skarbu Państwa oraz o zmianie niektórych ustaw wykazały m.in., że wprowadzenie ww. aktu prawnego, w zamierzeniu ustawodawcy, powinno przyczynić się do racjonalnego wykorzystania szczególnego zasobu, w związku z jego specyficznymi cechami (m.in. niepowiększalność, nieprzemieszczalność, podstawowy czynnik produkcji rolniczej) jakim jest ziemia. Badani rolnicy (3/4 z nich) wskazali na mogące wystąpić dla nich utrudnienia w obrocie ziemią wraz z wprowadzeniem ustawy o wstrzymaniu sprzedaży nieruchomości z Zasobu Własności Rolnej Skarbu Państwa. Za największe ograniczenie uznano fakt, że nabywcami mogą być tylko rolnicy indywidualni (41,67%), a także wzrost liczby formalności, które trzeba wypełnić w związku z nabyciem/sprzedażą ziemi (40,00%). Wyniki uzyskanych badań potwierdzają fakt, że w Polsce ważne miejsce zajmuje nierynkowy (rodzinny) obrót ziemią rolniczą, bowiem ponad 2/3 badanych otrzymało gospodarstwo od rodziców lub teściów, a kolejne ponad 13% odziedziczyło po najbliższych. Najczęściej otrzymane, bądź odziedziczone gospodarstwo powiększano dokupując lub wydzierżawiając ziemię. Skutki wprowadzenia ww. ustawy, również w związku z faktem wielu wyjątków, możliwością uzyskania stosownych zgód na zbycie/nabycie będą widoczne w przyszłości, co powinno być przedmiotem dalszych badań.
Abstract	The aim of this study has been to explore how the Act on Halting Sale of Real Estate of the State Treasury Agricultural Property Stock influenced the trade of agricultural land. The survey, based on a questionnaire designed by the author, covered 120 farmers from three districts (the Districts of Iława, Olsztyn and Ostróda) in the Province of Warmia and Mazury, Poland. The survey was conducted in the first quarter of 2016. The results, together with a review of the literature as well as an analysis of the Act of 16 April 2016 on Act on Halting Sale of Real Estate of the State Treasury Agricultural Property Stock and Amending Certain Other Acts, have shown that the above law should contribute to more rational management of this specific resource, i.e. farmland (not expandable, not movable, essential for agricultural production), which was the legislator’s intention. Many of the farmers who responded to the questionnaire (3/4 of respondents) implicated certain restrictions in land trade that they may encounter due to the above act of law, of which the strictest are the farmland purchase being restricted to individual, private farmers (41.67% of indications) and more paperwork connected to the land sale/purchase (40.0% indications). The research results confirm that non-market (familial) land trade in Poland occupies an important position, as over 2/3 of the respondents have received their farms from parents or parents-in-law, and another 13% have inherited farms from other relatives. Farms which had been either donated or inherited were then enlarged by adding farmland purchased or rented. The consequences of the above Act, also because of numerous exceptions it makes provisions for, e.g. a possibility to apply for a special permit to sell or buy land, will be seen in the future, and therefore deserve further studies.
Cytowanie	Bojkowska E., Kisiel R., Marks-Bielska R. (2017) Obrót ziemią rolniczą w opiniach rolników z województwa warmińsko-mazurskiego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 18(67): 113-122
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2017_n67_s113.pdf

Autor	Hanna Sikacz, Przemysław Wołczek
Tytuł	Analiza ESG spółek z indeksu RESPECT na podstawie bazy ASSET4 ESG
Title	ESG ANALYSIS OF COMPANIES INCLUDED IN THE RESPECT INDEX BASED ON ASSET4 ESG DATABASE
Słowa kluczowe	czynniki ESG, RESPECT Index, ASSET4 ESG, bazy danych ESG
Key words	ESG factors, RESPECT Index, ASSET4 ESG, ESG databases
Abstrakt	Niniejsze opracowanie dotyczy analizy danych niefinansowych związanych z kwestiami ochrony środowiska, odpowiedzialności społecznej i ładu organizacyjnego zwanych danymi ESG (ang. Environmental, Social, Governance). Przedmiotem analizy są spółki wchodzące w skład indeksu RESPECT, co sugeruje, że ich wyniki ESG powinny być wysokie z racji przynależności do tego indeksu. Celem opracowania jest zatem zweryfikowanie poglądu dotyczącego wysokich wyników ESG spółek z indeksu RESPECT. Do analizy wykorzystano dane z bazy ASSET4 ESG firmowanej przez Thomson Reuters, jednego z głównych światowych dostawców informacji, zarówno dla przedsiębiorstw, specjalistów, jak i naukowców. Zaprezentowana analiza wyników ESG uzyskanych przez spółki wchodzące w skład indeksu RESPECT wskazuje na duże różnice w wynikach między danymi podmiotami, mimo że po spółkach mających spełniać najwyższe standardy związane z odpowiedzialnością można było spodziewać się mniejszych różnic i lepszych rezultatów.
Abstract	This study is concerned with the analysis of non-financial data related to environmental issues, social responsibility and corporate governance, called ESG data (Environmental, Social, Governance). The companies from the RESPECT Index are the subject of analysis. This suggesting that their ESG results should be high due to their affiliation to the mentioned index. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to verify the view on the high ESG results the companies from the RESPECT Index. To make analysis the data from the ASSET4 ESG database were used. This database is owned by Thomson Reuters, one of the world's major information providers, both for businesses, professionals, and researchers. The analysis of the ESG results obtained by the companies from the RESPECT Index shows that there are big differences in results between the entities, although from the companies, which should meet the highest standards of responsibility, we could expect smaller differences and better results.
Cytowanie	Sikacz H., Wołczek P. (2017) Analiza ESG spółek z indeksu RESPECT na podstawie bazy ASSET4 ESG.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 18(67): 158-169
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2017_n67_s158.pdf

Autor	Hanna Sikacz, Przemysław Wołczek
Tytuł	Analiza ESG spółek z indeksu RESPECT – podsumowanie badań
Title	ESG ANALYSIS OF COMPANIES INCLUDED IN THE RESPECT INDEX – SUMMARY OF RESEARCH
Słowa kluczowe	czynniki ESG, RESPECT Index, Thomson Reuters Eikon, ASSET4 ESG
Key words	ESG factors, RESPECT Index, Thomson Reuters Eikon, ASSET4 ESG,
Abstrakt	Niniejsze opracowanie stanowi podsumowanie badań związanych z analizą ESG spółek wchodzących w skład RESPECT Index. Celem artykuł jest dokonanie oceny porównawczej informacji pozyskanych z dwóch baz danych: ASSET4 ESG i Thomson Reuters Eikon oraz na podstawie tych informacji przeprowadzenie analizy wyników ESG przedsiębiorstw z indeksu RESPECT. Analiza ma odpowiedzieć na pytanie czy spółki z przedmiotowego indeksu to rzeczywiście podmioty, które w najwyższym stopniu spełniają wymagania w zakresie zarządzania czynnikami środowiskowymi, społecznymi i ładu organizacyjnego. Przedstawione w artykule rezultaty badań wskazują na pewne rozbieżności w wynikach ESG uzyskanych przez spółki. Wyniki ESG pozyskane z bazy ASSET4 ESG są korzystniejsze dla analizowanych spółek. Należy podkreślić, że kwalifikacja danego przedsiębiorstwa do indeksu spółek społecznie odpowiedzialnych nie powinna budzić żadnych wątpliwości. Tymczasem, pomimo różnic występujących w wynikach ESG między analizowanymi bazami, okazało się, że do X edycji indeksu RESPECT dostały się spółki z bardzo niskimi wyniki, co rodzi zastrzeżenia do procesu doboru spółek do przedmiotowego indeksu.
Abstract	This study is a summary of the research related to the ESG analysis of companies included in the RESPECT Index. The aim of the article is to make the comparative assessment of information obtained from two databases: ASSET4 ESG and Thomson Reuters Eikon and on the basis of this information make an analysis of the ESG results of companies from the RESPECT Index. The analysis is intended to answer the question whether the companies in the index are really those who fulfill at the highest level the requirements in the area of environment, social and corporate governance. The results of the research presented in this paper show some divergences in ESG results obtained by companies. The ESG results from the ASSET4 ESG database are more favorable for the companies analyzed. It should be emphasized that the qualification of a given company into the index of socially responsible companies should not raise any doubts. Meanwhile, in spite of the differences in the ESG results between the analyzed databases, it turned out that to the X edition of the RESPECT Index have been qualified companies with very low ESG results, which raises objections to the process of selecting companies to the index
Cytowanie	Sikacz H., Wołczek P. (2017) Analiza ESG spółek z indeksu RESPECT – podsumowanie badań.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 18(67): 170-180
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2017_n67_s170.pdf

Autor	Aleksandra Snarska
Tytuł	Kapitał klienta a wartość rynkowa na przykładzie bankowości detalicznej
Title	CUSTOMER EQUITY AND MARKET VALUE IN RETAIL BANKING
Słowa kluczowe	wartość życiowa klienta, wartość rynkowa firmy, bankowość detaliczna
Key words	customer lifetime value, market value of a firm, retail banking
Abstrakt	Niniejszy artykuł koncentruje się na badaniu zależności między wartością życiowa klienta a wartością rynkową banków na rynku polskim. Wielu autorów (P. Seybold, S. Gupta, D. Lehmann, R. Boulton, B. Liebert, S. Samek, R. Heiebeler, T. Kelly, Ch. Ketteman, P. Doyle) wykazywało pozytywną zależność miedzy wartością przyszłych przepływów pieniężnych od bazy klientów firmy a prognozowaną wyceną rynkową firmy przez inwestorów. Innym zastosowaniem wartości życiowej klienta jest zarządzanie kapitałem klienta poprzez rozwijanie klientów, ochrona relacji z nimi, zacieśnianie relacji czy zwiększanie ich wartości. Głównym założeniem artykułu jest przybliżenie metody CLV oraz zbadanie rozlicznych korelacji tego wskaźnika z wynikami finansowymi banków giełdowych. Artykuł koncentruje się także na metodologiach i trudnościach wyliczania CLV. W tym przypadku zbadane zostaną dwie metody liczenia CLV – jedna oparta na zysku z działalności podstawowej, a druga hipotetycznie bardziej dokładna na zysku brutto w segmencie operacyjnym detal. W związku z przyjętym podejściem ukazana zostanie charakterystyka tak rozumianego kapitału klienta na polskim rynku banków giełdowych wyliczana osobno dla CLV na zysku z działalności podstawowej oraz na zysku brutto. Wiele badań wykazywało pozytywną korelację między wartością szacunkowych przyszłych przepływów pieniężnych bazy klienckiej banku a wartością rynkową firmy. Finalnie zweryfikowana zostanie hipoteza o wysokiej korelacji między wartością życiową bazy klientów banku a jego wartością rynkową banków.
Abstract	The following article focuses on researching the dependencies between customer lifetime value CLV and the market valuations MV on the Polish banking sector. Many authors (P. Seybold, S. Gupta, D. Lehmann, R. Boulton, B. Liebert, S. Samek, R. Heiebeler, T. Kelly, Ch. Ketteman, P. Doyle) were claiming that there is a positive dependency between the value of future cash flows from the customer base of the company and its forecasted market valuation by the investors. Article’s main goal is to explain CLV methodology and to investigate correlations of this index with the financial results of Polish stock exchange banks. It also focuses on the methodologies and difficulties of appropriate estimation of the CLV. In this case two methods will be taken into account – first traditional measured on the Other Income and second hypothetically more accurate measured on Gross Income in the retail operating segment. Next the author will try characterize the customer equity calculated both for the Other Income CLV and the Gross Profit CLV on the Polish retail banking market, for the stock exchange banks. There is a lot of research confirming a positive correlation between the estimated value of future cash flows from the base of customers and the market value of the company. Finally a hypothesis of a high correlation between lifetime value of the customer base of the bank and its market value will be verified.
Cytowanie	Snarska A. (2017) Kapitał klienta a wartość rynkowa na przykładzie bankowości detalicznej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 18(67): 181-199
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2017_n67_s181.pdf

Autor	Lina Marcinkevičiūtė, Anna Świrska, Jan Žukovskis
Tytuł	MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES WITH AIM SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CASE OF THE LITHUANIAN ELDERSHIP AND POLISH MUNICIPALITY
Title
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	management of natural resources, management of resources based on community needs, sustainable rural development
Abstrakt
Abstract	The article analyzes sustainable rural development as development of rural localities that promotes progressive and effective management of resources, in coordination of their protection and sustainable usage with regard to requirements set in different areas (economics, social development, culture, law and environmental protection). The natural resources’ sorts, functions and indicators related to usage of natural resources are described. The strengths and weaknesses of environmental changes, the solution possibilities of the sorest problems and probable threats are named. The essential attention is given to the main components of the environment – air, water, climate, landscape, and problems of biological diversity. The article stresses the sustainable development of natural resources through strategic usage of natural resources that is beneficial to rural localities and residents. The described research was carried out in Zasliai eldership of Kaisiadorys region (Lithuania) and in Siedlce Municipality of Siedlce Poviat (Poland). The condition of its natural resources, management tools and significance for sustainable development of the locality were assessed. The improvement directions of management of natural resources in the eldership were named and substantiated with regard to the components of sustainable development (economic, environmental protection and social-cultural).
Cytowanie	Marcinkevičiūtė L., Świrska A., Žukovskis J. (2017) MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES WITH AIM SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CASE OF THE LITHUANIAN ELDERSHIP AND POLISH MUNICIPALITY.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 18(67): 200-217
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2017_n67_s200.pdf

Autor	Dominika Szwed, Anna Wasilewska
Tytuł	Formy zatrudnienia pracowników a koszty pracy
Title	FORMS OF EMPLOYMENT AND LABOUR COSTS
Słowa kluczowe	koszty pracy, składniki obligatoryjne i fakultatywne, formy zatrudnienia, minimalizacja kosztów pracy
Key words	labour costs, mandatory and optional components of wages, types of contracts, minimization of labour costs
Abstrakt	Koszty pracy to ogół kosztów, jakie ponosi przedsiębiorstwo w związku z zatrudnieniem pracowników. W ich skład wchodzą elementy obligatoryjne m.in. w postaci płacy minimalnej, dopłat do godzin nadliczbowych, składki na ubezpieczenie społeczne, FP i FGŚP oraz fakultatywne czyli wynagrodzenia powyżej płacy minimalnej, premie uznaniowe. Jedną z możliwości minimalizacji kosztów pracy jest stosowanie odpowiedniej formy zatrudnienia pracowników. W artykule przedstawiono możliwe formy zatrudnienia pracowników, wskazując na ich wady i zalety oraz wpływ na obciążenie pracodawcy kosztami pracy.
Abstract	The aim of the study was to determine the components of labour costs and to indicate the possibilities of limiting them by employing various forms of employment and indicating their disadvantages and advantages. Research shows that most labour costs are mandatory but the costs of hired labour vary depending on the form of employment (contract type). The highest costs are generated by permanent employment (employment contract). The most important way to allow an entrepreneur to optimize labour costs is an ordering contract. Labour costs in Poland are low in comparison with other EU countries. The average hourly cost of employment in Poland was 8.6 euros in 2016 towards 25.4 euros in the EU average. In the structure of average cost of labour, the non-wage costs (employer's social security contributions) accounted for 18.6% in Poland and 24% in the EU average
Cytowanie	Szwed D., Wasilewska A. (2017) Formy zatrudnienia pracowników a koszty pracy.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 18(67): 218-228
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2017_n67_s218.pdf

Autor	Nadiia Davydenko, Natalia Wasilewska
Tytuł	ASSESSMENT OF THE CREDIT HISTORY OF ENTERPRISES
Title
Słowa kluczowe	ocena historii kredytowej, kryzys sektora bankowego, kredytowanie przedsiębiorstw, zadłużenie przeterminowane, dług przedłużony, czas trwania historii kredytowej
Key words	assessment of credit history, crisis of the banking sector, lending to enterprises, overdue debt, prolonged debt, duration of credit history
Abstrakt	Opisano stan sektora bankowego na Ukrainie. Analizowane są czynniki, które utrudniają rozwój kredytów dla przedsiębiorstw. Ocena historii kredytowej ukraińskich przedsiębiorstw w latach 2009 i 2017 została przeprowadzona w celu porównania i zidentyfikowania różnic i przyczyn, które do tego doprowadziły. Zgodnie z wynikami przeprowadzonych badań, proponuje się wprowadzenie zmian w metodologicznych podejściach do oceny historii kredytowej przedsiębiorstwa w celu zwiększenia dokładności takiej oceny.
Abstract	This is the first of 5 articles describing a research conducted to assess the creditworthiness of enterprises and the impact of such an assessment on the level of lending rates during the crisis that has covered the banking sector in Ukraine. In the framework of this study, it was assumed that the creditworthiness of agrarian enterprises involves the following four factors which are subject to the assessment: the credit history of the enterprise, its financial status, business plan and the adequacy of the security (the subject of the mortgage). This article describes the results of the assessment of the credit history of the enterprise. The aim of the study is to identify the quantitative measure of the correlation between the assessment of the credit history of enterprises and the level of repayment of credit in a crisis of the banking sector, as well as the improvement of methodological approaches to such an assessment.
Cytowanie	Davydenko N., Wasilewska N. (2017) ASSESSMENT OF THE CREDIT HISTORY OF ENTERPRISES.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 18(67): 229-239
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2017_n67_s229.pdf

Autor	Monika Zielińska-Sitkiewicz
Tytuł	THE IMPACT OF NORMALIZATION PROCEDURES ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDING MATERIALS COMPANIES LISTED ON THE WARSAW STOCK EXCHANGE
Title
Słowa kluczowe	normalizacja zmiennych, taksonomiczne mierniki, TMAI, przemysł materiałów budowlanych
Key words	the data normalization, taxonomic measure, TMAI, building materials companies
Abstrakt	Jednym z etapów wielowymiarowej analizy porównawczej obiektów jest wybór procedury normalizacji zmiennych. W literaturze prezentowanych jest wiele metod transformacji normalizacyjnej. Wybór jednej z nich jest jednym z najważniejszych etapów badania, bowiem może mieć znaczny wpływ na wynik analizy. W artykule wykorzystano i porównano trzy procedury normalizacji zmiennych przy budowie rankingów w oparciu o TMAI dla 15 spółek przemysłu materiałów budowlanych notowanych na Warszawskiej Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych dla lat 2013 i 2014. Przeprowadzone badania wskazują, że stosowanie różnych wzorców normalizacji zmiennych może powodować zmianę wyników klasyfikacji firm, która nie wynika ani ze zmiany struktury danych finansowych, ani z poprawy efektywności ich działania.
Abstract	One of the stages of the comparative analysis of multivariate objects is the data normalization. There are many procedures of the normalization of the variables described in the literature. The choice of the normalization method is one of the most crucial steps for the researchers as it has a profound effect on the results of the analysis. The main goal of the present study is to examine the sensitivity of the result of linear ordering of objects, using three selected normalization methods, in calculating a synthetic taxonomic measure TMAI to create ratings of 15 building materials companies, listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The study was made for the years 2013 and 2014. The conducted study shows that the use of different normalization formulas of variables can cause the change of the results of the companies classification, which does not result neither from the data structure change nor the effectiveness modification of their operations.
Cytowanie	Zielińska-Sitkiewicz M. (2017) THE IMPACT OF NORMALIZATION PROCEDURES ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDING MATERIALS COMPANIES LISTED ON THE WARSAW STOCK EXCHANGE.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 18(67): 272-281
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2017_n67_s272.pdf

Autor	Justyna Franc-Dąbrowska
Tytuł	Financialization of economy, taking into account agribusiness
Title	Finansowanie gospodarki z uwzględnieniem agrobiznesu
Słowa kluczowe	ufinansowienie, agrobiznes
Key words	financialization, agribusiness
Abstrakt	Ufinansowienie gospodarki dokonuje się. Wydaje się, że wraz z postępem w tempie obiegu informacji, powstawania nowych instrumentów finansowych i poszukiwania nowych form tworzenia wartości jest to proces nieodwracalny. Finansjalizacja dotyczy także sfery agrobiznesu. Specyficzne cechy sektora rolnego, a szczególnie czynnika produkcji jakim jest ziemia, spowodowały zainteresowanie inwestorów skierowaniem wolnych środków pieniężnych do tego sektora. Cechą charakterystyczną ufinansowienia agrobiznesu jest zakup ziemi, która pozwala na ograniczenie ryzyka inwestycyjnego, jednocześnie stanowiąc zabezpieczenie przed inflacją. Z badań wynika, że ufinansowienie w agrobiznesie dokonuje się nie tylko za sprawą angażowania środków pieniężnych inwestorów spoza tego sektora, ale także częściowo samych rolników.
Abstract	Financialization of economy is taking place. It seems that along with the progressing rate of information flow, emergence of new financial instruments and searching for new forms of creating value, this process is irreversible. Financialization is also applicable to the field of agribusiness. The specific traits of the agricultural sector - in particular, one of its production factors, that is, land - have resulted in growing interest of investors in directing uncommitted cash to this sector. A typical trait of financialization of agribusiness is purchase of land, which allows for reduction of investment risk, at the same time offering security against inflation. Research shows that financialization in agribusiness results not only from commitment.
Cytowanie	Franc-Dąbrowska J. (2017) Financialization of economy, taking into account agribusiness.Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, t. 104, z. 4: 7-14
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2017_n4_s7.pdf

Autor	Julian Krzyżanowski
Tytuł	The Standard Model of Trade and the Marshall – Lerner Condition
Title
Słowa kluczowe	standard trade model, Marshall-Lerner condition, revaluation, elasticities, balance of trade
Key words
Abstrakt	There are similarities between standard trade model and Marshall-Lerner condition. However, in order to see whether the condition can work both ways (with decrease and increase of the currency exchange rate), and the properties of this model could be thoroughly utilized, the revaluation case is being considered. The J-curve effect is also being examined. Looking at further research ideas, the Marshall–Lerner condition could be a complimentary tool in explaining the standard model.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Krzyżanowski J. (2017) The Standard Model of Trade and the Marshall – Lerner Condition.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 17(32), z. 4: 193-198
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2017_T17(32)_n4_s193.pdf

Autor	Przemysław Szuba, Dariusz Tworzydło
Tytuł	Verifying an image objectives matrix for measuring the effects of public relations activities in business
Title	Verifying an image objectives matrix for measuring the effects of public relations activities in business
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	public relations, measurement of effects of public relations activities, internal and external communication, quantitative research, scale reliability analysis, image gap, image objectives matrix
Abstrakt
Abstract	This article presents the results of comprehensive research on image in the internal and external environments of an organization. During the research, the method of measuring the effect of public relations activities, i.e. the image objectives matrix, was alsoverified. The above tool is used to determine the image position of an economic entity, and to identify possible problems the entity must address in the range of its internal and external communications. The main conclusion is: The research project, completed in three phases(external, internal, image assessment), enabled us to optimize the dedicated tools for subsequent image studies, making it easy to see the changes closely, taking into account their direction. ZETO’s management board has received extensive material that, if appropriately used, will have a direct impact on showing the direction in which the company should be headed in the coming years. The opinions of institutional clients and employees will help to determine the strategy for future activities.
Cytowanie	Szuba P., Tworzydło D.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2017_n2_s121.pdf

Autor	Anila Boshnjaku, Ana Kapaj, Etleva Muca, Ledia Thoma
Tytuł	Brand awareness and consumer profile for milk: case of the Tirana market, Albania
Title	Brand awareness and consumer profile for milk: case of the Tirana market, Albania
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	brand awareness, milk sector in Albania
Abstrakt
Abstract	Nowadays, it is quite important that business companies understand brand awareness and consumer profile for their products and services. They can take advantage of this information to properly adapt their marketing strategies to the needs of their targetedmarkets and segments. This research paper aims at measuring brand awareness and consumer profile for different types of milk in Tirana. Through a set of face to face questionnaires, it is revealed that those in charge of purchases in the household are pretty aware of the vast majority of the milk brands available in Tirana market. They also give high evaluation scores to the most known brands. On the other hand, consumers’ profile for different types of milk (UHT vs. pasteurized or fresh) seems to differ based on some specific socio-economic variables of the household and the person in charge of the purchases. The consumers with the highest income and education level are more aware about food safety importance. Such consumers are leaned more towards purchasing UHT milk.
Cytowanie	Boshnjaku A., Kapaj A., Muca E., Thoma L.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2017_n2_s113.pdf

Autor	Rasa Rukuižienė
Tytuł	Formalization of brand marketing management in the food industry
Title	Formalization of brand marketing management in the food industry
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	brand management, marketing, formalization
Abstrakt
Abstract	The article helps to identify interrelated factors of the formalization of brand marketing management using applied strategic marketing tools. The brand marketing management framework is constructed on the market research results – new marketing mix. Consequently, valuable brands and new food products are more successful in market at the lowest costs under more intensive promotional activity. Customers always fix their choice at an advantage in consumption of new brands with (in)tangible attributies – quality, use convenience, time savings, image or variety by personal experience. Producers try to gain from new brand marketing management and try to form new consumption trends together with intermediaries. The theoretical and empirical researches were provided on the basis of scientific literature, case studies, primary data collection, surveys, primary data analysis and synthesis. A questionnaire was used to identify brand marketing management tools and the results of using them. The answers to research problems are formulated on the base of situation in the B2B and B2C markets of food brands. The research was framed to demonstrate that the formalization of brand marketing management can be impelemented succesfully by forming target marketing strategy and marketing communication.
Cytowanie	Rukuižienė R.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2017_n2_s89.pdf

Autor	Xiang Li, Grażyna Rembielak, John Wilson
Tytuł	International students and motivation to study at postgraduate level – some evidence from China
Title	International students and motivation to study at postgraduate level – some evidence from China
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	international students, international branch campuses, students’ decision, influencers, motivators
Abstrakt
Abstract	This paper investigates reasons why students decide to study abroad, taking into consideration push, pull and individual psychological factors. The research took place in China in a European university branch in Shanghai, where international students weresurveyed. Although up to date there was a lot of research on international students’ motivations to study abroad, testing various push and pull factors models, and there is only one piece of research looking specifically at students motivations with regards to international branch campuses but at Arabic context. The gap created the opportunity for the present investigation. This paper is the first piece of research that examines international students’ motivations to select a European university branch in China. The findings indicate that pull factors could be more important in influencing students to study at international branches of European universities.
Cytowanie	Li X., Rembielak G., Wilson J.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2017_n2_s73.pdf

Autor	Vasyl Lypchuk, Tetiana Stepura
Tytuł	Qualimetric approaches to the quality of human potential in Ukraine
Title	Qualimetric approaches to the quality of human potential in Ukraine
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	regional human potential quality, personal paradigm, qualimetry, time–space factors, energy, degree of harmonization
Abstrakt
Abstract	The article evaluates the main parameters of human potential quality of Ukraine’s region. The assessment is based on the quantitative measurement of sustainable development. The Euclidean metric was used. The quality of human potential as a multi-structuralphenomenon characterizes the levels of human potential characteristics developed according to the environment of its formation, as well as public and personal needs. It is indicated that a structural approach should be used to study the quality of regional human potential. This necessitates the separation of certain levels of sociogenesis. Those levels include the human body, individuality and personality. Quality is formed at each of them. In this article, using qualimetry, a quantitative measure of quality was evaluated using the level of the human body. This was the basis for the premise that the quality of human potential is formed in a three-dimensional system of time, space and energy parameters, corresponding to the demographic, ecological and economic dimensions. Various indicators can be the characteristics of each of the parameters, depending on the research focus. Using the methods proposed, the quality of the human potential of Ukrainian regions was evaluated. Indicators of the degree of harmonization and the quantitative measure of the quality were calculated. It was established that analytical conclusions should be considered not only the grade of the quality achieved, but also the degree of harmonisation of internal and external factors.
Cytowanie	Lypchuk V., Stepura T.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2017_n2_s41.pdf

Autor	Anna Korzeniewska
Tytuł	The behavioral preferences of leaders and team performance – the notions of neuroleader and neuroorganisation
Title	The behavioral preferences of leaders and team performance – the notions of neuroleader and neuroorganisation
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	neuroleader, neuroorganization, team performance, high performance, performance management
Abstrakt
Abstract	The article presents the interactions between behavioral preferences of a leader and the factors of a high-performance team. A total of 476 interactions were identified using a cross-impact matrix featuring the behavioral factors of the leader and 25 factorial factors. On this basis, the most useful features of the leader are identified and the definitions of neuroleader and neuroorganization developed. Interacted studies have shown that the neuroleader leading the organization toward neuroorganization prefers behavior that is characteristic for people who are particularly developed in the right hemisphere (blue and green, in PRISM terminology). The article presents the characteristics of “blue” and “green” leaders. The results of the present research may provide an introduction to a broader study of the influence of behavioral characteristics on team performance. It would be revealing to conduct research on a larger number of companies in order to find correlations between high team performance and the behavioral preferences of team members and leaders. The author want to take up these questions in further research on high performance in neuroscience. These studies will enhance the knowledge of management, decision making and human behavior in teams and organizations.
Cytowanie	Korzeniewska A.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2017_n2_s31.pdf

Autor	Mariana Bil
Tytuł	Population spatial mobility: essence and characteristics
Title	Population spatial mobility: essence and characteristics
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	population spatial mobility, movement, level of spatial mobility, personalitytypes of spatial mobility, immobility
Abstrakt
Abstract	The aim of the paper is to improve theoretical foundations of the research of the population spatial mobility as an actual socio-economic concept and development of its three-dimensional model. Two basic concepts are used to understand spatial mobility – “mobility” and “space”. The population spatial mobility is suggested to consider its property, which reflects desire, willingness and opportunities to change a place of residence in specified space-time coordinates, which is accompanied by human potential capitalization during implementation processes. Immobility as the opposite property of mobility is identified. A three-dimensional model of the population spatial mobility is considered. The characteristics of the population spatial mobility are generalized. They include: subjectivity, level and scale display, tempology, transformation, goal orientation, potentiality, functionality, the ability to adjust and measurability. All the characteristics are described. The author points out that the methodology to determine the level of the population spatial mobility needs developing. The different types of the population spatial mobility are described in order to assess its level. This is active-mobile and passive-mobile population. The structure of the population spatial mobility is formed depending on the dominance of a particular personality type. The scale of spatial mobility as an important characteristic reflects desire, willingness and opportunities of movement for a specified distance. Functionality as the characteristic of spatial mobility reveals its ability to perform such functions as movement provision, stagnation resistance, balancing and alignment, variability, alternativeness, freedom, protection, development, self-responsibility and individualization. Goal orientation shows that the mobile property of a person allows them to more quickly meet the needs through the achievement of demanded goals compared to other members of society who are immobile. The actuality of the research of the population spatial mobility in the context of human development is proved in the conclusions.
Cytowanie	Bil M.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2017_n2_s5.pdf

Autor	Patryk Zwierzyński
Tytuł	The determinants of consumer behaviours in the furniture market
Title	The determinants of consumer behaviours in the furniture market
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	furniture sector, determinants of consumers’ behaviours
Abstrakt
Abstract	The article presents analysis of the determinants of consumer behaviours in the furniture market. Given the numerous factors that influence consumer behaviours, the author has decided to focus on the most important determinants affecting furniture purchasers’ attitudes in the Polish furniture market. The determinants are divided into indirect factors (economic, demographic and marketing) and direct ones. The he characteristics of furniture are also described. The publication is based on the literature and research conducted in the furniture market in previous years.
Cytowanie	Zwierzyński P.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2017_n1_s131.pdf

Autor	Kateryna Zavalniuk
Tytuł	Diversification as a modern growth strategy in agriculture
Title	Diversification as a modern growth strategy in agriculture
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	strategy, marketing strategy, diversification, agrarian groups, agricultural enterprises
Abstrakt
Abstract	The aim of the article is to examine the theoretical foundations of diversification strategy and identify the characteristics of its application in agriculture. The relevance of diversification strategy research is that its implementation allows additional income to be made, ensures financial stability for enterprise when demand for basic products fluctuates, and strengthens the competitive position in chosen markets. The importance for enterprise of implementing growth strategy is discussed, as is the economic essence of “marketing strategy”. Dynamic changes in the market force producers to review their activity and seek a more optimum development strategy. Diversification can be the optimal strategy when market conditions are uncertain. The article analyzes the essence and types of diversification along with the benefits and disadvantages of diversification strategy. As a result of the research, features of diversification strategy for the agricultural sector were analysed, the essence of which may be found in the unification of agricultural products with other kinds of activity. This is done to decrease the risk arising from receding demand for main agricultural products. The study found that the most effective and least risky strategy is vertical diversification, which involves obtaining a synergistic effect and reducing transaction costs (through the use of a single production chain from field to consumer).
Cytowanie	Zavalniuk K.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2017_n1_s123.pdf

Autor	Mateusz Rak
Tytuł	Corporate Social Resposibility activities undertaken by enterprises
Title	Corporate Social Resposibility activities undertaken by enterprises
Słowa kluczowe
Key words	corporate philanthropy, CSR, strategy, corporate foundation
Abstrakt
Abstract	The paper shows areas of CSR included in corporate strategy, including particularly philanthropy, which may be pursued by an external organisation. It also presents areas of corporate social responsibility, providing a background for the results of the analysis of secondary data concerning the importance of CSR for enterprise. The procedure for creating a CSR strategy is explained and the possibilities of pursuing philanthropic tasks by an external organisation are shown. Using own research (the analysis of websites of 125 corporate foundations in Poland in 2015 and the results of the survey of 46 managers from corporate foundations), author present ways of delegating philanthropic tasks to corporate foundations and how the tasks are accomplished. This article is intended for researchers studying CSR and also for company managers who think about philanthropy.
Cytowanie	Rak M.
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Pełny tekst	AMME_2017_n1_s109.pdf